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用法学习: 1. fertile [fɜːrtaɪl , US -təl] I. Land or soil that is fertile is able to support the growth of a large number of strong healthy plants. ...fertile soil. ...the rolling fertile countryside of East Cork. He was able to bring large sterile acreages back to fertility. Rich 肥沃 soil contains large amounts of substances that make it good for growing crops or flowers in. Farmers grow rice in the rich soil. If you say that something is a rich vein or source of something 肥沃的土壤, 取之不尽的源泉 such as humour, ideas, or information, you mean that it can provide a lot of that thing. The director discovered a rich vein of sentimentality. My collection of Victorian literature turned out to be a rich and often hilarious source of information. II. A fertile mind or imagination 想象力丰富 is able to produce a lot of good, original ideas. ...a product of Flynn's fertile imagination. A chess player must have a fertile imagination and rich sense of fantasy. III. A situation or environment that is fertile in relation to a particular activity or feeling encourages the activity or feeling. ...a fertile breeding ground for this kind of violent racism. IV. 能生育的. A person or animal that is fertile is able to reproduce and have babies or young. The operation cannot be reversed to make her fertile again. Doctors will tell you that pregnancy is the only sure test for fertility. productive I. Someone or something that is productive produces or does a lot for the amount of resources used. Training makes workers highly productive. More productive farmers have been able to provide cheaper food. ...fertile and productive 产出量大的 soils 肥沃的土壤, 富饶的土地. The company is certain to reinvest its profits productively. II. 富有成效的. 有成果的. If you say that a relationship between people is productive, you mean that a lot of good or useful things happen as a result of it. He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be productive. ...the chairman's role in fostering productive relationships between his senior colleagues. They feel they are interacting productively with elderly patients. III. Something that is productive of a situation or feeling creates it. [formal] Land, labor and capital are all productive of wealth. flowering n. The flowering of something such as an idea or artistic style is the development of its popularity and success. He is happy with the flowering of new thinking, but he hasn't contributed to it himself. ...the flowering of creative genius. adj. Flowering shrubs, trees, or plants are those which produce noticeable flowers. 2. Folau was exercising his right to free speech, sure. Free speech does not mean freedom from the consequences of expressing hateful views. And free speech, as a high-profile athlete, comes with deep responsibility. Positivity should beam down from such a lofty perch, not putrid 腐臭味, 馊味 bigotry(I. decayed and having an unpleasant smell. of organic matter) decaying or rotting and emitting a fetid smell. "a butcher who sold putrid meat". the putrid body of a dead fox. What's that putrid smell? II. very unpleasant; repulsive. "the cocktail is a putrid pink colour".). How on earth is a young, impressionable rugby fan who may be grappling with their sexuality supposed to feel about Folau, the Wallabies' biggest name, telling them that they are "evil" and hellbound? This is a legitimate life and death issue – just look at the statistics. Folau deliberately demonised, for a second time, members of both these fragile demographic groups. They are the last people in our society who need such emotional abuse. It remains to be seen if his latest outburst will cost the sport sponsorship. The champion No.8 did not come down severely on Folau in the first instance of his public homophobia, but must almost feel that a working relationship with his teammate is untenable [ʌntenəbəl] 难以为继的, 难以维系的(An argument, theory, or position that is untenable cannot be defended successfully against criticism or attack. This argument is untenable from an intellectual, moral and practical standpoint. He claimed the charges against him were untenable.). His response will be telling. The Wallabies didn't need to go into this event as the bad guys. They are already, on last year’s form at least, inept 无能的, 没有任何本事的 [ɪˈnept] also-rans 陪跑, 陪太子读书的人(inept [ɪˈnept] someone who is inept does not have much ability or skill. I was a hopelessly inept student. a. used about things that are done very badly. an appallingly inept performance. also-ran I. a loser in a race or other contest, especially by a large margin. "the line between champions and also-rans". II. informal an undistinguished or unsuccessful person or thing. If you describe someone as an also-ran, you mean that they have been or are likely to be unsuccessful in a contest. ). But here's something to consider: is Folau playing the most extreme brand of sporting martyr card? Is he spouting ( spout I. 喷射. If something spouts liquid or fire, or if liquid or fire spout out of something, it comes out very quickly with a lot of force. He replaced the boiler when the last one began to spout flames. The main square has a fountain that spouts water 40 feet into the air. In a storm, water spouts out of the blowhole just like a whale. II. Spout forth/spout off 乱喷 If you say that a person spouts something, you disapprove of them because they say something which you do not agree with or which you think they do not honestly feel. [disapproval] He used his column to spout ill-informed criticism of the Scots rugby team....an estate agent spouting forth about houses. All too often he is spouting off about matters which should not concern him. n. I. A spout of liquid is a long stream of it which is coming out of something very forcefully. II. A spout is a long, hollow part of a container through which liquids can be poured out easily. ) more hateful rhetoric in the name of religion because the consequences, ultimately, do not concern him? Folau said that he was disappointed in his treatment by Rugby Australia after last year's homophobia scandal, even after he was hit with a wet lettuce leaf ( whipped/slapped with a wet lettuce leaf. Right wet lettuce: someone who had no personality. Wet Lettuce: An emotionally weak person. When someone has their personality rapidly drained from them and does everything their girlfriend asks. And then they start lieing about where there going with elaborate tales cos they're scared they will get beaten up. Keith: Where's Brooksy tonight. Lloyd: He said he was comin but his bird rang and he quickly disappeared. Keith: WHAT A FUCKIN WET LETTUCE!) as punishment. "After we'd all talked, I told Raelene if she felt the situation had become untenable — that I was hurting Rugby Australia, its sponsors and the Australian rugby community to such a degree that things couldn't be worked through — I would walk away from my contract, immediately," Folau wrote in a column for PlayersVoice. Folau, by those words, is willing to blow up his rugby career if he feels that it is interfering with his religious views. By Wednesday's episode, he clearly is not willing to be silent on beliefs that tend to the extreme end of the Christian spectrum. 3. astrology [əˈstrɑlədʒi] 星座学(Pisces is the twelfth astrological [ˌæstrəˈlɑdʒɪk(ə)l] sign in the Zodiac.) the study of the movement of the stars and planets and how some people think they influence people's characters and lives. Astrology is a pseudoscience that claims to divine information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the movements and relative positions of celestial objects. Many cultures have attached importance to astronomical events, and some—such as the Hindus, Chinese, and the Maya—developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. astronomical [ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪk(ə)l] I. If you describe an amount, especially the cost of something as astronomical, you are emphasizing that it is very large indeed. Houses in the village are selling for astronomical prices. The cost will be astronomical. He was astronomically wealthy. House prices had risen astronomically. II. Astronomical means relating to astronomy. ...the British Astronomical Association. astronomy [əˈstrɑnəmi] 天文学 Astronomy is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space. horoscope [ˈhɔrəˌskoʊp] 星象, 运势 a description of someone's character and the likely events in their life that is based on astrology (=the position of the stars and the date they were born). A horoscope is an astrological chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, astrological aspects and sensitive angles at the time of an event, such as the moment of a person's birth. Other commonly used names for the horoscope in English include natal chart, astrological chart, astro-chart 星运图, 运势图, celestial map, sky-map, star-chart, cosmogram, vitasphere, radical chart, radix, chart wheel or simply chart. It is used as a method of divination regarding events relating to the point in time it represents, and it forms the basis of the horoscopic traditions of astrology. In common usage, horoscope often refers to an astrologer's interpretation, usually based on a system of solar Sun sign astrology; based strictly on the position of the Sun at the time of birth, or on the calendar significance of an event, as in Chinese astrology. 4. musicality [mjuːzɪˈkaləti] 音乐性, 音乐感, 音乐才能 I. 乐感. musical talent or sensitivity. a knowledge of music and the ability to be sensitive to it. "her beautiful, rich tone and innate musicality". II. the quality of having a pleasant sound; melodiousness. "the natural musicality of the language". technicality [teknɪkælɪt] I. The technicalities of a process or activity are the detailed methods used to do it or to carry it out. ...the technicalities of classroom teaching. [+ of]. II. A technicality is a point, especially a legal one, that is based on a strict interpretation of the law or of a set of rules. The earlier verdict was overturned on a legal technicality. out on the town Visiting a town or city for a day or evening for the purpose of having an enjoyable time, typically by visiting various establishments, such as restaurants, clubs, etc. He wanted to take me out on the town. We were out on the town last night for Valerie's birthday. That's why we're all exhausted today. I had a night on the town with my closest friends from school last weekend. Fig. celebrating at one or more places in a town. I'm really tired. I was out on the town until dawn. We went out on the town to celebrate our wedding anniversary. 5. serenade [ˌserəˈneɪd] 情歌. a song or a piece of music that is traditionally performed by a man outside the house of the woman who he loves. a love song that is sung directly to one's love interest, especially one performed below the window of a loved one in the evening. v. 唱情歌. to perform a song or a piece of music for someone, especially someone who you love. take the grenade / take one for the team: to suffer a task or experience in order to shield other members of some group from the displeasure; "take one for the team". To sacrafice yourself by feigning interest in the hot girl's/guy's fat/ugly/annoying friend. Generally done while going out with a group of people, as it would be senseless to fall on the grenade solo. Rupert: Thanks for taking the grenade last night, man. It was totally sweet hooking up with that really hot girl. How was hooking up with her ugly friend?" Cornelius: Not so bad once I got the brown paper bag over her head. ballad [bæləd] 情歌 I. music a popular love song. A ballad is a slow, romantic, popular song. 'You Don't Know Paris' is one of the most beautiful ballads that he ever wrote. II. literature a long poem that tells a story. 6. mortal I. One who is not a god; a human being. II. (idiomatic) 普通人. 普通老百姓. An ordinary person; Someone without special abilities or status. an ordinary person who is not especially successful, intelligent, rich etc. She's a mere mortal like the rest of us. lesser mortal (lesser minds, greater minds) A person of lower rank, station or ability. the impatience with lesser mortals sometimes shown by academics. The better-off tend to look upon us as lesser mortals. lesser adj I. formal smaller, less important, or less serious than something else. You can use lesser to refer to something or someone that is less important than other things or people of the same type. They pleaded guilty to lesser charges of criminal damage. He was feared by other, lesser, men. matters of lesser importance. He was flanked by two officers of lesser rank. lesser charge: She was found guilty of the lesser charge of manslaughter. II. used in the names of some animals, birds, or plants to show that they are a smaller type. III. You use lesser in order to indicate that something is smaller in extent, degree, or amount than another thing that has been mentioned. Any medication is affected to a greater or lesser extent by many factors. The more obvious potential allies are Ireland, Denmark and, to a lesser degree, the Netherlands. Lesser is also an adverb. ...lesser known works by famous artists. a lesser man/woman/person someone who is not as good or as moral as someone else. A lesser man wouldn't have admitted he was wrong. the lesser of two evils the less unpleasant or harmful of two possible choices. He's convinced the voters that he is the lesser of two evils. to a lesser extent/degree less strongly, or not as much She was encouraged by her mother and, to a lesser extent, her father. mortal adj I. human and not able to live for ever. His heart attack made him realize that he is mortal. II. serious enough to cause death. a mortal wound/blow/injury. a. likely to end with someone's death. mortal combat/struggle. mortal enemy 一生的敌人 someone who hates another person and will always hate them. The rich and famous like Aspen because the airport is long enough for fancy private jets and close enough to town that your private driver could have you sitting at Bad Harriet's with a Harlot cocktail in your hand within 20 minutes of deplaning. Even for mere mortals who have to take taxis or hotel shuttle buses, everything is close. andrology [anˈdrɒlədʒi] 男科(androgynous [ænˈdrɑdʒənəs] 雌雄同体的 I. an androgynous person is neither clearly male nor clearly female. II. biology an androgynous animal or plant has both male and female parts. anthology 选集: In book publishing, an anthology is a collection of literary works chosen by the compiler. It may be a collection of poems, short stories, plays, songs, or excerpts by different authors. In genre fiction, anthology is used to categorize collections of shorter works such as short stories and short novels, by different authors, each featuring unrelated casts of characters and settings, and usually collected into a single volume for publication. The complete collections of works are often called complete works 全集 or Opera Omnia (Latin language equivalent). anthropology 人类学 [ˌænθrəˈpɑlədʒi] the study of human societies, customs, and beliefs. Someone who studies anthropology is called an anthropologist. Paleoanthropology 古人类学 ( Ross: paleontologist [ˌpæliɑnˈtɑlədʒist] 古生物学家) or paleo-anthropology is a branch of archaeology with a human focus, which seeks to understand the early development of anatomically modern humans, a process known as hominization, through the reconstruction of evolutionary kinship lines within the family Hominidae, working from biological evidence (such as petrified skeletal remains, bone fragments, footprints) and cultural evidence (such as stone tools, artifacts, and settlement localities). paleo- UK = before a vowel pale- = (esp US) of palaeo-  a. ancient, early, prehistoric, primitive. Paleozoic, Paleolithic. b. involving or dealing with (specified) forms, conditions, phenomena, fossils, etc. of remote, esp. geologic, eras (the following words are examples of this use in compounds). ) the branch of physiology and medicine which deals with diseases and conditions specific to men. Andrology is the medical specialty that deals with male health, particularly relating to the problems of the male reproductive system and urological problems that are unique to men. It is the counterpart to gynaecology [ˌɡaɪnəˈkɑlədʒi] (gynecology) 妇科(obstetrician [ˌɑbstəˈtrɪʃ(ə)n] 产科医生 a doctor whose job is to check the health of pregnant women and help with the birth of their children. obstetrics [əbˈstetrɪks] 产科 the part of medicine that deals with pregnant women and childbirth. pediatrics [ˌpidiˈætrɪks] 儿科 the part of medical science that deals with children and the treatment of their illnesses. pediatrician = paediatrician [ˌpiːdiəˈtrɪʃ(ə)n] ), which deals with medical issues which are specific to female health, especially reproductive and urologic health. give out I. [transitive] to give something to several people. The office gives out financial advice to students. II. [intransitive] if something such as a machine or a part of your body gives out, it stops working 停止工作. His heart finally gave out 心脏停止跳动 under the strain. For a dog, 19's a good age, but her heart's given out 心脏已经不行了, 老化了. We should put her to sleep to spare her suffering. III. [intransitive] if a supply of something has given out, all of it has been used. Their water gave out two days ago 停供, 停止供应, 断水, 断电, 断供. give out something 发出声音, 发出光芒 to produce something such as a sound or light The quietest devices give out only a low, almost inaudible hum. 7. Brownstone (美国常见的sandstone建筑) is a brown Triassic-Jurassic sandstone which was once a popular building material. The term is also used in the United States to refer to a townhouse clad in this, or any of a number of aesthetically similar materials. Brownstone was deemed "not really much good as a building material" by Vincent Scully, professor emeritus of the history of art at Yale University. Brownstone was popular because it is unusually easy to carve and quarry, but these qualities also made houses clad in it to be susceptible to weathering and damage over time. 8. play-fight verb and noun 打打闹闹, 装打仗, 打闹 An unrefereed contest in which participants try to dominate each other without inflicting injury. A pretend or recreational fight. Horseplay is defined as boisterous fooling around, or to rough play. When two kids are tussling around and play-fighting each other, this is an example of horseplay.

