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用法学习: 1. burnish 提升(形象) to rub metal until it is smooth and shiny. If you burnish something such as your public image, you take action to improve it and make it more attractive. To burnish the image of someone or something means to improve their image. It was a move that has burnished Mr Hu's populist credentials. The company is currently trying to burnish its socially responsible image. There is nothing surprising about Albanese’s choices – assuming they are honest, and not chosen to burnish the everyman credentials of a man who grew up in public housing and is now the happy owner of multiple homes. burnished adj I. 磨得闪亮的. smooth and shiny, usually because of being polished (= rubbed): The case is burnished aluminium. burnished mahogany doors. II. (of a colour) shining in a warm way: Their children have burnished olive skin. III. having had improvements made to it: Nothing in political prose has been so burnished as his acceptance speech. 2. The reminiscence bump 回忆杀 is the tendency for adults over forty to have increased or enhanced recollection for events that occurred during their adolescence and early adulthood. It was identified through the study of autobiographical memory and the subsequent plotting of the age of encoding of memories to form the lifespan retrieval curve. The reminiscence bump is a phenomenon in autobiographical memory where older adults tend to recall a disproportionately large number of memories from their adolescence and early adulthood (roughly between the ages of 10 and 30). This occurs despite the fact that these individuals have lived through other periods of life with equally significant events. Albo's song list: Not that there's anything wrong with his choices, either. There's a fair body of research behind the "reminiscence bump" theory that the music we fall in love with in our youth – when we're developing our sense of self and identity – is the music that ends up staying with us for life. The reminiscence bump is mostly strongly felt towards music heard between the ages of about 10 to 30. And nostalgia is a hell of a drug, which is why most people remain slaves to the conceit(The phrase "slaves to the conceit" refers to individuals who are excessively devoted to or controlled by their own vanity, pride, or inflated sense of self-importance. It implies that their actions and decisions are driven by this conceit, rather than by reason or a more balanced perspective. The term "conceit" in this context means an overly high opinion of oneself, often manifested as arrogance or vanity.) that the music of their generation was the greatest ever made. 3. death ray 死死地盯着, 杀气腾腾的看着 a weapon that generates an intense beam of particles or radiation by which it destroys its target. an imaginary ray capable of killing. She was shooting death ray at 杀气腾腾的看着我 me. keep watch 小心看着 保持警惕 stay on the lookout for danger or trouble. to watch to make sure that no one is coming. If someone keeps watch, they look and listen all the time, while other people are asleep or doing something else, so that they can warn them of danger or an attack. Jose, as usual, had climbed a tree to keep watch. She kept watch outside while the others robbed the bank. "at the mouth of the stream, two young sentries kept watch". keep a watch out for to regularly check to see if someone has arrived or if something has appeared or happened. She asked him to keep a watch out for the delivery truck. condemnation 瞧不上 看不起 [ˌkɒn.dəmˈneɪ.ʃən] the act of condemning something or someone: The shooting of the police officer has received universal condemnation. Condemnation is the act of saying that something or someone is very bad and unacceptable. The violence received widespread condemnation from politicians and senior police officers. There was widespread condemnation of Saturday's killings. The raids have drawn a strong condemnation from the United Nations Security Council. vocabulary: Condemnation is the act of declaring something awful or evil. If your little brother does something unspeakably awful, express your condemnation so he will learn not to do it again. Condemnation comes from the verb condemn, "to strongly disapprove." You might criticize something that you still think is worthwhile, but if you express condemnation, that's laying a heavy moral blame. Condemnation is used in law, and means the same thing as sentencing; you might have heard a judge say "I condemn you to ten years of hard labor." Also, a very dangerous building will be sealed up and deemed uninhabitable by an act of condemnation. 4. Shilajit Gummies

camp it up; hammily, ham it up; amp up sth, ramp up sth.

用法学习: 1. derelict [ˈdɛrɪlɪkt] I. 荒废的. in a very poor condition as a result of disuse and neglect. a derelict site. be left derelict Even in cities where land is scarce and expensive, substantial amounts of it are left derelict. become derelict Some of these buildings have become so derelict that they require complete reconstruction. lie derelict mainly UK The entire site has lain derelict since the 1970s. fall derelict mainly UK The houses were abandoned and eventually fell derelict. stand derelict UK The theatre has been left to stand derelict. "a derelict Georgian mansion". II. North American shamefully negligent of one's duties or obligations. failing to do what you should do, especially in your job: derelict in If we do nothing, then we're derelict in our responsibility to protect our people. derelict in your duty We have the right to vote out board members who are derelict in their duty 不尽职尽责. The report refers to "grossly derelict" actions by past directors. "he was derelict in his duty to his country". Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer called the postponement "outrageous", "evasive" and "derelict". the long and the short of it 总之, 总的来讲, 总而言之 informal said when you want to explain the general situation without giving details: The long and the short of it is that they are willing to start the work in January. sensory 感官的 connected with the physical senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing, and sight. 
Sensory means relating to the physical senses. ...sensory information passing through the spinal cord. ...our body's sensory system. Lam remembers how surreal her orchestral debut felt, describing it as "an incredible sensory experience 感官体验". black eye I. discoloration of the skin around the eye, resulting from a blow, bruise, etc. an area of skin around the eye that has gone dark because it has been hit: He had a fight at school and came home with a black eye. II. 污点, 耻辱. 羞耻. a mark of shame, dishonor, etc. something that damages someone's or something's reputation; a bad reputation: These slums are a black eye to our town. The problem is something of a black eye for what has been the biotechnology industry's most successful product. He described recent incidents of sexual harassment as "a black eye for the university." That incident was perceived as a black eye for the Trump administration. III. 臭名昭著, 坏名声. 恶名. damaged reputation. to make someone or something look bad; to damage someone's or something's reputation. That food critic's negative review really gave my restaurant a black eye. They let me keep my job after I got caught, but the transgression gave me a black eye for the rest of my career. Yeah, if you're a general manager, trading your ace pitcher for next-to-nothing will certainly give you a black eye! Inaccurate hurricane predictions gave forecasters a black eye. Your behavior will give the family a black eye. 2. US whistleblower accuses Trump officials of willfully ignoring court orders: A former lawyer with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) has published a whistleblower complaint accusing officials of intentionally ignoring court orders that might impede US President Donald Trump's campaign for mass deportation. On Tuesday, representatives for Erez Reuveni filed a 35-page letter of complaint detailing the lawyer's allegations against the Trump administration. It offers a look at the debates and divisions unfolding behind the scenes at the Justice Department, as it defends Trump's efforts to arrest and rapidly deport non-citizens, a process that has spurred concern about rights violations. Discouraging clients from engaging in illegal conduct is an important part of the role of lawyer. Mr Reuveni tried to do so and was thwarted, threatened, fired and publicly disparaged 公开诋毁 for both doing his job and telling the truth to the court. Still, as the news of the complaint circulated on US media, members of the Trump administration sought to frame Reuveni's claims as those of a "disgruntled former employee". He accused Reuveni and media outlets like The New York Times, which published a copy of Reuveni's complaint, of attempting to sabotage Bove's chances of being confirmed as a circuit court ( I. 巡回法庭. Courts that literally sit 'on circuit', i.e., judges move around a region or country to different towns or cities where they will hear cases; The term "circuit court" is derived from the English custom of itinerant courts whose judges periodically travelled on pre-set paths - or circuits - to hear cases from different areas. In the past, judges used to "ride circuit" — traveling around a geographic area to hear cases. The term stuck, even though today most courts are fixed in location. II. In US, Federal Circuit Courts (U.S. Courts of Appeals). These are intermediate appellate courts in the federal system — just below the U.S. Supreme Court. The U.S. is divided into 13 circuits:11 regional circuits (e.g., 9th Circuit, 2nd Circuit), The D.C. Circuit, The Federal Circuit (specialized cases like patents), They review decisions from federal district courts (trial courts). They do not hold trials; they handle appeals only. On the American frontier, a judge often travelled on horseback along with a group of lawyers. Abraham Lincoln was one such attorney who regularly rode the circuit in Illinois, along with Circuit Judge David Davis. In more settled areas, a stagecoach would be used. Eventually, the legal caseload in a county would become great enough to warrant the establishment of a local judiciary. Most of these local judicial circuits (that is, in terms of the actual routes travelled by judges) have been thus replaced by judges regularly stationed at local courthouses, but in many areas, the legacy term remains in use. ) judge. "This is disgusting journalism," he wrote. "Planting a false hit piece the day before a confirmation hearing is something we have come to expect from the media, but it does not mean it should be tolerated." Democrats, meanwhile, seized the complaint as evidence of malfeasance in the Trump administration. 