用法学习: 1. A side hustle = (side job) is any type of employment undertaken in addition to one's full-time job. A side hustle is generally freelance or piecework in nature, providing a supplemental income. Side hustles are often things a person is passionate about, rather a typical day job worked in order to make ends meet. patently [ˈpeɪt(ə)ntli] ( patent [ˈpæt(ə)nt] ) clearly; without doubt. in a way that is so obvious that no one could disagree. a patently unfair law. patently clear/false/untrue/obvious/wrong: It was patently obvious that she was lying. The treatment is patently not working. To say that the proposal has no disadvantages at all is patently untrue. It's patently obvious that you're in love with her. "these claims were patently false". Sheldon: Hey, Leonard. Leonard: What? Sheldon: If she doesn't think that we should apply for this patent, she's being patently absurd. be/seem/look nothing like somebody/something 完全不像, 一点都不像 to have no qualities or features that are similar to someone or something else She's nothing like her brother. She looked nothing like her photograph. 2. not for nothing 不是没有原因的, 是有原因的, 是有道理的 If you say that it was not for nothing that something happened, you are emphasizing that there was a very good reason for it to happen. Not for nothing was the plane called 'The widow-maker'. It's not for nothing that interior decorators the world over look to the English country garden for glorious inspiration. be not much to look at informal to not be attractive: The house isn't much to look at but it's spacious. eyesore You describe a building or place as an eyesore when it is extremely ugly and you dislike it or disapprove of it. [disapproval] Poverty leads to slums, which are an eyesore and a health hazard.
Scott Morrison's coronavirus stimulus package shows he has finally learnt to love deficits - Government to do the heavy lifting this time: To get here, the Federal Government has been forced to abandon almost everything it has believed in, or at least espoused ( espouse [ɪˈspaʊz] If you espouse a particular policy, cause, or belief, you become very interested in it and give your support to it. She ran away with him to Mexico and espoused the revolutionary cause.), for the past three decades. It has announced a massive boost to welfare, completely junked 抛弃, 放弃 its mantra that budget surpluses matter beyond all else and jettisoned ( jettison [ˈdʒetɪs(ə)n] 拒绝, 拒掉 I. to get rid of something that is not useful or successful. We may have to jettison some parts of the business. If you jettison something, for example an idea or a plan 放弃, 拒绝, 拒掉, you deliberately reject it or decide not to use it. The Government seems to have jettisoned the plan. II. to throw goods, equipment, or fuel from a ship or airplane in order to make it lighter and less likely to sink or crash. A storm forced them to jettison most of the cargo. To jettison something 丢弃, 丢掉 that is not needed or wanted means to throw it away or get rid of it. The crew jettisoned excess fuel and made an emergency landing. ) the idea that government should shrink to make way for the private sector. A deeply religious man, this is Scott Morrison's very own conversion on the road to Damascus. His task has been made even more difficult on the domestic front 国内方面, 国内的层面上, for he will be travelling alone. Like many other developed nations, Australia for decades has left economic management in the hands of central bankers. And our weakening economy over the past two years has forced the Reserve Bank to exhaust almost all its ammunition 手无寸铁的, 弹尽粮绝, 黔驴技穷, 穷尽所有弹药武器. After last week whittling ( whittle [ˈwɪt(ə)l] 削, 削掉, 刀削 If you whittle something from a piece of wood, you carve it by cutting pieces off the wood with a knife. He whittled a new handle for his ax. Chitty sat in his rocking-chair whittling wood. whittle away 消磨 To whittle away something or whittle away at it means to gradually make it smaller, weaker, or less effective. They have slowly whittled away the opposition. Their approach is to whittle away at the evidence to show reasonable doubt. whittle down 削减, 删减 To whittle down a group or thing means to gradually make it smaller. He had whittled eight interviewees down to two. By September, they will have whittled the list down to a winner. The president has agreed to whittle down his proposal. ) the cash rate down to 0.25 per cent, the RBA announced it was spent. Rates would fall no further. It now has embarked upon what it terms "unconventional policy". It now will create money and inject it into the system. It will buy up Commonwealth Government bonds, essentially IOUs, in a bid to strong arm market interest rates towards zero. It has set up a fund so that commercial banks can access cheap cash and funnel it through to small and medium sized businesses. The heavy lifting though will need to come from government. And the stimulus package announced over the weekend is likely to be just the first step in helping Australia navigate its way through these difficult times. The global response has been much the same. Years of government austerity have left central banks all but impotent 无能为力的 and now governments finally have been forced into action. After the UK's unprecedented move to stump up for ( stump up money for出钱, 出资, 为...