 Man In An Orange Shirt: After Flora bequeathes ( bequeath [bɪˈkwið] 遗赠, 赠与 to give someone money or property after you die by making a legal document called a will. bequeath something to someone: She bequeathed her jewelry to her niece. bequeath someone something: His uncle bequeathed him $5,000.) Adam his grandfather's old cottage, he hires architect Steve, who lives in an open relationship with the elder Caspar. Despite Adam's fear of intimacy, he embarks on a slow love affair with Steve, who eventually tells Caspar he is leaving him for Adam. As Flora learns about the relationship and thus Adam's sexual orientation, the fear and rage that she had silenced against her husband breaks out. After her discovery of the love letters, her next responses were stranger and more damaging. She never told him what she had discovered. She simply never let him in her bed again – encouraging the adoption of separate beds under a single hypocritical quilt, and then separate bedrooms. Thinking herself, as the wife and daughter of prison governors, well versed in such sordid matters, she assumed the revelation meant he was a paedophile, so thereafter saw to it that he was never left alone with any of us. I did not have a single private moment with my father until my teens, when he retired, and I began to have tentative ( I. not definite, or not certain. a tentative agreement/deal. II. not confident a tentative look/smile. ) encounters with this near stranger now present at weekday breakfasts. Cottaging (gay beat in AU) (In Australia, the term beat is used to refer to an area frequented by gay men, where sexual acts occur. This use of the word parodies the beat walked by a police officer or a prostitute. Most commonly, public toilets, parks, and nightclubs are used as beats, though sometimes suburban car parks become beats after nightfall. Sex researchers have found that a considerable proportion of men who use "beats" are men who have sex with men (MSMs) rather than gay-identifying. This is possibly because, while gay men have a plethora of venues for meeting legitimately, MSMs – who are often closeted – do not risk being observed in (or reported as attending) gay venues. ) is a gay slang term, originating from the United Kingdom, referring to anonymous sex between men in a public lavatory (a "cottage", "tea-room" ), or cruising for sexual partners with the intention of having sex elsewhere. The term has its roots in self-contained English toilet blocks resembling small cottages in their appearance; in the English cant language of Polari this became a double entendre by gay men referring to sexual encounters. The word "cottage", usually meaning a small, cosy, countryside home, is documented as having been in use during the Victorian era to refer to a public toilet and by the 1960s its use in this sense had become an exclusively homosexual slang term. This usage is predominantly British, though the term is occasionally used with the same meaning in other parts of the world. Among gay men in the United States, lavatories used for this purpose are called tea rooms.

