buzzy;

用法学习: 1. buzzy [ˈbʌz.i] 讨论度高的, 最后活力, 最有人气, 最多人讨论的 I. exciting, especially because a lot of people are present and a lot of things are happening. If a place, event, or atmosphere is buzzy, it is lively, interesting, and modern. The cafe has an intimate but buzzy atmosphere. There's always a buzzy atmosphere in the restaurant. it describes something generating a lot of excited conversation, media attention, or anticipation.  "There's always a buzzy atmosphere in that new restaurant," or "That was a buzzy new movie". After signing dozens of books and happily posing for selfies with excited fans from his sold-out Sydney Writers' Festival discussion about one of the year's buzziest books, there are two things about which I'm gagging to ask man-of-the-moment Josh Silver before he's whisked off by publicists to continue his packed tour. Buzz has built on both sides of the globe. It was named one of the BBC's 12 must-reads for 2026 and ABC Arts listed it in April's top reads.. II. making a continuous low sound, like that of a bee (= a yellow and black insect that makes honey and can sting you): Despite the sound check, the sound started off buzzy and hissy. The buzzy engines generate lots of noise and vibration. a buzzy bee. 2. homestead 农耕用地 I. mainly US a house and the surrounding area of land, usually used as a farm. a house and the surrounding area of land, esp. land obtained from the government which is lived on and used for farming. II. in the past, land given by the government for farming. in the past, to build a house and grow crops on land given by the government. Developers are on the verge of taking over the family homestead. III. property that is your permanent home and not a second home or property that you rent to someone else: In some states your homestead can't be touched by creditors - no matter when it was purchased. 3. the field 现场 a place where you are working or studying in real situations, rather than from an office, laboratory, etc.: He was a working reporter in the field, not some anchorman in a studio. I spoke to an aid worker who had recently returned from the field. You'll find that things aren't as straightforward out in the field as they are in the classroom. I had thought that most of my time as an archaeologist would be in the field, not behind a desk at a museum. take the field 上场 to go onto the field at the start of a game: There were loud cheers as the Irish team took the field. field 领域 an area of activity or interest: He became very successful in the the field of history/science/medicine. Are you still in the same field 这一行 (= are you doing the same type of work)? not be your field (also be outside your field) to be something you do not know much about: Programming really isn't my field - you'd better ask Phil. field 竞争对手 all the competitors taking part in a race or activity: The race started with a field of eleven, but two horses fell. The cross-country race started with a field of 85 competitors. strong field We have a strong field this afternoon. ahead of the field 领先其他所有选手 Jones finished ahead of the field. field verb. I. to catch or pick up the ball after it has been hit in a game such as cricket or baseball, and to try to prevent the other team from scoring: He fielded 抢到球 the ball well. Our team is fielding first. II. to deal with a question, often by not answering it directly: He fielded some awkward questions very skilfully. III. to have or produce a team of people to take part in an activity or event. To field also means to have a person or a team play a sport: The university fields teams in 14 sports. The company fielded a group of experts to take part in the conference. In May alone, Ukraine's Min­istry of Defence cer­ti­fied 175 new weapons sys­tems for oper­a­tional use, nearly 93 per cent of them designed and built entirely within Ukraine. Ger­many approved fewer than 20 new sys­tems in the whole of 2024 – its fast­est year on record. The US fields up to five new plat­forms per year, with pro­cure­ment cycles that aver­age a dec­ade. someone's field of vision 视野 the whole area that someone can see. leave the field open for someone =UK leave the field clear for sb 给其他人让路 to stop competing with someone, making it possible for them to succeed: John decided not to apply for the job, which left the field open for Emma. 3. pay someone no mind 别管他, 不理会, 别搭理, 别理("Don't bother with him": slightly more dismissive, natural in speech. "Just ignore him.": plain and direct. "Don't pay him any attention". "Don't mind him" — softer, sometimes used when someone is being odd or annoying but not malicious. "Don't engage with him" — more formal, often used in writing or advice contexts. Don't worry about him. ) to refuse to listen to what someone is saying or to notice what someone is doing. To ignore someone or something. Don't sweat it. Pay no mind. Don't sweat his malarkey. Pay him no mind. "My friend said, Arch Linux is gay." "There's just a weird group of Arch haters that've been hanging around the forum for a couple months now. Pay no mind" He kept talking but she paid him no mind. Throngs of office workers would stream past, eyes fixed to phones or dead ahead – anywhere but the dishevelled young man in front of them. He paid them no mind. He'd return from breakfast, a bag of breadcrumbs in hand, and head straight to the flock of pigeons that also called the St James tunnel home. The routine was so ingrained that Joe Trueman, a former rough sleeper who now busks at the tunnel, coined a nickname for hi: the birdman. interminable [ɪnˈtɜː.mɪ.nə.bəl] 无休止的, 无尽的, 没完没了的 continuing for too long and therefore boring or annoying: If you describe something as interminable, you are emphasizing that it continues for a very long time and indicating that you wish it was shorter or would stop. ...an interminable meeting. an interminable delay. He talked to me interminably about his first wife. his interminable stories. One day last December, as Sydney sweltered through its interminable heatwave, the ritual stopped. 4. swivel [ˈswɪv.əl] 定点旋转 verb. I. to (cause to) turn around a central point in order to face in another direction. turning around a central point to face in another direction: a swivel chair. a swivel lamp. She swivelled her chair round and stared out across the back lawn. His chairs can swivel, but they can't move up or down. She swivelled round to look out of the window. The ostrich swivelled its head in our direction. II. to turn around from a fixed point in order to face in another direction, or to turn something in this way. If you swivel in a particular direction, you turn suddenly in that direction. He swivelled round to face Sarah. Kennedy swiveled around in his seat. He swiveled his face toward Jack. III. If your head 转头, 扭头 or your eyes swivel in a particular direction or if you swivel them in a particular direction, you quickly look in that direction. Roger swivelled his head to look at her. swivel-eyed 眼珠乱转的, 疯狂的, 极端的 informal UK an insulting way to describe someone as crazy or as having very extreme ideas. To describe someone who is crazy, unhinged, or holds extreme, fanatical views. It implies that a person’s eyes appear to move wildly or erratically, projecting a crazed, irrational expression typically driven by intense anger, obsession, or fanaticism The press has characterized him as a swivel-eyed fanatic. 'Swivel-eyed loons' insult helped us to achieve Brexit: Swivel-eyed. We Eurosceptics were always supposed to be swivel-eyed. Sometimes when our detractors really meant to insult us, they'd call us swivel-eyed loons. David Cameron echoed this insult when prime minister. call someone up 征用, 征召, 调令 I. to order someone to join a military organization or to ask someone to join an official, especially national, team. to order someone to join the armed forces or to start taking part in a military operation: He was called up at the beginning of the war. He was called up when the war began. Lucie Saint was called up for the final against Brazil. Clarke has a core of solid citizens, with a dash of youth. The 20-year-old Findlay Curtis was his youngest choice, until Billy Gilmour was ruled out and Tyler Fletcher, 19, a veteran of just 17 minutes of league football, was called up. Tyler Fletcher's late call-up lowered the squad's average age, but they remain one of the oldest teams at the World Cup. II. to telephone someone: He used to call me up in the middle of the night . I just wanted to call up and say "thanks." call something up 调出, 搜出 to find and show information on a computer screen. to find and show information on a computer screen: Airplane mechanics use laptops and a wireless network that can instantly call up repair manuals, parts lists, airplane records, etc. You can use the search facility to call up all the occurrences of a particular word in a document. call-up 召唤 = US also draft I. an order to join a military organization: December has been one of the heaviest months for call-ups of National Guard members. She was very upset when her boyfriend received his call-up (papers). II. an invitation to play in an official, especially national, team: Le Tissier was delighted when he received his England call-up. 5. prosaic [prəˈzeɪ.ɪk] 单调, 无聊, 枯燥, 乏味, 没趣 without interest, imagination, and excitement. ordinary and not especially interesting or unusual:If only she'd been called Camilla or Flavia instead of the prosaic Jane. He asked if I'd got my black eye in a fight - I told him the prosaic truth that I'd banged my head on a door. Only a few prosaic tables and chairs remained by the time we got to the auction. His instructor offered a more prosaic explanation for the surge in interest. The truth is more prosaic. Arabian jam is also known as angels' hair preserve, or more prosaically as carrot jam. His father wrote briefly and prosaically. the mainstay of something 支柱, 主要支撑, 主要部分, 最基础的部分, 最基本的东西, 最重要的东西 the most important part of something, providing support for everything else. a chief support. agriculture is a mainstay of the economy 支柱. Fish and rice were the mainstays of the country's diet. This principle of collective bargaining has been a mainstay in labor relations in this country. Cattle farming is the mainstay of the country's economy. The white blouse will be the mainstay of your wardrobe this summer. In the early 1900s, farming was the mainstay of the national economy. Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for many infections. How I found bliss in dish No. 140 at Huong Viet: I hadn't really planned this lunch­time trip to the Eden Cen­ter in Falls Church. It just fell into place 自然而然的发生, 事赶事就碰巧了 through a pro­cess of elim­in­a­tion. The Eden Cen­ter main­stay reminded me to look for the ecstatic in the pro­saic 小确幸. How a Vietnamese hot pot dish reminded me to look for joy in small moments 小确幸. 6. rudderless [ˈrʌd.