3. Residents say Waymo robotaxis are driving them mad. Can AI and humans coexist?: The back-up beeping 倒车滴滴声 is the main issue for people who live around the lots in Santa Monica. And that is a stipulation of federal law: all autonomous electric vehicles — just like large delivery trucks — must beep when they're backing up for the safety of the pedestrians around them. One exasperated and under-slept local questioned the need: pointing out that robots can see just as clearly when they're going backwards as forwards, that they're not piloted by a human straining to 极力的, 费劲的, 尽力的 look over their shoulder, and they're programmed not to hit any human who might walk in their way. Robots, under current California law, can't get traffic tickets. State legislators are currently mulling a bill 考虑一个提案 that would, among other things, "Require the individual car violating the law to be assessed fines and points in the same manner as a human driver." But would a $300 ticket be as strong a disincentive to a corporation that owns a robot as it is to a human driver who is paying out of their own, much smaller pocket? It's nearing midnight as the young man scurries through a dark alley. He wears a mask and overalls and is armed with a roll of duct tape. As he nears his target – a driverless robot taxi – he tears off some tape to disable the futuristic car's sensors. The man and others call themselves "stackers," and most nights you'll find them, faces masked from security cameras, on a mission. They stand in the way of robotaxis, so the cars are forced to line up in a stack in an alley and can't access two charging lots near downtown Santa Monica that Waymo opened in January, with little fanfare and apparently zero prior public awareness. "We'll try lasering the next one," one stacker says to another. "We're just running some routine experiments to see what it takes to properly stack a Waymo. We just want the Waymos to stop beeping at night," he says. "They're really disturbing us. They're disturbing our neighbors." They've become very popular with riders, but very unpopular with some residents who say human beings are kept awake at night by the robots' honking, flashing lights and back-up beeps, as well as the general hubbub generated by the robots' human attendants, who plug them in to charge and vacuum them between rides. "Like some of the other neighbors reported, I've had like phantom beeps during my drowsy days." Santa Monica officials say the back-up beeping isn't loud enough to violate the city's noise ordinance. But Stacker One points to another local law saying there can be no "business support operations" between the hours of 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. within 100 feet of a residence. "And there's no mention of an exception that says if you get a robot to yell for you, you're allowed to do that at night," he says. In the face of complaints, Waymo says it has bought quieter vacuums for the humans who clean the robotaxis, limited the speed they drive in the alleys to 10 mph and limited the late-night use of the lot that was drawing the most complaints. The company has also planted some bamboo, hoping to muffle 掩盖 the noise of both the robotaxis and their human attendants. "We strive to be good neighbors," a Waymo spokesperson told CNN. "We are in ongoing conversation with the city's Department of Transportation and are actively working with the agency as we explore and implement mitigations that address neighbors' concerns." But the lots continue to operate, and the robots continue to beep when they back up. 4. Touts employ overseas workers to bulk-buy gig tickets: Ticket touts 黄牛党 are employing teams of workers to bulk-buy 批量购买, 大量购买 tickets for the UK's biggest concerts like Oasis and Taylor Swift so they can be resold for profit, a BBC investigation has found. We uncovered some touts are making "millions" hiring people overseas, known as "ticket pullers 抢票人", with one telling an undercover journalist his team bought hundreds of tickets for Swift's Eras tour last year. Our reporter, posing as a would-be tout, secretly recorded the boss of a ticket pulling company in Pakistan who said they could set up a team for us and potentially buy hundreds of tickets. Shortly after pre-sale, where a limited number of fans could buy Oasis tickets when they went on sale in August, tickets for their UK gigs were being listed on resale websites like StubHub and Viagogo for more than £6,000 - about 40 times the face value of a standing ticket. We found genuine fans missed out or, in desperation, ended up paying way over the odds ( over the odds 花费大价钱 British above what is generally considered acceptable, especially for a price. more than something is really worth. more than is expected, necessary, etc I got paid over the odds for that job. It's a nice enough car but I'm sure she paid over the odds for it. "you could be paying over the odds for perfume". ) as touts have an army of people working for them to buy tickets for the most in-demand 需求高的 (= high-demand 热门的, 火爆的) events as soon as they go on sale. Ali, the boss of the ticket pulling company, boasted to our undercover reporter that he'd been successful at securing tickets for popular gigs. "I think we had 300 Coldplay tickets and then we had Oasis in the same week - we did great," he told us. Ali claimed he knew of a UK tout who made more than £500,000 last year doing this and reckons others are "making millions". Our research found pullers buy tickets using illegal automated software and multiple identities which could amount to fraud. Another ticket pulling boss, based in India, told BBC Wales Investigates' undercover reporter: "If I'm sitting in your country and running my operations in your country, then it is completely illegal. "We do not participate in illegal things because actually we are outside of the UK." A man who worked in the ticketing industry 票务行业 for almost 40 years showed us how he infiltrated a secret online group that claims to have secured thousands of tickets using underhand methods. Reg Walker said members of the group could generate 100,000 "queue passes" - effectively allowing them to bypass the software that creates an online queue for gigs. He told the BBC's The Great Ticket Rip Off programme this was the equivalent of "100,000 people all of a sudden turning up and pushing in front of you in the queue". He added: "If you are a ticketing company and an authorised resale company, and someone decides to list hundreds of tickets for a high-demand 热门的 ( = in-demand) event... my question would be, where did you get the tickets?There's no due diligence." Fans are usually limited to a handful of tickets when buying from primary platforms such as Ticketmaster. Touts often list their tickets on resale websites and one former Viagogo employee alleged he had seen some profiles with thousands of tickets for sale. "They [touts] buy in bulk most of the time in the hope of reselling and making a profit," he said, speaking on condition of anonymity. "I don't know how they get their hands on them but I know that at some point they would have bought tickets in bulk in serious numbers. "You're not allowing a lot of people to get access because you're hoarding the tickets." Another potentially illegal practice in the UK is "speculative selling 投机购买", where touts list tickets for resale without owning them. There is no guarantee these touts will actually secure a ticket and "speculative selling" was one of the reasons two touts were jailed for fraud in 2020. The exact seats appeared to be for sale at the same time on both Ticketmaster, the original point of sale, and Viagogo. After we presented our evidence to Viagogo, it said: "Listings suspected to be in contravention of 相抵触 our policy( contravention the act of doing something that a law or rule does not allow, or an instance of this. an action that is against a law or rule, or that is not what you promised or were expected to do: (a) contravention of sth The use of unguarded candles is a contravention of the 1981 Hotels & Boarding House Act. be in contravention of sth We are trying to understand in what way we may have been in contravention of the law. Council may serve a contravention notice if the builder fails to submit plans before starting construction work. in contravention of By accepting the money, she was in contravention of company regulations. These are all blatant contraventions of the UN Declaration on Human Rights. contravene to do something that a law or rule does not allow, or to break a law or rule. to not obey a rule or law, or to not do what you promised: The toy manufacturer contravened safety codes by using toxic paints on its dolls. The company knew its actions contravened international law. ) have been removed from the site." The UK government is looking at measures to try and tackle the issue, but evidence of the challenges faced can be seen in the Republic of Ireland. In 2021, laws were introduced there to stop the resale of tickets above face value, but the BBC found this being flouted. Capping 上限, 封顶 resale prices of tickets and regulating resale platforms was one of Sir Keir Starmer's manifesto pledges ahead of last year's general election. Now he is prime minister, the UK government has held a consultation with proposals including a price cap that ranges from the original price to 30% above face value, introducing larger fines and a new licensing regime. But Dame Caroline Dinenage, chairwoman of the UK government's cross-party Culture, Media and Sport committee said: "It's a minefield for people who just want to buy tickets for an event they want to enjoy. "This evidence proves that there is not enough activity going on either from the government, in some cases from the police and certainly from some of these really big online organisations to be able to clamp down on this sort of activity." The Conservative MP said this investigation highlighted "what a lot of consumers are already seeing that there is a whole world of, in some cases illegal, but in all cases immoral activity going on in the ticketing sphere". "People are having to pay over the odds because others quite often are operating outside of the UK to make an absolute killing on buying up tickets, selling them at a huge premium and in some cases selling tickets that don't exist at all," she added. 5. milieu [miːlˈjɜː] 社会背景, 社会环境 pl milieux or milieus the people, physical, and social conditions and events that provide the environment in which someone acts or lives. the people and the physical and social conditions and events that provide a background in which someone acts or lives. Your milieu is the group of people or activities that you live among or are familiar with. They stayed, safe and happy, within their own social milieu. His natural milieu is that of the arts. the Irish-Catholic milieu of Chicago. a cultural milieu. It is a study of the social and cultural milieu in which Michelangelo lived and worked. lube = lube something up I. to use a substance such as oil to make a machine or device operate more easily, or to prevent a surface from sticking, rubbing, or feeling dry. Lube moving parts with oil. New seals were applied and the unit lubed and reassembled. Ask the doctor to lube up the speculum before your pelvic examination. II. 准备好. to prepare something or someone or make a process happen easily and without problems: The purpose of a support act is to lube the audience for what comes next. Shows like this encourage consumption and help to keep the economy lubed up. allude to someone/something 影射, 暗指, 间接提到 to mention someone or something without talking about him, her, or it directly. to mention someone or something in a brief or indirect way: She mentioned some trouble that she'd had at home and I guessed she was alluding to her son. She also alluded to her rival's past marital troubles. He alluded to problems with the new computers. cloak-and-dagger 神秘离奇的, 诡秘的, 偷偷摸摸的, 偷着进行的, 神神秘秘的, 遮遮掩掩的 used to describe an exciting story involving secrets and mystery, often about spies, or something that makes you think of this: I'm tired of all these cloak-and-dagger (= secretive) meetings - let's discuss the issues openly. A cloak-and-dagger activity is one which involves mystery and secrecy. She was released from prison in a cloak-and-dagger operation yesterday. They met in classic cloak-and-dagger style beside the lake in St James's Park. smoke and mirrors 故布迷阵, 迷雾, 掩人耳目, 耍花招 irrelevant or misleading information serving to obscure the truth of a situation. Something that is described as smoke and mirrors is intended to make you believe that something is being done or is true, when it is not: The new budget isn't smoke and mirrors; it's an honest attempt to reduce the deficit. be getting on 变老, 老大不小了, 上年岁了 informal I. (also = US informal be getting up there) I. to be getting old: Uncle Meades getting on in years – he's 76. I wonder how old he is now? He must be getting on. II. UK informal If you say it's getting on, or time is getting on, you mean it is becoming late: It's getting on - we'd better be going. getting on for UK = US going on almost: He must be getting on for 80 now. get on UK to continue doing something, especially work: I'll leave you to get on then, shall I? take something in your stride = US take something in stride 无所谓, 不当一回事, 坦然接受, 直面问题 to deal with a problem or difficulty calmly and not to allow it to influence what you are doing: When you become a politician, you soon learn to take criticism in your stride. I used to get very insecure about my fake eye, now I can take it in my stride, sometimes it even serves as a conversation piece. to calmly deal with something unpleasant and not let it have an effect on you: Somehow the kids took all the confusion in stride. conversation piece 话题 I. something (such as a novel or unusual object) that stimulates conversation. an unusual object that causes people to start talking. something, esp an unusual object, that provokes conversation. Blackmore added a strap lock to the headstock of this guitar as a conversation piece to annoy and confuse people. Snows signature sense of humor and playfulness transforms each t-shirt and messenger bag from wearable to conversation piece. Scott called the film a conversation piece. II. (esp in 18th-century Britain) a group portrait in a landscape or domestic setting. III. a play emphasizing dialogue. 