Measure for Measure 以心换心(你怎么对别人, 别人也会怎么对你); ersatz

用法学习: 1. scourer [ˈskaʊərə(r)] 刷碗, 刷盘子球, 海绵 I. a person who scours or cleanses. II. an implement, device, or preparation for scouring. a small piece of a rough substance, used for cleaning pans. non-scratch scourer. scour [ˈskaʊə(r)] I. to search a place or document thoroughly for something. scour something for something: Jake scoured auction sales for the furniture they needed. II. to clean something thoroughly by rubbing it hard with something rough. I scoured the sink. III. scour = scour out. to form a passage or hole in something by moving continuously over it. a valley scoured 滴水石穿, 滴水穿石 out by a glacier. corpus [ˈkɔː(r)pəs] I. a collection of written or spoken material stored on a computer and used to find out how language is used: All the dictionary examples are taken from a corpus of billions of words. There is a growing corpus of 越来越多的 corporate governance work relating to AI and the ethics of its application in business. Asset managers such Hermes and Fidelity are now adopting guidance for the companies they invest in. Despite reservations, this volume is a valuable addition to the growing corpus of Indian fiction available in English translation. Some, like 'Mother India' and 'The Tale of the Snake Charmer' invert many stereotypes and promise to become classics. Taken together, these stories also help us draw the contours of the vernacular Odia social universe. The translation is smooth, and makes for a book that deserves to be widely read and discussed. II. a collection of a single writer's work, or of writing about a particular subject. III. 尸体. a body or the main part of an organ. taken together (in a whole) Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measure of people's social standing. What it really is, is merely a short and convenient word that embraces a complex set of values and considerations which, taken all together, have in every age set the terms of our social interaction. Taken all together, you'll see that the budget is the government's plan of action - to build today for a better tomorrow. 2. back end I. COMPUTING the part of a website that makes it work. It includes applications that tell websites what to do, servers where websites get data, and databases that store the information websites use. relating to the part of a computer system, piece of software, etc. where data is stored or processed rather than the parts that are seen and directly used by the user: A front-end client and a back-end server allows multiple workstations to access the same server at the same time. This site had a sophisticated back end that made managing the site simple. II. the part of something, especially a vehicle, that is furthest from the front. I just missed the back end of a small pickup truck that was turning into a driveway. III. the end of a period of time. +of: We saw a noticeable improvement in trading conditions towards the back end of our financial year. the last part of a process, series of events, or period of time: Federer, 38, is on the back end of his tennis career, but his earnings will stay high on the back of a 10-year, $300 million deal with Uniqlo inked in 2018. We're not willing to spend on the front end - education for these kids - so we pay at the back end, for problems with crime and violence. back end of a bus INFORMAL someone who is very ugly. The full expression is: have a face like the back end of a bus. "She was nothing like Keira," Lady Jean said of Clarke. "An absolute back end of a bus. ...." However he managed to smuggle this hefty loot out of the palace, Kriangkrai didn't waste any time in getting it far away from the scene of the crime. He shipped the spoils back to Thailand via DHL and followed in its path shortly thereafter.. 3. pitch in I. to join with other people in doing a job. If you pitch in, you join in and help with an activity. The agency says international relief agencies also have pitched in. Cartoonists have pitched in with their favourites from their own and other hands. The entire company pitched in to help. If we all pitch in, we can finish today. II. to give your opinion, ideas etc during a conversation. pitch in with: My brother pitched in with an offer to lend us some money. While the exact details of the theft have never been revealed, some accounts claim that he absconded with his booty 偷窃物品, 赃款, 赃物 (haul) ( haul I. a large amount of something illegal such as drugs or weapons that is found by the police. Officials found the cocaine haul hidden in the wheels of the truck. a. an amount of things that are stolen at the same time. The thieves escaped with a haul of antiques worth over $3 million. II. ​mainly journalism the number of points, wins, or successes that someone gets. Ross is on his way to a haul of four gold medals. III. 鱼获(catch). the amount of fish caught in a net. booty I. 战利品. uncountable ​mainly literary valuable goods that are taken illegally or by force, especially in a war. II. countable ​American ​informal a person's bottom. Shake that booty, gurll. III. 买的东西. 战利品 uncountable ​humorous valuable goods that you have obtained, for example by shopping. She couldn't wait to get her booty home and try it on. ) by filling up the bag of a vacuum cleaner and wheeling it out. (He wouldn't have looked entirely out of place if spotted; Kriangkrai sometimes pitched in as a palace janitor.) 4. visitation [ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n] I. [COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE] MAINLY AMERICAN FORMAL the activity of visiting a place or person. House-to-house visitation has been carried on, under the regulations of the General Board of Health. I had visitation rights. the visitation 探看, 拜访 of the sick. a. [COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE] an official visit, especially one that examines the activities of a person or group. People sometimes refer humorously to a visit from someone, especially from someone in authority, as a visitation. They had another visitation from Essex police. The church is subject to visitation by our local bishop. b. [UNCOUNTABLE] the right of a divorced parent to visit children who live with the other parent. a visitation 看孩子, 探视, 探访  arrangement. visitation rights. Josh Powell 911 Call: Nothing like this has ever happened before in these visitations, so, I'm really shocked and I can hear one of the kids crying but he still wouldn't let me in. I'm contracted to the state to provide supervised visitation. 911 OPERATOR: I see. OK. And who is there to exercise the visitation? SOCIAL WORKER: I supervise myself. I'm the supervisor for a supervised visit. 911 OPERATOR: OK, but aren't you the one making the visit? Or is there another parent there that you're supervising? SOCIAL WORKER: I'm the one that supervises. I pick up the kids at their grandparents'. 911 OPERATOR: Yes. And then who visits with the children? SOCIAL WORKER: Josh Powell. 911 OPERATOR: OK. So, you're supposed to be there to supervise Josh Powell's visit with the children? SOCIAL WORKER: Yes, that's correct. And he's the husband of missing Susan Powell. This is a high-profile case. II. [COUNTABLE] an occasion when people think they have seen a spirit or have received a punishment from God. A visitation is an event in which God or another non-human being seems to appear to someone or contact them. The young people have claimed almost daily visitations from the Virgin Mary. They believed the plague was a visitation 现身, 光临, 莅临 of God. Griffin-Hall, who had been taking the Powell boys, Charles, 7, and Braden, 5, on visits for three months, described Powell's demeanor on the day: "He caught my eye, his shoulders were slumped 耷拉肩的, 耷拉脑袋的. He had a sheepish look. He just shrugged his shoulders and slammed the door." Griffin-Hall said Powell told his sons he had a "big surprise" for them as they ran to his home, shortly before he assaulted them with a hatchet and then set fire to the home. 5. store-bought 店里买来的, 外边买来的, 不是自家做的 adjective INFORMAL NORTH AMERICAN bought ready-made from a shop; not home-made. "after eating this, there 's no way I'm eating store bought rice pudding". Store-bought food is bought in a shop and not made at home: Why use store-bought pastry when it's so easy to make your own? sidebar A sidebar is a short article that is placed beside a longer one in a newspaper or on a website, and provides other relevant information. a box or narrow area on a newspaper or magazine page that contains a short news story or extra information relating to a longer main story. a narrow area at the side of a page on a website, giving extra information or links. pass them = overtake 超过某人. 超过去. And they're still out there. among us in the shadows, in the light. We pass them on the street 经过, 路过, 擦肩而过 without a glance. never suspecting. never knowing. Mac is caught between two slow moving vehicles, unable to pass them 超不过去. pass someone/something off as something to make people believe that a person or thing is something else. He put on an old blue suit, intending to pass himself off as a businessman. The watches are fakes, but they tried to pass them off as genuine Rolexes. When a pair of junior studio executives discover a cache of classic scripts and pass them off 冒充 as their own, they must keep a step ahead of a rival producer who's onto them. Please do not copy these scripts and pass them off as your own work by removing the references to the sources. Also, if you edit a script, send a copy of your revision to the author in question. Why's he chasing us? I told you, he's a psycho! Come on, Ashley, put your foot down! It's 30 miles an hour. Sod 30 miles an hour, this bloke's going to rip my head off! Come on! Overtake them. I can't! Go in the bus lane. Jesus, Warren, you're a maniac! Just drive faster, Ashley, you've passed your test now! Five minutes ago! on the face of it 表面上看, 乍看起来, 表面看起来, 粗看的话, 不用细看 used when you are describing how a situation seems on the surface: On the face of it, it seems like a bargain, but I bet there are hidden costs. You say on the face of it when you are describing how something seems when it is first considered, in order to suggest that people's opinion may change when they know or think more about the subject. On the face of it that seems to make sense. But the figures don't add up. It is, on the face of it, a difficult point to grasp. used for saying that something appears to be true but might not be true when you have examined it in more detail We do not believe on the face of it that there has been illegal activity by the banks. 6. Marriage Story: So, there are two things. I thought your posture at the top of scene seven is still too dignified ( dignified [ˈdɪɡnɪˌfaɪd] 冷静的. 