用法学习: 1. mercantilism [ˈmɜː.kən.tɪ.lɪ.zəm] 重商主义 Also called mercantile [ˈmɜː.kən.taɪl] system economics. a theory prevalent in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries asserting that the wealth of a nation depends on its possession of precious metals and therefore that the government of a nation must maximize the foreign trade surplus, and foster national commercial interests, a merchant marine, the establishment of colonies, etc. merchant [ˈmɜː.tʃənt] 贩子, 贩卖商 I. a person whose job is to buy and sell products in large amounts, especially by trading with other countries: wine merchant. grain merchant. II. UK informal disapproving someone who is involved in or enjoys something that is unpleasant or annoying to others: gossip merchant 八卦贩子 These internet gossip merchants (= people who discuss people's private lives) need to think about the effect they have on people's lives. speed merchant In his youth he was something of a speed merchant (= he drove too fast). III. a business that sells directly to the public either from a store or through the internet: Experienced merchants said that the fee structure for accepting cards is confusing. Local merchants experienced a revenue boost in the lead up to Thanksgiving. Most online merchants will email you an order confirmation with details of your purchase. wiki: Mercantilism, in its simplest form, is all about bullionism (Bullionism [ˈbʊliən] is an economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned. Bullionism is an early and perhaps more primitive form of mercantilism. bullion gold or silver 金条 in the form of bars: gold bullion. ), or the theory that a nation's wealth is measured in terms of how much precious metal, particularly gold and silver, it possesses. Mercantilist authors were concerned with the movement of money, however, more than with the hoarding of it. They felt that money needed to move through the economy to induce trade and economic activity, a concept different from that of simply amassing wealth 积累财富. This focus on money's role, specifically precious metals, mirrors modern discussions of the money supply and its implications for economic growth, i.e., how money supply expansion can stimulate economic activity. However, with the advent of fiat money [ˈfiː.æt] (money not backed by a physical commodity. Fiat money or fiat currency 法定货币 is a type of government-issued currency, generally created by a central bank, authorized by government regulation to be legal tender but not backed by a precious metal, such as gold or silver, nor by any other tangible asset or commodity. Fiat money generally does not have intrinsic value nor a use value. It has value only because the individuals who use it (as a unit of account or, in the case of currency, a medium of exchange) agree on its value. They trust that it will be accepted by merchants and other people as a means of payment for liabilities. Fiat money is an alternative to commodity money 商品货币 (which is a currency that has intrinsic value because it contains, for example, a precious metal such as gold or silver which is embedded in the coin). Fiat also differs from representative money (which is money that has intrinsic value because it is backed by and can be converted into a precious metal or another commodity). Fiat money can look similar to representative money (such as paper bills), but the former has no backing, while the latter represents a claim on a commodity or a tradable investment, and can be redeemed to a greater or lesser extent. Representative money or receipt money is any medium of exchange, physical or digital, that represents something of value, but has little or no value of its own (intrinsic value). More specifically, the term representative money has been used variously to mean: A claim on a commodity, for example gold and silver certificates. In this sense, it may be called "commodity-backed money". Any type of money that has face value greater than its value as material substance. In this sense, most types of fiat money are a type of representative money. ) and floating exchange rates, the importance of specie (gold and silver) in economic systems has diminished. Progressively, the focus shifted from the handling of money to the implementation of industrial policies that placed greater economic goals, e.g., stimulating general prosperity and supporting technological and industrial advancement, above the financing of war. 2. countervailing [ˈkaʊn.təˌveɪ.lɪŋ] 对抗的, 抵消的, 制衡的 having equal force but an opposite effect. A countervailing force, power, or opinion is one which is of equal strength to another one but is its opposite or opposes it. countervailing force 制衡力量 There was nobody strong enough to lead an effective countervailing force against the dictator. a countervailing argument. Their strategy is greatest in effect when there is no countervailing power. "The non-profit sector injected a countervailing element of stability during long periods of political disorder." inopportune [ɪˈnɒp.