6. It remains unclear when the couple will legally wed 合法结婚 (or if they already have, prior to this week, in the US). A spokesperson for the mayor's office in Venice told CNN on Thursday that the city has not received an official request from the couple, meaning the events this week will be ceremonial and not legally binding 没有法律效力. Chicago Gay Beach in the 1980s: In a grassy outcrop (= outcropping 凸出地面的岩石 a large rock or group of rocks that sticks out of the ground. an area of bedrock (= solid rock that supports the earth above it) that can be seen at the surface of the earth. An outcrop or rocky outcrop is a visible exposure of bedrock or ancient superficial deposits on the surface of the Earth and other terrestrial planets. ) along Lake Michigan's deep blue waters, two young men pictured in a color slide photograph relax on towels, shirtless and curled against each other 蜷缩着枕在彼此的腿上. Along the rocky ledges, other men chat and sunbathe, bicycles and shoes abandoned on the ground. A vintage Cherry Coke can — one of the image's only markers of time 时代的标记 — gives the intimate scene a subtle feeling of an idyllic advertisement, and a sense of nostalgia. The lakefront stretch was a haven until the early 2000s, when it was demolished and refortified 加固 to prevent coastal flooding. Pockets ( I. a group, area, or mass of something that is separate and different from what surrounds it. A pocket of something is a small area where something is happening, or a small area which has a particular quality, and which is different from the other areas around it. He survived the earthquake after spending 3 days in an air pocket. The army controls the city apart from a few pockets of resistance. pocket 一小块地方, 小地块 of Among the staff there are some pockets of resistance to the planned changes (= some small groups of them are opposed). pocket of turbulence The pilot said that we were going to encounter a pocket of turbulence (= an area of violently moving air). II. a space between the teeth and the gums (= the firm pink flesh inside the mouth, covering the bones into which the teeth are fixed) that can contain bacteria that cause disease: periodontal pocket Studies show that people with deep periodontal pockets between their teeth and gums should have them cleaned by a dental hygienist every 3-4 months. In periodontitis, gums pull away from the teeth and form spaces (called "pockets") that become infected. III. You can use pocket in a lot of different ways to refer to money that people have, get, or spend. For example, if someone gives or pays a lot of money, you can say that they dig deep into their pocket. If you approve of something because it is very cheap to buy, you can say that it suits people's pockets. It really is worth digging deep into your pocket for the best you can afford. ...ladies' fashions to suit all shapes, sizes and pockets 各阶层. You would be buying a piece of history as well as a boat, if you put your hand in your pocket for this one. We don't believe that they have the economic reforms in place which would justify putting huge sums of Western money into their pockets. IV. the amount of money that someone has for spending: deep pockets You need deep pockets (= a lot of money) if you're involved in a long law suit. out of your own pocket 用自己的钱 I paid for my ticket out of my own pocket (= with my own money), but I can claim the cost of it back from my employer. verb. I. If someone who is in possession of something valuable such as a sum of money pockets it, they steal it or take it for themselves, even though it does not belong to them. Dishonest importers would be able to pocket the VAT collected from customers. II. If you say that someone pockets 收入囊中 something such as a prize or sum of money, you mean that they win or obtain it, often without needing to make much effort or in a way that seems unfair. He pocketed more money from this tournament than in his entire three years as a professional. III. If someone pockets something, they put it in their pocket, for example because they want to steal it or hide it. Anthony snatched his letters and pocketed them. He pocketed a wallet containing £40 cash from the bedside of a dead man. ) where gay men could be open and relaxed in the US were rare, and the disease, ignored by the government for years, only stigmatized the community further during a time of peril. "I feared the life of gay men would be forced back underground and hidden away, as it was for centuries," he added. 7. loop in 加进来, 包含进来, 包括进来 include someone in a conversation discussion etc. I'll start looping you in on our email exchanges with them. To make or keep one informed about something, such as a plan or project. We've hired a new intern to help you with data entry, so be sure to loop her in about the current project. I'll need to go loop in the rest of the team regarding these changes. matriculate [məˈtrɪk·jəˌleɪt] 招收进来, 被录取 to be formally admitted to study at a university or college. to be formally admitted to study at a university or college. Are you just auditing the course or have you matriculated? In some countries, if you matriculate, you register formally as a student at a university, or you satisfy the academic requirements necessary for registration for a course. I had to matriculate if I wanted to do a degree. The head decided I should have another go at matriculation. drastic 风云突变的 I. (especially of actions) severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects. (of a change) severe and sudden; extreme: In the desert there's a drastic change in temperature from day to night. drastic measures. Many employees have had to take drastic cuts in pay. Our lives changed drastically when dad died and we had to move. He is not under pressure from his own electorate to do anything drastic. a drastic decline/drop/reduction in sth. take drastic action/measures/steps The company is taking drastic action to reduce its debt by $14.3 billion. drastic changes/cuts in sth. The manufacturer will also report drastically reduced turnover of £3.5m in the year to this month. 8. 上有老, 下有小 sandwich generation, 人到中年: Many Australians are caring for dependant kids and sick parents, and the physical and mental health impact is significant. What can be done about it? Also a parent to two teenage boys, Ms Foundis is a member of the "sandwich generation": people reaching middle age who switch constantly between intergenerational caregiving, paid work, and their own lives. A sandwich generation-focused survey from Violet — an NGO focused on planning for end-of-life care — has heard hundreds of respondents detail their struggles and pressures in supporting parents, children and being able to find time for themselves. One woman described it as a "continual trade-off" between caring for a parent and living her own life, as many others said caring for their own children was made difficult by the needs of aging parents. Another described the extreme mental health aspects of being a full-time carer for a son living with psychosis while also caring for her 98-year-old mother as being "insurmountable". Ms Foundis likened 比作, 比喻 her myriad of roles and responsibilities to more of a "soup" than a sandwich. "There are some days where it feels very chunky and messy and unpalatable; and other days when it's actually a really nourishing thing because it's multigenerational," she said. Demographer Bernard Salt told 702 ABC Radio Sydney that parents in their 50s like Ms Foundis were the most squeezed generation. "People aren't as enabled to go into the workforce and to establish their own household 组自己的小家, 组自己的家庭 earlier," Mr Salt said. 9. Boeing Crisis: Whistleblowers who worked on the aircraft have raised numerous concerns about production standards 生产标准. Some have claimed that potentially dangerously flawed 严重问题的 aircraft have been allowed into service – allegations the company has consistently denied. It was on a chilly December morning in 2009 that a brand-new aircraft edged out onto the runway 缓缓驶上跑道 at Paine Field airport near Seattle and, as a cheering crowd looked on, accelerated into a cloudy sky. The flight was the culmination 结晶 ( the point at which an event or series of events ends, having developed until it reaches this point: the culmination of Winning first prize was the culmination of years of practice and hard work. culmination to The book was a fitting culmination to his career. ) of years of development and billions of dollars worth of investment. Not long after the aircraft entered service 开始服役, however, there were serious problems. In January 2013, lithium-ion batteries caught fire aboard a 787 as it waited at a gate at Boston's Logan International Airport. In 2019, he told the BBC that workers at the plant had failed to follow strict procedures 严格程序 intended to track components through the factory, potentially allowing defective parts to go missing. In some cases, he said, workers had even deliberately fitted substandard parts from scrap bins to aircraft in order to avoid delays on the production line. He also maintained that defective fixings were used to secure aircraft decks. Screwing them into place produced razor-sharp slivers of metal, which in some cases accumulated beneath the deck in areas containing large amounts of aircraft wiring. An audit by the FAA also confirmed that metal shavings 金属碎屑 were present beneath the floors of a number of aircraft. In 2011, she had complained to regulators about substandard parts 不符合规定的部件, 劣质部件 being deliberately removed from quarantine bins and fitted to aircraft, in an attempt to keep the production line moving. Ms Kitchens, who left Boeing in 2016, also claimed employees had been told to overlook substandard work, and said defective wiring bundles, containing metallic shavings 金属屑 within their coatings, had been deliberately installed on planes – creating a risk of dangerous short-circuits. The quality engineer said that while working on the 787 in late 2020, he had seen the company introduce shortcuts in assembly processes 组装过程, in order to speed up production and delivery of the aircraft. These, he said, "had allowed potentially defective 有问题的零件 parts and defective installations 有问题的安装 in 787 fleets". He also noted that on the majority of aircraft he looked at, tiny gaps in the joints between sections of fuselage had not been properly rectified. This, he said, meant those joints would be prone to "premature fatigue failure over time" and created "extremely unsafe conditions for the aircraft" with "potentially catastrophic" consequences. Boeing insists that "claims about the structural integrity of the 787 are inaccurate". It says: "The issues raised have been subject to rigorous examination 严格审查 under US Federal Aviation Administration oversight. This analysis has validated that the aircraft will maintain its durability and service life over several decades, and these issues do not present any safety concerns." "I really think production problems are more of a short-term concern," he says. "For the past few years, there's been far greater oversight 更好的监管监督 of 787 production. "For older planes, I think any serious problems would have shown up by now." However, he stresses that the cause of the recent tragedy is still unknown – and that it is vital the investigation moves forward quickly, so that any problems, whether they lie 问题在于 with the aircraft, the airline or elsewhere, can be resolved. 