埋单 [British, informal] to give money, often without wanting to give it. If you stump up a sum of money, you pay it, often unwillingly. Customers do not have to stump up any cash for at least four weeks. to pay (an amount of money) especially when one does not want to. He may be required to stump up for the repairs. If she can't pay, I'll have to stump up the money. It can be cheaper to stump up 出钱 for a new washing machine than to get your old one repaired. Chissano said Western governments should stump up the cash to fund land redistribution. ) workers' wages on the weekend, the G4 nations (America, Eurozone, the UK and Japan) and China have announced stimulus spending to just shy of $US2 trillion. Crisis, by their very nature, need to be dealt with quickly and decisively 果断, 坚决. The success of both health responses and economic stimulus will get down to implementation. That's the difficult part. Like many Western nations, we've been slow off the mark( be quick/slow off the mark 起步晚, 起步慢, 慢了一步, 起跑慢, 反应快 to be quick/slow to act or react to an event or a situation: The police were certainly quick off the mark in reaching the scene of the accident. ). That's despite watching China's travails ( US: [trəˈveɪl] UK: [ˈtræˌveɪl] a very difficult situation, or a situation in which you must work very hard. You can refer to unpleasant hard work or difficult problems as travail. He did whatever he could to ease their travail. The team, despite their recent travails 难关, 困难重重, are still in the game. ) and the extraordinary efforts it launched to contain the virus. The Morrison Government's economic survival plan revolves around keeping people employed, supporting small and medium-sized businesses to retain staff and to inject money through the social welfare network to ensure those who are laid off can continue paying the bills. It's not a bad start. But it needs to recognise that mistakes will be made and money wasted along the way and that it cannot afford to be bogged down 深陷, 陷入 in bureaucracy or second guessing 犹豫不决 how it will be judged by history. That's despite its own sorry record of blaming the Rudd government for overspending during the global financial crisis. One major hurdle that it will need to overcome, and quickly, is its approach and attitude to social welfare. The system, as it currently stands, is designed to make life difficult for anyone applying for unemployment benefits. Getting access to the dole involves more hoops than an NBA season. Former treasurer Joe Hockey once referred to welfare recipients as "leaners" rather than "lifters" ( Now that the dust has settled on the chook fight 窝里斗, 斗鸡 ( Catfight (also girl fight) 宫斗, 女人斗 is a term for an altercation between two females, often characterized as involving scratching, slapping, punching, hair-pulling, and shirt-shredding. It can also be used to describe women insulting each other verbally or engaged in an intense competition for men, power, or occupational success. The catfight has been a staple of American news media and popular culture since the 1940s, and use of the term is often considered derogatory or belittling. Some observers argue that in its purest form, the word refers to two women, one blonde and the other a brunette, fighting each other. However, the term is not exclusively used to indicate a fight between women, and many formal definitions do not invoke gender. Catfights are often described as titillating [ˈtɪtɪlˌeɪt] 火辣辣的, 惹火的, 让人血脉喷张的 for heterosexual men. Portrayals of catfights in cartoons, movies and advertising often display participants as attractive, with "supermodel physiques," dishevelled and missing articles of clothing, and catfights are often described by media aimed primarily at men as sexy. ) that culminated in the change of our nation's prime minister, I feel the time has come to dust the feathers off our clothes 掸掸身上的, 掸掉身上鸡毛, look back and reflect on the legacy of those men and women who, politically speaking, didn't make it out alive. Today I'd like to concentrate on Joe Hockey. During his time as treasurer he offered some sage philosophical wisdom that is pertinent to Benign to Five ( [ˈpɜrt(ə)nənt] relevant to something. He was determined to ask Mrs. McMahon a few pertinent questions. pertinent to 与...相关的: information pertinent to the airplane crash. ). He told us that there are two types of people in the world: "leaners" and "lifters". He never gave in-depth definitions, making it hard to know which category anyone fell into, so today, I'm going to help. Here's my guide to working out whether you're a leaner or a lifter. At work, do you: Constantly, and within earshot of managers, talk about how hard you work and mention that you're a lifter? You're a lifter. Find the performance, development and rewards program (or whatever it's called in your case) perplexing and a waste of time? You're a leaner. Clap yourself often and yell things like "I'm going to shout a self-affirmation [æfɜrˈmeɪʃ(ə)n] in the mirror now. Who wants to join me?" Lifter. Big time. Decline the invitation of those who ask you to shout affirmations in the mirror? Leaner. Lift poor performing colleagues above your head so as to help them see what the world looks like from your position of moral superiority? You're a lifter. Obviously. Lean against high performing colleagues, sometimes using your close proximity to them to steal money from their wallets? You're literally and figuratively a leaner. Self-affirmation the act of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual for beneficial effect (such as increasing one's confidence or raising self-esteem). Patients were also asked to use self-affirmation to help them overcome obstacles to getting better by recalling moments in their lives they were proud of, such as a graduation. Self-affirmation [æfɜrˈmeɪʃ(ə)n] 自我认可, 自我肯定 is about increasing the positivity of the self, especially after a threat to self-esteem, while self-compassion is about accepting the self as it is. Affirming an important value is the most common method of self-affirmation, which is activated when the self-concept (自我认知) is under