ə.ləs] 漫无目的的, 没有方向的, 迷惘的, 没有目标的 (of an organization) without anyone in control and therefore unable to take decisions. A country or a person that is rudderless does not have a clear aim or a strong leader to follow. The country was politically rudderless for almost three months. ...a feeling in the country that the Government was drifting rudderless. triumphalism [trʌɪˈʌmfəlɪz(ə)m] describes an attitude or behavior characterized by boastful pride, arrogance, and the feeling of superiority. It typically applies when someone celebrates a victory, dominance, or the success of their nation, religion, or ideology in a way that is intended to show off or upset those who have been defeated. The attitude or belief that a particular doctrine, culture, or social system, particularly a religious or political one, is superior and that it will or should triumph over all others. triumphalist 洋洋自得, 洋洋得意的 adj. disapproving showing pleasure and satisfaction because you have won or done better than someone. Triumphalist behaviour is behaviour in which politicians or organizations celebrate a victory or a great success, especially when this is intended to upset the people they have defeated. ...a triumphalist celebration of their supremacy. a triumphalist victory parade. The government became alarmed by the triumphalist tone of his comments. noun. someone who shows pleasure and satisfaction because they have won or done better than someone: He accused the bishop himself of being a triumphalist. Market triumphalists see lower taxes as a sort of medicine that cures all ills. lacuna [ləˈkjuː.nə] 欠奉的部分, 缺失的部分, 缺席的部分, 没写的部分, 没有提及的部分 plural lacunae or lacunas an absent part, especially in a book or other piece of writing. If you say that there is a lacuna in something such as a document or a person's argument, you mean that it does not deal with an important issue and is therefore not effective or convincing. There are still major lacunae in the material available. There are other gaps, too. While he has been voci­fer­ous on Rus­sia's viol­a­tion of Ukrain­ian sov­er­eignty, he has said very little of sim­ilar crimes in the Middle East; on the world-his­toric chal­lenge of decar­bon­iz­a­tion, the silence is near abso­lute. The lacunae are not wholly unsur­pris­ing. In Mr. van Mid­de­laar's Machiavel­lian world­view, every crisis arrives as a bolt from the blue, both unan­nounced and unset­tling. 7. crowning (不能做表语 [predicative adjective] "that moment was crowning", "that achievement is crowning", 只能做定语 [attributive adjective]: "his crowning achievement", "her crowning moment","the crowning glory") adj. A crowning event or achievement is a particularly good or important one. being the best or most successful part of an activity or life: crowning achievement 伟大的, 加冕的, 封神的, 封王的 the crowning achievement of her long career. The concert was a crowning moment for the performer. Building the team into a winner was the crowning achievement of Rory's coaching career. When the spine-tingling trailer for Disclosure Day was released, with a "Story by Steven Spielberg" credit hinting at how close the scenario was to his heart, many of us hoped that the 79-year-old would deliver a career-crowning masterpiece: his profound last word on a question he has been thinking about and researching for most of his life. spine-tingling 令人激动的, 特别的, 让人脊背发凉的 very special and exciting. A spine-tingling film or piece of music is enjoyable because it causes you to feel a strong emotion such as excitement or fear. It was a spine-tingling and stylish thriller. ...a spine-tingling rendition of the love song. Watching Bolt win the Olympic hundred metres was one of those spine-tingling moments. boffin [ˈbɒfɪn] 科技怪咖 a British slang term for a scientist, engineer, or other person engaged in technical or scientific research and development. A "boffin" was viewed by some in the regular military or government services as odd, quirky or peculiar, though quite bright and essential to helping in the war effort through having and developing the key ideas leading to transformative military capabilities. Boffin is a primarily British, Australian, and informal term for a scientist, engineer, or technical expert. It often implies someone deeply engrossed in complex research, sometimes to the exclusion of other social or practical interests. a scientist who is considered to know a lot about science and not to be interested in other things: a technical/computer boffin. Josh O'Connor stars as Daniel, a cyber-security boffin who works for a powerful organisation called Wardex. The organisation was set up to keep information about aliens secret – so, yes, on one level Disclosure Day is a rehash of Men in Black, except without the jokes. Another plot strand 另一条故事线 features Emily Blunt as Margaret, a perky weather forecaster who suddenly finds that she can speak every language on Earth, plus one or two from elsewhere. 8. villain of the piece 大坏人, 大坏蛋, 麻烦的根源, 麻烦的核心 The villain of the piece is someone or something that is seen as being the cause of trouble on a particular occasion. If you say that someone is the villain of the piece, you are saying in a slightly humorous way that they are seen by some people as the cause of all the trouble in a particular situation. If Mr Denny is indeed the villain of the piece, as the police claim he is, he should have been more carefully watched. When the minister was forced to resign, the press was generally seen as the villain of the piece. existential [ˌeɡ.zɪˈsten.ʃəl] I. relating to a philosophy (= system of ideas) according to which the world has no meaning and each person is alone and completely responsible for his or her own actions: existential argument. existential philosopher. existential dread. His latest offering is a novel of existential dread. II. relating to existence or being alive: Existential questions requiring religious answers still persist. existential threat The biggest existential threat to humanity is probably still nuclear war. existential challenge This remote part of Western Australia represents a serious existential challenge. III. You use existential to describe fear, anxiety, and other feelings that are caused by thinking about human existence and death. 'What if there's nothing left at all?' he cries, lost in some intense existential angst 生死攸关的, 危机生存的. He said a future US administration would not come to Australia's aid in the event of an "existential attack" and would only assist in a military conflict if its own assets on Australian soil were threatened. Existential Dread/Angst: An overwhelming sense of unease, freedom, or meaninglessness that arises when contemplating the human condition, death, or isolation. Existential Crisis: A period of intense questioning where an individual intensely doubts the fundamental meaning, purpose, or value of their life. Existential Threat: A danger so severe that it threatens the very survival of humanity or a specific entity (e.g., climate change or nuclear war). vocabulary: If something is existential, it has to do with human existence. If you wrestle with big questions involving the meaning of life, you may be having an existential crisis. Existential can also relate to existence in a more concrete way. For instance, the objections of your mother-in-law may pose an existential threat to the continuation of your Friday night card game. Often the word carries at least a nodding reference to the philosophy of existentialism associated with Kierkegaard, Nietzsche 尼采, Sartre 萨特, and others, which emphasizes the individual as a free agent responsible for his actions. Existentialism is a 20th-century intellectual movement—championed by thinkers like Jean-Paul Sartre and Friedrich Nietzsche—built on the core idea that existence precedes essence. This means humans exist first, without a pre-determined nature, and must actively forge their own identity, purpose, and values through personal choices and actions. 9. prostration [prɒsˈtreɪ.ʃən] 俯伏, 拜倒, 衰竭, 筋疲力尽, 虚脱 I. the act or position of lying with the face down and arms stretched out, especially as a sign of respect or worship: Approaching the main statue, he threw himself in full prostration before it. Some people performed prostrations, a sign of respect for the teacher. "The notion that extended nuclear deterrence justifies our prostration – that the US really would be prepared to sacrifice San Francisco for Sydney, let alone Miami for Melbourne – is, and always has been, a ludicrous delusion," Evans told the inquiry. II. the state of having no strength or ability to do anything, for example because you are very ill, very tired, or very upset: She was in a bad state of exhaustion, approaching prostration. It is a severe, flu-like illness, with fever, headache, muscle pain, and prostration. prostrate [ˈprɒs.treɪt] adj. I. lying with the face down and arms stretched out, especially as a sign of respect or worship. If you are lying prostrate, you are lying flat on the ground, on your front. Percy was lying prostrate, his arms outstretched and his eyes closed. She lay there prostrate, exhausted after a long day's work. II. (also = prostrated) having lost all strength or all determination because of an illness or an extremely bad experience. If someone is prostrate, they are so distressed or affected by a very bad experience that they are unable to do anything at all. Immediately after my father's death my stepmother was prostrate. I was prostrate with grief. ...his country's prostrate economy. A woman, prostrate with grief, lay wailing on the ground. prostrate yourself 匍匐在地, 拜服再低, 拜倒 to lie with the face down and arms stretched out, especially as a sign of respect or worship. If you prostrate yourself, you lie down flat on the ground, on your front, usually to show respect for God or a person in authority. They prostrated themselves before their king. 10. repository [rɪˈpɒz.ɪ.tər.i] I. 存物库. 储物间. 储藏室 a place where things are stored and can be found. a place where things are stored: A church in Moscow became a repository for police files. a nuclear waste repository. II. 知识库. 知识源泉. a person who has, or a book that contains, a lot of information or detailed knowledge. A repository of information is a person or group of people who know a lot of information about a particular place or subject. The repository of all knowledge in the small town was the barman of the local pub. She's a repository of knowledge about our family history. The proverbs amounted to a repository of wisdom. cede [siːd] 割让 (recede 退让, secede 分裂) If someone in a position of authority cedes land or power to someone else, they let them have the land or power, often as a result of military or political pressure. to allow someone else to have or own something, especially unwillingly or because you are forced to do so. to give control or possession of something, esp. land to someone else, often unwillingly or because forced to do so: New Orleans was ceded to Spain in 1763. She says that she is finally learning to delegate, though she's still reluctant to cede control. cede sth to sb The United States has already ceded its dominance of mass production manufacturing to low-wage countries. Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the Opium War. Only a short campaign took place in Puerto Rico, but after the war Spain ceded the island to America. The wars resulted in the cession of all French territories to the British. There were no major land cessions in the territories of Arizona and New Mexico. Ceded territory is land that has been officially and legally transferred from one state or sovereign entity to another, usually through a treaty. The term most frequently applies to international boundary transfers (such as the Louisiana Purchase) or to Indigenous lands transferred to governments via treaties, where the original inhabitants often retained specific use rights. But Radachowsky and other researchers have warned for years that illegal cattle smuggling has quickened 加速 the return of screwworm to its ceded territory in Central America. It has since spread northward to Mexico, Texas and, as of this week, New Mexico. note: The act of cession [ˈseʃ.ən] is the assignment of property to another entity. In international law it commonly refers to land transferred by treaty. Ballentine's Law Dictionary defines cession as "a surrender; a giving up; a relinquishment of jurisdiction by a board in favor of another agency." In contrast with annexation, where property is forcibly seized, cession is voluntary or at least apparently so. recede [rɪˈsid] 退却, 退下, 退让, 退走 I. to move further away into the distance, or to become less clear. to move further away into the distance, or to become less clear or less bright: As the boat picked up speed, the coastline receded into the distance until finally it became invisible. The painful memories gradually receded in her mind. McLaughlin expects to go home again when the flood waters recede. If a man has a receding hairline, he is losing the hair from the front of his head. II. If a man has a receding hairline, he is losing the hair from the front of his head. III. to get lower in value, amount, or number: Opposition to privatisation and foreign investment is receding in response to the shock of recession. Although oil prices receded somewhat in June, they rose again this week. secede [sɪˈsiːd] 独立, 分裂. ( secession [sɪsˈeʃ.ən]) I. to become independent of a country or area of government: There is likely to be civil war if the region tries to secede from the south. II. to decide not to continue to be part of a larger group or organization: The American Civil War began when the South seceded from the Union. 11. sterile [ˈster.aɪl] I. 失去生育能力的, 绝育的. 不能生育的. (of a living being) unable to produce young, or (of land) unable to produce plants or crops: It was a small oasis surrounded by sterile desert. Mules are usually sterile. One of the side effects of the drug could be to make men sterile. A century later, Coquerel's complaint met an answer. American entomologists Edward F. Knipling and Raymond Bushland found that bombarding New World screwworm pupae with gamma rays would render the males sterile. The two theorized that flooding the wild with the irradiated, impotent flies could extinguish the species entirely. Texas Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller has been a critic of the US response to screwworm, demanding that the USDA begin using the Screwworm Adult Suppression System (SWASS), a type of pesticide and bait, in addition to sterile fly releases. The New World screwworm fly was the first species on which the sterile insect technique was tested and then applied in a natural environment, resulting in the control and systematic eradication of this species from the United States. II. 没有想象力的. having no imagination, new ideas, or energy. lacking in imagination, ideas, or enthusiasm: Suburban housing developments are often sterile environments. a sterile argument. III. completely clean and free from dirt and bacteria: The operation must be carried out under sterile conditions. Medical equipment must be kept sterile. 12. Networking events bring people together to connect, share ideas, and build lasting business relationships. They’re not just about swapping business cards — they’re about creating genuine connections that can help your business grow. Whether you're a sole trader, a start-up finding your feet, or an established SME, networking gives you the chance to meet others who understand the challenges and opportunities of running a business. It's about finding support, sharing knowledge, and being part of a community that wants to see you succeed. At their heart, networking events are organised gatherings where professionals come together to make connections. They can range from structured corporate networking events with set agendas, to relaxed local business networking groups where conversations flow naturally over coffee. The purpose is simple: to build relationships that could lead to opportunities, whether that's new clients, collaborations, or simply advice from someone who's been there before. Unlike faceless online platforms, face-to-face networking adds a human touch that builds trust much quicker. Some events are industry-specific, while others are open to all types of businesses. What matters is finding the style that feels right for you — whether that's a relaxed business networking event in Kent or a more formal setting. 13. In macroeconomics and international finance, a country's current account 经常收支, 经常账 records the value of exports and imports of both goods and services and international transfers of capital. It is one of the two components of the balance of payments, the other being the capital account (also known as the financial account). Current account measures the nation's earnings and spendings abroad and it consists of the balance of trade, net primary income or factor income (earnings on foreign investments minus payments made to foreign investors) and net unilateral transfers, that have taken place over a given period of time. The current account balance is one of two major measures of a country's foreign trade (the other being the net capital outflow). A current account surplus indicates that the value of a country's net foreign assets (i.e. assets less liabilities) grew over the period in question, and a current account deficit indicates that it shrank. Both government and private payments are included in the calculation. It is called the current account because goods and services are generally consumed in the current period. In macroeconomics and international finance, the capital account 资本与金融收支, also known as the capital and financial account, records the net flow of investment into an economy. It is one of the two primary components of the balance of payments, the other being the current account. Whereas the current account reflects a nation's net income, the capital account reflects net change in ownership of national assets. A surplus in the capital account means money is flowing into the country, but unlike a surplus in the current account, the inbound flows effectively represent borrowings or sales of assets rather than payment for work. A deficit in the capital account means money is flowing out of the country, and it suggests the nation is increasing its ownership of foreign assets. The term "capital account" is used with a narrower meaning by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and affiliated sources. The IMF splits what the rest of the world calls the capital account into two top-level divisions: financial account and capital account, with by far the bulk of the transactions being recorded in its financial account. 14. draw something down I. to take an amount of money that has been made available: We took out a bank loan which allowed us to draw down sums of money as we needed them. II. to use part of a supply of goods; to reduce the number or amount of something: The stocks of ammunition were drawn down to almost zero. The president is discussing how quickly we should draw down our troops in the area. III. = draw down on sth to take part of an amount of money that has been made available: We took out a bank loan which allowed us to draw down sums of money as we needed them. Some of the money would come from federal money that the state is entitled to but has not drawn down. Fund managers drew down on cash reserves and bet that the bull market would continue through the summer. IV. to reduce a supply of goods, or to be reduced: Consumers continue to draw down inventories of aluminum, copper, and other metals at London Metal Exchange warehouses. During the next 100 years, US coal reserves will draw down significantly. drawdown I. a situation in which someone takes an amount of money that has been made available. a situation in which someone takes an amount of money that has been made available: a drawdown facility/plan/scheme The income drawdown plan allows you to keep your fund invested after retirement while you draw an annual income from it. Overpayments are available for drawdown at any time. One of the big dangers of income drawdown is that funds can be seriously eroded if too much income is taken out. drawdown of There was no record of a drawdown of funds from the account. drawdown from The assembly approved a $400 million drawdown from the state's emergency fund. The income drawdown plan allows you to keep your fund invested in the stock market after retirement while you draw an annual income from it. II. a planned reduction in the number of soldiers in an area: There is likely to be a phased drawdown 撤军 of US forces. Some level of troop drawdown is expected because of the strain on military reserves. III. the act of using part of a supply of something, or the amount that is used: a drawdown in sth The situation is so tight for the product and we continue to see a drawdown in stock levels. Domestic gas stocks had declined to 37% of capacity, which was a larger drawdown than analysts had expected. China is dialing back operations at the plants that turn crude oil into feedstock for materials such as plastics. And Beijing is beginning to draw down 动用 reserves. But the mystery can't be fully explained by drawdowns in China's reserves of oil. It was only in May that Chinese users began to meaningfully pull from the nation's various crude inventories, starting at about 500,000 barrels a day, says maritime risk and intelligence firm Vortexa. The U.S. drew down just over one million barrels a day from commercial crude-oil stocks last week. IV. a reduction in the value of an investment below its highest point: The fund has had two large drawdowns this year and is £9m in debt.