 breakout character VS breakout role (=breakthrough role): A breakout character is a character in serial fiction, usually stories involving an ensemble cast, who becomes more prominent, popular, discussed, and/or imitated than was originally intended or expected. The series from which the breakout character springs may be in the form of a novel, magazine, television series, comic strip, game or combination. A breakthrough role, also known as breakout role, is a term in the film industry to describe the performance of an actor or actress in a performance which contributed significantly to the development of their career and beginning of critical recognition. A similar term, big break, indicates the occurrence for the performer, not the role itself. Such a moment in an actor's career may often occur some time after they begin acting as their roles become more substantial. Often a breakthrough role is a significant increase in importance in the actor's part in the film moving up from a minor character or extra to one of the leading cast, or a "high impact" role in a film which has mainstream success and results in the widespread recognition or popularity of the actor. Martin Shingler defines a breakthrough performance as one which "attracts the attention of film critics, or receives rave reviews and is subsequently nominated for a major film award."

wine

Wine is an alcoholic drink made from fermented 发酵 grapes. Yeast 酵母 consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol, carbon dioxide, and heat. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine.

Red wine: The red-wine production process involves extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin. Red wine is made from dark-colored grape varieties. The actual color of the wine can range from violet, typical of young wines, through red for mature wines, to brown for older red wines. The juice from most purple grapes is actually greenish-white; the red color comes from anthocyan pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which actually have red flesh and produce red juice. Cabernet Sauvignon 赤霞珠 (ka 波 net，骚为娘) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc. Despite its prominence in the industry, the grape is a relatively new variety, the product of a chance crossing between Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon blanc during the 17th century in southwestern France. Its popularity is often attributed to its ease of cultivation—the grapes have thick skins and the vines are hardy and naturally low yielding, budding late to avoid frost and resistant to viticultural hazards such as rot and insects—and to its consistent presentation of structure and flavours which express the typical character ("typicity") of the variety. Familiarity and ease of pronunciation have helped to sell Cabernet Sauvignon wines to consumers, even when from unfamiliar wine regions. Its widespread popularity has also contributed to criticism of the grape as a "colonizer" that takes over wine regions at the expense of native grape varieties. Merlot 摸儿楼 is a dark blue-colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines. The name Merlot is thought to be a diminutive of merle, the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to the color of the grape. Its softness and "fleshiness", combined with its earlier ripening, makes Merlot a popular grape for blending with the sterner, later-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon, which tends to be higher in tannin. Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Merlot is one of the primary grapes used in Bordeaux wine, and it is the most widely planted grape in the Bordeaux wine regions. Merlot is also one of the most popular red wine varietals in many markets.

White wine: Fermentation of the non-colored grape pulp produces white wine. The grapes from which white wine is produced are typically green or yellow. Dark-skinned grapes may be used to produce white wine if the wine-maker is careful not to let the skin stain the wort during the separation of the pulp-juice. Pinot noir, for example, is commonly used to produce champagne. Dry (non-sweet) white wine is the most common, derived from the complete fermentation of the wort. Sweet wines are produced when the fermentation is interrupted before all the grape sugars are converted into alcohol. Sparkling wines, which are mostly white wines, are produced by not allowing carbon dioxide from the fermentation to escape during fermentation, which takes place in the bottle rather than in the barrel.

Rosé wine: A rosé wine incorporates some of the color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine. There are three primary ways to produce rosé wine: skin contact (allowing dark grape skins to stain the wort), saignée (removing juice from the must early in fermentation and continuing fermentation of the juice separately), and blending (uncommon and discouraged in most wine growing regions). Rosé wines can be made still, semi-sparkling, or sparkling, with a wide range of sweetness levels from dry Provençal rosé to sweet White Zinfandels and blushes. Rosé wines are made from a wide variety of grapes all over the world.

Fruit wines: Wines from other fruits, such as apples and berries, are usually named after the fruit from which they are produced combined with the word "wine" (for example, apple wine and elderberry wine) and are generically called fruit wine or country wine (not to be confused with the French term vin de pays). Other than the grape varieties traditionally used for wine-making, most fruits naturally lack either sufficient fermentable sugars, relatively low acidity, yeast nutrients needed to promote or maintain fermentation, or a combination of these three characteristics. This is probably one of the main reasons why wine derived from grapes has historically been more prevalent by far than other types, and why specific types of fruit wine have generally been confined to regions in which the fruits were native or introduced for other reasons.

Other drinks called "wine", such as barley wine and rice wine (e.g. sake), are made from starch-based materials and resemble beer more than traditional wine, while ginger wine is fortified with brandy. In these latter cases, the term "wine" refers to the similarity in alcohol content rather than to the production process. The commercial use of the English word "wine" (and its equivalent in other languages) is protected by law in many jurisdictions.

Table wine is a wine term with two different meanings: a style of wine and a quality level within wine classification. In the United States, table wine primarily designates a wine style: ordinary wine which is neither fortified nor sparkling nor expensive. In the European Union wine regulations, table wine (TW) is the lower of two overall quality categories, the higher of which is Quality Wines Produced in Specified Regions (QWPSR).

Dessert wines, sometimes called pudding wines, are sweet wines typically served with dessert. There is no simple definition of a dessert wine. In the UK, a dessert wine is considered to be any sweet wine drunk with a meal, as opposed to the white fortified wines (fino and amontillado sherry) drunk before the meal, and the red fortified wines (port and madeira) drunk after it. Thus, most fortified wines are regarded as distinct from dessert wines, but some of the less strong fortified white wines, such as Pedro Ximénez sherry and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise, are regarded as honorary dessert wines 荣誉甜点葡萄酒. In the United States, by contrast, a dessert wine is legally defined as any wine over 14% alcohol by volume, which includes all fortified wines - and is taxed more highly as a result. This dates back to a time when the US wine industry only made dessert wines by fortification, but such a classification is outdated now that modern yeast and viticulture can produce dry wines over 15% without fortification, yet German dessert wines can contain half that amount of alcohol. A general rule is that the wine should be sweeter than the food it is served with - a perfectly ripe peach has been described as the ideal partner for many dessert wines, whereas it makes sense not to drink wine at all with many chocolate- and toffee-based dishes. Red dessert wines like Recioto della Valpolicella and fortified wines like the vin doux naturel Muscats are the best matches for such difficult-to-pair desserts. Quite often, the wine itself can be a dessert, but bakery sweets can make a good match, particularly with a little bitterness like the almond biscuits that are dunked in Vin Santo. A development of this matching of contrasts is a rich savoury dish like the foie gras that is a traditional partner to Sauternes. White dessert wines are generally served somewhat chilled, but can be easily served too cold. Red dessert wines are served at room temperature or slightly chilled.

Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled 蒸馏的 spirit, usually brandy, is added. One reason for fortifying wine was to preserve it, since ethanol is a natural antiseptic. Even though other preservation methods now exist, fortification continues to be used because the process can add distinct flavors to the finished product. Fortified wine, also called dessert wine, has a higher alcohol content than other wines. Contrary to popular belief, this higher alcohol content is not a result of distilling these wines; it is due to the addition of spirits. Why were spirits originally added to wine, and what are the features of the varieties of fortified wine?