threat. wiki: One's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs about oneself. Generally, self-concept embodies the answer to "Who am I?". One's self-concept is made up of self-schemas, and their past, present, and future selves. Self-concept is distinguishable from self-awareness, which refers to the extent to which self-knowledge is defined, consistent, and currently applicable to one's attitudes and dispositions. Self-concept also differs from self-esteem: self-concept is a cognitive or descriptive component of one's self (e.g. "I am a fast runner"), while self-esteem is evaluative and opinionated (e.g. "I feel good about being a fast runner"). Self-concept is made up of one's self-schemas, and interacts with self-esteem, self-knowledge, and the social self to form the self as a whole. It includes the past, present, and future selves, where future selves (or possible selves) represent individuals' ideas of what they might become, what they would like to become, or what they are afraid of becoming. Possible selves may function as incentives for certain behaviour. The perception people have about their past or future selves relates to their perception of their current selves. The temporal self-appraisal theory[6] argues that people have a tendency to maintain a positive self-evaluation by distancing themselves from their negative self and paying more attention to their positive one. In addition, people have a tendency to perceive the past self less favourably (e.g. "I'm better than I used to be") and the future self more positively (e.g. "I will be better than I am now"). ). It is an attitude that still resonates 引起共鸣 within the Government. Until now, it has steadfastly 坚决的 refused, despite intense lobbying from groups such as the Business Council, to lift Newstart benefits, sending a clear message to the unemployed that it believes they are to blame for their situation. Centrelink will need clear instructions that it needs to remove the minefield of obstacles it routinely places in the path of anyone applying for benefits. It needs to rapidly evolve into a first responder. This is an imperative 必要的, 必须的 and ultimately will determine our success in navigating the storms ahead. That is likely to come to an abrupt end. The rout currently underway on global share markets will severely impact big corporations' ability to raise capital as revenues plummet. Costs will be slashed. And that almost inevitably means mass layoffs across the globe. Just last week, Qantas was forced to stand down 20,000 workers, many of whom are on casual contracts with little or no safety net. Despite that, the company still is likely to burn through its available funds just to meet its working capital requirements, forcing it go cap in hand 要钱, 讨钱, 沿街乞讨, 举帽子乞讨 ( to ask someone to give you something, especially money, in a way that makes you feel ashamed. If you go cap in hand to someone, you ask them very humbly to give you something or to do something for you. The country might eventually be forced to go cap in hand to the International Monetary Fund.) to shareholders for more cash. Virgin Australia is in deeper trouble. It is burning cash 烧钱 at a rate that's twice its available liquidity this half. Either its government-controlled owners — Etihad, Singapore Air, China's Nanshan and HNA — and the privately owned Virgin group tip in funds to keep it afloat or it will fail. That's a potential disaster for the economy. As our third biggest export earner, tourism is a vital industry and air services essential. It is now clear that pressure will build upon the Government for bailouts of public companies. A large number of foreign multinationals, which have borrowed to the hilt ( (up) to the hilt 到极致, 到最高峰, 最大可能的 as much as possible or to the highest level possible. Mike's colleagues were prepared to defend him to the hilt. The estate was mortgaged up to the hilt. Something that is done (up) to the hilt is done completely and without any limits: The government is already borrowing up to the hilt. ) in recent years, are also likely to hit trouble as revenues crater( [ˈkreɪtər] I. 火山口. the round hole at the top of a volcano. II. a large round hole in the ground caused by an explosion. a bomb crater. a. a large round hole on the surface of a planet caused by a meteorite hitting the surface. verb. to suddenly become much lower. Their share price cratered following the announcement. ), forcing them either to abandon Australia or severely curtail their activities. The problem is, once the Government throws a lifeline to one company or an industry, others will clamour 争先恐后, 争抢着 ( noun. I. 争抢, 抢购 an urgent request for something by a lot of people clamour for: There is a growing clamour for a ban on genetically modified foods. II. 喧嚣. 喧闹. a very loud noise made by a lot of people or things, for example when a lot of people are shouting. I couldn't hear anything above the clamour of the crowd. verb. [ˈklæmə(r)] I. to say that you want something and must have it. clamour for: children clamouring for attention. II. formal to make noise by shouting or talking loudly. ) for help, placing even more strain on our public finances. If that happens, the Prime Minister and Treasurer Josh Frydenberg should look to the UK and what it did through the GFC with its beleaguered banks. The banks were bailed out. But the government ended up owning them or, at least, large slices of them. Shareholders and creditors lost out but the banking system remained intact and the government sold out as the situation improved recouping its cash. It used to be called nationalisation 国有化; a term once considered abhorrent for any Liberal leader. But these aren't normal times.