沉着的. someone who is dignified behaves in a calm way that people respect. If you say that someone or something is dignified, you mean they are calm, impressive and deserve respect. He seemed a very dignified and charming man. Mr Smith is maintaining a dignified silence. He was handsome and dignified. a. used about people's behavior. She maintained a dignified silence. I made what I hoped was a dignified exit. b. used about places and events. a dignified ceremony. these ancient and dignified Italian towns. dignify to make something or someone seem more important than they really are. I won't dignify his abuse by reacting to it. ). Okay. And then... at the end, I could tell you were pushing for the emotion. Well, you know I can't cry on stage, and I know you don't like it when I fake it, but... I thought maybe tonight it would come, but... it didn't. That's all I had. Thanks for indulging me 我要说的就是这些, 谢谢你纵容我(让我说完). Good night, Charlie. 7. Maybe I'm not explaining this well 没说清楚, 说的不清楚, 解释的不清楚. She serves you. We're friendly, we're fine. We're just trying to figure this out. She's not a bitch. Thanks, but this isn't... We're doing it a different way. And... I can't even close to afford this. I've got to get back to New York. I have a Broadway play in rehearsals. 8. I was the hot shit 正当红 ( If you say that someone thinks they are hot shit, you mean they think are very good at their job or career, or impressive in some other way, but you think they are not. He really thinks he's hot shit. You all think you're hot shit because you guessed that the dollar would continue to slide against the euro. ) at that time. Young, very sexy, with a great head of hair. 9. I just so appreciate that Charlie gave me this opportunity. Or maybe I should thank Nicole. I heard Nicole's pilot went to series, so she's moving to LA. 10. get off sb's case = get off sb's back informal to stop continuously criticizing someone for something they have done. to stop criticizing someone. Will you get off my case? I'm working as fast as I can. I told him the problem had already been dealt with and he could get off my case. 11. For cold cases, you need to go through all the documents to see if there's any blunder that you overlooked 忽略, 漏看, 错过. In chess, a blunder 昏招 is a very bad move. It is usually caused by some tactical oversight, whether from time trouble, overconfidence or carelessness. While a blunder may seem like a stroke of luck for the opposing player, some chess players give their opponent plenty of opportunities to blunder. 12. larceny [ˈlɑrs(ə)ni] 偷盗, 偷窃 ( grand larceny, petty larceny) the crime of stealing personal property. Haggerman now faces two to 20 years in prison on grand larceny charges. Moral epiphany良心发现 A person with morals is said to be good while an immoral person is bad. A moral epiphany describes the sudden understanding or an enlightened since of knowledge that dramatically changes a popular opinion or belief. The protagonist and antagonist 反派 prepare for confrontation, but the protagonist experiences an epiphany of moral courage that gives him what it takes to defeat the antagonist. Two and a half men s06e16: I got to check on something. Well, is it okay if I start without you? Top drawer, nightstand-- take your pick. Careful. The big one's a flashlight. That was fast. I'm guesng. You're right. I'm a sleazeball. Don't tell me you actually had a moral epiphany. Uh, "epiphany" means. Don't bother. I don't know what you call it, but I've got a gorgeous, willing girl in my bed, and I'm just not interested. Maybe you're a gay sleazeball. I'll tell you what's going on. You care about Chelsea too much to cheapen your relationship with a meaningless one-night stand. You're right. I do care about Chelsea. I'm crazy about her. Boy, that sucks. Big Bang Theory s02e14: Hey, I know it's none of my business, but where did the money come from? Well, I cut back my expenses like you said and picked up more hours at the restaurant. The biggest thing was, out of the blue, Kurt shows up and gives me the money he owes me. Really? Did he say why? Yes. He said he was feeling guilty and wanted to do what was right. That's it? Did he give any reason as to why he came to this moral epiphany? Nope. I just think he's really changed. We're having dinner tomorrow night. And I get to wear my new beret. Jerry Maguire: Jerry Maguire is a 1996 film about a sports agent who has a moral epiphany and is fired for expressing it, who then decides to put his new philosophy to the test as an independent with the only athlete who stays with him. 13. So where were we? Howard lives with his mother and Raj can't speak to women unless he's drunk. Go. Oh, that's fascinating. Selective mutism is quite rare. On the other hand, an adult Jewish male living with his mother is so common it borders on sociological cliche. It's just temporary. I pay rent. He lives in the same room where his bassinet ( [ˌbæsɪˈnet] a bed for a baby, shaped or woven like a basket.) was. Both selective mutism and an inability to separate from one's mother can stem from a pathological fear of women. It might explain why the two of you have created an ersatz ( [ˈerˌzæts] I. 充数的, 将就的. 凑活的. 凑合的. used instead of something better or more expensive. used instead of something else, usually because the other thing is too expensive or rare: I'm allowed to eat ersatz chocolate made from carob beans, but it's a poor substitute for the real thing. ersatz coffee. An ersatz product is a poor quality product that is used to replace something that is not available. There were few provisions available: 凑数的. 冒充的, 以次充好的. 临时凑数的 ersatz coffee, macaroni, margarine. II. not real or sincere. an ersatz controversy. If you describe something as ersatz, you dislike it because it is not genuine and is a poor imitation of something better. ...an ersatz Victorian shopping precinct. wiki: An ersatz good is a substitute good, especially one that is considered inferior to the good it replaces. It has particular connotations of wartime usage. vocabulary: The ersatz version of something is an inferior substitute or imitation. You might speak in an ersatz French accent, but you won't fool the Parisian who runs the local French bakery. Used as a noun or adjective, ersatz stems from the German verb ersetzen, which means "to replace." Compared with regular Coke, Diet Coke may be considered an ersatz beverage because of its artificial sweeteners. Similarly, rich, creamy, full-fat ice cream is much better than the ersatz, fat-free version, or frozen yogurt. You would be in deep trouble if your fiancé found out that her engagement ring was an ersatz diamond. ) homosexual marriage to satisfy your need for intimacy. Beverley: Leonard, it's one o'clock, weren't you going to show me your laboratory at one o'clock? Leonard: There's no hurry, Mother, tell them more about their secret love for each other. Beverley: But it's one o'clock, you were going to show me your laboratory at one o'clock. Sheldon: Her reasoning is unassailable ( [ˌʌnəˈseɪləb(ə)l] 无懈可击的 impossible to defeat, criticize, or argue with. The Colts quickly established an unassailable lead. If you describe something or someone as unassailable, you mean that nothing can alter, destroy, or challenge them. That was enough to give her an unassailable lead. His legal position is unassailable. Liverpool football club are still looking unassailable. assail I. to make someone feel worried or upset. He was assailed by doubts. If someone assails you, they criticize you strongly. The opposition's newspapers assail the government each day. The labour movement has been assailed by accusations of sexism. II. formal to physically attack or severely criticize someone. If someone assails you, they attack you violently. Dividing his command, Morgan assailed both strongholds at the same time. Her husband was assailed by a young man with a knife in a Glasgow park. III. mainly literary if a noise, smell, or sight assails you, you notice it immediately because it is very unpleasant or offensive. If you say that a loud sound or a strong smell assails someone's ears or nostrils, you are emphasizing that it is very intense and seems shocking or unpleasant. The scent of burning metal assailed his nostrils. IV. If you are assailed by something unpleasant such as fears or problems, you are greatly troubled by a large number of them. She is assailed by self-doubt and emotional insecurity. ). It is one o'clock. Leonard: Fine. Let's go. I think you'll find my work pretty interesting. I'm attempting to replicate the dark matter signal found in sodium iodide crystals by the Italians. Beverley: So, no original research? 14. I feel like an inverse tangent function that's approaching an asymptote. Stuck? What part of "inverse tangent function approaching an asymptote" did you not understand? I understood all of it, I'm not a moron. Just keep going. Yeah, I don't think I can. Well, then climb back down. No, that doesn't seem any more likely. 15. What was Leonard like when he was little? BEVERLY: Oh, I think you mean young. He's always been little. Right. What was he like when he was young? You'll have to be more specific. Oh, um, okay, like five or six. Five. Oh, well, at that age he was in what Freud would call the phallic stage of psychosexual development. An outmoded 过时的理论 ( no longer useful, suitable, or relevant. outmoded attitudes. ) theory, of course. But the boy did spend most of his waking hours with a tight grasp on his penis. Oh, yeah, Leonard mentioned you were a psychiatrist. Well, that is one of my degrees. My primary field is neuroscience. Oh. Well, I'm an actress. Why? Ha. What do you mean, why? There were studies that suggest many who go into the performing arts suffer from an external locus ( formal the particular place or situation in which something exists or takes place. the locus of political power. The locus of something is the place where it happens or the most important area or point with which it is associated. Barcelona is the locus of Spanish industry. Thereafter, the military remained the locus of real power. ) of identity. Yeah, I don't know what that means. Well, it means you value yourself only as others value you which is often the result of unmet 欲求不满的, 不满足的 childhood emotional needs. Oh, well, I had a wonderful childhood. Tell me about it. I know my dad wanted a boy. l-- I just-- I tried being good at sports, but I hated getting dirty. And then, I'm assuming, you entered adolescence. Uh-huh. He called me slugger ( I. a player who hits the ball very hard in baseball. II. a fighter, especially a boxer, who hits people very hard. ) until I got my first training bra and then he just stopped playing catch with me. I wasn't slugger anymore. 