10. The ACT first raised the age of criminal responsibility 形式能力年龄, 刑事责任年龄 to 12 in November 2023. It has now been increased to 14. The move has been supported by advocates and experts but there are concerns services will be stretched too thin. The ACT will make history tomorrow as the first Australian jurisdiction to raise to 14 the age at which a child can be held responsible for a crime. Rather than facing charges, children will be referred to a therapeutic support panel to help address the causes of their offending. There will be exceptions for serious crimes, including murder, intentionally inflicting grievous bodily harm and specific sexual offences. But already-stretched services in the territory warn that without more funding, they will struggle to support the volume of children diverted their way. National Children's commissioner Anne Hollonds commended the ACT's approach, at a time when she said the political will to raise the age had mostly disappeared. Mr McKenna said the ACT Law Society had ongoing concerns about how police would frisk search and detain young people under the age of 14. "The last thing we want is to have some sort of alternative regime that's quasi-policing without the charge, that still allows them broad, sweeping powers to – in all but name (除了名字不一样实质相同, 就差没有名分) ( in all but name = in everything but name existing in a particular state but not formally recognized as such. existing as a fact but not officially described that way. If you say that a situation exists in all but name, you mean that it is not officially recognized even though it exists. ...the group, which is now a political party in all but name. It's the end of the doctrine in all but name. She is vice-president in all but name. "these polytechnics had been universities in all but name for many years". ) – arrest and detain young people for periods of time or harshly search them," he said. The Canberra PCYC, which runs intensive crime diversionary programs for young people in the ACT, said it was not prepared for the influx 涌入 of referrals it was expecting to receive. Chief executive Cheryl O'Donnell said police had advised the organisation it would be "slammed", rapidly adding to the more than 220 children aged between 12 and 14 already on its waitlist. "There is concern [among organisations] because the financial resources haven't been put into services that are available so that they can actually increase the intake of young people," Ms O'Donnell said. 11. collapse I. to fold something into a smaller shape, usually so it can be stored, or (especially of furniture) to fold in this way: All chairs collapse 椅子可折叠 for easy storage. II. (of people and business) to suddenly be unable to continue or work correctly: Lots of people lost their jobs when the property market collapsed. Talks between management and unions have collapsed. Share prices collapsed (= became lower suddenly) after news of poor trading. to suddenly fail or become unable to continue: the system/economy/government, etc. collapses Without computers the whole economic system would collapse. a company/bank/industry, etc. collapses The bank collapsed after an alleged massive fraud. talks/negotiations collapse. III. to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support: Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake. collapse under someone's/something's weight The chair collapsed under her weight. figurative He thought his whole world had collapsed when his wife died. to suddenly fall to a much lower level: prices/shares collapse 崩盘, 崩塌, 崩溃. Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading. Construction jobs were lost as the property market collapsed. IV. If someone collapses, they fall down because of being sick or weak: He collapsed and died of a heart attack. She felt her legs give way and she collapsed to the floor. noun. the sudden failure of a system, organization, business, etc.: collapse of I don't know what caused the collapse of her marriage. A poor economy has caused the collapse of thousands of small businesses. on the brink of collapse Negotiations between the two countries are on the brink of collapse (= very soon going to fail). on the verge of collapse The economy was on the verge of collapse. mental collapse He suffered a mental collapse after ten years' teaching. nervous collapse She had a nervous collapse and was unable to return to work. suffer a collapse After years of frustration and intense hard work, he suffered a total collapse. II. the sudden falling movement of a person or structure that has become too weak to stand: He was taken to hospital after his collapse on the pitch. the collapse of a building during the earthquake. 12. smarmy 虚假的, 做作的 ingratiating and wheedling in a way that is regarded as insincere or excessive. extremely polite or helpful or showing a lot of respect in a way that is annoying or does not seem sincere: She was trying to be friendly, but she just seemed smarmy and insincere. "a smarmy, unctuous reply". hammily 表演过火的, 用过劲, 用力过度 adverb in a way that is unnatural and uses too much emotion. in a hammy or overacted manner hammily acted by the leading actor - utterly unconvincing. The actor hammily portrays a retiring schoolteacher who offers one last piece of heartfelt advice for his departing class. Even though many of the performances are hammily done, the sappy romantic comedy is one of my favourite films. ham it up 表演过火, 举止做作 informal I. to perform or behave in a false way, especially in a way that is too obvious or that makes people laugh. to show expressions or emotions more obviously than is realistic: Here's a picture of Philip hamming it up for grandma when he was three. II. (idiomatic, acting) To deliberately exaggerate one's emotions or movements, or to overact or act hammily. You can count on him to ham it up for the camera. camp it up 忸怩作态的, 做作的, 女性化的, 动作夸张 to act with exaggerated speech or gestures. to behave in a camp manner. If a performer camps it up, they deliberately perform in an exaggerated and often amusing way. He camped it up, he told bad taste jokes and endless anecdotes with no point at all. He really camped it up on stage. Make an extravagant, affected, or vulgar display. Amateur actors often camp it up, trying to be more dramatic. Originating in the 1950s as slang for flamboyant behavior stereotypically associated with gay men, this term began to be used more loosely by about 1970. amp someone up 激励, 鼓舞 to get someone excited: She amped up the crowd. amp something up 加大, 加强, 添油加醋 to make something stronger, more extreme, or more exciting: They are amping up the pressure on their opponents. If you're ready to amp up the adventure, you can climb up via the waterfall. He amped up 夸大, 夸张 his story to make it sound more exciting than it is. ramp something up I. If a business ramps up its activity, it increases it: The company announced plans to ramp up production 提高产量, 提高生产力 to 10,000 units per month. To stay competitive, they'll have to ramp up product development 扩大产品开发 as well as cut prices. II. to increase the speed, power, or cost of something: Announcement of the merger is expected to ramp up share prices over the next few days. Mitsubishi has ramped up the speed of its new microcontrollers. ramp up pressure The authorities are ramping up the pressure on those who illegally tap into water supplies. to increase activity or the level of something: The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10,000 units per month to meet demand. On Monday, he ramped up his criticism, saying lawmakers who had campaigned on cutting spending but backed the bill "should hang their heads in shame!" ramp up prices/spending/dividends As the publisher's profits soared, the dividend to shareholders was ramped up 27%. III. to talk about a company's shares in a way that makes people think they are worth more than they really are: Investors should be wary of comments posted on financial chat sites which may just be trying to ramp up share prices. ramp-up: a large increase in activity or in the level of something: They saw a ramp-up in orders. As assemblers are needed to support the production ramp-up, the total number of jobs is expected to grow to around 20. twig 猛醒, 意识到 (catch on, the penny drops) verb. UK informal to suddenly realize something. If you twig, you suddenly realize or understand something. Then I twigged that they'd been planning this for a while. By the time she'd twigged what it was all about, it was too late. Then he twigged what I meant. She's six months pregnant, and he still hasn't twigged. noun. 小树枝. A twig is a very small thin branch that grows out from a main branch of a tree or bush. a small, thin branch of a tree or bush, esp. one removed from the tree or bush and without any leaves: We gathered some dry twigs to start the fire. clock I. 录得. to take a particular time exactly to do or complete something: He clocked ten seconds 跑了 in the 100 metres (= he ran it in ten seconds). If something or someone is clocked at a particular time or speed, their time or speed is measured at that level. He has been clocked at 11 seconds for 100 metres. 170-mile-an-hour winds were clocked on a mountaintop in North Carolina. II. to show or reach a particular speed or distance on a measuring device: The police clocked him doing 80 mph in a 50 mph area. Jim's car has clocked (= travelled) 40,000 miles in less than two years. III. to hit someone, especially on the head or face: Then the other guy turned round and clocked him (one) (= hit him). IV. 注意到. If you clock something, you notice or see it. I walked past that gate hundreds of times before I clocked it. V. To recognize; to assess, register. I'd already clocked her as someone who couldn't reliably be believed when she spoke. And now this too! VI. (transitive, informal) To identify (someone) as having some attribute (for example, being trans or gay). Once my transition was complete I considered moving to London, where I felt there was less chance of being clocked 被认出来 and a larger support network. VII. (British, slang) To falsify the reading of the odometer of a vehicle. I don't believe that car has done only 40,000 miles. It's been clocked 篡改. 13. the last chance saloon 最后成功的机会, 最后的机会 informal British a difficult situation in which there is one final chance to put it right. a final opportunity to be successful or to be accepted after a number of failures: Everyone knew the company was in the last chance saloon. The minister warned the press that they were drinking in the last chance saloon. "he has put his job on the line and is drinking in the last chance saloon". Bruce Lehrmann's last chance saloon: We found the despised party boy hiding at the end of the Earth - and he's shacked up with a single mum who has a LOT to say to local haters. saloon [səˈluːn] I. = AM, use sedan. A saloon or a saloon car is a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot that is separated from the rear seats. II. A saloon is a place where alcoholic drinks are sold and drunk. III. The saloon or saloon bar in a pub or hotel is a comfortable bar where the drinks are more expensive than in the other bars. predate 时间上比...早 to have existed or happened before another thing. If you say that one thing predated another, you mean that the first thing happened or existed some time before the second thing. To designate a date earlier than the actual one; to move a date, appointment, event, or period of time to an earlier point (contrast "postdate".) The Chinese use of Pascal's Triangle predates its discovery by Blaise Pascal. These cave paintings predate any others which are known. These burial mounds predated the arrival of Europeans in North America. His troubles predated the recession. The monument predates the arrival of the druids in Britain. I want you to predate the registration (把注册日期提前). II. to kill and eat another animal: Some species of bat predate small mammals. Possums will predate on baby birds and eggs. backdate 追溯, 回溯 I. to make something, especially a pay increase, effective from an earlier time. to make something effective from a date earlier than the present date: They got a pay rise in March that was backdated to January. They agreed that the pay increase would be backdated to July. Those signing up before October will have their pension payments backdated. Those signing up before October will have their pension payments backdated. II. to put a date on a document that is earlier than the date when you wrote it: The jury's verdict recognized that backdating options with intent to deceive is a crime. backdate a cheque. post-date to write a date on a document, especially a cheque, that is later than the date on which you are writing it: If you cannot trust the salesman to wait until the date on a cheque before presenting it, then post-dating it is pointless. We always pay our credit card bill by post-dated cheque for encashment on the due date. a postdated letter of resignation. II. UK to make something such as a payment become effective at a later date: be post-dated The company has a lot of orders that were postdated until January. III. to happen or exist after something: The new terms and conditions, which postdate the time you used your card, state that if you make a charge in a currency other than sterling, that charge will be converted into sterling. 