Alcohol Pre-Loading Pre-Drinking, Pre-Gaming, Pre-Funking, Home Drinking, Prinking, predrinking, Pregaming, or Prefunking 预热, 预饮: pre-gaming/pre-game n.
To drink before going to a party. This most often happens because they
party where you are going to will be carding and you are under or
because you want to drink something hard to start your night off. Often
pregaming happens at the house and involves taking shots. v. The act of
partaking in a pregame. We really need to pregame tonight before we go out. I really pregamed heavily last night. I feel really sick now. n. A social gathering of several friends who get together to drink before going out to a party or a sports game. The goal of pre-gaming is to "get a buzz" before going out for the night. v. (slang) To consume alcohol prior to an event. Talk to me. That way 那样的话, 这样的话, 如果你听我的 I can help you. Okay. Bonnie can never know. I was just pre-gaming, you know, putting on the war paint, getting turnt up 兴奋起来 before the bonfire. That's when I realized the trophy was gone. this way/ that way I. You can use that way and this way to refer to a statement or comment that you have just made. Some of us have habits few people know about and we keep it this way. We have a beautiful city and we pray it stays that way. I've never found it hard to make friends so I suppose I was lucky that way. II. You can use that way or this way to refer to an action or situation that you have just mentioned, when you go on to mention the likely consequence or effect of it. Keep the soil moist. That way, the seedling will flourish. I am left holding the baby; but at least this way I know that she's being well looked after. preload I. load beforehand. "the camera comes preloaded with a 24-exposure film". II. BRITISH informal 事先喝了酒. 事先喝酒. drink alcohol, especially in large quantities, before going out socially. "drinking is expensive at festivals so they preload". within reason 不出格的, 合情合理的, 在合理范围内
If you say that you will do anything within reason, you mean that you
will do anything that is fair or reasonable and not too extreme. I will take any job that comes along, within reason. It means working, within reason, for whatever time is necessary. in moderation within reasonable limits; not to excess. "nuts can be eaten in moderation". if you do something in moderation, such as drinking alcohol or eating certain foods, you do not do it too much. If you say that someone does something such as eat, drink, or smoke in moderation, you mean that they do not eat, smoke, or drink too much or more than is reasonable. Many adults are able to drink in moderation, but others become dependent on alcohol. Fats and oils can be used in moderation. Some people think drinking in moderation can prevent heart disease. to excess [ɪkˈses] [disapproval] If you do something to excess, you do it too much. if you do something to excess, you do it so much that it harms you or causes problems. Charlie drank sometimes to excess. I was reasonably fit, played a lot of tennis, and didn't smoke or drink to excess. Red meat, eaten to excess, is very high in fat and calories. 研究文章: Alcohol pre-loading is drinking at a private residence before going out at night. The destination is a place to socialize, party, or attend a sports event (hence the term pre-gaming). Or it could be to go to any place where access to alcohol might be expensive, limited or prohibited. Reasons for Pre-Drinking: The motives for the popular practice are many. They can include entering an event already buzzed or saving money by drinking less expensive alcohol at home before leaving. It can be to ensure that the drinker's supply of alcohol won't be gone before the night is over. Often it's to reduce anxiety before beginning the evening's entertainment. Some pre-load to socialize more easily without the loud noise in bars. And, of course, many pre-load simply to conform 入乡随俗. Preloading usually occurs before a night out. However, it often occurs before other activities at which getting alcohol might be a problem. Research on Alcohol Pre-Loading: Researchers studied 18 to 24 year-olds in the Australian state of Victoria. They found that three-quarters reported pre-loading alcohol before going out at night to bars and pubs. Drinking Too Much Alcohol as a Self-Handicapping Strategy. When pre-loading results from high alcohol prices, the effects on retail vendors are negative. That is, they sell less alcohol. It also increases their risk of liability as a result of serving intoxicated persons. Pre-drinking, by whatever name, may be an undesirable high-risk practice.