16. I don't see how we missed that 怎么我们就没有注意到呢. Oh That's how we missed it. Oh, Leonard, you know I can't do that. Okay, I guess we only have one option. Yup, I don't see any way around it 绕不开, 没有其他办法了. bombed 嗑药了的 experiencing the strong effect of alcohol or illegal drugs. intoxicated by drink or drugs. "'We might as well get bombed out of our minds ', he said, downing another bottle". Mother likes looking at brains and Sheldon likes getting his brain scanned. Jeez, what a fun couple. Ugh. She's only here a day and a half and I'm seriously considering alcoholism as a new career path. I talked to her for five minutes yesterday and I've been half bombed 半梦半醒的 ever since. You can't let her get into your head. My head, what about yours? It's too late for me. My head is her summer house 度假屋. She was right, you know. The locus of my identity is totally exterior to me. Oh, yeah, there she is. 17. permanent easement noun. an easement (=the right that someone has to use the land belonging to another eg a right of way) that has been granted for an unlimited time. All right, now before you enter my bedroom unescorted I need you to understand that this one time grant of access does not create a permanent easement. Easement. It's a legal right of access. Good grief. What? No, don't put me on hold. 18. perky 活泼的, 高兴的, 乐天的 cheerful and lively. If someone is perky, they are cheerful and lively. He wasn't quite as perky as normal. She had a perky, independent spirit. "she certainly looked less than her usual perky self". Do you know where I was all morning? Auditioning with 50 other blondes for some stupid antidepressant commercial. And for what? So I'll finally get my daddy's approval? Did you get the part? No, they said I was too perky. Wanna talk about not getting love from a parent? You know what I used to do when I was little to have sensation of human contact? Yeah, you grabbed your penis and wouldn't let go. Your mother told me. Of course she did. That's not what I was gonna say. Uh-- Uh, when I was 10-years old, I built a hugging machine. A hugging machine? Yeah. I got a mannequin, stuffed it with an electric blanket so it'd be warm and I built two radio-controlled arms that would hug me and pat my back. Oh, that is so sad. Know what the saddest part was? What? My father used to borrow it. 19. Okay, I'm gonna just go for broke ( go for broke 豁出去 to risk everything in the hope of having great success. go broke If a company or person goes broke, they lose money and are unable to continue in business or to pay their debts. Balton went broke twice in his career. ) here and say I like you. Yeah? So here's my question: Do you see any conversational path that would take us from where we are now to a place where I could ask you out and you'd say yes? 20. You know the rules of Secret Agent Laser Obstacle Chess. Leonard died again, Sheldon. You're up. Despite my deep love of chess, lasers and aerosol disinfectant I must forfeit ( [ˈfɔrfɪt] I. 弃权. to be forced to give up a right, a benefit, or something that you own, because you have broken a rule or law. If you forfeit something, you lose it or are forced to give it up because you have broken a rule or done something wrong. He was ordered to forfeit more than £1.5m in profits. He argues that murderers forfeit their own right to life. If they moved away, they would forfeit all rights to their land. It is the first time she has forfeited a tournament match through injury. II. 丧失. to lose something valuable by making a mistake or by doing something wrong. By attacking too late, they had forfeited the advantage of surprise. III. 选择放弃. If you forfeit something, you give it up willingly, especially so that you can achieve something else. He has forfeited a lucrative fee but feels his well-being is more important. Do you think that they would forfeit profit in the name of safety? adj. 罚没. 没收. something that is forfeit is taken from you because of something that you have done wrong or have failed to do They knew their lands would be forfeit if they lost the war. Abstention 投票弃权 is a term in election procedure for when a participant in a vote either does not go to vote (on election day) or, in parliamentary procedure, is present during the vote, but does not cast a ballot. Abstention must be contrasted with "blank vote", in which a voter casts a ballot willfully made invalid by marking it wrongly or by not marking anything at all. A "blank (or white) voter" has voted, although their vote may be considered a spoilt vote 无效投票, depending on each legislation, while an abstaining voter hasn't voted. Both forms (abstention and blank vote) may or may not, depending on the circumstances, be considered to be a protest vote (also known as a "blank vote" or "white vote"). ). Why? Because it's almost 11:00. So? So Penny has a "Don't knock on my door before 11:00 or I punch you in the throat" rule. 20. make inroads into/in/on something to take or use a large part of something. If one thing makes inroads into another, the first thing starts affecting or destroying the second. In Italy, as elsewhere, television has made deep inroads into cinema. European cars have started to make inroads into the Japanese market. innards [ˈɪnərdz] 内脏 the organs inside a person or animal, or the inside parts of a machine. entrails [ˈentrəlz, ˈenˌtreɪlz] 五脏六腑 (拿出体外的) I. the organs inside the body of a person or animal, especially the intestines. a person's or animal's intestines or internal organs, especially when removed or exposed. the intestines and other inside organs of an animal or person, when they are outside the body: pig entrails. II. figurative The sofa's entrails (= pieces of material from inside) were sticking out in places. viscera [ˈvɪsərə] the large organs inside the body, including the heart, stomach, lungs, and intestines. gut feeling/reaction informal a strong belief about someone or something that cannot completely be explained and does not have to be decided by reasoning: I have a gut feeling that the relationship won't last. sb's gut informal a way of deciding what should be done or what is right, that is based on how someone feels rather than thinking about reasons: My head said that I should go but my gut said I should stay. I went with my gut and chose Sarah to lead the team. guts 勇气, 胆量 informal courage in dealing with danger or uncertainty: [ + to infinitive ] It takes a lot of guts to admit to so many people that you've made a mistake. gut verb I. to destroy the inside of a building completely, usually by fire: A fire gutted the bookshop last week. II. to remove the inside parts and contents of a building, usually so that it can be decorated in a completely new way. 21. The title of Measure for Measure is taken from the Bible: "Judge not, that you be not judged. For with the judgment you pronounce you will be judged and the measure you give will be the measure you get" (Matthew 7.1 and 7.2). This quotation from Christ's Sermon on the Mount, stating generally that each individual will be judged as harshly as he has judged others, implies that mercy and human sympathy should temper justice. In Mark, the thought is expressed again: "And he said to them, 'Take heed what you hear; the measure you give will be the measure you get, and still more will be given you'" (Mark 4.24). It is interesting to note that the phrase also appears in one of Shakespeare's earlier plays, King Henry VI, Part 3: "Measure for measure must be answered" (II. vi. 55). 22. What a remarkable woman. Yeah, I thought you guys might hit it off. I envy you your childhood. I hate to tell you but the only warm memories 温馨回忆, 美好回忆 I have of my childhood are of my Uncle Floyd. You're clearly misremembering 记错了. Your mother is brilliant, analytical, insightful. I'm betting she never hit you with a Bible because you wouldn't eat Brussels sprouts. Sheldon, you don't give your mother enough credit. She's warm, she's loving, she doesn't glue electrodes to your head to measure your brain waves while potty training. You were lucky. When I was a kid, if I wanted an EEG, I had to attach my own electrodes. Rather than mock me ( used for saying that one thing is preferred to another or happens instead of another. Doug chose to quit rather than admit that he'd made a mistake. Rather than criticizing your husband, why not find out if there's something wrong? We want the matter settled sooner rather than later. You use rather than when you are contrasting two things or situations. Rather than introduces the thing or situation that is not true or that you do not want. The problem was psychological rather than physiological.) my friends might realize this is difficult and try to help me through it. Nope, I think mocking you is more fun. 23. Your scan data will be very helpful to my research. You have a remarkable brain. I know. Although I've always hated how my right frontal lobe looks in pictures. Common complaint among men. Nothing's ever big enough. Except when they get a tumor. Then you never hear the end of it. Yeah, I'd love to see a scan of your brain sometime. Oh, I'll send you a link, but its physiology is fairly unimpressive. Oh, I can't believe that. Your unwillingness to accept empirical 实体证据, 实际证据, 实证 ( [emˈpɪrɪk(ə)l] Empirical evidence is the information received by means of the senses, particularly by observation and documentation of patterns and behavior through experimentation. based on real experience or scientific experiments rather than on theory. Empirical evidence or study relies on practical experience rather than theories. There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis. ...empirically based research. They approached this part of their task empirically. based on what is experienced or seen rather than on theory: This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical data/evidence. Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective. If knowledge is empirical, it's based on observation rather than theory. To do an empirical study of donut shops, you'll need to visit every one you can find. Empirical looks like empire but comes from a completely different origin: it is from the Greek empeirikos, meaning "experienced." It was originally used in medicine for doctors making choices based on observation and experiment rather than theoretical ideas. It's now used for any kind of knowledge that comes from experience. You can meditate all day on the origins of donuts, but until you visit the donut bakery you'll lack empirical knowledge of donut creation.) evidence suggests an attempt at flattery. My apologies. I've been living with your son too long. Gotten into some bad habits. Understandable. Can I make you a cup of tea? I doubt it, but if anyone has a chance, it's probably you. I feel very comfortable around you. I feel very comfortable around you too. It's surprising because I generally don't feel comfortable around-- Well, anyone. Nor I. What are the odds that two individuals as unique as ourselves would be connected by someone as comparatively workaday ( 普普通通的, 平凡的 ordinary or common, and not special or unusual. ) as your son? Is that a rhetorical point or would you like to do the math? I'd like to do the math.