Sweetness: All of these terms—dry, sweet and semi-dry—refer to a level of sweetness or residual sugar in a wine. A wine is considered "dry" when all of the grape sugar is converted to alcohol during fermentation, while a sweet wine still has some residual sugar. "Semi-dry" or "off dry" wines have a mild or softly perceptible sweetness. These terms can get confusing quickly, because sweetness sensitivity varies from person to person, and because sometimes a wine can be technically dry but give the impression of being sweet because the grapes were very ripe or the oak barrels imparted a sense of sweetness—like a caramel or cream soda note—to the wine. "Sweet" also seems to be a strange trigger word among people talking about wine—some people say they don't like sweet wines because they think liking sweet wines would make them look like novices. That is nonsense—plenty of world-class wines have residual sugar in them. Because of these factors, I find myself avoiding the terms "sweet" or "residual sugar" if there's any chance of confusion. I like to use the term "richness," which implies the perception of sugar with less negative connotation. As far as what to call the category, you might want to use the term "style," as in "made in an off-dry style."

Wine Body Guide – Light, Medium & Heavy Body! One of the primary ways to analyze and talk about wine is by discussing a wine's body. While as upstanding ladies and gentlemen we'd normally never talk about someone's body, in wine talking about body is not a discussion of shapeliness, but instead an analysis of the way a wine feels inside our mouth. Wine body breaks down into three categories: light body, medium body and full body, and a good way to think about the difference between them is the way skim milk, whole milk and cream feel in your mouth. While there are many factors that can contribute to a wine's body, the main factor is alcohol. Because of this, knowing the influence alcohol has on the body of a wine is a good trick to help you quickly know what category of body the wine you are drinking will fall under. The reason alcohol is the main contributor to a wine's body is because alcohol is what gives a wine its viscosity (viscosity [vɪskɒsɪti] 黏稠度, 粘度 Viscosity is the quality that some liquids have of being thick and sticky. ...the viscosity of the paint. [+ of] viscous [vɪskəs] 黏稠的, 粘稠的, 黏黏的, 稠稠的 A viscous liquid is thick and sticky. ...dark, viscous blood. viscus [ˈvɪskəs] the singular of viscera. viscera [vɪsərə] 内脏 Viscera are the large organs inside the body, such as the heart, liver, and stomach. ) and is responsible for either the heavy or light mouthfeel we experience when we sip a wine. Viscosity is that term we learned in high school science, which is used to define a liquid in terms of how easily it responds to stress (e.g., water is less viscous than honey because it has less weight and moves more easily). As a wine contains more and more alcohol, it becomes more viscous (i.e., it becomes heavier, and thereby feels fuller in our mouths). This is why we call a heavily viscous wine full-bodied and a low viscosity wine light-bodied. Here are the general rules: Wines Under 12.5% alcohol (the alcohol percentage should always be written on the wine's label) are said to light-bodied. These are generally the white wines we think of as crisp and refreshing. Good examples of these wines are Riesling, Italian Prosecco and Vinho Verde. Wines between 12.5% and 13.5% are considered medium-bodied. Good examples of these wines are Rose, French Burgundy, Pinot Grigio and Sauvignon Blanc. Finally, any wine over 13.5% alcohol is considered full-bodied. Some wines that are normally over this alcohol level and considered full-bodied are Zinfandel, Syrah/Shiraz, Cabernet, Merlot and Malbec. While the majority of wines over 13.5% alcohol are usually red, Chardonnay is a great example of a white that often can also be considered full-bodied.

Effects: "Without food in the stomach, alcohol travels straight to the bloodstream and as blood alcohol concentration rises, the loss of control increases," Clark said. Once alcohol hits the brain, it immediately starts to affect the ability to control behavior and bodily functions. "And as alcohol does not actually need to be digested (unlike other food) it means that it can move into the bloodstream and to the brain very quickly. If you have food in your stomach, it helps to 'counter' the speed in which you get drunk 减缓喝醉的速度 while also reducing the accumulation of fatty acids in your liver," Clark said.

• If you are someone who drinks most days, try to have 1-2 alcohol free days to give your body a chance to recover.

• Drink in moderation 饮酒要适量, either with food or have food in your stomach before you start drinking alcohol.

• Try to have some full weeks off from drinking to help your cells recover.

• Make sure you are drinking organic or good quality wine. You would be surprised some of the ingredients, pesticides and toxins that can go into making wine!

• Make sure you have a healthy balanced meal the morning after drinking, consisting of high protein and healthy fats for nutrient absorption. Refined carbs and sugars will only make your blood sugars fluctuate, causing more of a hangover effect and leaving you craving bad foods.

Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically drunk as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of aging, and some are produced using a combination of both aging and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are Cognac and Armagnac from southwestern France. Ageing: After distillation, the unaged brandy is placed into oak barrels to mature. Usually, brandies with a natural golden or brown colour are aged in oak casks (single-barrel aging). Some brandies, particularly those from Spain, are aged using the solera system, where the producer changes the barrel each year. After a period of aging, which depends on the style, class and legal requirements, the mature brandy is mixed with distilled water to reduce alcohol concentration and bottled. Some brandies have caramel colour and sugar added to simulate the appearance of barrel aging. Serving: Brandy is traditionally served at room temperature (neat) from a snifter, a wine glass or a tulip glass. When drunk at room temperature, it is often slightly warmed by holding the glass cupped in the palm or by gentle heating. Excessive heating of brandy may cause the alcohol vapour to become too strong, causing its aroma to become overpowering. Brandy drinkers who like their brandy warmed may ask for the glass to be heated before the brandy is poured. Brandy has a traditional age grading system, although its use is unregulated outside of Cognac and Armagnac. These indicators can usually be found on the label near the brand name: V.S. ("very special") or ✯✯✯ (three stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy has been stored for at least two years in a cask. V.S.O.P. ("very superior old pale"), Reserve or ✯✯✯✯✯ (five stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least four years in a cask. XO ("extra old") or Napoléon designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least six years. Hors d'âge ("beyond age") is a designation which is formally equal to XO for Cognac, but for Armagnac designates brandy that is at least ten years old. In practice the term is used by producers to market a high-quality product beyond the official age scale.

Whisky or whiskey is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash (In brewing and distilling, mashing is the process of combining a mix of grains – typically malted (麦芽 Malt is germinated cereal grain that have been dried in a process known as "malting". The grains are made to germinate by soaking in water and are then halted from germinating further by drying with hot air. ) barley with supplementary grains such as corn, sorghum, rye, or wheat – known as the "grain bill" with water and then heating the mixture. Mashing allows the enzymes in the malt to break down the starch in the grain into sugars, typically maltose to create a malty liquid called wort.). Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, generally made of charred white oak. Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels. Aging: Whiskies do not mature in the bottle, only in the cask, so the "age" of a whisky is only the time between distillation and bottling. This reflects how much the cask has interacted with the whisky, changing its chemical makeup 化学构成 and taste. Whiskies that have been bottled for many years may have a rarity value, but are not "older" and not necessarily "better" than a more recent whisky that matured in wood for a similar time. After a decade or two, additional aging in a barrel does not necessarily improve a whisky. How to Drink Whiskey Choosing - Your Drinking Vessel: Now, when it comes to drinking vessels, you can get as snooty 高级的 (If you say that someone is snooty, you disapprove of them because they behave as if they are superior to other people [disapproval] ...snooty intellectuals. Everyone thought Annabel was being snooty.) as you want for really any alcoholic beverage. Before I get too much into this section, let me say right off that bat that it's perfectly fine to have whiskey out of a plastic or styrofoam cup if that's what you have. As I said, to each their own, and do what you will to enjoy what you're drinking. Having said that, there are some vessels that are better than others to really maximize the flavor. And let's be honest, some glasses just look better than others. Presentation can make a difference. Is it mental? Maybe. But I think one's chosen drinking vessel adds to the experience and the feeling of ritual. If possible, always serve whiskey in a glass; other materials can taint the flavor. To really step it up a notch, you could get yourself some specialty whiskey glasses. These are tulip-shaped (above), and will concentrate the vapors and flavors and allow you to really "nose" the whiskey (more on that a little later). It may seem snooty, but it really does make a difference. I don't have any of these…yet. Neat? Water? Ice? This was one of my first questions for Jess, and is perhaps the most hotly debated among whiskey drinkers. This is what he told me, "The first time you drink any whiskey, it should be tasted neat. That's what the guy who made it wants it to taste like. We made TINCUP at 84 proof because it's nice to drink it neat. When it gets really high [in terms of alcohol percentage], it numbs most people's taste buds. You wanna taste what the guy made." When you add water or ice, what you're doing is lowering the ABV of the beverage in your hand. Especially for high-proof whiskies, many experts will add just a little bit of tap water. This is to dilute the beverage a little bit, but also to soften the punch 冲劲 of the alcohol and let the whiskey flavor really come through. If you try this route, add just a tiny bit of water, see how it tastes, and add a splash more if desired. If you end up with too much water, your only remedy is to add more whiskey. While many whiskey experts will decry the use of ice, it's personally my favorite way to drink whiskey. Unless it's a very smooth, high-end whiskey, you'll likely need just a little something to take the punch off. The experts say that making the whiskey cold numbs the flavors a little bit, but I like my whiskey chilled, and I've tried all options enough to know what I like. Instead of adding normal-sized ice cubes, I prefer using big cubes or spheres. With less surface area, they melt slower. So your whiskey gets chilled, but less watered down than if using regular ice cubes. There are also whiskey stones, but in my experience, they don't actually work all that well at chilling the whiskey to the temperature I like. Sipping and Savoring the Spirit: As with any alcoholic beverage, there are certain flavors to look for while drinking, and certain methods to the drinking that will help release and identify those flavors. For instance, with wine, you want to smell it, let it settle for a few minutes, then let the liquid linger in your mouth so you can get all the flavors. When it comes to drinking or eating just about anything, you want to let your nose inform your mouth. Believe it or not, the sensation of flavor is a combination of smell and taste. For complex flavors, like those found in many alcoholic beverages, the sense of smell is even more important. So before you take any sip of whiskey, you want to really get your nose in the glass and take a hearty whiff. That first sniff will largely be just alcoholic, and might clear your nostrils a little bit. So give it a second and third sniff and you'll get some of the true whiskey flavors. Next, take just a small sip, and sort of roll the liquid around in your mouth. Instead of just swallowing right away, try to pick out different flavors. Since whiskey is always aged in wooden barrels, you’ll almost always get the classic flavors of vanilla, toffee, or caramel. From there, enjoy your drink over the course of 30-60 minutes, with good company of course, and you’ll be a happy whiskey drinker.