dogpile; 驯服降服gentle = tame = break = subjugate; reinstate, restore, install;

用法学习: 1. dogpile mainly US informal noun. I. 摞在一起, 摞起来, 一拥而上. 叠罗汉. an occasion when a group of people jump or lie on top of each other, either because they are happy and excited, or because they are fighting: His game-winning double led to a huge celebratory dogpile. The kids all jumped on their dad, who was soon practically invisible under a dogpile of shrieking, wriggling bodies. He disappeared under a dog pile of swarming police. II. 围攻. 群起而攻之. an occasion when large numbers of people make a verbal attack on someone (= using words), especially on the internet, or the people themselves: Bravo to them for thinking for themselves and not just joining the dogpile. There is a lot of outrage from this dogpile, but you shouldn't believe everything that you see on the internet. verb. I. to jump or lie on top of another person or other people in a large group, either because you are happy and excited, or because you are fighting: The players dogpiled in celebration on the field. I was punched, kicked, thrown to the ground, and dogpiled. II. to verbally (= using words) attack and criticize someone in large numbers, especially on the internet: They've created a system where dissenting voices are reported and dogpiled and pushed off the platform. Don't dog-pile me. I'm just saying what I think. dogpile on I'm sure we all want to dogpile on the company manager for this screwup. 2. yardstick 标志, 尺度, 衡量标准, 标尺 I. a fact or standard by which you can judge the success or value of something. a standard used to compare similar things in order to measure their value or success: a yardstick for sth The firm uses the index as a yardstick for measuring itself against competitors. Productivity is not the only yardstick of success 成功的标志. There has been no yardstick by which potential students can assess schools. She had never had a boyfriend before and so had no yardstick by which to compare Charles's behaviour. A high salary isn't the only yardstick for success. The only valid yardstick for measuring traffic safety is deaths per miles driven. II. a ruler (= a long flat object used for measuring the length of things) that is one yard (= approximately 91.4 centimetres) long: The dressmaker measured the cloth with a yardstick. run the rule over (one) 查看, 审查, 注意 examine cursorily for correctness or adequacy. To examine, scrutinize, or inspect someone to see if they are worthy. Primarily heard in UK. Talent scouts for the football club have been running a rule over local players to see if there is anyone drafting up to the professional level. We've asked one of the directors to sit in on the interview and run a rule over applicants. A committee of directors will run the rule over would-be bidders. roll over I. 听命. 听从. 言听计从. 唯命是从. to agree to what someone wants, especially because you are under pressure or under someone's control: "If the bill passes, we're certainly not going to roll over and say that's fine," he said. They're not going to just roll over and let him play because they're getting pressure from everybody. If you roll over something on a computer screen, you move the mouse over an active place so that you can see information that is hidden under it: If you roll your mouse over a word, its definition will appear. III. to move something such as an amount of money from one place to another: roll sth over into sth 滚动增加, 累积 Investors can roll over their maximum £9,000 stake into a new tax-free account. Money left over from last year has been rolled over to this year's tutoring budget. IV. to move a debt or loan from one company to another, or to make a debt or loan arrangement continue for a longer period than previously agreed: Most government debt as it matures is rolled over. 3. bad penny 卑鄙小人, 坏人 an objectionable person or thing. A person with no value. Typically used in the proverb "A bad penny always turns up." A: "I don't think we'll see Todd again now that he's been disgraced at work." B: "You never know—a bad penny always turns up." I'm sure we haven't seen the last of your conniving cousin—a bad penny always comes back, after all. You can always count on Luke to turn up like a bad penny and make everything worse. turn up like a bad penny to appear again in a place where you are not welcome or wanted Pete goes down very well with everyone except Ross, who makes zero effort when he turns up like the proverbial bad penny. penny informal The sum of one's available money. I didn't have a penny back in college. I survived off of rice, beans, and plain pasta for weeks at a time. We put every penny we had into this business. I don't know what we'll do if it doesn't succeed. "Breaking a horse 降服 ( subjugate [sʌbdʒʊɡeɪt], tame, gentle ), 驯服烈马, 驯服" is the traditional term for training a young or unhandled horse to accept a halter, saddle, and rider. Modern equestrians prefer the term "starting" to reflect a process based on trust and communication rather than dominating the animal. Horse training is the variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when commanded to do so by humans. Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities, ranging anywhere from equine sports such as horse racing, dressage, or jumping, to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities. Most young domesticated horses are handled at birth or within the first few days of life, though some are only handled for the first time when they are weaned from their mothers, or dams(A dam is simply the mother or female parent of a horse. The term is used primarily in horse breeding, pedigrees, and racing to designate the maternal half of an equine's lineage.). Advocates of handling foals ( [fəʊl] A foal is a young horse, mule, or donkey, usually up to one year of age. ) from birth sometimes use the concept of imprinting to introduce a foal within its first few days and weeks of life to many of the activities they will see throughout their lives. Within a few hours of birth, a foal being imprinted will have a human touch it all over, pick up its feet, and introduce it to human touch and voice. While a foal is far too young to be ridden, it is still able to learn skills it will need later in life. By the end of a foal's first year, it should be halter-broke, meaning that it allows a halter placed upon its head and has been taught to be led by a human at a walk and trot, to stop on command and to stand tied. Some people, whether through philosophy or simply due to being pressed for time, do not handle foals significantly while they are still nursing, but wait until the foal is weaned from its dam to begin halter breaking and the other tasks of training a horse in its first year. The argument for gentling ( gentle verb. I. to train a horse to be tame (= not wild or frightened of people, and safe around them), using methods that do not hurt or frighten the horse but teach it to trust people: If you are talking about gentling (sometimes called breaking) a completely untrained horse, you need a professional trainer. He trains wild horses, or to use the term he prefers, gentles them. adj. I not violent, severe, or strong: gentle exercise 缓度的, 轻度的锻炼 She had been advised that gentle exercise would help her recovery. gentle breeze A gentle breeze was blowing through the open windows. gentle persuasion 温柔说服 You can actually accomplish a lot more by gentle persuasion. II. not steep or sudden: gentle slope 轻缓的, 缓坡度 The path has a gentle slope. gentle gradient The easier ski slopes are very short, with gentle gradients.) and halter-breaking at weaning is that the young horse, in crisis from being separated from its dam, will more readily bond with a human at weaning than at a later point in its life. Sometimes the tasks of basic gentling are not completed within the first year but continue when the horse is a yearling. 4. The first is to accept the wisdom of former UK Prime Minister Lord Palmerston's adage that countries have no eternal allies, just eternal interests (Therefore I say that it is a narrow policy to suppose that this country or that is to be marked out as the eternal ally or the perpetual enemy of England. We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to follow.). The second is to recognise that an unbalanced alliance leads to servility (servility [sɜːˈvɪl.ə.ti] formal disapproving the quality of being servile (= too eager to serve and please someone else ): She found the servility of the hotel staff embarrassing. The world they want to create is one of constant submission and servility. servile [ˈsɜː.vaɪl] 驯服的, 听话的 too eager to serve and please someone else in a way that shows you do not have much respect for yourself: As a waiter you want to be pleasant to people without appearing totally servile.), not partnership. Perpetual VS Eternal: Perpetual (日常生活里设计合同法律或者日常夸张说法的. 没有终止日期但仍在时间概念之内的) implies something keeps going and going — it has a sense of repetition or continuity. It's still in time, just never stopping. A perpetual motion machine keeps running; a perpetual lease never expires; someone can be a perpetual complainer (always at it). Eternal (神圣的, 虚拟的, 情感方面的, 没在时间概念之内的) suggests something that stands completely outside of time — it has no beginning and no end, and the question of duration doesn't even apply. God is eternal (not subject to time at all); eternal truths don't "keep going," they simply are. A useful test: You can say perpetual noise (it just never stops), but eternal noise sounds odd — eternity is too grand a concept for something mundane. Conversely, eternal life works because it implies transcendence, whereas perpetual life just sounds like you're stuck living forever in ordinary time. In practice: Perpetual is the word for contracts, law, and everyday hyperbole. Eternal is reserved for the divine, the abstract, or the deeply emotional — "eternal love," "eternal damnation," "eternal truth." 