Big Bang Theory: 1. I'm dressed like 穿得好像 a slob ("Look at me for the last two years, I've gone from heartthrob to fat slob肥猪." slob [slob] Informal A person regarded as slovenly, crude, or obnoxious. slob up SI to eat. What time do you people slob up around here? Fred stopped slobbing up long enough to change the channel on the TV set. slob someone who is lazy or messy. someone who is lazy and untidy a lazy slob. Bachelor and all round slob, Buck, babysits his brother's rebellious teenage daughter and her cute younger brother and sister. slob around/out British English informal to spend time doing nothing and being lazy) today. The guys have been helping me set up my sound system. I've never had such good-looking technical support. Oh, pish posh (pish-tosh 净胡说, 瞎说什么, 胡说八道. 说得什么鬼话 = pish posh = tommyrot [ˈtɒmɪˌrɒt]: a nice, upper-crust, slightly less obnoxious way of saying "bullshit". A phrase commonly used to scoff at some one or something; disbelief; A condescending interjection. Mel: We're going to the movies, do you want to come?Bruce: Pish-tosh! Nonsense; tommyrot. declaring one's opinions or thoughts absurd, irrelevant or redundant. blowing off someone's statement. nonsense; something absurd 荒唐, 荒谬, 莫名其妙. Oh, that's pish posh, dude."let's get together! it's only been 3 years sarcastic!" "oh, pish posh! i saw you last week!" another way for saying bullshit. another word for "fuck that". ). It means shucks. Shucks means shucks ( Shucks is an exclamation that is used to express embarrassment, disappointment, or annoyance. [US, informal, feelings] Terry actually says 'Oh, shucks!' when complimented on her singing.). Let one go once in a while. 2. Oh, hey, could you pick me up a few comics for my nephew's birthday? No, I think you mean comic books 漫画书. Comics are feeble attempts at humor featuring talking babies and anthropomorphized pets found traditionally in the optimistically named "funny pages." Leonard, pick me up comics for my nephew's birthday? Sure. What does he like? I don't know, just pick out anything. Just pick out anything? Maybe we can pick out a new suit for him without knowing his size or pick out his career without knowing his aptitude or pick out a new breakfast cereal without knowing his fiber requirements or his feelings about little marshmallows. 3. Leonard: That is so great. Oh, I'm Leonard, I live downstairs. Upstairs from here, but under you. Not under you per se, but under your apartment. Alicia: That's nice. Leonard: Yeah, it is. Sheldon: If that concludes your faltering 蹩脚的 attempt to mate, hello. Alicia: Hello. Sheldon: Hello. On a scale of one to ten how light of foot 脚步轻的, 轻手轻脚的 would you describe yourself with one being not cat-like at all and ten being freakishly feline? Alicia: Freakishly feline ([ˈfiˌlaɪn] 猫, 猫似的, a cat or other member of the cat family.)? Sheldon: Is that your answer or do you not understand the question? We'll come back to that one. Leonard: Sheldon. Sheldon: Hang on. Are you now or have you ever been a salsa, Irish folk or break-dancer? Alicia: No. Leonard: You're making her uncomfortable. Sheldon: Oh, I'm sorry. Well, if it helps you feel any better you're doing very well so far. Next question, are you fertile [ˈfɜːtaɪl; US: ˈfɜːrtəl]( I. fertile land is able to produce good crops or plants. II. a fertile person, animal, or plant is able to produce babies, young animals, or new plants. III. a fertile mind or situation is able to produce good ideas or results. This is surely fertile ground for experimentation. a child's fertile imagination. )? Alicia: What?! Sheldon: I'm trying to determine whether crying infants above my head are a possibility. Alicia: I have no immediate plans. Sheldon: If that changes, let me know. And finally, area rugs, pro or con? Alicia: Pro? Sheldon: Alicia? Alicia: Yes? Sheldon: Welcome to the building. Alicia: Thanks so much for helping me, Leonard. Leonard: Thank you so much for giving me the opportunity to help. Penny (exiting apartment): Oh, hey, guys. Leonard: Hey, Penny. this is Alicia, our new neighbour. 4. But what if I didn't like it? lt'd still be you, but I'd feel like an idiot. I don't believe it. Stuart's putting the moves 下手, 动手 on ( make a move on = put the moves on) make a proposition to (someone), especially of a sexual nature. "the scheme will probably be used as an excuse by male staff to make a move on unsuspecting young ladies". ) Penny. I have got to learn how to draw. Once again, defeated by your own prurient ( [ˈprʊriənt] 色情狂似的, 变态的 involving sex in an unpleasant way. If you describe someone as prurient, you mean that they show too much interest in sexual matters [formal, disapproval] We read the gossip written about them with prurient interest. prurient interests/thoughts. ) interests. Guys, have you seen Stuart all up in Penny's business ( all up in somebody's business 贴上去了 (Noun) getting involved in something that is really not of your concern. Usage: "You really should think about it before you do that!" "Why you gotta be all up in my business?! I know what I'm doing!" Ebonics for being in my face and annoying the bejesus out of me. Something about him creeps me out. I can't really explain it. He's always up in my business. up in (one's) grill 靠的太近, 几乎脸贴脸了 in one's personal space. means when someone is all up in your business or all up in your body area Towards the end of the fight, they were both up in each other's grill.) over there? Nobody's up in anybody's business. Let's just buy our stuff and go. 5. Now I have to start all over again. Yeah, I thought about 考虑过 renting this apartment but I'm really more of a downtown-loft kind of guy. Cool. So are you in a loft now? Oh, actually I'm living with a woman in Altadena. Purely platonic. She's also my maid. Heh. Sounds like a sweet deal. Well, I won't lie. It's pretty dope( noun. I. a stupid person. If someone calls a person a dope, they think that the person is stupid. I'm more comfortable with them. I don't feel I'm such a dope. II. uncountable an illegal drug, especially marijuana. Dope is a drug, usually an illegal drug such as marijuana or cocaine. A man asked them if they wanted to buy some dope. He has failed a dope test for cocaine. You get dope dealers on every corner. a dope dealer. the dope all the information or latest news about someone or something. Dope is information which you have been given illegally or secretly. The government had plenty of dope on him. dope on: What's the dope on Kate's new boyfriend? adj. I. excellent. very good. You were dope, everything you did was like super mega fresh .... II. cool, in-style Whoa, those sunglasses are dope! verb. If someone dopes a person or animal 下药 or dopes their food, they put drugs into their food or force them to take drugs. Anyone could have got in and doped the wine. I'd been doped with Somnolin. They've got him doped to the eyeballs. ...recent cases of horse doping. ). 6. I'm helping. I can see. Alicia's non-musical, childless and pro-rug. She's still on probation, of course, but I like her. Cool T-shirt. Oh, yeah, I don't usually dress like this. I'm going jogging. You don't jog. I can start. The more likely explanation 更可能的解释是 for your attire is that you're out of clean clothes again. Congratulations, I see you did your laundry. Well, sort of. How does one sort of--? Penny: I bought new clothes, okay? Is Leonard around? Sheldon: He's upstairs at Alicia's. Penny: Oh. all right, that's cool, no biggie. He said he'd help me set up my printer, but I guess I can wait. What exactly is he doing up there? Sheldon: In what I can only perceive as a tactical move to destroy me, he is with Wolowitz and Koothrappali setting up her stereo. Penny: Oh, they're all up there, huh? Hmm, typical. Sheldon: It's axiomatically ( [ˌæksiəˈmætɪk] generally believed to be obvious or true. ) atypical. Up until recently, they did not know Alicia, and had no encounters with her in a previous location. They never went upstairs to visit the former tenants, so your characterization of their behaviour as typical Is demonstrably ( US [dɪˈmɑnstrəb(ə)l] UK [ˈdemənstrəb(ə)l] clear or obvious a demonstrable improvement in performance. ) fallacious ( [fəˈleɪʃəs] based on false information or ideas. ). Penny: Okay, now I see the giant squid head. (Leaves) Sheldon: Oh, great! now, I have to start all over again. (Rubs out imaginary workings). 7. I'll have a Brandy Alexander. All right, the Three Musketeers just became the Dynamic Duo. Should we talk to some of these women? No, it's way too early in the night for that. See, first we let the lawyers and the jocks thin the herd 挑拣, 撇腥 ( it means to reduce the size of one's livestock by removing the (genetically) weaker animals from the group. It can also mean to hunt or kill off animals as a mean of population control. ) and then we go after the weak and the old and the lame. That's your system? That's my system. Oh, and if you spot a chick with a Seeing Eye dog 导盲犬, she's mine. Oh, come on. I think it's nice that Captain Sweatpants showed up to your art opening. Yeah. It would've been nicer if he hadn't touched all the cheese. Um, you know, it's kind of early. Wanna maybe come in for coffee or something? Oh, gee, it's a little late for coffee, isn't it? Oh, you think "coffee" means coffee. That is so sweet. Come on, I think I have decaf. Oh, good, Stuart. I thought I heard your voice. Do you have a moment? Uh, yeah, I guess. We're a little busy here, so. What are you doing? We're having coffee. Isn't it a little late for coffee? It's okay. I'll just go look for it. What's up? Well, I've spent the last three hours in a debate in the DC Comics Batman chat room, and I need your help. Oh, yeah. Those guys can be very stubborn. What's the topic? I am asserting in the event that Batman's death proves permanent the original Robin, Dick Grayson, is the logical successor 继任者, 继承者 to the Bat Cowl. Ooh, Sheldon, I'm afraid you couldn't be more wrong. "More wrong"? Wrong is an absolute state and not subject to gradation. Of course it is. It's a little wrong to say a tomato is a vegetable. It's very wrong to say it's a suspension bridge. But returning to the original issue, Dick Grayson became Nightwing. A superhero in his own right. "Batman Two" has to be the second Robin, Jason Todd. "Has to be"? "Has to be"? I hope you're being deliberately provocative 故意挑事, 故意惹事. PENNY: I found the decaf. Oh, great. Yeah, herbal tea ( [ UK hɜːbl̩; US: ˈɜːrbl̩]) for me, please. 8. Well, what happened? Been sitting here all night and the longest conversation you've had with a woman was when your mom called. Wow, you're just gonna make me come out and say it, aren't you? Say what? You're weighing me down 拖累, 拖后腿. I'm a falcon who hunts better solo. Fine, I'll sit here. You take flight and hunt. Don't be ridiculous. You can't just tell a falcon when to hunt. Actually, you can. There's a whole sport built around it. Falconry ([ˈfælkənri] the activity or skill of training falcons 猎鹰 to hunt. Falconry is the skill of training falcons to hunt, and the sport of using them to hunt.). 