14. small man 小人 used metaphorically to describe someone who is considered petty, narrow-minded, or lacking in importance or significance. You are a small man 你真是小人. little man I. 普通人. 平常人 = little guy. a man of no importance or significance. the common or ordinary person. An ordinary man of no particular fame or accomplishment; especially, everyone who is an underdog by the nature of not being rich or powerful. an ordinary person who is not wealthy, famous, or powerful a politician who portrays himself as a friend of the little man. Who's going to look out for the little man as insurers increasingly weasel out of paying claims? II. a tradesman or artisan operating on a small scale. III. the small, ordinary investor, as opposed to big investment institutions. IV.  (colloquial, endearing, term of address) A young boy. And how are you, my little man? Little man here is going to pour the milk himself. Watch how well he does it! The Napoleon complex 矮子情节, also known as Napoleon syndrome and short-man syndrome, is a purported condition normally attributed to men of short stature, with overly aggressive or domineering social behavior. It implies that such behavior is to compensate for the subject's physical or social shortcomings. Both commonly and in psychology, the Napoleon complex is regarded as a derogatory social stereotype. The Napoleon complex is named after Napoleon Bonaparte, the first emperor of the French, who was estimated to have been 5 feet 2 inches tall (in pre–metric system French measures), which equals around 1.67 metres, or just under 5 feet 6 inches in imperial measure. 15. clerical error [ˈklɛrɪkl] 文员的错误 an error made in copying or writing. clerical [ˈklɛrɪkl] 文员的 I. concerned with or relating to work in an office, especially routine documentation and administrative tasks. relating to the type of work usually done in an office, or to the work of a clerk. relating to work done in an office: a clerical job (= a job performing general office duties). a clerical error (= a mistake made in the office). "a clerical assistant". II. relating to the clergy. "he was still attired in his clerical outfit". bid informal I. a sentence or term of imprisonment. a stint in jail. I did my first bid at seventeen for assault, robbery, and burglary in the first degree. The sexual abuse of a child for years in the family home at the hands of her own mother and stepfather "defies any humanity", a judge has said. In a case in which the mother's own lawyer described as "confronting" and "disturbing", the girl was abused from the age of eight until her teens to "satisfy" her stepfather, who is now enduring a long bid in jail. II. an offer of a particular amount of money for something that is for sale: make a bid I made a bid of $150 for the painting. put in a bid She put in a bid of £69,000 for the flat, which was accepted. III. an offer to do something when you are competing with other people to do it: Sydney made a successful bid to host the Olympic Games. I gave the job to the contractors who made the lowest bid 竞价, 标的 (= who offered to do the work for the lowest amount of money). IV. an attempt to achieve or get something: bid for Her bid for re-election was unsuccessful. takeover bid The company has managed to fight off a hostile takeover bid (= an attempt by another company to take control of it). verb. I. to offer a particular amount of money for something that is for sale and compete against other people to buy it, especially at a public sale of goods or property: She knew she couldn't afford it, so she didn't bid. bid for 竞标, 出价 The communications group has shown an interest in bidding for the company. bid something for something A foreign collector has bid $500,000 for the portrait. What am I bid for this fine vase? II. If two or more people bid for a job 竞争上岗, they compete with each other to do the work by offering to do it for a particular amount of money: bid for The department is trying to ensure fairer competition among firms bidding for city contracts. III. If someone bids to do something, they compete with other people to do it: Paris is bidding 申办 竞选 to host the next Olympics. IV. (in some card games) to say, before play starts, how many points you expect to win in a particular game: Before you decide how to bid, you need to evaluate how strong the hand of cards you are holding is. She bid three diamonds. V. (过去式bid/bade, 过去分词bidden) to give a greeting to someone, or to ask someone to do something: They bade her good morning. bid someone/something farewell I must now bid you farewell (= say goodbye to you). literary She bade her hopes farewell (= she stopped being hopeful). [ + object + (to) infinitive ] He bade (= asked) them (to) leave at once.

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用法学习: 1. genre fiction 体裁小说, 通俗小说 fiction (= books or stories about imaginary characters and events) that is written according to a particular model or style, for example crime fiction, romantic fiction, or science fiction: These stories will be enjoyed by readers of both genre fiction and literary fiction. Genre fiction is usually written with a specific audience in mind. wiki: In the book-trade, genre fiction, also known as formula fiction, or commercial fiction, encompasses fictional works written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre. These labels also commonly imply that this type of fiction places more value on plot and entertainment than on character development, philosophical themes, or artistic depth. This distinguishes genre fiction from literary fiction 纯文学. The main genres are crime, fantasy, romance, science fiction and horror—as well as perhaps Western, inspirational and historical fiction. accrue [əˈkruː] 累积 I. to increase in number or amount over a period of time. or to get an amount of something gradually over time. If money or interest accrues or if you accrue it, it gradually increases in amount over a period of time. I owed £5,000–part of this was accrued interest. If you do not pay within 28 days, interest will accrue. Officials say the options will offer investors a longer time in which to accrue profits. Interest on this savings account accrues at the rate of 4 percent. Interest will accrue on the account at a rate of seven percent. Little benefit will accrue to the city (= it will receive little benefit) from the new transport links. II. to allow something to increase in amount over a period of time: By the time they leave, they'll have accrued a year's holiday pay. She has accrued $80,000 of student debt in her educational pursuit. III. if a payment or an advantage accrues to you, you receive it or have the right to receive it: accrue to sb 获得, 得到 If things such as profits or benefits accrue to someone, they are added to over a period of time. ...the expectation that profits will accrue. ...a project from which considerable benefit will accrue to the community. In many cases, the fee structure alone will exceed the tax benefits accrued. Building societies are mutually owned, and benefits accrue to members rather than shareholders. The school district is being criticized for allowing $74 million in vacation pay to accrue to school administrators and other nonteachers. 2. make waves I. 惹麻烦, 兴风作浪, 挑起事端. 挑事. 找麻烦. 惹是生非. 惹事. to be very active so that other people notice you, often in a way that intentionally causes trouble. to cause trouble; disturb the status quo It's probably not a good idea to start making waves in your first week in a new job. II. to shock or upset people with something new or different: When I started the job, a friend told me not to make waves because the managers didn't like people to disagree with them. surgical I. used for medical operations:  ...an array of surgical instruments. ...a pair of surgical gloves. surgical supplies/instruments/gloves, etc. II. involved in performing medical operations. Surgical treatment involves surgery. A biopsy is usually a minor surgical procedure. ...surgical removal of a tumor. In very severe cases, bunions may be surgically removed. surgical procedures/techniques/intervention. surgical staff. III. (of clothing) worn in order to treat a particular medical condition: a surgical shoe/collar/corset. IV. Surgical military actions 精准打击 are designed to destroy a particular target without harming other people or damaging other buildings near it. The government claim to have achieved a surgical strike against military targets. For a decade he has been adamant that Iran will never get a nuclear weapon. Iran decided to forego diplomacy in pursuit of a bomb. This is a surgical strike, operated perfectly. weigh I. to have a heaviness of a stated amount, or to measure the heaviness of an object: Yesterday a satellite weighing 15 tons was successfully placed in orbit. weigh yourself She weighs herself every week on the scales in the bathroom. Your luggage must be weighed before it is put on the aircraft. II. (of something such as a fact or an event) to have an influence or be important. to have an influence: The factor that weighed most heavily in her favor was her record of success as a lawyer. weigh with Easy access to a skilled workforce weighed heavily with us when we chose a site for the new factory. III. 掂量, 权衡. to carefully consider, especially by comparing facts or possibilities, in order to make a decision. to consider something carefully, esp. by comparing facts or possibilities, in order to make a decision: The judge told the jury to weigh the facts and the evidence. You have to weigh the advantage of early graduation against the disadvantage of being younger than everyone else. Only when we have weighed all the factors involved can we decide when would be the best time to start. be weighed against Economic benefits must be carefully weighed against the possible dangers of handling radioactive waste. While President Donald Trump weighs the single most consequential decision of his time in office so far — the possibility of US military intervention in Iran — he's also completing a personal project years in the making. weigh sth against sth The installation and operating costs have to be weighed against lost revenue. weigh benefits/factors/risks The network executives have to weigh all kinds of factors in their decisions. IV. weigh anchor 起锚 to lift the anchor (= a heavy metal object) of a ship from under the water so that it can move freely: When will the cruise ship weigh anchor? I don't want to get stuck on shore. weigh your words = weigh each word 推敲, 字斟句酌 to carefully think about everything you are going to say before you say it: He gave evidence to the court, weighing each word as he spoke. weigh a ton informal to be very heavy: What on earth have you got in this bag, Elaine? It weighs a ton! 3. impervious I. geology, engineering specialized not allowing liquid to go through: How does glue bond with impervious substances like glass and metal? II. If someone is impervious to something, they are not influenced or affected by something. not able to be influenced, hurt, or damaged: He seems to be impervious 不受影响的 to pain. Granite is almost impervious to acid-rain damage. impervious to He is impervious to 不屑一顾的 criticism and rational argument. That he's taking on such major White House building projects in his second term – after coming under fire for changes to the space during his first – reflects an emboldened Trump impervious to 不惧的 criticism. exculpatory [ekˈskʌl.pə.tər.i] 摆脱嫌疑的, 洗清罪责的, 洗清嫌疑的, 开脱罪责的 adj involving the removal of blame from someone. tending to clear from a charge of fault or guilt: Exculpatory evidence was ignored. He dismissed the exculpatory remarks concerning the woman's innocence. moribund [ˈmɒr.ɪ.bʌnd] 死水一潭的, 死水微澜的, 不活跃的, 死气沉沉的, 半死不活的 adj. formal disapproving (especially of an organization or business) not active or successful. used to describe a business, market, etc. that is not active or successful. If you describe something as moribund, you mean that it is in a very bad condition. ...the moribund economy. ...the moribund housing market. The figures show a moribund remortgage market. How can the department be revived from its present moribund state? remortgage [ˌriːˈmɔː.