5. perturbed [pəˈtɜːbd] (flustered, ruffled) 担心的, 烦恼的, 心绪不宁的, 烦躁不已的 worried or troubled: Ms. McCurdy was too perturbed to pay attention. He didn't seem unduly/overly perturbed by the news. I wouldn't say angry. I was a little bit perturbed at his constantly fighting with ​Lebanon, you know. vocabulary: Imagine a couple of snakes getting loose in a pet shop, and the manager running around trying to round up the snakes and calm down the customers, and you'll picture a perturbed person. Perturbed means flustered and confused. When you're perturbed, you're upset by something, and rattled enough by it to be thrown off your usual calmness into a state of confusion. In astronomy, perturbation is defined as "the effects on a large body when it is subjected to gravitational effects from more than one other large body." When a planet is perturbed in astronomy, it is pulled in different directions by strong forces, which is a great metaphor for what happens to a person who is perturbed. unperturbed [ˌʌn.pəˈtɜːbd] not worried about something, especially when this is slightly surprising: He seemed completely unperturbed at the idea of having to sing in a room full of strangers. dance to (someone's or something's) tune to do what a person or thing wants or forces one to do. do one's own dance 想做什么就做什么 = dance to one's own tune Netanyahu has a long history of doing his own dance, irrespective of what he has heard from Washington. 6. 制造业回归: This reshor­ing ( reshore to move a business or part of a business that was based in a different country back to its original country: Many companies are reshoring back to Britain. The company decided to reshore its manufacturing. ) suc­cess story has drawn plaudits ( plaudit 褒奖, 赞扬, 赞誉 an expression of approval; praise: She won plaudits for her toughness during tense labor negotiations. She's received plaudits for her work with homeless people. The quality of his photography earned/won him plaudits from the experts.) from the White House, even though a Chinese cor­por­a­tion now owns GE Appli­ances and its Amer­ican boss com­plains about Pres­id­ent Don­ald Trump's tar­iffs. As the United States races to pro­duce 力争 more of what it con­sumes, GE'S exper­i­ence shows that bring­ing work home offers real advant­ages over ocean-span­ning sup­ply chains. But reviv­ing domestic pro­duc­tion means over­com­ing daunt­ing obstacles, includ­ing relent­less cost pres­sures, young Amer­ic­ans' aver­sion 反感, 厌恶 to fact­ory jobs and gaps in the nation's indus­trial base. "This should be a good proof case 实证, 明证 of, yeah, this can work. Is it easy? No. And do we have a lot of things work­ing against us? Yeah," said Kevin Nolan, GE Appli­ances' chief exec­ut­ive. What GE is try­ing has been a cent­ral Trump object­ive since he entered polit­ics more than a dec­ade ago, prom­ising to quickly reverse a loss of man­u­fac­tur­ing jobs that he attrib­uted to faulty trade deals. Yet even as GE and other U.S. com­pan­ies con­tinue repat­ri­at­ing work that had migrated to low-wage ven­ues, the labor mar­ket impact has been hard to dis­cern. 7. bottle it 不敢了, 退缩了, 却步了(balk at), 犹豫了 UK informal to not do something because you are frightened; to fail at something because you are frightened. If you say that someone has bottled it, you mean that they have lost their courage at the last moment and have not done something they intended to do. He was scheduled to appear on the TV show, but bottled it at the last minute. He should have taken the penalty but he bottled it. Walker should have been sent off for that but the referee bottled it. Under pressure, they bottled it. I was going to tell him what I thought of his plan but I bottled it. She denied that her team had bottled it. hot spot I. a place that is popular, for example, for vacations or entertainment: This summer's vacation hot spot is Alaska. II. a place where war or other fighting is likely to happen. III. a building or area where you can connect to the Internet at high speed without wires. a public place where people can use computers, mobile phones, etc. with wi-fi (= a system for connecting electronic equipment to the internet without using wires): There are wi-fi hotspots in all our cafés. 8. Are you Andy? Yeah. Is this yours? Did you write this stuff? My girlfriend, Jill, found your speed-dating card. Yeah, right. God, I've been looking for that speed-dating card. Thank you so much for bringing it to me. So, you actually wrote that one girl looked like... she was "hurting for a squirting"? Mmm-hmm. Yeah. Hurting for a squirting, I wrote that. So you wrote "ho fo show." Yeah, I remember that girl. She was a ho. Fo show. You are never gonna meet anybody... with that kind of mentality about women, you sick son of a bitch. Who the fuck are you to put me on trial 说三道四, 说东道西的? I've never even met you. So why don't you back the shit off, all right? And stop with the inquisition 盘问, 诘问, 审问(inquisition [ˌɪn.kwɪˈzɪʃ.ən] formal disapproving I. a period of asking questions in a detailed and unfriendly way: subject someone to an inquisition The police subjected him to an inquisition that lasted twelve hours. II. in the past, an official organization in the Roman Catholic Church whose purpose was to find and punish people who opposed its beliefs. stop with something (用于一种行为, 习惯等): "Stop with something" is more nuanced. It usually means stop doing a particular behaviour or habit, often with a tone of irritation or exasperation. Very common in informal/spoken English. "Stop with the excuses." "Can you stop with the drama?" "Stop with the jokes, I'm trying to concentrate." It implies the behaviour has been going on for a while and is annoying. You wouldn't say "stop with the car" — it only works with ongoing behaviours or patterns. If what I am now writing is destined to meet the eye of any reader, young and inexperienced in dramatic compositions, let such either stop with me, if curiosity can be controlled, or be prepared to admire the brilliancy of the dialogue without approving of the pinciples of the speakers in the following scenes. The next day Luigi came to me with my wages, and told me, "As I was an honest man, I ought not to stop with thief takers any longer". ). That's how you talk? You know what, I don't have to answer to you. You ain't my bitch. Know what I saying? So, shit, man. Fuck it. You shouldn't even be hanging out with this pervert. I don't hang out with him. I work with him and that's it. I tried to introduce him to a few nice people... he made a fool of himself. I don't mess with him, baby. That's not me.You should keep your ho on a leash. Bro, I can't let you... Hey. I can't let you be talking to my woman like that, dawg. Know what I'm saying? Bitch is running wild(a woman (or a person being compared to a woman) is acting completely out of control, behaving outrageously, or speaking her mind aggressively without anyone to restrain her.), man. 9. flub 犯错, 做错, 出错, 弄错(Fluff one's lines: A direct UK/Australian English equivalent for saying the wrong words. Blank on one's lines 大脑一片空白: Forgetting the words entirely and having a temporary loss of memory. Mangle one's words: Speaking clumsily and garbling the pronunciation. Stumble over one's words: Tripping over the rhythm of the speech. Dreaded dry-up: A theater term for when an actor completely stops speaking because they have forgotten what comes next. ) US informal to fail or make a mistake, especially when performing. If you flub something that you are trying to do, you are unsuccessful or you do it badly. If you try a sales technique and flub it, not making a sale, will you try it again? He really flubbed badly by not catching the ball. Sheila flubbed her lines 说错话(台词NG) in the second act. noun. A flub is a mistake or an unsuccessful attempt to do something. ...a flub that made listeners cringe. I can tell she has no idea what's she's asking about because she's already flubbed her lines and he's had to repeat himself. meat on the bone 资源, 帮助, 意义, 价值, 真货, 答案 I. Some amount of substance, value, or meaning. We all were hoping to have our questions answered during the governor's press briefing, but there wasn't much meat on the bone 货真价实的东西, 实质性的东西. The game's premise and mechanics are interesting, but there's just no meat on the bone when it comes to story and gameplay variety. For a cheesy, special effects-laden action movie, the plot actually has quite a bit of meat on the bone. What's your answer? Every time I see this argument, there's no meat. II. Some amount of resources to be shared or depend on. We asked for more funds to help tackle the issue, but the city council told us there was no meat on the bone in the annual budget. This used to be a thriving industrial town, but after all the factories closed down, people started moving out in search of places with more meat on the bone. Where's the beef? I. What is the problem? This meaning uses "beef" in the sense of a conflict, complaint, grudge, feud, etc. So, he