9. What's wrong, Superman? Locked out of your big ice thingy? Look at this. Mouthwash, lotion, body wash, shampoo and conditioner together in one tiny bottle. I love Las Vegas. Hey, Howard, can I borrow some aftershave? Black case, top compartment. That's a lot of cologne. First row are your musks. Second is woods, leathers and botanicals. Third is assorted pheromones. Tread lightly 小心谨慎 ( to proceed with delicacy or tact. To proceed carefully; especially, to seek to avoid causing offense. He's in a bad mood today, so you might want to tread lightly if you talk to him.) 轻拿轻放, 别乱翻. That's the spirit, Howard. 10. You guys go ahead. I just have to finish up an e-mail. That's not an e-mail, that's Leslie's Facebook page. Okay, fine. I'm checking her Facebook page. Look at her status update. She's saying she dumped me. People need to know I dumped her. But she did dump you. Grow up, Raj. There's no place 没有立足之地 for truth on the Internet. Just go. I'll catch up with you. 10. What's up? Well, tonight's my date with Penny. And we haven't been able to connect by phone-- -Yeah, I'm sorry. It's been broken. Or e-mail. Yeah, that's broken too. Everything's broken. Anyway, I was just wondering if you had any last-minute advice. All right. Well, off the top of my head you know, I think the most important thing with Penny is to go really slow. I mean, glacial. Okay. You know, guys come on to her all the time, so you need to, like, set yourself apart 区别开来, 不一样, you know? Be a little shy. And don't make too much eye contact. And you know, treat her with, like, cool detachment. And, you know, fear. Fear? Yeah. Like you're afraid that if you touch her, she'll break. Well, that plays right into my wheelhouse( in (someone's) wheelhouse 正中下怀 In, related to, or matching someone's general interests, abilities, or area of familiarity; in someone's comfort zone. It's clear, however, that the political implications of this issue are well in the author's wheelhouse. Jeff's always stayed in his wheelhouse when it comes to dating women. He doesn't usually go for anyone very different from himself. ). 11. I've been here three months. All I've gotten is a couple commercials. And this recurring ( recurrent [rɪˈkʌrənt] = recurring [rɪˈkɜːrɪŋ] happening again, especially several times a recurrent theme. a recurrent eye infection. a recurring dream. If something is recurring, it happens at regularly occurring intervals. More than 60 percent of recurring costs were attributable directly to materials, products, and services purchased from external suppliers. Include in the expenses accrued for the period all recurring fees that are charged to all shareholder accounts in proportion to the length of the base period. If something is recurring, it happens at regularly occurring intervals. ) thing on a soap. That's why I work at The Cheesecake Factory. I'm holding out for the right part. Alicia, what do you want as your default setting for DVDs, 5.1 Dolby or DTS? Whatever you think is best, cutie. Well, DTS has more low-end so okay. Hey, guys, you will really appreciate this. I read the best science joke on the internet. Alicia, you won't get it, but it's right up their alley. Anyway, so this physicist goes into an ice cream parlor every week orders an ice cream sundae for himself and offers one to the empty stool next to him. This goes on until the owner asks him what he's doing. The man says, "Well, I'm a physicist and quantum mechanics teaches us that it is possible for the matter above this stool to spontaneously turn into a beautiful woman who might accept my offer and fall in love." The owner then says, "Lots of women come in here every day. Why don't you buy an ice cream for them, and they might fall in love?" And the physicist says: "Yeah, but what are the odds of that happening?" Ha. That's a little insulting, don't you think? How would I know? I'm not even sure I get it. Hey, Leonard? If you're done with the DVD player, can you set up my printer? Oh, yeah, I'd love to. When you're done with her printer, you could set up mine. You know, like you promised, a week ago? Yeah, I'll get to it. Don't nag 唠叨 me. 12. Well, they're all still up there. You think I can't hear them? Listen to that. Stomp, stomp, stomp. It's Wolowitz in his stacked heels that fool no one 谁也骗不了. I don't even know why I care. I don't care. All right, I cared enough to memorize that stupid joke, but that's all I care. 13. Thank God you're home. I need help. What's wrong? I got a callback to audition for CSI to play a hooker who gets killed. Oh, I'd watch that. But my car is in the shop and I have to be at Universal in 45 minutes. Okay, well, I'll take you. ALICIA: Oh, you're a lifesaver. I'll run lines with you in the car. ALICIA: Great. And afterward, I'll take you all out for Chinese. 14. I cannot believe they're letting her just use them like that. Anything she wants, they go panting after her like trained dogs. Just last week, she had Howard drive to her uncle's house in Orange County to pick up her TV? You once had Leonard and me get your television from your ex-boyfriend. Apples and oranges here, Sheldon. I'm telling you, that girl is a user, skating through life on her looks taking advantage of innocent men getting auditions for stupid network shows. It just creams my corn (creams my corn! annoys me! When something pisses you off so much it is about as bad as ordering corn, and getting creamed corn instead of regular corn. It just creams my corn! It really annoys me! Bothers me! "That really creams my corn" is a different way of saying "That really gets my goat" -- that really annoys me. It's just humor, playing with the language. the cream of the crop The best of a particular group. We need to draft this player—he's definitely the cream of the crop. These delicious strawberries are the cream of the crop. ). May I interject 插一句话 something here? Please. You got the wrong mustard. 15. Hey, I gotta ask you something.
How much do physicists make? Um. Ah. I don't know. I don't think a lot. Yeah, that's what I figured. Well, gotta run. The guys promised to set up my satellite dish and paint my bedroom.

Constrain and restrain VS refrain VS contain; coronavirus;

用法学习: 1. It's usually 'Keep your hands to yourself 老实点, 老老实实地'; it means 'don't touch/take anything that doesn't belong to you'. "Keep your hands to yourself" is a common idiom that means the same thing as "don't touch!" It can be used in many different situations - for example, a. 别乱动. 别乱摸. you have several young children with you as you're browsing through a shop that has expensive fragile items on the shelves. You might admonish your children "When we go inside the store, I want you all to keep your hands to yourself. If you accidentally break anything, I'll have to pay for it." b. 别打闹. When a teacher of young children notices the boys playfully punching one another and pulling the girls' hair and such, she might announce "Everyone keep your hands to yourself or there will be no recess today!" c. 别动手动脚的. A woman in a nightclub might find that the man sitting next to her is suddenly getting a little too "touchy-feely" - that is, while they're chatting, he places his hand on her knee. She might forcibly remove his hand and tell him, "Please keep your hands to yourself or I'll kick you so hard your grandparents will feel it." 2. Wisdom, sapience, or sagacity( sagacity [səˈɡæsəti] good judgment based on practical knowledge and experience. ...a man of great sagacity and immense experience. sagacious [səgeɪʃəs] 精明的 (wise, shrewd, astute, knowing ) A sagacious person is intelligent and has the ability to make good decisions. ...a sagacious leader. sapient [ˈseɪpiənt] wise or sagacious. sapiens [sæpienz] homo sapiens [ˌhoʊmoʊ ˈsæpiənz] Homo sapiens is used to refer to modern human beings as a species, in contrast to other species of ape or animal, or earlier forms of human. What distinguishes homo sapiens from every other living creature is the mind. Frankenstein 科学怪人; or, The Modern Prometheus is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley (1797–1851) that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a hideous sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. Frankenstein is infused with elements of the Gothic novel and the Romantic movement. Brian Aldiss has argued that it should be considered the first true science fiction story because, in contrast to previous stories with fantastical elements resembling those of later science fiction, the central character "makes a deliberate decision" and "turns to modern experiments in the laboratory" to achieve fantastic results. It has had a considerable influence in literature and popular culture and spawned a complete genre of horror stories, films and plays. Since the novel's publication, the name "Frankenstein" has often been used to refer to the monster itself. ) is the ability to think and act using knowledge, experience, understanding, common sense and insight. Wisdom is associated with attributes such as unbiased judgment, compassion, experiential self-knowledge, self-transcendence and non-attachment, and virtues such as ethics and benevolence. 3. in (good) working order/condition working properly. have/know sth off pat 熟稔于心, 滚瓜烂熟 (US have/know sth down pat) to know something so well that you can say or do it without having to try or think: I'd given the talk so many times I had it off pat. pov = povo (poverty) noun a person who is poor: They can't afford to go - they're real povos. adj poor, or befitting a poor person: povo clothes. a poor, declassee person (presumably from 'poverty?) [used to] dismiss contemptously: "He (she) is a povo." "Ignore him. He is just a 'povvo' 穷酸样, 穷鬼, 穷光蛋. Look at his clothes." I would also say that this is used to describe someone who is tight arsed but not necessarily poor. Contributor's comments: poor and despised person: "Take no notice of him 不用理他 - he's just a povo." Response from a Frankston boy when asked if he was going to a particular event- "Nah I can't go, I'm a bit povo this week". pov bad form, untrendy, cheap and nasty: Mum, your hairstyle is really pov; This TV programme is pov. Compare povo. [originally a derogatory term for an economically-disadvantaged person, short for poverty-stricken 穷困潦倒的]. povo joint 破烂的地方. 4. What do you do out there 做什么工作? Delivering pizzas. What line of work do you do? line of work: the work that a person does regularly in order to earn money.  "he's not in my line of business". He's in a dangerous line of work. What's your field: For a graduate-level student, this question might make sense since they are often working. But for an undergrad, "field" is likely to get a "huh?" and require you to ask "What's your major?" or "What are you studying?" The easiest question is "What are you studying?" and often allows a more accurate answer and allows you both to get there more efficiently. In order to answer, it's worthwhile looking at the differences between field, occupation and career. What is your field of working? A field is a particular branch of study or sphere of activity or interest. Field is often used to indicate a specific occupational area or academic branch (e.g.civil engineering, physics, marine science), rather than referring to a specific job. In other words, it's a person's area of expertise, and it's common to ask the question in such a manner: What is your field of expertise? A person does not have to be currently working (or working in that occupation) in order to have a field. What is your occupation? occupation refers to the field or type of work you perform. For example: A: What's your occupation/profession?" B: "I'm an accountant." or "I'm an engineer." Profession is another term worth mentioning here. Occupation and profession are similar in that they both refer to the general type of work a person does (or would want to do). The difference is that an occupation may require specialised training, such as an apprenticeship, while a profession normally requires some form of third level education in that particular field. Given the answers you've provided ("Accountancy", "Nursing", "Medicine", "Engineering"), these are all fields of expertise, therefore it would be acceptable to ask: A: What is your field of expertise? B: Engineering is my field. IF you wanted to ask about occupation however, the answers would have to change somewhat: A: What is your occupation? 做哪一行的 B: I'm an accountant/nurse/doctor/engineer. 5. sarong [səˈrɒŋ] 纱笼裤 sarong or sarung a garment consisting of a long piece of cloth worn wrapped round the body and tucked at the waist or under the armpits, traditionally worn in SE Asia and now also by women in the West. Thermals long johns 秋衣, 秋裤 (叫john的原因不明). Long underwear, also called long johns or thermal underwear, is a style of two-piece underwear with long legs and long sleeves that is normally worn during cold weather. It is commonly worn by people under their clothes in cold countries. 6. Little Britain will return to TV for the first time in 12 years but ... have to do things differently for today's 'woke' viewers (  aware of social and political issues relating to race, gender, class, etc. alert to injustice in society, especially racism. "we need to stay angry, and stay woke". Woke means being conscious of racial discrimination in society and other forms of oppression and injustice. In mainstream use, woke can also more generally describe someone or something as being "with it." ). Hit British comedy Little Britain looks set to be making a comeback after 12 years despite fears it may fall foul of 'woke' viewers. 7. Pre-ejaculate (premature ejaculation = pre ejaculation 早泄) (also known as pre-ejaculatory fluid, pre-seminal fluid or Cowper's fluid, and colloquially as pre-cum) is a clear, colorless, viscous fluid that is emitted from the urethra of the penis during sexual arousal. It is similar in composition to semen but has distinct chemical differences. The presence of sperm in the fluid is variable from low to absent. Pre-ejaculate functions as a lubricant and an acid neutralizer. 7. gangrene [ˈɡæŋˌɡrin] 坏死 a serious medical condition in which a part of someone's body decays when the blood stops flowing to it because of an injury or disease. manky [ˈmaŋki] I. inferior; worthless. "he wanted recruits for his manky bee-keeping society". manky fruits 次一点的, 差一点的. bruised fruits. II. dirty and unpleasant. "the man in the manky mackintosh". cigarette package 包装盒. 烟盒. hair plug 植发的一种方式. not the full quid I. lacking intelligence. II. to be a bit crazy or wacky. Primarily heard in Australia. He's not the full quid if he thinks that plan is going to work. Of course he's not the full quid—he's wearing pajamas at the beach! talk someone/something up 吹嘘, 替...吹牛皮, 牛皮吹上天 discuss someone or something in a way that makes them seem more interesting or attractive. to speak in a positive way about something or someone in order to persuade others: The candidate talked up his own plan to provide coverage for 27 million uninsured Americans. "he is talking up the company to stock analysts".  Why are you talking him up, you are divorced. at the coalface 第一线, 生产前线 doing the work involved in a job, in real working conditions, rather than planning or talking about it: At the coalface with a deadline looming, you sometimes feel under a lot of pressure. Today, I flanked a small but very powerful group of high-profile Indigenous players who are at the coal-face of the issue. toe the line 小心翼翼的, 谨小慎微的, 不敢越雷池一步的 If you toe the line, you behave in the way that people in authority expect you to. ...attempts to persuade the rebel members to toe the line. He's one of the politicians that wouldn't toe the party line. swallow dive = US swan dive a type of dive in which the diver arches the back while in the air, keeping the legs straight and together and the arms outstretched, finally entering the water headfirst. 8. acrimonious [ˌækrɪˈməʊniəs] an acrimonious situation is unpleasant because people feel angry towards each other. an acrimonious divorce. Acrimonious words or quarrels are bitter and angry. There followed an acrimonious debate. Our relationship ended acrimoniously. acrimony [ˈækrɪməni] angry and unpleasant words and feelings. The campaign has been marked by acrimony on both sides. amicable breakup 和平分手. palimony [ˈpæləmoni] (pal + alimony) noun. An allowance for support made under court order and given usually by one person to his or her former lover or live-in companion after they have separated. An allowance for support made under court order and given usually by one person to his or her former lover or live-in companion after they have separated. A division of property or, more commonly, financial assets between two former romantic partners who were not legally married. The term is an informal portmanteau of "pal" and "alimony." Even though they are not married, Janet tried to get some palimony through the courts because she said her whole life had become structured around Dave's income. living expenses—paid to a common-law wife or to a former girlfriend. He left her, and she took him to court to try to get him to pay palimony. alimony I. Law An allowance for support made under court order to a divorced person by the former spouse, usually the chief provider during the marriage. Alimony may also be granted without a divorce, as between legally separated persons. II. A means of livelihood; maintenance. an allowance paid under a court order by one spouse to another when they are separated but not divorced. maintenance I. (formerly unlawful) the interference in a legal action by a person having no interest in it, as by providing funds to continue the action. II. law 抚养费. a provision ordered to be made by way of periodical payments or a lump sum, as after a divorce for a spouse. Maintenance is money that someone gives regularly to another person to pay for the things that the person needs. ...the government's plan to make absent fathers pay maintenance for their children. III. The maintenance of a building, vehicle, road, or machine is the process of keeping it in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary. ...maintenance work on government buildings. The window had been replaced last week during routine maintenance. ...car maintenance 保养 lessons. IV. 维护. If you ensure the maintenance of a state or process, you make sure that it continues. ...the maintenance of peace and stability in Asia. ...the importance of natural food to the maintenance 维持, 维护 of health. champerty [ˈtʃampəti] an illegal agreement in which a person with no previous interest in a lawsuit finances it with a view to sharing the disputed property if the suit succeeds. Champerty and maintenance are doctrines in common law jurisdictions that aim to preclude frivolous litigation: Maintenance is the intermeddling of a disinterested 没有关系的 ( I. 没有利益关系的. 非利益攸关的 Someone who is disinterested is not involved in a particular situation or not likely to benefit from it and is therefore able to act in a fair and unselfish way. The current sole superpower is far from being a disinterested observer. Scientists, of course, can be expected to be impartial and disinterested. II. If you are disinterested in something, you are not interested in it. Some users of English believe that it is not correct to use disinterested with this meaning. We had both become jaded, disinterested, and disillusioned. Lili had clearly regained her appetite but Doran was disinterested in food. ) party to encourage a lawsuit.: It is: "A taking in hand, a bearing up or upholding of quarrels or sides, to the disturbance of the common right." Champerty (from Old French champart, a feudal lord's share of produce) is the "maintenance" of a person in a lawsuit on condition that the subject matter of the action is to be shared with the maintainer.: Among laymen 外行人, 圈外人, this is known as litigation finance. At common law, maintenance and champerty were both crimes and torts, as was barratry (the bringing of vexatious litigation). high-maintenance Someone who is or is perceived to be especially demanding, particular, or fussy. Oh no, I'm not as high-maintenance as my sisters—I only spend like five minutes getting ready in the morning. I have to go all the way back to the café to get Lou another coffee because that one wasn't up to his exacting standards. Ugh, how high-maintenance can you be? hegemony 霸权 The predominance of one state or social group over others. Hegemony is a situation in which one country, organization, or group has more power, control, or importance than others. 