ɡɪdʒ] verb [ I or T ] (US refinance) to change the conditions of a mortgage (= agreement by which you borrow money to buy property), usually by increasing the amount you borrow. to replace a mortgage that you already have with a new mortgage, for example one with lower interest rates: Fears that interest rates might increase before the end of the year spurred homeowners to remortgage. remortgage your home/house/property. They remortgaged the family home in order to finance the business. Many borrowers remortgage every three or five years to take advantage of cheap fixed rates. Robin decided to remortgage his house to pay off his debts. noun. (US refinancing [ U ]) a mortgage (= an agreement by which you borrow money to buy property) that has different conditions to a previous one, usually by being for a larger amount: The building society will arrange a remortgage for a fee of £100. 340,000 loans and remortgages were granted to buy-to-let landlords in 2007. Our deal offers free valuation and free legal work on remortgages. remortgage deals/packages/schemes. spotty I. 斑斑点点的. 有斑点的. used to describe a person with spots on their skin:  abounding in or characterized by spots or marks, esp on the skin a spotty face. I knew him when he was just a spotty youth. II. (= UK patchy) 时好时坏的. bad in some parts. Something that is spotty does not stay the same but is sometimes good and sometimes bad. not consistent or uniform; irregular or uneven, often in quality He quit in 1981–had a spotty political career. His attendance record was spotty. She has a fairly spotty work record. Sales have picked up a little but they're still spotty. 4. diddler informal a person who cheats or swindles. diddle [ˈdɪdəl] verb informal I. (transitive) to cheat or swindle. to get money from someone in a way that is not honest: He diddled me! He said that there were six in a bag, but there were only five. I checked the bill and realized the restaurant had diddled me out of £5. to work with something in a way that is not serious, or to play with something: He diddled with the washing machine, but it still wouldn't work. I'm not much of a musician, I just like to diddle around. III. US very informal to have sex with someone: He's been diddling his secretary for years. II. (intransitive) an obsolete word for dawdle. dawdle [dɔːdəl] I. If you dawdle, you spend more time than is necessary going somewhere. Eleanor will be back any moment, if she doesn't dawdle. They dawdled arm in arm past the shopfronts. II. If you dawdle over something, you spend more time than is necessary doing something. He got fed up as bank staff dawdled over cashing him a cheque. ...pals who dawdle over coffee. "Pillion dink" refers to a motorcycle pillion passenger riding on a Kymco Super Dink motorcycle, specifically when referring to a backrest or sissy bar for increased comfort. It can also refer to a pillion backrest or support cushion for the Super Dink, Grand Dink, or other models. Pillion: This refers to the passenger seat on a motorcycle or scooter. Dink: In this context, "dink" specifically refers to the Kymco Super Dink model. Backrest/Sissy Bar: These are accessories that provide back support and comfort for the pillion passenger. A sissy bar 靠背, also called a "sister bar" or "passenger backrest", is an addition to the rear of a bicycle or motorcycle that allows the rider or passenger to recline against it while riding. Alternatively, it can serve as an anchor point or support for mounting luggage or equipment that is not part of the bike. They can serve as one of the main mounts securing the rear fender to the motorcycle. Over the years, the sissy bars have been a focal point of expression for the bike builder. Custom sissy bar designs can be simple or extravagant. They can be built for comfort, purpose, style or a combination of all three.  SHAD: SHAD is a manufacturer of motorcycle accessories, including backrests and sissy bars. So, "pillion dink" is essentially a way to describe a pillion passenger's comfort, often enhanced by a SHAD backrest or sissy bar, specifically when riding a Kymco Super Dink.  The term "dink" also has other meanings, including a gentle hit in pickleball, or a colloquial Australian term for a bicycle ride. However, in the context of motorcycles, it specifically refers to the Kymco Super Dink model. dink verb. I. to hit a ball gently and accurately: The midfielder then dinked a shot over the diving goalie and into the net. He ran at the ball at high speed and then tried to dink it over the line. The middle hitter dinked the ball behind the blockers. noun. I. a gentle and accurate hit of a ball: Both players only bothered to approach the net when the other played a little dink. At match point, she finessed a perfect dink across the net. II. abbreviation for double (or dual) income no kids: a member of a couple in which both partners earn money and have no children: DINKS are often the target of marketing for luxury items such as expensive cars and vacations. Most of my friends are single or DINK couples who do not live with their parents. DINK MARKETING informal abbreviation for double/dual income no kids: used to refer to either one of a couple who both have jobs and who have no children: Luxury goods are marketed to DINKs, who are more likely to have the disposable income needed. III. (Australia, colloquial) A ride on the crossbar or handlebars of a bicycle. I gave him a dink on my bike 汽车载人. verb. To carry someone on a pushbike: behind, on the crossbar or on the handlebar. 5. Second wind ( a return of strength or energy that makes it possible to continue in an activity that needs a lot of effort: I was tired, but I ignored it until I got my second wind. We started to feel we couldn't walk any further but when we saw the town in the distance we got our second wind.) is a phenomenon in endurance sports, such as marathons or road running (as well as other sports), whereby an athlete who is out of breath and too tired to continue (known as "hitting the wall 达到极限"), finds the strength to press on at top performance with less exertion. The feeling may be similar to that of a "runner's high", the most obvious difference being that the runner's high occurs after the race is over. In experienced athletes, "hitting the wall" is conventionally believed to be due to the body's glycogen stores being depleted, with "second wind" occurring when fatty acids become the predominant source of energy. The delay between "hitting the wall" and "second wind" occurring, has to do with the slow speed at which fatty acids sufficiently produce ATP (energy); with fatty acids taking approximately 10 minutes, whereas muscle glycogen is considerably faster at about 30 seconds. Some scientists believe the second wind to be a result of the body finding the proper balance of oxygen to counteract the buildup of lactic acid in the muscles. Others claim second winds are due to endorphin production. Heavy breathing during exercise also provides cooling for the body. After some time the veins and capillaries dilate and cooling takes place more through the skin, so less heavy breathing is needed. The increase in the temperature of the skin can be felt at the same time as the "second wind" takes place. The runner's high is a transient state of euphoria coupled with lessened feelings of anxiety and a higher pain threshold, which can come either from continuous moderate physical exertion over time or from short bursts of high-intensity exercise. The exact prevalence is unknown, but it seems to be a relatively rare phenomenon that not every athlete experiences. The name comes from distance running, and it is alternatively called "rower's high" in rowing. 6. hard up 手头拮据的, 手头紧的 having very little money: We're a bit hard up at the moment so we're not thinking about holidays. hard-up pensioners. having very little money: It is not only pensioners in villages who are hard up. Three hard-up governments are preparing to sell shares in state-owned assets in the next two weeks. be hard up (for sth) 需要, 欠缺, 缺少 to not have enough of something important or valuable: They're hard up for options because of their financial troubles. to not have enough of something important or valuable: If you're so hard up for friends, why don't you join a club? Lavalier [ˌlævəˈlɪə] microphone: A lavalier microphone or lavalier (also known as a lav, lapel [ləˈpel] 翻领 mic, clip mic, body mic, collar mic, neck mic or personal mic( Lavalier [ˌlævəˈlɪə] 别在领子上的麦克 I. a necklace chain with one jewelled pendant. II. a small microphone clipped to the user's clothing or (formerly) worn around the neck.)) is a small microphone used for television, interview and other studio applications to allow hands-free operation. They are most commonly provided with small clips for attaching to collars, ties, or other clothing. The cord may be hidden by clothes and either run to a radio frequency transmitter kept in a pocket or clipped to a belt, or routed directly to the mixer or a recording device. These miniature microphones are often supplied with a choice of push-on grills of differing lengths that provide gentle high-frequency boost by forming a resonant cavity. A peak of approximately 6 dB at 6–8 kHz is considered beneficial for compensating loss of clarity when chest-mounted, as is a peak of a few decibels at 10–15 kHz when mounted in the hair above the forehead. This method of boosting high frequencies does not worsen noise-performance, as electronic equalization would do. 7. unmet 得不到满足的 not satisfied, or achieved: These children have many unmet needs. The demand for affordable housing is largely unmet. Unmet needs 欲求未满, 没满足的需求 refer to situations where basic or essential requirements for well-being are not being adequately addressed or fulfilled. These can be physical, emotional, or social needs, and their lack can significantly impact an individual's health, development, and overall quality of life. More than a million older people now have at least one unmet need for social care, compared with 800,000 in 2010. Perhaps her greatest unmet need was for stimulation of her mind. Given the huge unmet need in this area, this should not be allowed. Our own projects have scratched the surface of a huge unmet need among older people, and the problem will only get worse. The combination of unmet need and disappointment so often then plays out as suppressed, or expressed, hostility. "Meet one's brief 满足需求, 满足要求, 达到要求" means to fulfill or satisfy the requirements of a set of instructions or responsibilities, especially in a professional or legal context. A brief can be a concise document outlining specific tasks or goals, or it can be the overall instructions given for a project or task. Meeting one's brief implies successfully completing or achieving what was assigned. A brief can refer to a concise summary, legal document (like a lawyer's brief), or a set of instructions. Brief as a Verb: To brief someone means to provide them with essential information, instructions, or updates. Meeting One's Brief: This phrase implies fulfilling the obligations or requirements outlined in the brief. It suggests a successful outcome or completion of the assigned tasks. In essence, "meeting one's brief" means successfully delivering on what was expected or requested. If a marketing team is given a brief to create an advertising campaign for a new product, meeting the brief would involve developing a campaign that successfully reaches the target audience, achieves the marketing objectives, and stays within the allocated budget and timeline. meet one's maker: to die —often used figuratively. meet one's doom: to die. meet one's fate: to die. meet one's match: to be opposed by someone as good as one is and who could defeat one. meet one's Waterloo: to be defeated. brief (one) on (someone or something) To tell one key information about someone or something, especially some imminent issue or situation. Please brief me on the candidate that I'll be interviewing this afternoon. Someone needs to brief the CEO on the investigation before he speaks to the media. Who is going to brief the president on the mass casualty incident? kleptomaniac [ˌklep.təˈmeɪ.ni.