borrowed your sweater and then he returned it. Where's the beef? II Where is the most substantive or the important part (of something)? This usage originated with a popular catchphrase introduced in a 1984 commercial for the Wendy's fast food chain in which a woman humorously questioned the purported lack of meat in competitors' hamburgers. a phrase used when someone is "poetically" asking about the substance and value of a proposal or statement—"where is the substance and value of this?" So, if something proposed has a lot of flare (big bun), but no true substance (not enough meat) someone might remark: "Where's the beef". The phrase was further popularized that year when US presidential candidate Walter Mondale used it to question the substance of the policy proposals of his primary opponent, Gary Hart. Where is the substance?; Where is the important content? That's really clever and appealing, but where's the beef? Where's the beef? There's no substance in this proposal. The writing is good, but where's the beef? You need evidence to back up your claims. The program looks good on paper, but how do we know it will really work? Has any research been done? Where's the beef? flare-up I. a sudden burst of fire or light. a flare-up of the embers. II. a situation in which something such as violence, pain, or anger suddenly starts or gets much worse. a sudden increase in or occasion of something such as an illness, violence, or an expression of emotion: a flare-up of arthritis. There were flare-ups of anger during the long meetings. flare-up of 激化 There was another flare-up of rioting later that day. flare up I. Lit. [for something] to ignite and burn. The firewood flared up at last—four matches having been used. II. Lit. [for a fire] to burn brightly again and expand rapidly. After burning quietly for a while, the fire suddenly flared up and made the room very bright. III. Fig. 病情加重 [for a pain or medical condition] to get worse suddenly. My arthritis flares up during the damp weather. IV. Fig. [for a dispute] to break out or escalate into a battle. A war flared up in the Middle East. We can't send the whole army every time a dispute flares up. V. flare up at someone or something Fig. to lose one's temper at someone or something. I could tell by the way he flared up at me that he was not happy with what I had done. I didn't mean to flare up. flare verb. I. to burn brightly either for a short time or not regularly: flare up The flame above the oil well flared up into the dark sky. New fires flared and people were told to leave their homes. II. When something bad such as violence, pain, or anger flares (up), it suddenly starts or gets much worse: Violence flared up again last night. temper flares Tempers flared after a three-hour delay at the airport yesterday. III. to (cause to) become wider: The horse's nostrils flared. He flared his nostrils in rage. The skirt fits tightly over the hips and flares just below the knees. noun. I. a sudden increase in the brightness of a fire: There was a sudden flare when she threw the petrol onto the fire. II. a very bright light or coloured smoke that can be used as a signal, or a device that produces this: We set off a flare to help guide our rescuers. Every agent is given a pack with rations, signal flares, and a first-aid kit. III. trousers that get wider below the knee: He grew his hair long and started to wear flares. IV. the fact of something, especially clothing, becoming wider at one end: This skirt has a definite flare. V. in American football, a short throw to a back who is running towards the sideline: Under pressure, he threw a flare to Wilson that lost three yards. He caught a flare pass from Merino and managed to make seven yards. VI. in baseball, a ball that is hit a short distance through the air into the outfield: Pitch him away and he gets his little flares and infield hits. Jones hit a flare to right that fell just inside the line. VII. in gymnastics, a movement in which the gymnast balances on their hands and moves their legs wide apart in a circular movement: It was an immaculate performance, full of crowd-pleasing flares and eye-catching manoeuvres. The American lost his rhythm on a flare sequence and finished sixth. 10. cravenly [ˈkreɪ.vən.li] formal disapproving in an extremely cowardly (= not brave) way: I cravenly agreed, simply in order not to antagonize him. He wrote to her afterwards, hoping cravenly that she had not been hurt. craven ( = cowardly) 没骨气的, 唯唯诺诺的, 没胆, 胆小如鼠, 胆怯, 懦弱 a person who is not at all brave and who is too eager to avoid danger, difficulty, or pain:  They condemned the deal as a craven surrender. ...his craven obedience to his employers. I thought I was brave but I am a coward, a craven. a craven act of terrorism. Politicians are too craven to tackle this problem. vocabulary: A craven man is no Superman or Spiderman, nor is he a firefighter or a soldier. A craven man is the opposite of those guys: he has not an ounce of courage. In "The Wizard of Oz," the Cowardly Lion could have been called the Cravenly Lion, but that didn't sound quite right. Use craven as you would cowardly. A craven leader is scared to lead, while a craven gymnast stays on the mat and avoids the balance beam. You can also use the word to describe other things, besides humans. Craven policies 极度保守的政策, for example, are probably weak and do not take bold measures. overhead adj. I. relating to the overheads of a business: One way of increasing profit margins is to cut overhead costs. II. in sports played with a racket, hit from above head height: The winning shot was an overhead smash at the net. Squash has fewer overhead shots than other racket sports. II. in sports such as basketball, thrown from above head height. She set up the score with a two-handed overhead pass to Donnelly. III. at a level higher than a person's head; in the air or the sky above the place where you are: overhead lighting A flock of geese flew overhead. noun. I. (= overhead transparency) a transparent sheet used for showing text or pictures with an overhead projector. note: A transparency, also known variously as a viewfoil or foil (from the French word "feuille" or sheet), or viewgraph, is a thin sheet of transparent flexible material, typically polyester (historically cellulose acetate), onto which figures can be drawn. These are then placed on an overhead projector for display to an audience. Many companies and small organizations use a system of projectors and transparencies in meetings and other groupings of people, though this system has been largely replaced by video projectors and interactive whiteboards. II. overheads [plural] UK (US overhead [ C or U ]) 日常费用. 运营费用. the regular and necessary costs, such as rent, heat, electricity, and telephone, involved in operating a business: overhead expenses. We need to reduce our overheads. Many businesses are moving out of New York because the overheads there are so high. turn into a pillar of salt: I saw what you did with your friend. Oh, and you didn't turn into a pillar of salt. Good for you. Or you may find yourself transformed into a pillar of salt, or turned to stone and left to cry for all eternity. As a result, she was turned into a pillar of salt. All those who have ever made the mistake of crossing me have been turned into pillars of salt. wiki: In the Bible, Lot's wife is a figure first mentioned in Genesis 19. The Book of Genesis describes how she became a pillar of salt after she looked back at Sodom during its destruction by God. She is not named in the Bible, but is called Ado or Edith in some Jewish traditions. She is also referred to in the deuterocanonical books at the Book of Wisdom (Wisdom 10:7) and the New Testament at Luke 17:32. The story of Lot's wife begins in Genesis 19 after two angels arrived in Sodom at eventide and were invited to spend the night at Lot's home. The men of Sodom were exceedingly wicked and prompted Lot to offer up these "strangers" to have sex with; instead, Lot offered up his two daughters but they were refused. As dawn was breaking, Lot's visiting angels urged him to get his family and flee, so as to avoid being caught in the impending disaster for the iniquity of the city. The command was given, "Flee for your life! Do not look behind you, nor stop anywhere in the Plain; flee to the hills, lest you be swept away."  While fleeing, Lot's wife looked behind her at Sodom and was turned into a pillar of salt. 11. bullion [ˈbʊl.i.