9. The incubation period 潜伏期 of the new coronavirus is thought to be between one and 14 days. The virus is contagious before symptoms appear. "14 days represents the internationally recognised incubation period for the disease," Dr Chant said."After this time the child is considered to not be at risk of infection." dormancy 休眠期. dormant [ˈdɔrmənt] 休眠的 something that is dormant is not active or developing now, but it may become active or develop in the future. The plants remain dormant all winter. a dormant volcano. not active or not growing at the present time but able to be active later The seeds remain dormant until the spring. a huge dormant volcano. latent [ˈleɪtənt] adj something that is latent is present but hidden, and may develop or become more noticeable in the future. The virus remains latent in the body for many years. latent aggression. something that is latent exists but is not obvious and has not developed yet. a latent infection 休眠期的. latent 暗藏的 内心的 anger/ aggression/ violence. Latent is used to describe something which is hidden and not obvious at the moment, but which may develop further in the future. Advertisements attempt to project a latent meaning behind an overt message. latent time 迟滞期, 滞缓期, 反应时间 (latency, reaction time) psychology the time from the onset of a stimulus to that of the response. latent demand 滞后需求 ECONOMICS, MARKETING demand for a product or service that a consumer cannot satisfy because they do not have enough money, because the product or service is not available, or because they do not know that it is available: New facilities were built just because the funds were there, rather than to fulfil any latent demand. A latent demand for smartphones saw sales climb as the recession eased. latent defect 不明显的缺陷 a defect or problem with a product, property, etc. that is hard to notice and may not be noticed before it is bought: When buying real estate, a cracked foundation is a serious latent defect that should be avoided. latency I. the state of existing but not being obvious or developed. the fact of being present but needing particular conditions to become active, obvious, or completely developed: The latency period for the cancer is 15 years. They measured the latency of the brain's response to a stimulus. II. ​computing 迟滞. 滞缓. 滞后. a measurement of delay in a system, especially the length of time it takes computer information to get from one place to another. lie dormant (=remain dormant): The virus can lie dormant for up to ten years. The integrated viral DNA may then lie dormant, in the latent stage of HIV infection. To actively produce the virus, certain cellular transcription factors need to be present, the most important of which is NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), which is upregulated when T cells become activated. This means that those cells most likely to be targeted, entered and subsequently killed by HIV are those actively fighting infection. 11. high on 热衷 Informal I. enthusiastic about; very interested in or impressed by. Tom is really high on the idea of going to Yellowstone this summer. I'm not high on going, but I will. II. affected by a drug that makes the user feel happy, excited, or relaxed. high on: He was high on cocaine. intoxicated. John is acting as if he is high on something. Has he been doing drugs again? bushwhack I. (transitive) US, Canadian and Australian to ambush. II. (intransitive) US, Canadian and Australian to cut or beat one's way through thick woods. III. (intransitive) US, Canadian and Australian to range or move around in woods or the bush. IV. (intransitive) US and Canadian to fight as a guerrilla in wild or uncivilized regions. Bushwhacking 丛林战 was a form of guerrilla warfare 游击战 common during the American Revolutionary War, American Civil War and other conflicts in which there were large areas of contested land and few governmental resources to control these tracts. This was particularly prevalent in rural areas during the Civil War where there were sharp divisions between those favoring the Union and Confederacy in the conflict. The perpetrators of the attacks were called bushwhackers. The term "bushwhacking" is still in use today to describe ambushes done with the aim of attrition. 12. at ease I. confident and relaxed. He was more at ease in the classroom than on a political platform. feel at ease: I did my best to make him feel at ease. II. an order to soldiers to stand with their feet apart and their hands behind their backs. ill at ease not confident or relaxed. put someone at (their) ease. put/set someone's mind at ease/at rest 放宽心. 13. Ad hominem [ˌæd ˈhɑmɪnem] 进行人身攻击 criticizing a person's character instead of what they are saying. based on or appealing to emotion rather than reason. ad rem [æd ˈrɛm] 正中要害的, 一语中的的 to the point; without digression. to reply ad rem. an ad rem discussion. argumentum ad hominem [ˌɑːɡjʊˈmɛntʊm æd ˈhɒmɪˌnɛm] I. fallacious argument that attacks not an opponent's beliefs but his or her motives or character. II. argument that shows an opponent's statement to be inconsistent with his or her other beliefs. Ad hominem (Latin for "to the person"), short for argumentum ad hominem, typically refers to a fallacious argumentative strategy whereby genuine discussion of the topic at hand is avoided by instead attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making the argument, or persons associated with the argument, rather than attacking the substance of the argument itself.

'Constrain' and 'restrain' VS refrain (控制疫情用contain): A reader has written "I've read the definitions for constrain and restrain but am still having difficulty knowing when to use which word. Can you help?" There is some overlap in the meaning of the two words. Both can be used in the senses of holding something back by force or of limiting or restricting one's actions. Restrain is used more in the sense of preventing an action:  Congress must restrain spending next year. The man turned violent and it took four officers to restrain him. I wanted more dessert, but I restrained myself. Constrain is used more in the sense of placing limits, restrictions, or controls on an action:  The beauty of our sport is that there are hardly any rules to constrain you. Industry regulations must not constrain innovation. The police hope to impose order and constrain violence. In actual usage, this distinction may not be very significant to the overall meaning of the context in which the words appear. restrain [rɪˈstreɪn] I. to prevent someone or yourself from doing something. Please restrain yourself from coughing during the performance. II. to physically control the movements of a person or animal. The passenger had to be restrained by four members of the cabin crew. constrain To constrain someone or something means to limit their development or force them to behave in a particular way. Many working parents are too often constrained 受限于 by inflexible working hours. The company is constrained to offer salaries that can only attract mediocre staff. The capacity of those roads will constrain the amount of car travel. These will be very constrained budgets designed to get the deficit down. feel constrained 有义务, 有必要, 感觉有必要, 感觉必须 If you feel constrained to do something, you feel that you must do it, even though you would prefer not to. For some reason he felt constrained to lower his voice. refrain [rɪˈfreɪn] If you refrain from doing something, you deliberately do not do it. to stop yourself from doing something. This word is often used in official announcements or signs. Please refrain from smoking in this area. Mrs Hardie refrained from making any comment. He appealed to all factions to refrain from violence. noun. I. A refrain is a short, simple part of a song, which is repeated many times. ...a refrain from an old song. II. A refrain is a comment or saying that people often repeat. Rosa's constant refrain is that she doesn't have a life.

Big Bang Theory: 1. Ahoy, matey. Noticed the eye patch, did you? It's all part of a technique I've been studying for picking up women. You employ 运用, 借用 a visual display designed to make yourself distinctive and memorable 印象深刻的. Oh, yes, like the male peacock with brilliant plumage or the rutting ( relating to the period of the year during which particular male animals are sexually active: the rutting season. Rutting male animals such as deer are in a period of sexual excitement and activity. ...jokes about bitches in heat and rutting stags. During the rutting season the big boars have the most terrible mating battles. ) baboon with engorged (swollen) hindquarters ( [ˈhaɪndˌkwɔrtərz] the back parts of an animal’s body, including its back legs. ). Or in this case, the bar mitzvah boy ( Bar mitzvah [bɑr ˈmɪtsvə]  is a Jewish coming of age ritual for boys. Bat mitzvah is a Jewish coming of age ritual for girls. a Jewish religious ceremony held on a boy's thirteenth birthday, after which he is considered to be an adult in his religious life. ) with pink eye. Mock me if you will 随便你怎么嘲笑( If you will I. this is one way of saying this. used to say that a particular expression is one way of saying something, especially to suggest that some people may not choose to say it that way: I did very well in school , with a "genius IQ" if you will. used when describing something in an unusual way or in a way that you think someone might not agree with. It's relaxation; another form of meditation, if you will. II. spoken formal used for asking people who are listening to you to think about something. Consider, if you will, the position of women in Afghanistan. ), but it works. You show up in something distinctive scope out your target and toss out some negs. What are negs? A neg is a negative compliment that throws a pretty woman off her game, like: "Normally, I'm not turned on by big teeth, but on you they work. " I got a whole list of them. 2. Yeah, I'm sorry, but I'm not going to watch the Clone Wars TV series until I've seen the Clone Wars movie. I prefer to let George Lucas disappoint me in the order he intended. Well, I wanna watch it now. Then I believe we've arrived at another quintessential Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock moment. 3. SHELDON: Will you at least stipulate that Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home is inarguably the best? I have three words for you: Wrath of Khan. Thank God you're here. What's the emergency 有急事吗? I got the Mars rover 探测车 stuck in a ditch. Where? On a dusty highway just outside Bakersfield. Where do you think? On Mars. 4. Wait a minute, so the eye patch and the insults worked? No, there were three other guys with eye patches. It was a fiasco. What did work was, "How'd you like to visit a secret government facility?" So, what exactly do you want us to do? You help me get the rover out, and you get Stephanie out before somebody notices. She doesn't exactly have clearance 清查. Really? They don't let strange women from honky-tonks play with $200 million government projects on distant planets? Yes, I was bad. Maybe she'll spank me. 5. The possibility of life on Mars has long fascinated scientists and laypersons alike. It's unclear how the Mars Rover got into the crevice ([ˈkrevɪs] a narrow crack in rock or in a wall. ), but one thing's certain, the data which it has sent back contain the first clear indications that there may have been life on Mars. It's a scientific discovery that has staggering implications for all mankind. Unfortunately, we'll never know who's responsible. 