ə.tʃuːn] 让人尴尬的, 不合适的, 不方便的, 不恰当的 happening or done at a time that is not suitable or convenient. happening or done at a time that is not suitable or convenient. If you describe something as inopportune or if you say that it happens at an inopportune time, you mean that it happens at an unfortunate or unsuitable time, and causes trouble or embarrassment because of this. The dismissals came at an inopportune time. Difficulties seem to crop up at the most inopportune times. inopportune moment I'm sorry, you've called at an inopportune moment. inopportune time Her decision to leave couldn't have come at a more inopportune time. opportune happening at a time that is likely to produce success or is convenient. happening at a time which is likely to give success or which is convenient: You couldn't have arrived at a more opportune time. opportune moment This seems to be an opportune moment for reviving our development plan. it is opportune to Would it be opportune to discuss the contract now? 3.
借钱, 借贷 (float a loan, raise a loan, advance someone some money): 1. Chandler: If you need money, will you please just let me loan 借钱 you some money? 2. advance verb. I. [transitive] to help something progress and become more developed or successful. They use the Internet as a tool to advance their research. He will do anything to advance his career. We are working to advance the cause of world peace. II. [transitive] formal to suggest something for people to consider. She advanced the theory that children learn more from their friends than from their parents. III. [transitive] 借钱. to give or lend someone money before the usual time or before they do something. I asked the school to advance the funds for my trip. advance someone something: The bank is refusing to advance him any money. IV. [intransitive] business to increase in value. Stock market trading advanced slightly today. noun. I. [countable/uncountable] progress or an instance of progress in science, technology, human knowledge etc. In spite of all its advances, medical science still knows little about the brain. advance in: major advances in computer technology. the advance of something: ethical questions raised by the advance of genetic engineering. II. [countable] a payment for work that is given before the work is complete. The author has signed a publishing deal for an advance of £500,000. 电视剧Stranger Things: I need an advance 我需要先付工资, 预付工资. I was thinking two weeks. I need this phone and two weeks' advance 两星期的提前支付. a. an amount of money that is paid to someone before the usual time. I asked for an advance on next month's salary. wiki: An advance payment 预付款, or simply an advance, is the part of a contractually due sum that is paid or received in advance for goods or services, while the balance included in the invoice will only follow the delivery. Advance payments are recorded as a prepaid expense in accrual accounting for the entity issuing the advance. Advanced payments are recorded as assets on the balance sheet. As these assets are used they are expended and recorded on the income statement for the period in which they are incurred. Insurance is a common prepaid asset, which will only be a prepaid asset because it is a proactive measure to protect business from unforeseen events. III. [countable] a forward movement towards someone or something, especially by an army. The rebels continued their advance on the capital city. IV. advances [plural] an attempt to have a sexual relationship with someone, especially when they do not want it. make advances: Evans denied making sexual advances to her. in arrears (advance) I. late in making a regular payment. Your mortgage payment is a month in arrears. II. British taxes and salaries that are paid in arrears are paid at the end of a period of time. If they are paid at the beginning of a period of time, they are paid in advance. adj. I. done, obtained, or announced before a particular time or event. We require 30 days' advance notice 提前通知 if you wish to cancel your membership. There was no advance warning before the earthquake hit. advance reservations/tickets. II. sent to a place before a larger group that will arrive later. an advance party/team/unit. 3. float someone a loan 借款, 借钱, 借贷, 申请贷款 US informal to allow someone to borrow money from you. float a loan 借贷 I. To receive a loan of money from someone or some institution. I had to float a loan to pay for the medical expenses. Thankfully they were able to float a loan and implement the repairs and upgrades the health inspector had demanded. Most people have to float a loan to pay for college in this country. II. To give, or arrange for someone to give, a loan of money to someone else. I'd be happy to float you a loan to help get your business off the ground. The house needs a lot of work, so they're looking around at creditors who might be willing to float them a loan. No bank