ən] 金条 pure gold or silver formed into bars. rare metal such as gold or silver, often in the form of thick blocks, that is bought and sold in large quantities as a commodity or investment: The price of gold bullion rose by 4.8%. A shipment of gold bullion was stolen. The simplest way of doing this is to hold the commodity in a tangible form, such as gold bullion. It was once so precious it was used as a currency - in the way that we might use gold bullion today. Beckham's sarong gate: Over the years, Beckham doubled down on having no regrets over the sarong, insisting past fashion choices were entirely his own. If anything, the incident has become part of brand Beckham mythology; an early indication of David and Victoria's fashion-forwardness 时尚超前意识 and media savvy that has morphed into today's multimillion-dollar sport, beauty and business empire. "He's very knowing ( knowing 很懂的, 懂行的 showing that you know about something, even when it has not been talked about. having or showing knowledge of private or secret information: My mother gave me a knowing smile. a knowing 洞悉的, 会意的, 心照不宣的, 心有灵犀的, 心灵相通的, 会心的, 心知肚明的, look/glance/smile. A knowing gesture or remark is one that shows that you understand something, for example the way that someone is feeling or what they really mean, even though it has not been mentioned directly. Ron gave her a knowing smile. Dan exchanged a knowing look with Harry. He smiled knowingly. )," said Doig, who added that Beckham always had "a bit of a laugh about it" when they discussed the sarong. Brand Beckham would not be the success it is today, "if it were not for the two of them making very daring 穿衣风格大胆 ( Daring (勇于冒险并向往刺激的) leans toward the excitement and drama of the risk itself — there's an element of flair or spectacle. A daring rescue. A daring escape. Bold (信心十足并且心意坚定的) leans toward confidence and willingness to stand out or face pushback, without necessarily implying physical danger. A bold claim. A bold strategy. Bold colours. The overlap: both can describe courageous action. "A bold move" and "a daring move" are often interchangeable, but daring adds a hint of thrill or audacity, while bold adds a hint of conviction and self-assurance. Quick test: if the courage is about excitement and risk, reach for daring. If it's about confidence and standing firm, reach for bold.) fashion choices in the '90s that put them front and center of every newspaper in the world," Doig added. 12. gangbanger 黑帮分子 I. a member of a violent street gang. a member of a violent group of young men, especially ones who use guns and commit crimes. II. a person who participates in a sexual gangbang. A Power of Attorney is a legal document allowing someone to make legal and financial decisions for you. There are 2 types of Power of Attorney documents: General Power of Attorney - A legal document that allows you to appoint a person to manage financial and legal decisions on your behalf, only while you have the ability to make your own decisions. A General Power of Attorney becomes invalid when you die, or you lose capacity to manage your own affairs. Enduring Power of Attorney - A legal document that allows you to appoint a person to manage financial and legal decisions on your behalf and continues even if you lose the ability to make decisions for yourself. It also becomes invalid when you die. A Power of Attorney is only valid during your lifetime. After death, your Will comes into effect. Lasting powers of attorney (LPAs) in English law were created under the Mental Capacity Act 2005, and came into effect on 1 October 2007. The LPA replaced the former enduring (durable) powers of attorney (EPA) which were narrower in scope. Their purpose is to meet the needs of those who can see a time when they will lack capacity to look after their own affairs. There are two types of LPA: health and welfare, and property and financial affairs; either or both may be created. The LPA allows them to make appropriate arrangements for family members or trusted friends to be authorised to make decisions on their behalf. 13. clam up = shut up like a clam 缄口不语, 沉默不语, 闭口不言, 拒不开口, 闭口不谈, 缄默 to become silent suddenly, usually because you are embarrassed or nervous, or do not want to talk about a particular subject. to refuse to talk or answer: He just clammed up when I walked in. He just clams up if you ask him about his childhood. install I. 安装家具. 安装机器. 安装设备. to put furniture, a machine, or a piece of equipment into position and make it ready to use: The plumber is coming tomorrow to install the new washing machine 安装洗衣机. The company would like to install wind turbines on the hill. have sth installed The firm is having a new security system installed. II to put someone in an important job or position. to place someone formally in an official job of high rank: The new president of the university was installed before the graduation ceremony. install someone as something She has installed a couple of young academics as her advisers. He was installed as chief justice of the state Supreme Court. The new company will be headed up by Jo Riley, who will be installed as Managing Director. install someone/yourself in/at somewhere UK to put someone/yourself in a comfortable position where you want to stay: He seems to have installed himself in your spare room 住的挺好, 扎根 for good! instate I. to place in a position or office; install. II. to establish something: He pledged to instate new policies. reinstate I. If you reinstate someone, you give them back a job or position which had been taken away from them. The governor is said to have agreed to reinstate five senior workers who were dismissed. The prime minister announced his resignation, but he is expected to be reinstated within a few days. II. To reinstate a law, facility, or practice 重新实施 means to start having it again. ...the decision to reinstate 恢复实施, 恢复政策 the grant. Her conviction was reinstated last month. restore I. To restore a situation or practice means to cause it to exist again. The army has recently been brought in to restore order. As they smiled at each other, harmony was restored again. The death penalty was never restored. His visit is expected to lead to the restoration of diplomatic relations. They were committed to the eventual restoration of a traditional monarchy. Some people are in favour of restoring capital punishment ( = death penalty ) 恢复死刑 for murderers. II. To restore someone or something to a previous condition means to cause them to be in that condition once again. restore sth to sth If you take totally abandoned land, you could restore it to profitability 恢复盈利 after about three years. We need to restore competition to the operating-system and browser markets. restore growth 恢复增长/profitability. We will restore her to health 恢复健康 but it may take time. He said the ousted president must be restored to power 复位, 官复原职. His country desperately needs Western aid to restore its ailing economy. I owe the restoration of my hearing to this remarkable new technique. III. When someone restores something such as an old building, painting, or piece of furniture 修缮, 修复, they repair and clean it, so that it looks like it did when it was new. ...experts who specialise in examining and restoring ancient parchments. ...the beautifully restored old town square. I specialized in the restoration of old houses. The bones were 'mislaid' during the seventeenth-century restorations. IV. If something that was lost or stolen is restored to its owner 物归原主, it is returned to them. If the economy picks up, he expects to restore funding to road projects. The following day their horses and goods were restored to them. The burglars were arrested and my stolen property was restored. V. If you restore a quality or ability that someone has not had for a long time, you make it possible for them to have that quality or ability again: Doctors have restored his sight 恢复视力. The government is trying to restore public confidence 恢复公众信心 in its management of the economy. restore confidence/faith The move by the US Federal Reserve this week to cut interest rates has restored a lot of public confidence. The firm is battling to restore its reputation 恢复名誉, 恢复声誉 after the scandal. 14. give out I. If a machine or part of your body gives out, it stops working: At the end of the race his legs gave out and he collapsed on the ground. The batteries are likely to give out 完蛋 soon. He was old and his heart just gave out 失去功能, 不行, 不工作, 停止工作, 不堪重负. II. Irish English informal to complain about something: After this win hopefully people will stop giving out to the team and the coach. She's running out of things to give out about. III. old-fashioned to make a piece of information public, especially information that is not true: give out that 声称 They had given out that he had died of typhoid. It was given out that he had been shot while trying to escape. give it out Fletcher gave it out that it was all part of a grand plan. IV. to give something to each of a number of people: They're giving out free tickets to the circus. V. to last no longer, or to work no longer: Food supplies will give out 供应不足, 供应不上, 弹尽粮绝 by the end of the week. businesslike [ˈbɪz.nɪs.laɪk] I. getting things done in a quick and practical way. happening in a way that is practical and effective and is not personal, or typical of business. If you describe someone as businesslike, you mean that they deal with things in an efficient way without wasting time. Mr. Penn sounds quite businesslike. This activity was carried on in a businesslike manner. The meeting was brief and businesslike. We hope the meeting can be conducted in a businesslike way, without a lot of emotional statements. The meetings were very businesslike. She had a brisk and businesslike manner. II. suitable for a place of business: We work in a casual yet businesslike environment. To design a simple, professional letterhead, pick an attractive, businesslike font and use it to center your name and address at the top. 15. crèche [kreʃ] 育儿所(child care) a place where young children are cared for during the day while their parents do something else, especially work, study, or shop. a place where young children are taken care of during the day while their parents do something else, especially work, study, or shop: Her son was in the crèche while she worked. There are no creche facilities provided for staff. Does your employer provide a crèche?