Big Bang Theory: 1. Raj: All right. I've made up my mind. I'm gonna do the right thing, call this girl, and let her know that I'm in a relationship. Howard: Okay, so far we've heard, made up my mind I'm dumping Emily. Bernadette: Made up my mind to date both of them by pretending to be twin brothers. Howard: And made up my mind, I'll ask for a threesome and if they say no, play it off as a joke ( play if off 搪塞过去, 应付过去, 对付过去, 糊弄过去, 用...搪塞, 装作是, 故意假装, 用...来掩饰 I. pretend something bad was intentional or on purpose. He fell but played it off as though it was a dance move. After tripping, Sara tried to play her embarrassment off by laughing with everyone else. Although he's obviously hung over, he's trying to play it off as food poisoning. II. do something difficult or strange, and make it look easy or on purpose. I don't speak Spanish, but I think I played it off well last night. I was embarrassed but I played it off as though I don't care! play off 对打, 对阵 if two or more teams or players who have the same number of points in a competition play off, they play a game or games to see who is the winner. The 16 finalists will play off to see who will win the championship. play sb/sth off against sb/sth I. 互相争斗. 互相对打. 互相竞争. to encourage one person or group to compete or argue with another, hoping to gain some advantage from this situation. Management policy seemed to be to play one department off against another. II. To set something in opposition to, or working in a different direction than, something else in order to gain an advantage: The queen played the nobles off against each other, telling each of them that the others were plotting against him. play both ends against the middle 两头骗, 两面三刀 To manipulate two opposing sides of an argument, conflict, competition, etc., against one another for one's own benefit or advantage. My father and my uncle are engaged in a bitter business rivalry. If I can play both ends against the middle, I might be able to secure some sizeable investments for my own company. Janet really dislikes Mary and wants to date her boyfriend Mike, so she's been playing both ends against the middle in order to get them to break up.). Raj: I'm calling her. And the threesome didn't deserve the belly laugh 笑掉肚皮, 笑瘫了( a loud unrestrained laugh. "her mutter of amusement blossomed into an enormous belly laugh" ) it got. Bernadette: You're right. It could totally happen. 2. Amy: When did you get an engagement ring? Sheldon: My mother gave it to me, and I had been thinking about giving it to you, but then we broke up. Meemaw: Well, thank goodness for that. Amy: Sheldon, will you please tell your grandmother to stay out of this? Sheldon: Oh, I don't think I could do that. Meemaw: Sheldon, tell this girl that my ring will never be on her finger. Sheldon: I'm gonna opt out of that one 选择退出, too. Amy: Who said I even want to be engaged to him? And if I do, I, I don't need your hand-me-downs( hand-me-down 二手货 a garment or other item that has been passed on from another person. clothes that have been worn by someone and then given to someone else in the same family. "they received hand-me-downs and toys from relatives and friends". I. Hand-me-downs are things, especially clothes, which have been used by someone else before you and which have been given to you for your use. Edward wore Andrew's hand-me-downs. II. Hand-me-down is used to describe things, especially clothes, which have been used by someone else before you and which have been given to you for your use. Most of the boys wore hand-me-down military shirts from their fathers. ...hand-me-down tennis rackets. heirloom a valuable or special possession that has belonged to a family for many years. ). Sheldon: All right, all right, look, let's all, let's remain calm and analyse this situation. Now, I realize that you've only known each other for less than a day, but is it possible this crankiness is because your cycles have synced? 3. Attorney: Well, the legal team needs to review existing patents to avoid overlap 专利冲突. Howard: Oh, I don't think there will be. Leonard: Yeah, we did our own search. Attorney: That's nice, but I think ours might be a bit more thorough. Sheldon: Get a load of this guy. Howard: Can you imagine if we make money with this? Leonard: If we do, I am splurging on the best sinus irrigator money can buy. Howard: That old sad story, guy gets a little money, goes straight up his nose. Attorney: Just need you to review and sign this document acknowledging that you understand the university will own 75% of the patent. Howard: Seventy-five percent? Sheldon: That's outrageous. This is our idea based on our research. How can you possibly justify owning a majority share? Attorney: It's university policy. Sheldon: I know when I'm beat 知道已成定局, 知道自己输了( be beat (beaten 一样的) I. To fail or be defeated. Down by 10 points with only two minutes left, we knew we were beat. II. To be thoroughly fatigued or physically exhausted. After two hours in the gym and another hour swimming, I was beat by the time I got home.). Leonard: Hold on, hold on. So the three of us do all the work and only end up with 25%? Attorney: Dr. Hofstadter, this university has been paying your salaries for over ten years. Did you think we do that out of the goodness of 大发善心, 出于善心 our hearts? Leonard: Well, until you just said that mean thing, kinda. Attorney: And as far as Mr. Wolowitz is concerned, I'm afraid as a federal employee on loan from 借调 NASA ( on loan (from somebody/something) if something or someone is on loan, they have been borrowed. The book I wanted was out on loan. paintings on loan from the Louvre. Cantona initially went on loan 球员租借 to Leeds United. So, we all know that Pete's been on loan to my unit 借调 for the last month. And I got to say it crossed my mind more than a few times to kick his ass out. 英国的借调: been temporarily seconded to 暂时借调到 Homicide. DS Flynn's secondment [ UK: sɪˈkɒndmənt, US səˈkɑːnd.mənt] is an important line of inquiry for us (second verb. I.