is going to float you a loan if they have reason to think you're not gonna pay it! float verb. I. If something or someone is floating in a liquid, they are in the liquid, on or just below the surface, and are being supported by it. You can also float something on a liquid. They noticed fifty and twenty dollar bills floating in the water. ...barges floating quietly by the grassy river banks. They'll spend some time floating boats in the creek. float down We spent a lazy afternoon floating down the river. float along It feeds by simply floating along the water and scooping up fish. float out to He tossed the bottle into the waves and watched it float out to sea. float something on something The children enjoy floating their boats on the pond in the park. Fluffy white clouds were floating across the sky. II. Something that floats lies on or just below the surface of a liquid when it is put in it and does not sink. III. Something that floats in or through the air hangs in it or moves slowly and gently through it. The white cloud of smoke floated away. ...the sun's rays lighting up the dust floating in the air. figurative The sound of piano-playing floated out through 飘出 the open window. IV. If a sound or smell floats 环绕, 萦绕 to a place quite far away, it can be heard or smelled there. Sublime music floats on a scented summer breeze to the spot where you lie on the lush grass. The smells of delicious foods floated all around him. V. If you float somewhere, you walk there very lightly and gracefully. Caroline floated up the aisle on her father's arm. VI. If you float a project, plan, or idea, you suggest it for others to think about. float an idea/proposal/suggestion The partnership idea was floated at a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing last year. The French had floated the idea of placing the diplomatic work in the hands of the U.N. VII. If a company director floats their company, they start to sell shares in it to the public. He floated his firm on the stock market. The advisers decided to float 60 per cent of the shares. It was touted as the biggest float 上市 since Telstra in the 1990s, but the share market float of data centre operator Firmus is in trouble before it has even hit the share market. The bookbuild for the float closed today. There are several new businesses looking to float. float (sth) on the stock market/stock exchange etc. The group is planning to float on the New York Stock Exchange later this year. float at $3/200p/ etc. (a share) The stock was floated at 233p a share last July and closed up 3.75p last night at 286.25p. Last January the chief executive said he would only float the company if there was a "dramatic" revival in the market. VIII. If a government floats its country's currency or allows it to float, it allows the currency's value to change freely in relation to other currencies. ...the decision to float their currency. Argentina decided to let its currency float freely against the dollar. 59 per cent of people believed the pound should be allowed to float 自由兑换 freely. IX. to move smoothly and attractively: She sort of floats around, like a ballet dancer. X. to move or act without purpose: float around 游荡, 晃荡 Since he lost his job, he's just floated around doing nothing. float about UK Since he lost his job, he's just floated about doing nothing. float someone's boat to be what someone likes or is interested in: Motor racing doesn't really float my boat. be floating on air to be very happy: When he got his exam results he was floating on air. noun. I. 浮子. A float is a light object that is used to help someone or something float. II. A float is a small object attached to a fishing line which floats on the water and moves when a fish has been caught. III. A float 花车 is a truck on which displays and people in special costumes are carried in a festival procession. IV. A float 找零, 零钱 (petty cash) is a small amount of coins and notes of low value that someone has before they start selling things so that they are able to give customers change if necessary. a small amount of money kept by someone who works in a bar, etc., used for giving customers their change. V. (mainly UK also flotation 上市) a situation in which a company offers shares for sale on a stock market for the first time: The stock has been one of the great out-performers of recent times, rising more than 90% since the company's float 11 years ago. The planned flotation of the new Internet portal has been postponed. a $90 billion/£350 million, etc. float Bank of China is poised to file for $8 bn float. Shares are currently below their 330p-a-share float price. Companies must file an initial registration statement under the Exchange Act before commencing a public float. 