Vodka is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage originating from Poland and Russia, composed primarily of water and ethanol, but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings. Traditionally, it is made by distilling the liquid from cereal grains or potatoes that have been fermented, though some modern brands, such as Ciroc, CooranBong, and Bombora, use fruits or sugar as the base. Vodka is traditionally drunk "neat" or "straight" (not mixed with water, ice, or other mixer), though it is often served freezer chilled in the vodka belt countries of Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Lithuania, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine. It is also used in cocktails and mixed drinks, such as the Vodka martini, Cosmopolitan, Vodka Tonic, Screwdriver, Greyhound, Black or White Russian, Moscow Mule, Bloody Mary, and Bloody Caesar.

Rum is a distilled alcoholic drink made from sugarcane byproducts, such as molasses, or directly from sugarcane juice, by a process of fermentation and distillation. The distillate, a clear liquid, is then usually aged in oak barrels. Rums are produced in various grades. Light rums are commonly used in cocktails, whereas "golden" and "dark" rums were typically consumed straight or neat, on the rocks, or used for cooking, but are now commonly consumed with mixers. Premium rums are also available, made to be consumed either straight or iced.

Gin is a distilled alcoholic drink that derives its predominant flavour from juniper [ˈdʒunɪpər] berries 杜松子( A juniper berry is the female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers. It is not a true berry but a cone with unusually fleshy and merged scales, which give it a berry-like appearance. ) (Juniperus communis). Gin is one of the broadest categories of spirits, all of various origins, styles, and flavour profiles, that revolve around juniper as a common ingredient. Gin today is produced in subtly different ways, from a wide range of herbal ingredients, giving rise to a number of distinct styles and brands. After juniper, gin tends to be flavoured with botanical/herbal, spice, floral or fruit-flavours or often a combination. It is most commonly consumed mixed with tonic water(Tonic water (or Indian tonic water) is a carbonated soft drink in which quinine is dissolved 溶解. Originally used as a prophylactic against malaria 疟疾, 打摆子 ([məˈleriə] a serious illness caused by being bitten by a mosquito, usually in a hot country. ), tonic water usually now has a significantly lower quinine [ˈkwaɪnaɪn] 奎宁(金鸡纳霜, 金鸡纳碱) content and is consumed for its distinctive bitter flavor. It is often used in mixed drinks, particularly in gin and tonic. Tonic water is often used as a drink mixer for cocktails, especially gin and tonic. Vodka tonic is also popular. Tonic water with lemon or lime flavor added is known as bitter lemon or bitter lime, respectively.  ). Gin is also often used as a base spirit to produce flavoured gin-based liqueurs such as, for example, Sloe gin, traditionally by the addition of fruit, flavourings and sugar.

Cider – cider is a fermented alcoholic drink made from apple juice. Cider alcohol content varies from 1.2% ABV to 8.5% or more in traditional English ciders. In some regions, cider may be called "apple wine".

Tequila ([teˈkila]) is a regional distilled beverage and type of alcoholic drink made from the blue agave [əˈɡeivi] 蓝色龙舌兰 plant, primarily in the area surrounding the city of Tequila, 65 km (40 mi) northwest of Guadalajara, and in the Jaliscan Highlands (Los Altos de Jalisco) of the central western Mexican state of Jalisco. The red volcanic soil in the region around the city of Tequila is particularly well suited to the growing of the blue agave, and more than 300 million of the plants are harvested there each year. Agave grows differently depending on the region. Blue agaves grown in the highlands Los Altos region are larger in size and sweeter in aroma and taste. Agaves harvested in the lowlands, on the other hand, have a more herbaceous fragrance and flavor. Tequila is commonly served neat in Mexico and as a shot with salt and lime across the rest of the world.

A liqueur (US: [lɪˈkɜːr], UK: [lɪˈkjʊər] 利口酒, 港澳叫力娇酒) is an alcoholic drink flavored variously by fruits, herbs, spices, flowers, nuts or cream combined with distilled spirits. Often served with or after dessert, they are typically heavily sweetened and un-aged beyond a resting period during production, when necessary, for their flavors to mingle. In some areas of the United States and Canada liqueurs are also referred to as cordials ([ UK ˈkɔː(r)dɪəl; US ˈkɔː(r)dʒ(ɪ)əl] I. Liqueur, an alcoholic beverage. II. Cordial (candy), a type of candy that has a fruit filling inside a chocolate shell. III. Cordial (medicine), a medicinal beverage. IV. Squash (drink), a non-alcoholic fruit drink concentrate. Squash (also known as cordial), in British English, is a non-alcoholic concentrated syrup used in beverage making. It is usually fruit-flavoured, made from fruit juice, water, and sugar or a sugar substitute. Modern squashes may also contain food colouring and additional flavouring. Some traditional squashes contain herbal extracts, most notably elderflower and ginger. ) or schnapps, though the terms refer to different beverages elsewhere.

Liquor [ˈlɪkə(r)] 蒸馏酒(高酒精度酒) (also hard liquor, hard alcohol, spirit, or distilled drink) is an alcoholic drink produced by distillation of grains, fruit, or vegetables that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation. The distillation process purifies the liquid and removes diluting components like water, for the purpose of increasing its proportion of alcohol content (commonly expressed as alcohol by volume, ABV). As liquors contain significantly more alcohol, they are considered "harder" – in North America, the term hard liquor 高度酒 is used to distinguish distilled alcoholic drinks from non-distilled ones. As examples, this term does not include beverages such as beer, wine, mead, sake, or cider, as they are fermented but not distilled. These all have a relatively low alcohol content, typically less than 15%. Brandy is a liquor produced by the distillation of wine, and has an ABV of over 35%. Other examples of liquors include vodka, baijiu, gin, rum, tequila, mezcal, and whisky. (Also see list of alcoholic drinks, and liquors by national origin.)

premonition VS admonition;