[ˈsekənd]附议. to make a formal statement of support for a suggestion made by
someone else during a meeting so that there can be a discussion or vote. to officially support a proposal made by another person in a meeting. The motion has been seconded. The motion was proposed by the club's
chairwoman and seconded by the secretary. "I could use a drink." "I'll
second that (= I agree with you)!" There was no seconder for (= person who was willing to support) the motion so it could not be debated. II. [sɪˈkɒnd] UK
临时调遣. 借调 (cross-designate). to second sb from one unit to another unit = on load from one unit to another unit. to send an employee to work somewhere else
temporarily, either to increase the number of workers or to replace
other workers, or to exchange experience or skills: During
the dispute, many police officers were seconded from traffic duty to
the prison service. At the beginning of series 2, he is promoted to
detective inspector and transferred to AC-9. He is seconded to AC-12 by
Hastings. Cottan is revealed to be "The Caddy", working as a fixer for
the organised crime group throughout the three series. He is killed at
the close of the third series having escaped from AC-12 custody. secondment
a period of time when an employee is sent to work somewhere else, to
increase the number of workers , to replace other workers, or to
exchange experience or skills: His involvement with the project began when he was on (a) secondment from NASA to the European Space Agency. A
member of the company's eastern Europe group, who has been on
secondment in Berlin, Bratislava and Budapest, gave an informed overview
of publishing in the region. You may find you have to work away from
home on secondment. The former Swinburne University researcher, who works at data analytics company Quantium and is currently on secondment 外派 at the National Australia Bank, dressed casually in a brown leather jacket and blue jeans. noun. I. You say second when you want to make a second point or give a second reason for something. The soil is depleted first by crops grown in it and second 其次 by bacterial action. II. In Britain, an upper second is a good honours degree and a lower second is an average honours degree. I then went up to Lancaster University and got an upper second. III. If you have seconds, you have a second helping of food. There's seconds if you want them. IV. Seconds are goods that are sold cheaply in shops because they have slight faults. It's a new shop selling discounted lines and seconds. V. The seconds of someone who is taking part in a boxing match or chess tournament are the people who assist and encourage them. He shouted to his seconds, 'I did it! I did it!' designate [ˈdezɪɡˌneɪt] I. 指派, 委任, 选派. to formally choose someone or something for a particular purpose. Nobody has yet been designated as the leader. social workers designated to work with difficult children. II. formal to give someone or something a particular name, title, or description. The park was designated as a National Monument in 1975. III. to represent something in a particular way, for example with a sign or symbol. Road hazards are designated 表示 by yellow diamond-shaped signs. designate [ˈdezɪɡˌneɪt] adj chosen for a particular job but not yet officially doing that job. the ambassador designate. )), your name can be on the patent, but you're not entitled to an ownership share. Howard: Wait, so this can turn out to be a financial success, and I get nothing? Attorney: Well, sometimes they give you a plaque. 4. Sheldon: Meemaw, look, I'm sorry, but I have to defend my girlfriend to you. Amy: Oh, Sheldon, thank you. Sheldon: Oh, great, now you're gonna get emotional. I always looked up to you and Pop-Pop. I, I know what a challenging man he could be, but I saw you stand by him and-and make him into a better person. Meemaw: I did. Sheldon: Yeah, well, that is exactly what I've been doing the last five years with this little work in progress. Leonard: He never disappoints, does he? Amy: I think what Sheldon means to say is we've both grown together. Isn't that right? 5. Howard: All right, let's sign this. Penny: Wait, wait, wait. What are these changes on page six? Amy: Sheldon, what did you do? Howard: I should've known. Bernadette: 25% of profits due to Sheldon Cooper will be allocated to a scholarship fund for the firstborn child of Howard and Bernadette Wolowitz. Sheldon, that's so nice. Leonard: That beats the onesie I was gonna get them from baby Gap. Howard: That's very generous, Sheldon. Sheldon: Oh, I've always valued education over money. And the very fact that you needed a written guarantee of respect made me realize how dismissive 不屑 I've been of your contributions. Howard: I appreciate that. Sheldon: And I just hope that this scholarship can rescue your child from the subpar education and menial life( menial [ˈminiəl] 繁琐的, 平凡的, 无聊的 (tedious [ˈtidiəs]) menial work is boring or dirty and is considered to be of low status. a menial job in the kitchens. Menial work is very boring, and the people who do it have a low status and are usually badly paid. ...low paid menial jobs, such as cleaning and domestic work. ) of an engineer. Amy: Sheldon. Sheldon: What? I didn't sign it yet.