4. hit up someone to ask someone for something, esp. money: She tried to hit me up for a loan till payday, but I didn't have any money to give her. He was hitting up everyone for money 四处借钱, 到处找人借钱. As Vulture's Jen Chaney said in her final post for the series: "We all pretty much know who did the dicks: Christa Carlyle." But even people close to the cast and crew weren't sure. As star Jimmy Tatro said, "I have some pissed off friends that hit me up 找到我 afterwards: 'Who did it man?!' I'm like, 'Did you watch the whole thing?' 'Well, yeah.' 'Then you should know!'". 5. raise a loan/mortgage/stake 获得贷款, 筹集到资金 means to obtain or secure a loan — i.e. to successfully borrow money. "The company raised a loan to fund the new equipment." "He raised a loan against the property.". TV Series - Bergerac: Rachini says Julien was there three weeks ago and he didn't have a good night. On Tuesday night, Julien called and asked if she could raise him a stake 贷款给他. The call occurred at 8:22 p.m. and lasted seven minutes. Rachini told him they had reached the end of their friendship. As they leave, Jim says she just drove a bus through 戳破 Arthur's alibi. When was Julien last here? Three weeks ago. Let's just say he did not have a good night. OK, was that when you told him you were calling in his debt 收账, 收款, 要求还款? No. That was Tuesday night. He called, asked if I could raise him a stake. Said he'd got a sure tip on the horses and if it came in ( 后边有解释. if the tip came in, my horse comes in, the bet came in (paid off, came through)), he could clear his debts. So he called you? When was this? Here we go. 8.22pm, seven-minute call. Is that a landline number? Old school. We're gonna need that. If I'm not under caution, I don't need to give you anything. But I'll tell you what. I'll take a screenshot and send it over. Did you give him the stake? He already owed me 250. Even I have my limits. So you threatened him? I said we'd reached the end of our friendship. How he chose to interpret that is up to him. can drive a truck through something = could drive a truck through (something) 漏得像筛子( memory/mind like a sieve If you have a memory or mind like a sieve, you forget things very easily. Milwaukee Bucks' Defense Is Leaking Like A Sieve: 足球: Gutless. Lose a goal and they give up. Defence is like a sieve. No tracking back, anticipation nil. Do these players want to play for Hibs or just the money? tracking back 回防: In soccer, tracking back means when an attacking or midfield player sprints or runs back toward their own goal to help defend after their team loses possession. ) Could easily show or exploit the flaws in something. If you can drive a truck through something such as an agreement, contract or argument, it has serious weaknesses or faults. Oh please, I could drive a truck through that lawyer's incoherent argument, and I plan to do just that in court tomorrow. I really thought we had a sound take on the issue. But apparently the other debate team could drive a truck through it—and boy did they. Are you seriously trying to justify plagiarizing that paper? Well, I could drive a truck right through that argument—where should I start? In my view, Miller's fiscal plan is so thin you could drive a truck through it. Note: You can also say that something has weaknesses big enough to drive a truck through. Clearly, there were loopholes in the system big enough to drive a truck through. stake noun. I. a share in something, esp. a financial share in a business, or an emotional investment in something. a share or a financial involvement in something such as a business: acquire/buy/sell a stake (in sth). increase/raise/reduce a stake (in sth). He holds a 20% stake in the company. Parents have a large stake in their children's education. hold a stake in/of He holds (= owns) a 40 percent stake in/of the company. have a stake in something If you have a stake in something, it is important to you because you have a personal interest or involvement in it: Employers have a stake in the training of their staff. a 15%/3%/10%, etc. stake His 22% stake makes him the retailer's biggest shareholder. have/hold/own a stake (in sth) The Chief Executive has a controlling stake in the company worth €58m. II. the amount of money that you risk on the result of something such as a game or competition. In an activity or competition, the stakes are the costs or risks involved in competing: The City continued to play for high stakes in shares of the airline. Given the high stakes for both hardware makers and software suppliers, neither side is likely to give up easily. Global competition has raised the stakes of doing business. high-stakes She spent two weeks in Las Vegas playing high-stakes blackjack at the casinos. the stakes [plural] In an activity or competition, the stakes are the reward for the person who wins or succeeds in it: The team is playing for enormous stakes - the chance to play in the final. the Stakes used in the names of horse races in which the prize money is provided by all the owners of the horses that are competing in the race: The Twixt Stakes is held at Laurel Park Racecourse. the beauty, popularity, etc. stakes UK