用法学习: 1. A house call 出诊 is a visit to the home of a patient or client by a doctor or other professional. In some locations, families used to pay dues to a particular practice to underwrite house calls. chase shadows (wild goose chase) 追逐假想敌 Pursue illusory targets. I found that the three-day mission did little more than chase shadows. be chasing your tail 原地打转 to be busy doing a lot of things but achieving very little. To busily try to perform many tasks or to repeatedly revise one's plans, especially with inefficient use of one's time and limited results. go round in circles (idiomatic) To repeatedly do the same thing without making any progress. be back in harness 回去工作, 回去上班 UK to have returned to work after being away for a period of time. a hive of activity/industry a place where a lot of people are working very hard: The whole house was a hive of activity on the day before the wedding. Per se means 'by itself' or 'in itself', and is used when you are talking about the qualities of one thing considered on its own, rather than in connection with other things. It is not the money per se that makes them unhappy, but the single-minded pursuit of that money. There is no indication that just having a degree per se improves your chance of getting a job. 2. preoccupation I. If you have a preoccupation with something or someone, you keep thinking about them because they are important to you. Karouzos's poetry shows a profound preoccupation with the Orthodox Church. In his preoccupation with Robyn, Crook had neglected everything. II. Preoccupation is a state of mind in which you think about something so much that you do not consider other things to be important. It was hard for him to be aware of her; he kept sinking back into black preoccupation. preoccupied 心不在焉的, 有心思, 有心事的 If you are preoccupied, you are thinking a lot about something or someone, and so you hardly notice other things. thinking about something so much or spending so much time doing something that you do not notice other things or cannot think about other things. Martin was too preoccupied with his own life to notice his daughter's problems. While the government was preoccupied with the troubles on the border, rebel leaders stepped up their operations. Tom Banbury was preoccupied with the missing Shepherd child and did not want to devote time to the new murder. [+ with/by] She looked very preoccupied. premonitory 预警 ( [prɪˈmɒnɪtəri] premonition [ˌpreməˈnɪʃ(ə)n], premonish = forewarn 预警告) premonitory signs 预警信号 or symptoms 预兆 tell you that something bad and more serious is likely to happen. Equally if not more important to preventing successful suicide is paying attention to premonitory signs of suicidal intent and taking appropriate action to diffuse it. admonish [æd'mɒnɪʃ, ədˈmɑnɪʃ] [formal] I. 正告. 郑重警告. If you admonish someone, you tell them very seriously that they have done something wrong. to tell someone that you do not approve of what they have done. Sometimes he gave them a severe admonishment. They admonished me for taking risks with my health. She admonished him gently, 'You should rest, not talk so much.' II. to advise someone to do something. After one person tweeted that the rapper shouldn't have used African culture for such a display, admonishing 规劝 奉劝 力劝 that he should "respect our ancestors," Lil Nas X responded by tweeting, "y'all really like to pretend homosexuality didn't exist in african culture." admonition [ˌædməˈnɪʃ(ə)n] 警告 a warning about someone's behaviour. Leaking gas near that valve is admonitory for us to check those connections. premonition [ˌpreməˈnɪʃ(ə)n] bad feeling, gut feeling, foreboding, hunch, second sight 预警, 不祥预感, 强烈预感 (have a hunch, have a nagging feeling, something is nagging at him. ).  a strong feeling that something is going to happen, especially something bad. If you have a premonition, you have a feeling that something is going to happen, often something unpleasant. He had an unshakable premonition that he would die. ...a real, genuine premonition of bad news. have a premonition of/that: He had a premonition of imminent disaster. We're having a premonition. Ignore that super-daddy Hugh Jackman and Shawn hang out together, but to us Shawn looks like the perfect casting for a young Wolverine! We're going to call it now. Shawn Mendes has to play the rugged role in the inevitable remake. His famous smile can make fans faint, scream and hyperventilate for miles around. admonition [ˌædməˈnɪʃ(ə)n] a warning about someone's behavior. An admonition is a warning or criticism about someone's behaviour. She ignored the admonitions of her mother. preadmonition [ˌpriːædməˈnɪʃən] 预警, 预先警告 n. a forewarning, premonition; the act of admonishing in advance. intuitive [ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv] adj. I. what one feels to be true even without conscious reasoning; instinctive. If you have an intuitive idea or feeling about 第六感, 预感 (gut feeling, hunch)(premonition [ˌpreməˈnɪʃ(ə)n] (预警. premonitory 预警的 forewarning ) a strong feeling that something is going to happen, especially something bad. It's not a premonition. It's just a dream that means nothing. have a premonition of/that: He had a premonition of imminent disaster. second sight ESP, an additional sense beyond the five normal ones, clairvoyance. I think she must have the second sight, because she always knows where I've been. He was seized with a fit of second-sight. Nor less availed his optic sleight, / And Scottish gift of second-sight. ) something, you feel that it is true although you have no evidence or proof of it. He's very intuitive 神神道道的. A positive pregnancy test soon confirmed her intuitive feelings. "his intuitive understanding of the readers' real needs". II. (chiefly of computer software) easy to use and understand. predominate 占主要, 占主导地位 I. If one type of person or thing predominates in a group, there is more of that type of person or thing in the group than of any other. In older age groups women predominate because men tend to die younger. All nationalities were represented–but the English predominated. II. When a feature or quality predominates, it is the most important or noticeable one in a situation. Much sociological research on religion was based on societies in which a single religion overwhelmingly predominated. 4. water under the bridge 陈年旧事, 陈年往事, 已经过去了 If you say that an event or incident is water under the bridge, you mean that it has happened and cannot now be changed, so there is no point in worrying about it any more. He was relieved his time in jail was over and regarded it as water under the bridge. vexatious [vɛkˈseɪʃəs] adj I. vexing. 讨人厌的. 讨人嫌弃的. causing or tending to cause annoyance, frustration, or worry. "the vexatious questions posed by software copyrights". The judge labelled her (the wife) as a vexatious client and at some stage, some lawyer should have said let's pull up here and give some proper advice as to the grounds of success. II. law denoting an action or the bringer of an action that is brought without sufficient grounds for winning, purely to cause annoyance to the defendant. (of a legal action or proceeding) instituted without sufficient grounds, esp so as to cause annoyance or embarrassment to the defendant. vexatious litigation 无根据的诉讼. "a frivolous or vexatious litigant". 5. zen [zen] 放手, 放松, 不去无畏的担心 relaxed and not worrying about things that you cannot change: Don't worry about doing the right thing with your baby - be more zen about it and you'll be happier. A credenza 厨房里的一种柜子 in US English is a term for a dining room sideboard cupboard [ˈkʌbə(r)d US 有[r], UK 无](the cupboard is bare used for saying that there is no food left or money left to buy something. The term cupboard was originally used to describe an open-shelved side table for displaying dishware, more specifically plates, cups and saucers. These open cupboards typically had between one and three display tiers, and at the time, a drawer or multiple drawers fitted to them. The word cupboard gradually came to mean a closed piece of furniture. The word cupboard is also frequently used in British English to denote what North Americans would call a closet. cabinet [ˈkæbɪnət] I. a piece of furniture with doors and shelves or drawers that is used for storing things or for showing attractive objects. a medicine cabinet. the kitchen cabinets. II. a group of members of a government who are chosen by the leader of the government to give advice and be responsible for its policies. The cabinet met today with the president. kitchen cabinet 吹枕边风 an informal group of people who give advice to the leader of a government. medicine cabinet = medicine chest a small cupboard in a bathroom in which you keep soap, toothpaste etc. A pantry is a room where beverages, food, and sometimes dishes, household cleaning chemicals, linens, or provisions are stored. Food and beverage pantries serve in an ancillary capacity to the kitchen. Kitchen cabinets 橱柜 are the built-in furniture installed in many kitchens for storage of food, cooking equipment, and often silverware and dishes for table service. Appliances such as refrigerators, dishwashers, and ovens are often integrated into kitchen cabinetry. There are many options for cabinets available at present. 一般是不带门的衣柜. A closet (衣帽间, 一定要带有挂衣服的地方的柜子, cabinet可能就只是格子) (especially in North American usage) is an enclosed space used for storage, particularly that of clothes. "Fitted closet" are built into the walls of the house so that they take up no apparent space in the room. Closets are often built under stairs, thereby using awkward space that would otherwise go unused. A "walk-in closet" is a typically a very small windowless room attached to a bedroom, used for clothes storage. A piece of furniture such as a cabinet or chest of drawers serves the same function of storage, but is not a closet. A closet always has space for hanging, whereas a cupboard may consist only of shelves for folded garments. The word "wardrobe" 大衣柜 can refer to a free-standing piece of furniture (also known as an armoire), but according to the Oxford English Dictionary, a wardrobe can also be a "large cupboard or cabinet for storing clothes or other linen", including "built-in wardrobe, fitted wardrobe, walk-in wardrobe, etc." ), particularly one where a central cupboard is flanked by quadrant glass display cabinets, and usually made of burnished and polished wood and decorated with marquetry. The top would often be made of marble, or another decorative liquid- and heat-resistant stone. The credenza started as a rough table with a cloth draped over it. In early 14th century of Italy, it took on an architectural form with column and pilaster decorations. In modern times, a credenza is more often a type of sideboard used in the home or restaurant. In dining rooms, it is typically made from wood and used as a platform to serve buffet meals. In restaurant kitchens, made from stainless steel, it provides a side surface and storage cupboards. The name has also been coopted as a brand for companies such as Wellington's coworking office space. 