æk] 偷窃病, 偷盗狂 A kleptomaniac is a person who cannot control their desire to steal things, usually because of a medical condition. someone with a very strong wish to steal that they cannot control, usually considered to be a type of mental illness: I knew she was a kleptomaniac of extraordinary skill. He has severe kleptomaniac tendencies. rueful [ˈruː.fəl] 遗憾的 (deplorable, remorseful, regretful) adj. expressing sorrow or regret, especially when in a slightly humorous way. feeling sorry and wishing that something had not happened: "she gave a rueful grin". He turned away with a rueful laugh. in a way that shows that you are feeling sorry and wishing that something had not happened. If someone is rueful, they feel or express regret or sorrow in a quiet and gentle way. He shook his head and gave me a rueful smile. 'Our marriage was a mistake,' she said, looking rueful. "I wish we'd started six months earlier," he said ruefully. She shook her head and smiled ruefully. contrite [kənˈtraɪt] 悔过的, 悔悟. 懊悔的, 惭愧的 ( contrition [kən'trɪʃən] ) feeling very sorry and guilty for something bad that you have done. feeling regret and guilt for something bad that you have done: She seemed genuinely contrite when she apologized. a contrite apology/expression. If you are contrite, you are very sorry because you have done something wrong. She was instantly contrite. 'Oh, I am sorry! You must forgive me.' The next day he'd be full of contrition, weeping and begging forgiveness. He feels no contrition for what he did. Those involved in the crime have failed to express contrition. stickybeak noun. INFORMAL AUSTRALIAN I. 爱打听的人. 爱八卦的人. an inquisitive and prying person. II. 爱看热闹的人. An act of looking at or watching something, especially something which does not directly concern the one looking. Want me to have a stickybeak at that? Shall we take a stickybeak at that shop? verb. pry into other people's affairs. "I don't mean to stickybeak, but when is he going to leave?" tentatively 拿不准的, 拿不定主意的, 犹豫不决的, 不确定的, 犹疑不定的 I. in a way that shows you are not certain or confident. If someone is tentative, they are cautious and not very confident because they are uncertain or afraid. My first attempts at complaining were rather tentative. She did not return his tentative smile. "I have come to see Mrs Edgerton," she said tentatively. II. 暂时的. 暂定的. 临时的. in a way that may be changed later: The project, tentatively called Viva, is in the early design stages. The meeting has been tentatively scheduled for next week. Tentative agreements, plans, or arrangements are not definite or certain, but have been made as a first step. Political leaders have reached a tentative agreement. Such theories are still very tentative. The next round of talks is tentatively scheduled to begin in October. quizzical [ˈkwɪz.ɪ.kəl] 质疑的, 狐疑的, 面带疑问的 I. Questioning or suggesting puzzlement. II. Strange or eccentric. seeming to ask a question without saying anything: She gave me a quizzical look/glance/smile. If you give someone a quizzical look or smile, you look at them in a way that shows that you are surprised or amused by their behaviour. expressing slight uncertainty or amusement: a quizzical look/smile. He gave Robin a mildly quizzical glance. She looked at him quizzically. vocabulary: Quizzical usually means puzzled or questioning, though it can also mean confused, surprised, comical, or mocking. If someone's looking at you with a quizzical expression when you mention your summer, it might mean they don't know about your adventures at space camp. The word quiz tucked inside quizzical should help you remember the idea of questioning that this adjective often suggests. The word also comes in handy to describe being eccentric or odd, as well as skeptical or derisive. You raise a quizzical eyebrow every time you see me in my giant fur hat. Does that mean you don't like it? bill of goods I. a consignment of merchandise. II. something intentionally misrepresented. something passed off in a deception or fraud. sell someone a bill of goods 卖了一票货 = UK sell someone a pup to deceive someone into buying or believing something that has no value. 8. "Be it resolved 现已决定" is a phrase often used in formal contexts, particularly in meetings, to introduce a motion or decision that is being formally proposed and voted upon. It signifies the formalization of a decision or the expression of an opinion through a vote. It indicates that a group has reached a conclusion and is ready to take action or record their decision officially. The phrase is most commonly found in formal settings like legislative bodies, board meetings, or organizational gatherings.  It's a way of saying, "We have discussed this, and now we formally agree to the following..." or "We have decided the following...". Resolution: The phrase is closely linked to the concept of a "resolution," which is a formal expression of opinion or intention agreed upon by a legislative body, committee, or other formal assembly. In a meeting, after a discussion, someone might say, "Be it resolved that the council approves the new budget." This would be followed by a vote to formally adopt the budget. Therefore, be it RESOLVED - Pennsylvania Academy of Family Physicians. Therefore, be it RESOLVED. 9. demarcate [ˈdiː.mɑː.keɪt] 标线, 划线做标记, 标记, 标出来 (US also demark) to show the limits of something: Parking spaces are demarcated 标记 by white lines. If you demarcate something, you establish its boundaries or limits. A special U.N. commission was formed to demarcate the border. Responsibilities within the department are clearly demarcated. However, Thailand does not recognize the ICJ's jurisdiction and claims that some areas along the border were never fully demarcated, including the sites of several ancient temples. 电影: When it was released in 2005, Brokeback Mountain entered the collective consciousness in a way that is vanishingly rare 非常少见的, 极其罕见的 ( 越来越少的, 开始消失的. beginning to disappear: They expressed concern about the city's current budget crisis and its vanishing work force. Around here, window cleaners are a vanishing breed. ) for a film with queer subject matter 主题. Even non-cinephiles would have been aware of the "gay cowboy movie", as it was often described in the press, and the subsequent controversy when it lost the Academy Award for best picture to Crash, a clumsy crime film that now regularly appears on lists of the worst Oscar winners ever. For Ennis, the prospect of living in a gay relationship with Jack is simply too much to countenance [ˈkaʊntɪnəns] ( noun. I. the appearance or expression of someone's face: He was of noble countenance. Her countenance masked her feelings. II. approval 认可: give countenance to We will not give countenance to any kind of terrorism. lend countenance to I cannot find any authority which lends countenance to that theory. verb. to approve of or give support to something: This school will not countenance lateness 迟到. The school will not countenance bad behaviour.), so for the next 20 years, their passion is limited to sporadic fishing trips that are separate from their everyday lives. The men are affected by overt external homophobia: when Jack returns to Brokeback Mountain, he is told by a prejudiced rancher that there is no work there for men "who stem the rose", a deceptively elegant euphemism for gay sex. But ultimately, it is Ennis' deep-rooted internalised homophobia that thwarts their potential happiness. "As a piece of cinema, it remains as ravishing ( 美丽异常的. If you describe someone or something as ravishing, you mean that they are very beautiful. She looked ravishing/She was a ravishing sight in her wedding dress. She looked ravishing. ...driving through the ravishing scenery of Cumbria and Yorkshire. The Beaujolais hills are ravishingly pretty. ) and disarming ( 让人卸下心防的 making someone like you, especially when they had not expected to. making someone begin to like you: He had a disarming reason for arriving late – he was reading to his children.  He displayed a disarming honesty by telling them about his father's bankruptcy. With a disarming smile, O'Reilly tried to put her at ease.) as ever," Betancourt argues, "but as a pivot point for queer representation, it remains as singular but limiting as it was then." It is, after all, the story of two closeted gay or possibly bisexual men who "pass" as straight in their everyday lives. 10. Study load 学业, 课业 generally refers to the amount of coursework 课业量 a student is enrolled in during a specific period, often measured in credit points or equivalent full-time student load (EFTSL). It determines whether a student is considered full-time or part-time, and can impact things like tuition fees and eligibility for financial aid. Credit Points: Many universities use a system where each subject or course is assigned a certain number of credit points. The total credit points a student takes in a given period (e.g., a semester or year) determines their study load. Equivalent Full-Time Student Load (EFTSL): EFTSL is a standardized measure of a student's workload, often used to compare study loads across different institutions or courses. One EFTSL typically represents a full-time load for one year of study. Full-time vs. Part-time: A full-time study load is generally defined as a certain number of credit points or EFTSL per semester or year. Anything below this is typically considered part-time. Impact: Study load affects things like tuition fees, eligibility for financial assistance (like Austudy or Youth Allowance), and visa requirements for international students. At MIT, Netanyahu studied a double-load 修两个专业 while simultaneously taking courses 上课 at Harvard University, completing his bachelor's degree in architecture in two and a half years, despite taking a break to fight in the Yom Kippur War. Professor Leon B. Groisser at MIT recalled: "He did superbly. He was very bright. Organized. Strong. Powerful. He knew what he wanted to do and how to get it done." 11. open question 答案未知的问题 If something is an open question, people have different opinions about it and nobody can say which opinion is correct. a matter or problem that is being discussed but to which the answer is not yet known Whether voters will support him remains an open question.  He thought it was an open question whether sanctions would do any good. Open problem 没有解决的问题, 未解的问题, or open question, a known problem which can be accurately stated, and which is assumed to have an objective and verifiable solution, but which has not yet been solved. A problem that has been posed in a field of study such as mathematics or theoretical computer science, but whose answer is not yet known. capitulate [kəˈpɪtʃ.ə.leɪt] 认栽, 认怂, 认输 I. to accept military defeat: Their forces capitulated five hours after the bombardment of the city began. II. to accept something or agree to do something unwillingly: The sports minister today capitulated 妥协 to calls for his resignation. Tail risk(Tail risk refers to the risk of an asset or portfolio of assets moving more than three standard deviations from the mean, potentially leading to huge losses or gains.), sometimes called "fat tail risk", is the financial risk of an asset or portfolio of assets moving more than three standard deviations [ˌdiːvɪˈeɪʃn] from its current price, above the risk of a normal distribution. Tail risks include low-probability 低概率事件 events arising at both ends of a normal distribution curve, also known as tail events. However, as investors are generally more concerned with unexpected losses rather than gains, a debate about tail risk is focused on the left tail. Prudent 谨慎的 asset managers are typically cautious with the tail involving losses which could damage or ruin portfolios, and not the beneficial tail of outsized gains. The common technique of theorizing a normal distribution of price changes underestimates tail risk when market data exhibit fat tails, thus understating asset prices, stock returns and subsequent risk management strategies. acquiesce [ˌækwiˈes] (爱亏爱死) 无奈接受, 服从大局 to agree to something or to accept something, although you do not want to. If you acquiesce in something, you agree to do what someone wants or to accept what they do even though you may not agree with it. Steve seemed to acquiesce in the decision. He has gradually acquiesced to the demands of the opposition. When her mother suggested that she stay, Alice willingly acquiesced. acquiesce in/to: Despite acquiescing in the board's decision, he had never really changed his own view. John Bellinger, who was a legal adviser in the White House under President George W Bush, said: "Over the last several decades, Congress has acquiesced more and more in presidential uses of military force for a variety of purposes without congressional authorisation."