a situation where someone is judged on how much of a particular quality they have: in the beauty, popularity, etc. stakes 颜值不高, 不受欢迎, 欢迎度不高 The prime minister is not very high in the popularity stakes (= he is not very popular) at the moment. III. a strong stick or metal bar with a pointed end: Stakes in the ground marked the outline of the new building. The stakes are pushed or hammered into the ground and can be used for supporting a plant or forming part of a fence. the stake 木桩, 木柱 in the past, a wooden post to which people were tied before being burned to death as a punishment: burned at the stake 耻辱柱 In medieval Europe, people accused of heresy were often burned at the stake. verb. I. to risk an amount of money: stake something on something 赌上 At the roulette table, he staked $10,000 on number 21. II. to hold up and support something by fastening it to stakes: Tomato plants should be staked 爬架子, 搭架子 (luffa trellis 丝瓜架) soon after they are planted. (A tomato trellis is a support structure designed to keep plants growing vertically. This practice improves airflow, prevents pests, and increases fruit yields. Popular methods include the Florida Weave, Single-Stem String Trellising, and traditional Tomato Cages or Stakes.). III. to risk harming or losing something important: He has talent and ambition, and I'd stake my reputation on his success. at stake if something like money, a job, or someone's reputation is at stake, it is in danger of being lost because of a particular situation: The company's reputation is at stake and they need to act quickly and decisively. Up to 300 jobs are thought to be at stake at head office. stake a/your claim to state that you have a right to something and that it should belong to you: Foreign companies across a range of sectors seek to stake a claim in China's fast-growing economy. stake a claim to/for/on sth to announce that something belongs to you: Stacy staked her claim to her uncle's fortune. Various countries are trying to stake their claims to the oil under the polar ice cap. stake something out 监视 I. to watch a place continuously in order to catch criminals or to see a famous person. to secretly watch a place, esp. for illegal activity: A group of reporters staked out the hallway, hoping to catch the singer on her way out. The police staked out the hotel where the two terrorists were reported to be staying. II. to establish or make clear your opinion or position on something: Two of the president's chief advisers have staked out opposite positions 表明立场 on this issue. New software companies are going to find it hard staking out a position 占据一席之地 in an already crowded market. III. to claim ownership of or a particular interest in something: All politicians will stake out lowering taxes as their very own idea. stake somewhere/something out 占据, 占地方 to mark the limits of an area or a piece of land with wooden sticks in order to claim that you own it. to show clearly that you claim the right to own, control, or use a particular area, for example by putting personal things there: Each gang in the city has staked out its territory and defends it from other gangs. They arrived early for the concert and staked out a place 占地盘, 占地方 at the front of the queue. stake someone to something 提供, 供应 to provide someone with a particular thing or with what is needed to get it: The governor has promised to stake the city's homeless to what they need for a fresh start. go to the stake for something 冒风险, 冒险, 以身涉险 to defend an action, opinion, or belief despite the risks that are involved: She was prepared to go to the stake for her views. pull up stakes 搬家, 拔寨 US informal (UK up sticks) to take all the things that you own and go and live in a different place: This is the fourth time in five years that we've had to pull up stakes. stake something on something 赌上... to risk harming or losing something important if an action, decision, or situation does not have the result you want or expect: I think she'll be head of this company in five year's time - I'd stake my reputation on it. equity stake the part of a company that a person or organization owns, represented by the number of shares they have: Investors provide capital in exchange for equity stakes. take/acquire/have an equity stake (in sth) The investment bank intends to take an equity stake in the firm as part of its involvement with the takeover. a small/large/significant equity stake. raise/up the stakes I. 增加赌注. 