Acceptable Risk: 1. Do you need a doctor? A doctor? They could give you something. Knock me out? Put me to sleep? Just when the kids are gonna need me more than ever? I've been here before 我经历过这些. Remember? Burying somebody I love. I know the ropes 我知道怎么应付, 我知道这里边的东西. 2. Your firm is one of Ireland's biggest companies. If Barry Lehane was on the track of something that connected Lee with another death, they'd want him silenced too. That's crazy, I know. But right now he's in intensive care. A heart attack. As far as we know right now. Now you are looping the loop 绕圈子, 绕进死胡同了 (to fly in the shape of a loop in the sky). What if Lee Manning had something on someone at the firm, someone who had a hand in Sarah's first husband's death? That he knew it was murder and what he knew scared him enough to carry a gun? Scared him so much, in fact, that he didn't even feel safe flying 3,000 miles away, where they still got him? Just who in the firm would have the reach 通天的本事, 通天的手眼 to pull that off( I. Someone's or something's reach is the distance or limit to which they can stretch, extend, or travel. Isabelle placed a cup on the table within his reach 伸手可及. ...a heavyweight who possesses a longer reach and more strength. ...long-handled shears, secateurs and long-reach tree pruners. II. If a place or thing is within reach, it is possible to have it or get to it. If it is out of reach, it is not possible to have it or get to it. It is located within reach of many important Norman towns, including Bayeux. [+ of] The clothes they model for this mail-order catalogue are all within easy reach of every woman. These products are normally bought and stored carefully out of reach of children. The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people. [+ of])? Well, the file he was carrying. It's important to know whether he died before he could deliver it. If so, it's vital to know where it is now, whose hands it's in. 3. Where would we be safe here? Anyway, I have a funeral to arrange. What do I say? That I'm burying somebody but I can't really tell you anything about him? Who he really was, where he was from, what he did to get himself killed. So just leave the headstone blank. Would save you a few bob at the stonemason's. Ah, there's a bright side to everything. The answers are in that firm somewhere. I helped build a wall around it. It was my job. Now I have to find a way around it or under it or through it. And with Lehane in hospital, I have no idea where to start. The last people I can ask are the -- the ones who know -- Gumbiner-Fischer's merry men and women. All those people in their nice offices on the riverside, who only get to keep that view once they don't rock the boat. Who maybe really, truly believe that what's good for the firm is good for them, so it must be good for me, too. Didn't you use to think like that? I'm on the other side now. If I have to fight them, I will. You were always the one with the common sense. I was the tearaway 不听话的, 离经叛道的 ( If you refer to a young person as a tearaway, you mean that they behave in a wild and uncontrolled way. He blamed lack of parental control for the young tearaways' behaviour. ). Now you're going to war with a company worth billions, thousands of people working for them, on a hunch, an idea that Lehane planted in your head. What if you heard him wrong? What if you're jumping to conclusions? Ciaran died, my car was bugged, Lee's car was bugged, somebody searched my house, Barry Lehane is in hospital, and, um Oh, yeah -- My husband was killed. Those are facts, Nuala. 4. You want me to nobble the guards? That's what you're asking me? That's why we're here? That is not what I'm asking for at all. A job application at your place must come with a health warning. Are you enjoying this, Mr. O'Hanlon? Is that why you agreed to meet me? I want this place up and running and providing good jobs for the people who vote for me. What do you want? My staff informs me that Mrs. Manning is causing some trouble over some routine paperwork. She seems to be a little unstable. That worries me. As she casts around for answers, she might direct her anger at my firm. She's a problem? Like all good lawyers, she can make something out of nothing, twist the facts even if nothing is there. If a scandal forced Zurich to re-examine our position 重新审视 here, this field would remain as it is. I get it. You share my vision for this plant. I know that. Help me realize it, and you'll have my undying gratitude. I'll do what I can. There's a couple of people I can call without making a song and dance(to make a song and dance about 引起不必要的纷扰, 小题大做 If you say that someone is making a song and dance about something, you mean they are making an unnecessary fuss about it. [British, informal, disapproval] He used his money to help others–but he never made a song and dance about it. How did that go? Did he tell you what you needed to know? The last thing he wanted to talk about was that property stuff Lee was digging into. He made a song and dance about me even asking. Left so fast, he nearly knocked a waiter over. I don't know how right in the head he is these days. make waves informal to be very active so that other people notice you, often in a way that intentionally causes trouble. to cause problems, especially when you should not. With so many jobs already cut, he didn't want to make waves. It's probably not a good idea to start making waves in your first week in a new job. ). We both want the same thing for this country. But in view of 鉴于 the heavy loss of life and limb at your firm I'd be careful about using the word "undying. 5. They fished him out of the canal last night. He had a bash to the back of the head, which indicates he was helped on his way. 6. I was one of the first to get to high rank. I thought they'd give me a chance to prove myself. Instead, I was sent around the country inspecting accounts. Then I got saddled with ( saddle someone with something 摊上 to give someone something that is difficult to deal with. to make someone have a job or problem that is difficult or boring and that they do not want I've been saddled with organizing the whole party! Many farms were saddled with debts. The company was saddled with a huge debt last year.) a hit-and-run driver. A very rich man with powerful friends. I was told if I made waves, I'd be proving I wasn't a team player -- and that would be bad news for any other woman trying to follow in my footsteps. If I wanted to join the boys' club, I'd have to prove I understood the rules. So I took the long view 计之深远 为长远考虑 I let it slide(take the long view 长远来说, 长远来看 to think about the effects that something will have in the future instead of in the present. If you take the long view, you consider what is likely to happen in the future over a long period, rather than thinking only about things that are going to happen soon. Some investors are taking the long view. Taking a long view of the project, I began to think about rehearsal schedules. If you take the long view, of course, you can regard staff training as an investment for the company.). I went with the force instead of my feelings, and I think I was right. I paid my dues 付出代价, 交学费 ( pay one's dues to earn certain rights, privileges, etc. as by having suffered in struggle. to do something that you do not enjoy in order to have something that you want, or because you feel it is your duty. To acquire status or to earn the right to enjoy certain benefits, especially through lengthy experience, hardship, or service to an organization. ) on behalf of you and the other women that followed. Are you giving me a message? What message would that be, then? To straighten yourself out. To realize that not all the battles have been won. To understand that you have a responsibility, too, to the women who'll come after you. What? Keep my head down and my mouth shut? We didn't write the rules on policing. And at your level, you don't get to see the big picture. If something stinks? Well, cover your nose. Can I guess who the little bird was who sent you? Jimmy Nulty is one of the best friends we ever had in the guards. Look at how he forced them to give that course to you instead of to the blue-eyed boy the rest of them wanted. He'd make a fine commissioner -- maybe even a great one. 7. You saw quite a bit of Lee when he came here? I did, yes. He always had time for a word. A gentleman. Funny thing to say about a Yank, but that's what he was. He used to slip me a few quid for keeping an extra eye on the boat on the QT. "Where's the harm?" I says to myself. He gets to rest easy. I get a couple of quid in my back pocket. Did anyone ever try to get on our boat? No, but they hit the bar and the ATM once. There was ructions ([ˈrʌkʃənz] informal a violent and unpleasant row; trouble. Both activities have caused some ructions. I don't want to cause ructions, but I am intrigued. There'll be ructions when your mother hears about that! There'll be ructions if you break that glass. tumultuous [tjuːmʌltʃuəs , US tuː] I. A tumultuous event or period of time involves many exciting and confusing events or feelings. ...the tumultuous changes in the war-torn region. Shares were 1 per cent down after another tumultuous day at the bank. II. A tumultuous reaction to something is very noisy, because the people involved are very happy or excited. A tumultuous welcome from a 2,000 strong crowd greeted the champion. Delegates greeted the news with tumultuous applause. rumbustious [rʌmbʌstʃuəs]  = AM: rambunctious [ræmbʌŋkʃəs] A rumbustious person is energetic in a cheerful, noisy way. A rambunctious person is energetic in a cheerful, noisy way. ...the flamboyant and somewhat rumbustious prime minister. boisterous [bɔɪstərəs] Someone who is boisterous is noisy, lively, and full of energy. ...a boisterous but good-natured crowd. Most of the children were noisy and boisterous. Her friends laughed boisterously, too. ) about that. Sorry. Uh, one more question. When did Lee last come here? He took her out about three weeks ago. There was a bit of a gale blowing, but that didn't deter him. That's not quite what I asked. When did you last see him here? Just before it was on the telly -- Montreal, what happened to him. 8. I can't understand why you didn't come straight to me three years ago. And then what? You worked for them in legal. You'd have gone straight to the company and refused to let Ciaran in on any deal we were making. You'd have had to be whiter than the snow, above reproach ( above (or beyond) reproach 无可指摘的, 没挑的 perfect; beyond criticism. such that no criticism can be made; perfect. "his integrity is beyond reproach". reproach [rɪproʊtʃ] I. 指责, 挑刺. If you reproach someone, you say or show that you are disappointed, upset, or angry because they have done something wrong. She is quick to reproach anyone who doesn't live up to her own high standards. She had not even reproached him for breaking his promise. II. If you look at or speak to someone with reproach, you show or say that you are disappointed, upset, or angry because they have done something wrong. He looked at her with reproach. Public servants and political figures must be beyond reproach. III. If you reproach yourself 自责, you think with regret about something you have done wrong. You've no reason to reproach yourself, no reason to feel shame. We begin to reproach ourselves for not having been more careful. IV. If you consider someone's actions or behaviour to be a reproach to a group of people, you consider them to be harmful or insulting to that group. The shootings and bombings were 'a scandal and reproach to all of us'.). That's who you are, Sarah. You can't help yourself. You loved that firm. That is why you're fighting it so hard, like you've been betrayed or jilted. You'd have put your job and their good opinion of you before the chance of making so much money you could paper the walls with it. 9. I want the truth. I'm gonna get it. Lots of people say that, but they don't want the whole truth. They only want the one that they can handle, the one that fits into the way they see the world, how they want to keep thinking about somebody -- especially somebody they're close to. I want to know everything -- about Lee, about the company, about why he was in danger. I want to know who you are and what gave you the right to do what you did to my family. I work for the FBI on attachment to the embassy in Dublin. The case I'm working on falls under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which authorizes us to bring charges against any firm or employee of that firm using bribery or corruption to obtain financial advantages. Gumbiner-Fischer was using Lee to do that. Do you have proof of this? I can tell you exactly what he was going to do in Montreal if he had the chance. It's what he did every time he made a trip on behalf of that firm. We had been watching Lee for some time. Every trip followed a similar pattern. LEE: I'm not here to offer anything as crude as a bribe, Minister. You're a man of the highest ethical integrity 职业道德 with an unblemished 没有污点的, 完美无缺的 reputation. So far. Your promotion to health minister in one of the German federal republics puts you in charge of the bidding process for a drug that we manufacture. We want to invest in you -- in your career, your success in that career, financial well-being. And when you leave political life, if you should choose to use your talents in the business world 商场, we'd be more than happy to talk. In public life, people make enemies. You've made them. One in particular. He'd destroy you if he could, but we'd prefer it 更喜欢, 更想 if you destroyed him first. We would regard this as a down payment on our investment with you. That's how it was meant to go down. That day, of course, it all went south. I was planning to approach him, show him the evidence that we already had, offer him a deal, get him to wear a wire. He was the last piece of the puzzle. I want to say how sorry I am that your husband was killed in a place where we couldn't intervene. Or are you just sorry you can't make your case anymore? I would like to believe that he would've cooperated willingly once I had the means to get his attention, that he could have ended up on the witness sheet instead of in the dock. When did you last see Walsh? I tried to talk to him two nights ago, see how serious he was about his threats to go public. I couldn't find him. The night he was killed? I had nothing to do with that. He had enemies too. The Drug Enforcement Agency used him as an informant in a smuggling case at Dublin Airport. I'm not holding anything back 有所保留, 全部交底. You asked me for the truth, and now I'm asking you to act on it. Your husband was a highly trained undercover intelligence officer who trusted no one, not even the firm that he worked for. If something went wrong, he might have kept a record as an insurance policy in case they tried to throw him under the bus 当替罪羊, 挡枪, 踢出去. Why should I help you blacken his name, even if I believed any of this? Because the answer to the person who killed your husband is what he was doing with that firm. Don't you want that answer? I'll make a deal with anybody to find who killed Lee, but I have to be sure I'm gonna get the right answer and not be fed another pack of lies. I am not lying to you. I have put my career in your hands by telling you all this. Let's go. I am going to get an indictment on that company one way or another. And I will include in those indictments anyone who tries to obstruct 妨碍 my investigation. You have no idea how broad 神通广大 the reach of the United States government is. Do you believe it? I didn't know your husband. Do you? If I wanted somebody to do a job like that, I'd be looking for somebody with a background like his. Somebody who could guard a secret? Keep his nerve? Look somebody in the eye and make a threat or tell a lie without blinking? 