Monday, 23 March 2020
Friday, 20 March 2020
equinox, solstice;
用法学习: 1. equinox [ˈikwɪˌnɑks] (春分, 秋分) one of the two days in the year when the day and night are exactly the same length. An equinox is commonly regarded as the instant of time when the plane (extended indefinitely in all directions) of Earth's equator passes through the center of the Sun. This occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September. In other words, it is the moment at which the center of the visible Sun is directly above the equator. The summer solstice ( [ˈsɑlstɪs] ) 夏至 (or estival solstice), also known as midsummer, occurs when one of the Earth's poles has its maximum tilt toward the Sun. It happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere (Northern and Southern). For that hemisphere, the summer solstice is when the Sun reaches its highest position in the sky and is the day with the longest period of daylight. 2. neophyte [ˈniːə(ʊ)fʌɪt] 新兵, 新手, 新人 = newbie I. a person who is new to a subject or activity. someone who has recently become involved in an activity and is still learning about it. "four-day cooking classes are offered to neophytes and experts". II. a new convert to a religion. novice [ˈnɒv.ɪs] I. a person who is not experienced in a job or situation: I've never driven a car before - I'm a complete novice. II. This plant can be difficult for novice gardeners to grow. a person who is training to be a monk or a nun. rookie a person who is new to an organization or an activity: These rookie cops don't know anything yet. 3. stick in your throat I. 无法接受. a fact or situation that sticks in your throat is very annoying and difficult to accept The thing that sticks in my throat is the way they told us the news! be difficult or impossible to accept. "the thing that sticks in your throat is that we were successful and you weren't". II. if words stick in your throat 无法言说, 说不出来的事情, 无法吐露的感情, you cannot say them because of the strong emotion that you are feeling. be difficult or impossible to say. "she couldn't say 'Thank you' —the words stuck in her throat". bone in the throat A source of continuing annoyance; a hindrance. "thorn in the flesh 如肉刺一般" continues to be used as a metaphor for "a source of continual annoyance or trouble". It is synonymous with the phrase "thorn in the side", which is also of biblical origin, based on the description in Numbers 33:55. As an example usage, the Oxford English Dictionary cites E. M. Forster's 1924 novel A Passage to India, in which Nawab Bahadur says, "I can be a thorn in Mr. Turton's flesh, and if he asks me I accept the invitation." Thorn in the flesh is a phrase of New Testament origin used to describe an annoyance, or trouble in one's life, drawn from Paul the Apostle's use of the phrase in his Second Epistle to the Corinthians 12:7–9: And lest I should be exalted above measure through the abundance of the revelations, there was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me, lest I should be exalted above measure. 8 For this thing I besought the Lord thrice, that it might depart from me. 9 And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness. Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me. (KJV). Other biblical passages where "thorn" is used as a metaphor are: Know for a certainty that the LORD your God will no more drive out [any of] these nations from before you; but they shall be snares and traps unto you, and scourges in your sides, and thorns in your eyes, until ye perish from off this good land which the LORD your God hath given you. — Joshua 23:13. And there shall be no more a pricking briar unto the house of Israel, nor [any] grieving thorn of all [that are] round about them, that despised them; and they shall know that I [am] the Lord GOD. — Ezekiel 28:24. The standard English translation was popularised by the 1611 King James Version of the Bible. Among earlier translations, the 1526 Tyndale Bible uses "vnquyetnes" ("unquietness") rather than "thorn", and the 1557 Geneva Bible refers to a "pricke in the fleshe". 4. thorny [ˈθɔrni] I. a thorny issue, problem, subject, etc. is one that is difficult to deal with. the thorny issue of land ownership. Now we come to the thorny question of cost. If you describe a problem as thorny, you mean that it is very complicated and difficult to solve, and that people are often unwilling to discuss it. ...the thorny issue of immigration policy. It is essential that we tackle this thorny problem. II. covered with thorns. A thorny plant or tree is covered with thorns. ...thorny hawthorn trees. 疫情期间打发时间打电话: "No actually, I'm still cleaning out my closet, so that's still happening," Jen replied, asking Ellen: "How's your puzzle coming along?", referencing Ellen's earlier Instagram post about her working on a 4,000-piece puzzle. The table wasn't big enough. I had to get rid of it. I mean I really had good intentions, but the table was too small, so I had to get rid of it," Ellen said.