增加筹码. to increase the amount of money or valuables hazarded in a gambling game. to increase the prize or reward in a competition or any activity in which you are competing: The fight promoters have decided to raise the stakes in order to attract better competitors. The stakes were raised this year, meaning that poker players were competing for almost $5 million in prize money. She refused to pay unless the tournament organizers upped the stakes for women. Another couple upped the stakes by offering over £3.5m for the property. A shortage of housing has raised the stakes for estate agents. II. to make a situation more urgent or more difficult to ignore. to increase the costs, risks, or considerations involved in taking an action or reaching a conclusion. the Libyan allegations raised the stakes in the propaganda war between Libya and the United States. The stowaways are trying to raise the stakes by refusing to eat until they are given money and aid. The president has upped the stakes by sending troops to the border. This legal decision could raise the stakes for all similar employment cases. Stiffer sentences have raised the stakes for drug traffickers. The supermarket's special offers have upped the stakes in this retail war. stowaway 逃票者, 偷渡者: A person who hides on a vehicle to get a free ride is a stowaway. If your cat sneaks into the back seat of your car and travels to school with you, she's a stowaway too! The verb phrase stow away came first, meaning "conceal," from stow, or "stash." By the 1840s, stowaway was being used as a noun to mean "clandestine traveler." Anyone who sneaks onto a boat, plane, or train and hides out during the trip, stowing themselves someplace secluded, can be described as a stowaway. raise I. to increase the amount, level, or quality of something: The Bank of England was expected to raise the cost of borrowing after higher than expected inflation figures. raise salaries/prices/taxes 提价, 涨工资, 涨税 There is increasing pressure on exporters to raise prices in foreign markets. raise awareness/standards/quality 提高意识, 提高标准, 提高品质 The new government is pledging to raise standards in education. II. 提出问题. 融资. 筹集资金. to cause to exist: Her answers raised doubts/fears/suspicions in my mind. This discussion has raised many important issues/problems. The announcement raised a cheer/laugh 引起欢呼, 引起哄堂大笑. I want to raise (= talk about) two problems/questions with you. I want to start my own business if I can raise (= obtain) the money/cash/capital/funds. raise concerns/doubts/fears to mention something that you are worried or not sure about so that it can be examined and dealt with: The company announced a package of reforms to address concerns raised by shareholders. raise issues/objections/questions 提出反对, 提出疑问, 提出质疑. formal The chapel was raised (= built) as a memorial to her son. to manage to get money to invest in a business, project, property, etc.: raise capital/funds/money We will raise funds for reconstruction by disposing of assets. The share issue in the coffee company aims to raise €5m from investors eager to invest in ethical concerns. raise a loan/mortgage/stake 获得贷款, 筹集到资金 means to obtain or secure a loan — i.e. to successfully borrow money. "The company raised a loan to fund the new equipment." "He raised a loan against the property.". II. 养育, 养大. to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown: Her parents died when she was a baby and she was raised by her grandparents. The lambs had to be raised by hand (= fed milk by people) when their mother died. The farmer raises (= breeds) chickens and pigs. The soil around here isn't good enough for raising (= growing) crops 种植庄稼. III. If you raise another player in a game of cards, you risk more money than that player has risked: I'll raise you. I'll raise you $50. IV. to end or stop: They agreed to raise/lift the trade embargo if three conditions were met. After three weeks the siege was raised. V. to communicate with someone, especially by phone or radio: I've been trying to raise Jack/Tokyo all day. VI. to prepare an invoice (US: "issue an invoice" or "send an invoice". "making out an invoice" is natural and correct too — it means to write up or prepare an invoice. "Can you make out an invoice for this order?" "I'll make out an invoice and send it over." It's the same construction as: "make out a cheque" — write a cheque. "make out a receipt" — write up a receipt. "raise a purchase order", "raise a credit note". In fact "raise" is commonly used across all business/financial documents in Commonwealth English. It carries the sense of formally creating or initiating a document in a business context. "Raise a cheque" is particularly common in corporate/accounting settings — e.g. an accounts department would say "I'll raise a cheque for that payment" rather than "write a cheque", which sounds more personal/informal. ): The exporter raises an invoice 开发票 in the usual way on the overseas buyer. "I'll raise an invoice for that work today." "Please raise an invoice for the full amount." VII. to make or arrange a phone call, especially to discuss technical help, business, etc.: If you have a technical fault, you can raise a call using the in-house system. call in I. 催款, 要求还款, 催账, 催收账, 收款. 收账. 