divide VS division VS gap, gulf VS chasm VS schism VS divergence VS rift: 

divide verb. I. to (cause to) separate into parts or groups: divide into 分组 At the end of the lecture, I'd like all the students to divide into small discussion groups. be divided into 分裂 After the Second World War, Germany was divided into two separate countries. II. to share: divide something among someone/something I think we should divide the costs equally among us. III. If something divides two areas, it marks the edge or limit of them: divide someone/something from someone/something 分隔, 切分 There's a narrow alley that divides our house from the one next door. dividing line 分隔线, 分界线 This path marks the dividing line between my land and my neighbour's. IV. to use different amounts of something for different purposes or activities: divide something between something She divides her time between her apartment in New York and her house in the Berkshires. V. If Members of Parliament divide, they vote by separating into two groups, one group who want the law that is being voted on to be accepted and one group who are against it: After a lengthy debate, MPs/the House of Commons divided. VI. to cause a group of people to disagree about something: The party is divided over the issue of capital punishment. divide and rule = mainly US divide and conquer a way of keeping yourself in a position of power by causing disagreements among other people so that they are unable to oppose you: It's just a fact that the principle that underpins any empire is divide and rule. divide something by something to calculate the number of times that one number fits (exactly) into another: 10 divided by 5 is/equals 2. divide (something) into something If a number divides into another number, it fits (exactly) into it when multiplied a particular number of times: What do you get if you divide 6 into 18? noun. I. a difference or separation. a separation: The river forms a divide between mountains and coastal plains. divide between The divide between the rich and the poor in this country is continuing to grow. II. A divide is a significant distinction between two groups, often one that causes conflict. ...a deliberate attempt to create a Hindu-Muslim divide in India. It's on taxes that the divide between the two candidates is widest. III. 分界点. A divide is a moment in time or a point in a process when there is a complete change from one situation to another. The time had come to cross the great divide between formality and truth. IV.(watershed 分水岭) A divide is a line of high ground between areas that are drained by different rivers. division I. The division of a large unit into two or more distinct parts is the act of separating it into these parts. ...Czechoslovakia's division 分裂 into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. II. The division of something among people or things is its separation into parts which are distributed among the people or things. The current division 划分 of labor between workers and management will alter. III. Division is the arithmetical process of dividing one number into another number. I taught my daughter how to do division 除法 at the age of six. IV. A division is a significant distinction or argument between two groups, which causes the two groups to be considered as very different and separate. The division 分歧 between the prosperous west and the impoverished east remains. V. In a large organization, a division is a group of departments whose work is done in the same place or is connected with similar tasks. ...the bank's Latin American division 分部. ...the sales division. VI. A division is a group of military units which fight as a single unit. Several armoured divisions are being moved from Germany. VII. In the British Parliament, a division is a vote where the Members of Parliament go into separate rooms in order to record their vote. VIII. In some sports, such as football, baseball, and basketball, a division is one of the groups of teams which make up a league. The teams in each division are considered to be approximately the same standard, and they all play against each other during the season. Villa had just been relegated from the First Division. ...the Scottish Premier Division leaders, Dundee United. divisive [dɪˈvaɪsɪv] 有分歧的, 有争议的 likely to cause arguments between people. Something that is divisive causes unfriendliness and argument between people. Abortion has always been a divisive issue. A referendum would be divisive. a divisive issue. divisiveness 分歧 We live in a world that seems ever more full of rancor and divisiveness. schism [skɪzəm , sɪz-] 分立, 分裂, 嫌隙, 分歧, 意见不统一 When there is a schism, a group or organization divides into two groups as a result of differences in thinking and beliefs. ...the great schism which divided the Christian world in the 11th century. The church seems to be on the brink of schism. an occasion when one group divides into two groups because of a disagreement. chasm [ˈkæzəm] 意见不一 I. a very big difference that separates one person or group from another. If you say that there is a chasm between two things or between two groups of people, you mean that there is a very large difference between them. ...the chasm that divides the worlds of university and industry. ...the chasm between rich and poor in America. chasm between: a widening chasm 区分, 分歧 between town and country. II. 裂缝. a very deep crack in rock or ice. divergence 分歧, 发散 I. a difference in the way that two or more things develop from the same thing. A divergence is a difference between two or more things, attitudes, or opinions. There's a substantial divergence of opinion within the party. This overall figure conceals wide divergences between the main industrial countries. The tenor of the opening remarks reflects the divergence in the priorities of the two sides. divergence between The divergence between the incomes of the rich and the poor countries seems to be increasing. divergence from Recently published statistics show a divergence from previous trends. II. The degree to which two or more things diverge. an angle is made by the divergence of straight lines.  divergence of: a wide divergence of opinion on this issue. divergent things that are divergent are different from each other. Differing from another: two people who have divergent views. a divergent opinion分歧意见. convergence 汇聚, 会聚 I. The act of moving toward union or uniformity. The convergence or divergence of the rays falling on the pupil. — Berkeley. II. 交汇点. A meeting place. We built a homestead at the convergence of two rivers. disconnect verb. I. To disconnect a piece of equipment means to separate it from its source of power or to break a connection that it needs in order to work. The device automatically disconnects the ignition when the engine is switched off. Vicky Brown arrived home to find the men disconnecting her microwave. She ran back to the phone. The line had been disconnected. disconnect something from something Never try to fix a broken machine without disconnecting it from the electricity supply. II. If you are disconnected 被断掉, 断线, 切断 by a gas, electricity, water, or telephone company, they turn off the connection to your house, usually because you have not paid the bill. You will be given three months to pay before you are disconnected. If you are disconnected while speaking on the phone, the phone connection is suddenly broken and you can no longer continue your conversation. III. If you disconnect something from something else, you separate the two things. He disconnected the IV bottle from the overhead hook. IV. to stop being connected to the internet: be/get disconnected Our broadband keeps getting disconnected. If the signal is still weak, try disconnecting from your current network and using a different wireless connection. noun. a lack of a connection; disconnection. a situation in which two or more things are not connected in the way that they should be: disconnect between 割裂 The study found a disconnect between the state's social programs and some people who need government assistance. a disconnect between political discourse and the public.

Divide as a noun is narrower and more dramatic — it almost always refers to a deep, lasting gulf: the urban-rural divide. the digital divide. a divide between rich and poor. Gap — the most neutral. Simply an absence, a space between two things. Can be trivial (a gap in the schedule) or significant (a gap in understanding), but carries no inherent drama. Chasm: a gap so extreme it becomes almost unbridgeable. Borrows its weight from geology (a deep crack in the earth). Always dramatic; rarely used for minor differences. Divide — like chasm, suggests something deep and structural, but more often social or ideological than emotional. The north-south divide, the digital divide — these are systemic, baked-in separations rather than active quarrels.

social divide VS social division: Social divide: pictures two sides with a gulf between them — rich vs poor, urban vs rural. It’s vivid and binary. Journalists favour it because it's punchy and concrete. Social division is broader — society can have many divisions simultaneously (class, race, religion, gender). It's the more academic term, used when analysing the structure of inequality rather than painting a stark picture. The growing social divide between the wealthy and everyone else — stark, two-sided gap. Social divisions along racial and class lines — multiple fault lines, analytical tone. Social division within the community — the state of being fractured, not necessarily binary. Short answer: Use social divide when you want to evoke a stark, visible gulf. Use social division when the context is broader, more analytical, or involves multiple fracture lines. 

Divergence (成员意见不同意): Members' views start drifting in different directions.
Divide (成员意见对立, 截然相反): A clear line emerges between moderates and radicals. cultural divide 文化隔阂.
Division( 分成不同派系): The party formally splits into two factions (still in the same party).
Rift (drive/create几派领导间有嫌隙, 猜忌, 隔阂, gap是最中性的隔阂, drive a wedge, gulf 隔阂很大 ): A public argument causes lasting personal enmity between leaders. generation gap 代购. emotional barriers 疏离感 between people.
Chasm(隔阂很深, 难以调和): The two sides now hold completely opposite, irreconcilable worldviews.
Schism(某一派系独立出来): One group breaks off to form a new political party.