6. So anyway, Lisa, I just wanted to tell you again how much I enjoyed the other night, and again, I'm sorry for how it ended. But again, if you could let me know about Friday my mother needs a head count 人数 so she can know how big a brisket to get. 7. Friends: What the hell is that dog doing here? I invented the game of Cups as a way to give Joey money. And now you want that money back? Exactly. What kind of idiot do you take me for? It's not a real game. I made it up. I'm sorry you lost your money. But I won it fair and square. At a fake game! If you wanna try to make some of it back. I'd be glad to play you for it. But I should warn you. I am very good at Cups. take someone for something 把我当, 把我看成, 把我当做 to consider or suppose to be, esp. mistakenly. Do you take me for an idiot? What kind of idiot do you take me for? take on someone/something to fight or compete against someone or something: I'll take you on in a game of chess. You have to be brave to take on a big corporation in court. Howard is employing a schoolyard paradigm in which you are for all intents and purposes = to all intents and purposes 实际上等同于(used for saying that although something is not exactly true or accurate, the situation is the same as if it were true or accurate. for all practical purposes; virtually They run a car that to all intents and purposes is a commercial delivery vehicle. for all practical purposes in fact: used for describing the actual effect of a situation. Either method you use will, for all practical purposes, have the same result.) deceased. He intends to act on this by not speaking to you feigning an inability to hear you when you speak and otherwise refusing to acknowledge your existence 当你不存在. That's ridiculous. Why are you cooperating with him 为什么帮他, 为什么和他合作? I don't make the rules, Leonard. 7. She just went through a bad breakup. I thought she might like to meet somebody fun 有趣的人 like you. 8. Typically, one child administers the "shot", using an index finger to trace circles and dots on another child's forearm while reciting the rhyme, "Circle, circle, Dot, dot, – Now you've got the cootie shot!" In some variations, a child then says, "Circle, circle, Square, square, – Now you have it everywhere!" Cooties (lice 别称) is a fictitious childhood disease, used in the United States and Canada as a rejection term and an infection tag game (such as Humans vs. Zombies). It is similar to the British dreaded lurgi, and to terms used in the Nordic countries, in Italy, Australia and New Zealand. A child is said to "catch" cooties through close contact with an "infected" person or from an opposite-sex child of a similar age. You're the doctor, but I'm constantly hearing this annoying sound. Me too. Is it a high-frequency whistle? No, it's more of a relentless, narcissistic drone. Yeah, there's no inflammation 没有炎症, 没有发炎 at all, Sheldon. Then it must be a tumor. I seriously doubt it. Maybe it's a lingering bacterial infection from all those childhood toilet swirlies. Is that possible? I used to get those all the time. Even in church. Well, you know, if it is from a swirly ( swirl [swɜrl] a fast circular movement. swirls of mist. a. a pattern or object formed by something moving in a circle. Pour the soup into bowls and add a swirl of cream.), there's something I can do, okay. Ahem. Circle, circle, dot, dot, now you have a cootie shot. I'm going to bed. It's not enough she mocks me but that isn't even the correct procedure for a cootie shot. Do you understand that Stephanie's not here to treat your imaginary ailments? How is it imaginary that I keep hearing an octave above middle C? 9. Are you sure? That doesn't sound right. Believe me, your feelings are just as important as hers. No, that doesn't sound right either. Tell her you need the relationship to move at a pace you both are comfortable with. Yeah, I could say something like that to her. I'll go do that. You have a really good grasp on this. Maybe you could talk to her? You're kidding, right? No, but that's okay. I'll go talk to her. Wanna come with 想一起吗? Go. Wow. 10. Scented candles, fuzzy slippers 绒毛, 毛毛的 (fluff 网球上的毛). Ooh. Floral bed sheets. We're not living together. Okay, moving on. Uh, who are these guys at Disney World? Uh. The big dog is Goofy. And the older couple with the mouse ears, I have no idea. We're not living together. You're gonna go down swinging, huh(go down swinging/fighting 战斗到最后一刻, 最后一口气, 抗争到最后, 死犟, 犟嘴, 打死不承认, 嘴硬, 死不承认 informal. to continue to fight or to make a strong, determined effort even though you are likely to fail or lose: They beat us in the end, but we went down swinging. )? All right. Well, we got your body lotion, your In Style magazine, your jewelry box. We're not-- Where's my Bat-Signal? You have a Bat-Signal (The Bat-Signal is a distress signal device appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, as a means to summon the superhero, Batman. It is a specially modified searchlight with a stylized emblem of a bat affixed to the light, allowing it to project a large bat symbol onto the skies over Gotham City. )? I did. It was right here. 11. Your argument is lacking in all scientific merit 没有任何科学依据. And it is well-established Superman cleans his uniform by flying into Earth's yellow sun which incinerates any contaminant matter and leaves the invulnerable Kryptonian fabric unharmed and daisy fresh. What if he gets something Kryptonian on it? Like what? I don't know. Kryptonian mustard. krypton [ˈkrɪptɒn] 氪 the chemical element of atomic number 36, a member of the noble gas series. It is obtained by distillation of liquid air, and is used in some kinds of electric light. kryptonite [ˈkrɪptənʌɪt] (in the fictional word of the cartoon, TV, and film character Superman) an alien mineral that has the property of depriving Superman of his powers. "the evil Lex Luthor diminishes Superman's powers with kryptonite". something that can seriously weaken or harm a particular person or thing. "flip-flopping on issues can be kryptonite to presidential candidates". Kryptonians are a fictional extraterrestrial race of humanoids within the DC Comics universe that originated on the planet Krypton. The term originated from the stories of DC Comics superhero, Superman. The stories also use "Kryptonian" as an adjective to refer to anything created by or associated with the planet itself or the cultures that existed on it. 12. You can't have a rational argument with this man 讲不清理, 不讲理, 说不清. big whoop interj. Slang Used ironically to indicate that something is unimportant or unimpressive. Expressing indifference or dismissiveness; so what? no big whoop = no big deal (Something) not inconvenient or difficult at all; not at all troublesome. John: "Thanks so much for watching the kids for me last night. There was an emergency in work." Dave: "No big whoop, man. I'm happy to help out.". Seriously, it's no big whoop if you want me to drive you to the airport tomorrow. 13. Well, if you have any delusions about entering him against the Kripke Crippler in the Southern California Robot Fighting League Round Robin Invitational AKA the SCRFLRRI his name is gonna be Scrap Metal. Come on. Is that really necessary? Leonard, I believe it is. This is trash talk. Trash talk is a traditional component in all sporting events. Kripke your robot is inferior and it will be defeated by ours because ours exceeds yours in both design and execution. Also, I'm given to understand that your mother is overweight. Oh, snap. If that is a result of a glandular condition and not gluttony I withdraw that comment 收回我说的话. What difference does it make? Fat is fat. There are boundaries. Tell you what, forget the SCRFLRRI. There's no guarantee we're gonna go against each other, so let's throw down. You know, unless you're afraid. We accept your challenge. Name a time and place. Tomorrow, 3:00, the kinetics lab. Make it so 就这么定了, 就是那样了. No, don't make it so. Barry, we can't fight you tomorrow. Our engineer is incapacitated. What's wrong with him? He's depressed because he's pathetic and creepy and can't get girls. If you're not there, you'll be exposed to ridicule 嘲讽, 耻笑. 14. Because it's Christmas? Oh, Penny. I know you think you're being generous but the foundation of gift-giving is reciprocity 有来有往的. You haven't given me a gift, you've given me an obligation.

 Todd Woodbridge, Pat Cash defend John Millman over ball-tampering claims: The Aussie journeyman ( I. a worker who has learned a skill and works for a business that belongs to someone else. In former times, a journeyman was a worker who had finished learning a trade and who was employed by someone rather than working on his or her own. a journeyman electrician. II. an experienced worker whose work is good but not excellent. If you refer to someone as a journeyman, you mean that they have the basic skill which their job requires, but are not very talented or original. Douglas was a 29-year-old journeyman fighter, erratic in his previous fights. ) almost caused a repeat 重演 of his 2018 US Open upset 翻盘, 逆转 on when he dispatched Federer in five-sets to progress to the quarterfinals. But on Friday night it wasn't to be as Millman capitulated ( [kəˈpɪtʃəˌleɪt] I. to stop opposing what someone wants and agree to it, usually because they are stronger than you. 让步, 不再反对 The police capitulated and allowed the march to go ahead. capitulate to: We will not capitulate to the demands of terrorists. II. to stop fighting in a war and accept that you are defeated. ) in a super tie-break eventually falling to the Swiss Maestro 4-6 7-6 (7-2) 6-4 4-6 7-6 (10-8). The blockbuster will be heralded as one of the matches of the tournament, attracting international attention that was not just confined 不局限, 不仅仅局限于 to the tennis world. But former player and coach of Sharapova, Sven Groeneveld, took to Twitter during the match to probe at a particular habit of Millman's. Groeneveld was perturbed ( [pərˈtɜrbd] worried or upset by something. William looked a little perturbed at the suggestion. No one seemed unduly perturbed about it.) by the Aussie appearing to rub the ball against his sweaty shirt before serving, a strategy that was historically employed by older generations. The theory goes, according to Groeneveld, moisture helps the ball peel off excess fluff 毛毛, 绒毛 helping to speed up first serves, while also allowing the ball to skid off the court and throw one's opponent off 打乱. "The ball skids through first and throws off the timing of your opponent not only on the one serve but it disturbs the consistency of your timing on other shots." That invited an almighty refute 驳斥 from Australian tennis great Woodbridge who said he was baffled by Groeneveld's suggestions. Every player goes and picks the ball with the least fluff to get it through the air better. Having a wet ball compared to a dry ball isn't significantly slowing the ball down anyway. A new ball that is drier is faster and bouncier and more advantageous off a first serve. Former Aussie Wimbledon champion Cash also rubbished Groeneveld's claims insisting Millman's movements were innocuous. "It's absolute crap," the 1987 Wimbledon champion told the Daily Telegraph. "Rubbing the ball on a sweaty shirt has very little effect on the ball, if any effect all. "It's more to smooth the cover of the ball down. It becomes a habit for some players.