收贷 to call for payment; collect. call in a loan/debt to officially tell someone to pay back money you lent them The bank can call in the loan at any time. The family struggled because her father was unwilling to call in the debts owed to him. II. to call upon for consultation; ask for help. Management called in an independent engineering firm to determine the cause behind the roof collapse. III. to inform, report, or request by telephone. The electric company will reward customers with a credit if they call in their own meter readings. Your doctor can call in the prescription to your local pharmacy. IV. to participate in a meeting or a radio or television program by telephone. The listeners who call in to my talk show about science ask the most intriguing questions. V. to visit. We were instructed to call in to the office later to pay and complete the formal paperwork. call in on sb to visit a person or place while you are on your way to somewhere else Could you call in on Mum on your way home? VI. to withdraw from circulation. The country's leader issued a proclamation calling in 召回(recall) all gold coins and gold certificates. VII. to telephone somewhere, especially the place where you work, to tell them where you are, what you are doing etc Rachael called in sick (=telephoned to say she was too ill to come to work). come in I. to enter a room or building: Do you want to come in for a cup of tea? Hi, come in - great to see you! II. (of a bus, train, plane, etc.) to arrive at a particular place: Hasn't his train come in yet? Our flights came in within an hour of each other (Our flights landed back to back). "The train came in 进站 late (got in late, pulled in late)." "What time does your flight come in?" "The ship came in early this morning." III. (of a product) to become available: We are waiting for new stock to come in 到货. He has the book on order and expects it to come in 到货 next week. IV. (of a law, rule, or system) to be introduced and start to be used: Many thousands of people have given up smoking since this legislation came in 生效. It will be several months before the new rules come in. V. 变流行. to become fashionable or popular. When a new idea, fashion, or product comes in, it becomes popular or available. It was just when geography was really beginning to change and lots of new ideas were coming in. I wouldn't be sorry to see proportional representation come in. Flared trousers 喇叭裤 first came in during the 1970s. As with so many other fashions, the trend for dressing down at work seems to be going out almost before it has come in. VI. When news or information comes in, it is received: Reports are just coming in 信息/消息/新闻/报道开始进来 of a major accident on the motorway. VII. If you have money coming in, you receive it as income: With Dave unemployed, we don't have much money coming in at the moment. If more funding comes in, we may be able to restore some of our services. VIII. to become involved in a situation, story, or plan: We need expert advice, and that's where you come in 出场. His character doesn't come in until about halfway through the film. to become involved in a situation, plan, or discussion. If you ask where something or someone comes in, you are asking what their role is in a particular matter. Rose asked again, 'But where do we come in, Henry?' Finally, he could do no more, which is where Jacques came in. come in on sth 参与进来, 加入 If someone comes in on a discussion, arrangement, or task, they join it. Can I come in here too, on both points? He had a designer come in and redesign the uniforms. Can I come in on that issue? IX. to begin playing or singing as part of a piece of music, either for the first time or after a pause: My favourite part of the song is that moment when the horns come in. The soloist has a long wait before coming in again. The DJ has to cue up the second piece of music so it comes in on the first beat of a bar. X. When the sea or the tide comes in 涨潮, the water moves forwards to cover more of the beach. (of the ocean tide) to be rising to a higher level: By the time we got to the beach the tide had come in. come in first, second, etc. to finish a race in first, second, etc. position: Burns came in second in the 100 metres. XI. to prove to be. it came in useful. come in handy If something comes in handy, it is useful in a particular situation. That key will come in handy if you lock yourself out. The $20 check came in very handy. come in useful If an object or skill comes in useful, it can help you achieve something in a particular situation. come in from the cold = come in out of the cold I. (espionage) Of a spy: to return home after having gone undercover in enemy territory. II. (figurative) To gain widespread acceptance in a group or society, especially where there was not any before. Long an outsider in Western politics, Portugal came in from the cold after the 1974 Carnation Revolution. Return to shelter and safety, be welcomed into a group. Bill was fed up with traveling on his own for the company and hoped they'd let him come in from the cold. After years of not being invited to join, Steve was finally asked to come in out of the cold.