 The Truth About the Harry Quebert Affair: 1. I gotta close up, but I found some more that might be worth checking before you go. Thanks. Uh Okay, according to police reports, screaming could be heard coming from the Kellergan house the day the girl disappeared. However, uh, testimony from neighbors suggests that the noise was actually music being played at high volume by her father, as was his habit. He still does it. The Reverend always cranks up the volume to drown out 盖住, 淹没 the sound of ( (of a sound) to be loud enough to block the sound of something else: The sound of the telephone was drowned out by the vacuum cleaner.) his working in the garage. Maintains 坚持说 that good music is always preferable to the sound of his hammering, even if it is too loud. Right. Reverend David Kellergan confirmed that he was home at the time, working on his motorcycle, and didn't notice anything amiss until later that evening when he went into his daughter's bedroom and found her gone. Even if she'd called out for help, he wouldn't have heard her. The music was too loud. He's, uh, always blamed himself for that. Ready? Mm-hm. You should probably talk to Mrs. Quinn, too. Mrs. Quinn? Yeah, Jenny's mother. The former owner of Clark's? Just yesterday, she was ranting and raving 滔滔不绝(rant and rave Talk loudly and vehemently 激动万分的, 万分激动的, especially in anger. To complain angrily, forcefully, and at great length (about someone or something). You should spend less time ranting and raving about how unfair your professor is and spend more time actually studying the material. He was quite upset when he came home, so I let him rant and rave for a little while until he calmed down. There you go again, ranting and raving about the neighbor's car in your driveway. This idiom is a redundancy, since rant and rave mean just about the same thing, but probably survives on account of its alliterative appeal. ) I knew Harry Quebert was obsessed with that poor girl, and I had proof, irrefutable 不可辩驳的 proof, but someone someone stole it. What kind of proof? No idea. But she is given to, uh, inflating the truth 夸张事实, 夸大其辞 ( be given to (doing) something 一向好 formal to tend to do something, especially something that you should not do He was a quiet man, not usually given to complaining. inflate I. If you inflate something such as a balloon or tyre, or if it inflates, it becomes bigger as it is filled with air or a gas. Stuart jumped into the sea and inflated the life raft. Don's life jacket had failed to inflate. II. If you say that someone inflates the price of something 涨价, or that the price inflates, you mean that the price increases. The promotion of a big release can inflate a film's final cost. Clothing prices have not inflated as much as automobiles. They had to buy everything at inflated prices at the ranch store. III. If someone inflates the amount or effect of something 夸大效果, 夸大其词, they say it is bigger, better, or more important than it really is, usually so that they can profit from it. They inflated clients' medical treatment to defraud insurance companies. Even his war record was fraudulently inflated. ). 2. Sergeant Gahalowood, to what do I owe the honor of this visit? Well, I, um, I received a call from Chief Dawn about a fire Friday evening? Yeah. Yeah, he's worried. I have to admit he might have a point. Well, that's sweet. You're worried about me? No. No, not me. He is. I'm just here to make sure this thing doesn't degenerate ( degenerate verb [dɪdʒenəreɪt]  adj and noun [dɪdʒenərət] verb If you say that someone or something degenerates, you mean that they become worse in some way, for example weaker, lower in quality, or more dangerous. Inactivity can make your joints stiff, and the bones may begin to degenerate 恶化. From then on the whole tone of the campaign began to degenerate. ...a very serious humanitarian crisis which could degenerate into a catastrophe. ...various forms of physical and mental degeneration. ...the degeneration of our political system. adjective [disapproval] If you describe a person or their behaviour as degenerate, you disapprove of them because you think they have low standards of behaviour or morality. ...a group of degenerate computer hackers. ...the degenerate 低劣的, 没有道德的, 卑鄙无耻的 attitudes he found among some of his fellow officers. noun. If you refer to someone as a degenerate, you disapprove of them because you think they have low standards of behaviour or morality. ) any further. Uh-huh. Why didn't you tell me you'd received an anonymous letter? Because you threw me out of your office, remember?