'Culture of disrespect': Australian teachers say students' behaviour is driving them from profession: Government review is welcome but teachers say their needs must be considered to arrest dramatic decline in retention 留置率 rates. It took three weeks for Amanda, whose name has been changed to protect her identity, to resign as a casual 临时工, 临时的 relief teacher 代课老师. Now in her 60s, Amanda has had teaching stints for decades, including time at remote communities in the Northern Territory. She thought this year's contract in Victoria would be a breeze. But she'd never experienced behaviour that was so poor. Every lesson 每一节课, a year 11 boy would repeatedly ask her if she was a "gooner" and was going to "goon" ( I. To masturbate for long periods of time without reaching a climax. II. (by extension, Internet slang) To masturbate. III. To legally kidnap a child and forcibly transport them to a boot camp, boarding school, wilderness therapy or a similar rehabilitation facility. IV.  ) – a colloquial phrase for masturbation – when she got home. During class, she found it impossible to get the attention of students, who would "refuse to shut their computers" and continued playing online games. "I was shattered," she says. "I just couldn't go back. What I experienced was a culture of total disrespect." This week, the federal government opened submissions for a review into bullying at Australian schools, with the aim of developing a nationally consistent 全国统一的回复 response. According to the Australian Council for Educational Research (Acer), Australia's disciplinary climate 管教学生 is significantly worse than the OECD average. Exposure to bullying is higher than all comparison 用以做比较的, 比较中的 countries ( "The comparison process involved scrutinizing data from different sources". Here, "comparison" modifies "process," indicating that it's the process of comparing. Example: "The comparison chart clearly showed the differences between the two products". Here, "comparison" modifies "chart," indicating it's a chart used for comparison. comparison [kəmˈpær.ɪ.sən] I. the act of comparing two or more people or things: make a comparison They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits. by comparison with By comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish. in comparison with Maxwell and Thorne is tiny in comparison with most other firms in the industry. II. the fact of considering something similar or of equal quality to something else: draw a comparison She drew a comparison between life in the army and life in prison. comparison between Comparison between the three groups is difficult as their backgrounds are very different. there's no comparison To my mind there's no comparison between the two restaurants (= one is much better than the other). bear comparison with He's a good writer but he doesn't bear comparison with Shakespeare (= he is not nearly as good as Shakespeare). stand comparison with 比得上, 比得起 It stands comparison with (= is about as good as) the best Japanese cars in its price range. comparative I. 使用比较作为研究方法的. comparing different things. Using comparison as a method of study, or founded on something using it. A comparative study is a study that involves the comparison of two or more things of the same kind. ...a comparative study of the dietary practices of people from various regions. ...a professor of English and comparative literature. comparative anatomy. She's carrying out a comparative study of health in inner cities and rural areas. comparative comfort/freedom/silence, etc. II. a situation that is comfortable, free, silent, etc. when compared to another situation or what is normal. You use comparative to show that you are judging something against a previous or different situation. For example, comparative calm is a situation which is calmer than before or calmer than the situation in other places. ...those who manage to reach the comparative safety of Fendel. The task was accomplished with comparative ease. ...a comparatively small nation. ...children who find it comparatively easy to make and keep friends. I enjoyed the comparative calm 比较的, 比较而言的 of his flat after the busy office. III. relating to the form of an adjective or adverb that expresses a difference in amount, number, degree, or quality: The comparative form 比较级形式 of "slow" is "slower". The comparative of 'pretty' is 'prettier'. comparable 有可比性的 similar in size, amount, or quality to something else: The girls are of comparable ages. Our prices are comparable to/with those in other shops. The two experiences aren't comparable. ), except Latvia. The government's review is focused on the experience of children, with evidence suggesting bullying is undermining student wellbeing, attendance, engagement and learning outcomes. But teachers say they're not immune from the impacts of behavioural issues. And they need support. Guardian Australia has spoken to more than a dozen teachers who have faced mental health issues or decided to exit the system due to the poor behaviour of students. One teacher, who is on stress leave after 20 years in the sector 教育界, says they used to face three or four difficult young boys in class. It had since grown to almost half. Another former teacher in north-west New South Wales recently medically retired due to repeat instances of bullying and violence by students and parents across multiple schools. He says the schools would fail to respond to suspension guidelines and appropriate child-safety plans. "I'd report violence, assault and drug use and nothing would happen," he says. The proportion of Australian teachers reporting they plan to leave the profession jumped from less than a quarter in 2020 (22.25%) to more than a third (34.21%) in 2022, data from the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL) has found. And the reasons are multifaceted 多方面的. A Deakin University study into the turnover rates of teachers, published this year, found emotional demands and experiences of work-related violence were strongly associated with an intention to leave the profession. Dr Mark Rahimi, a psychosocial researcher at Deakin University, says a shift towards more "teacher-centred" policies, that recognise the profession as "complex emotional and intellectual work" is needed. "This means examining how the pressures and challenges teachers experience daily, the levels of respect and recognition they receive, and the support they are given in their work are shaped by policies and decisions at both the school and systemic level," he says. Workloads also play a factor. One teacher retired this year after experiencing "out of control" behaviour at a government school in Sydney when numbers exceeded capacity. "We had teachers punched, pushed, spit on, name-called, intimidated," he says. "A woman on canteen duty who was in a wheelchair was surrounded by 10 year-nine boys. "We had no CCTV, so no evidence of what was happening on the playground each day." Another high school teacher with three decades of experience temporarily retired in 2020, "exhausted and disillusioned". After the floods in northern New South Wales, she returned to work in 2023. "I was verbally abused more times than I had experienced in all my previous teaching years," she says, citing sexual harassment and physical intimidation, including being referred to as a "poxy [worthless] skank ( skank US slang disapproving a promiscuous girl or woman. an unpleasant person, especially a woman who has sex with a lot of different people. skunk I. 北美臭鼬 a small, black and white North American animal that makes a strong, unpleasant smell as a defence when it is attacked. a small, furry, black-and-white animal with a large tail, which makes a strong, unpleasant smell as a defense when it is attacked. II. US slang disapproving 令人生厌的人 an unpleasant person: He was an oily, opportunistic skunk. )". "The pervading culture is misogynistic … what keeps me going is my belief that there are many kids who are also suffering … and that we teachers can and do make a difference." Other teachers still in the system are unable to speak out due to Department of Education employee guidelines, but say they are experiencing daily verbal abuse from students and, often, their parents. They've pointed to a significant shift post-Covid lockdowns, with dropping attendance and a decline in respect for the profession, exacerbated by the continued underfunding of public schools. "I have been punched, kicked, grabbed, slapped, pushed, head-butted and stabbed with a pencil all within the last 12 months," one teacher says. "The system is very broken." Senior lecturer at Monash university's school of education, Dr Fiona Longmuir, says the retention issue is "massive", particularly for mid-career teachers who are the most likely to indicate a desire to leave the profession. "We can keep recruiting until the cows come home ( till/until the cows come home for a very long time: You can crank the engine until the cows come home, but it won't start without fuel. I could sit here and argue with you till the cows come home, but it wouldn't solve anything. Usage notes: The phrase is often used to describe activities regarded as futile or unproductive. Etymology: Possibly from the fact that cattle let out to pasture may be only expected to return for milking the next morning; thus, for example, a party that goes on “until the cows come home” is a very long one. The phrase was first coined by John Dunton in 1691 in his account of Ireland: in Teague Land: or A Merry Ramble to the Wild Irish (1698) he says “on Sundays and Holydays, all the people resorted with the piper and fiddler to the village green. Where the young folk dance till the cows come home", probably because the Irish would often bring their cows into their homes at night as mentioned by Dunton. ), but if we're not keeping teachers in the job and keeping them healthy and sustaining … we're just pouring water into a leaking bucket," she says. Longmuir describes the problem as "death by 1,000 paper cuts". Teachers are passionate about their job, but they're demoralised, and their time and energy is increasingly being directed away from the bread and butter of teaching. "They can't switch off, particularly with the increasingly complex and demanding needs of young people who we know are struggling – probably more than they ever have before," she says. "They're also seeing a lack of respect [towards teachers] in the public discourse. We've lost this sense of shared responsibility … as we're seeing decreasing respect across the community." Longmuir says what teachers, and students, are "crying out for" is more sector-wide effort 全部门内的 to foster care and connection in schools. "We've had such pressure for schools to be good at achievement in certain narrow areas … and those pressures have increased over the years," she says. "We need to make more room for kids to have fun and connect and for teachers to be able to find joy in the work that they do." One teacher, who's been in the profession for more than a decade and currently teaches at a private boys school, used to love his job. He has a file of thank you notes from students and parents. The issue, he says, is children are less eager to learn. I loved being a principal, but Australia has grown complacent about the growing violence directed at educators. "Managing the behaviour of a vocal minority in every class takes up more and more time and – crucially – more and more of the teacher's emotional energy," he says. "Their attention spans get shorter and shorter by the year, something most teachers anecdotally attribute to mobile phone use and 'TikTok brain'." He says "rudeness, defiance and a lack of basic respect" – especially towards female teachers from boys – is persistent. He worries about the rise of the "manosphere", popularised by figures like Andrew Tate. "I have – more than once – been physically threatened by students to beat me up," he says. "I'm under the care of a psychologist as a result of the stress. I've been advised that the best course of action for my mental health is to retire but I can't afford to. "Teachers need far more support … We deal with dozens of students at a time and many of them have poor impulse control. We're legally responsible for their safety. But who's taking care of ours?"