defamation ( defame [dɪˈfeɪm] to say or write something bad about someone that is not true and makes other people have a bad opinion of them. ) VS libel ( libel [ˈlaɪb(ə)l] 书面诽谤 to write things about someone that are not true. ) VS slander ( slander 口头诽谤 [ˈslændər] to say something about someone that is not true and is likely to damage their reputation. ): What is defamation? Defamation is a false statement presented as a fact that causes injury or damage to the character of the person it is about. An example is "Tom Smith stole money from his employer." If this is untrue and if making the statement damages Tom's reputation or ability to work, it is defamation. The person whose reputation has been damaged by the false statement can bring a defamation lawsuit. Defamation of character happens when something untrue and damaging is presented as a fact to someone else. Making the statement only to the person the statement is about ("Tom, you're a thief") is not defamation because it does not damage that person's character in anyone else's eyes. Legal Difference Between Opinion and Defamation: There is an important difference in defamation law between stating an opinion 发表看法 and defaming someone. Saying, "I think Cindy is annoying" is an opinion and is something that can't ever really be empirically ( empirical [emˈpɪrɪk(ə)l] based on real experience or scientific experiments rather than on theory. ) proven true or false. Saying "I think Cindy stole a car" is still an opinion but implies she committed a crime. If the accusation is untrue, then it will defame her. This is why the news media is so careful to use the word "allegedly" when talking about people accused of a crime. This way they merely report someone else's accusation without stating their own opinion. Importance of Intent: Another crucial part of a defamation case is that the person makes the false statement with a certain kind of intent. The statement must have been made with knowledge that it was untrue or with reckless disregard for the truth (meaning the person who said it questioned the truthfulness but said it anyhow). If the person being defamed is a private citizen and not a celebrity or public figure, defamation can also be proven when the statement was made with negligence as to determining its truth (the person speaking should have known it was false or should have questioned it). This means it is easier to prove defamation when you are a private citizen. There is a higher standard required if you are a public figure. Some states have laws that automatically make certain statements defamation. Any false statement that a person has committed a serious crime, has a serious infectious disease, or is incompetent in his profession are automatically defamatory under these laws. Slander and Libel Definition: What is Slander? What is Libel? Libel and slander are both types of defamation. Libel is an untrue defamatory statement that is made in writing. Slander is an untrue defamatory statement that is spoken orally. The difference between defamation and slander is that a defamatory statement can be made in any medium. It could be in a blog comment or spoken in a speech or said on television. Libelous acts only occur when a statement is made in writing (digital statements count as writing) and slanderous statements are only made orally. You may have heard of seditious libel. The Sedition Act of 1798 made it a crime to print anything false about the government, president, or Congress. The Supreme Court later modified this when it enacted the rule that a statement against a public figure is libel only if it known to be false or the speaker had a reckless disregard for the truth when making it. Damages for Defamation: Suing for slander, libel, or defamation brings a civil suit 民事诉讼 in a state court and alleges that under the slander laws or libel laws of that state the person who brought about the lawsuit was damaged by the conduct of the person who made the false statement. A libel or slander lawsuit seeks monetary damages for harm caused by the statement, such as pain and suffering, damage to the plaintiff's reputation, lost wages or a loss of ability to earn a living, and personal emotional reactions such as shame, humiliation, and anxiety. Defending a Defamation Case: If you are accused of defamation, slander, or libel, truth is an absolute defense to the allegation. If what you said is true, there is no case. If the case is brought by a public figure and you can prove you were only negligent in weighing whether the statement was false, that can be a defense as well. Defamation is an area of law that protects people's reputations by allowing them recourse if false statements are made about them. This type of civil case is an effective way to protect your reputation.
The Capture: 1. Meanwhile, DI Rachel Carey has been temporarily seconded to 暂时借调到 Homicide and Serious Crime Command from SO15, having recently led Operation Sycamore that secured the convictions of four ISIS terrorists. Rachel's team is called to the scene of the kidnapping, and Carey calls in her contacts to identify Emery with facial recognition. Carey orders Flynn and Latif to intercept 拦截, 截住, but they are parked ( parked adj If you are parked somewhere, you have parked your car there. My sister was parked down the road. We're parked out front. park I. to leave something in a place for a period of time. park in/on/here etc.: Can I park my bags here while I get something to eat? II. to stop pursuing or dealing with something temporarily. park yourself to sit or stand somewhere He parked himself on the floor in front of the TV. double-park If someone double-parks their car or their car double-parks, they park in a road by the side of another parked car. Murray double-parked his car. The car pulled in and double-parked in front of the town hall.) outside the same address and see nothing. Emery is locked in an interrogation room, and American intelligence officers report that "the toy soldier is contained". 2. An air gap, air wall or air gapping 物理隔离的 is a network security measure employed on one or more computers to ensure that a secure computer network is physically isolated from unsecured networks, such as the public Internet or an unsecured local area network. It means a computer or network has no network interfaces connected to other networks, with a physical or conceptual air gap, analogous to 类似于 the air gap used in plumbing to maintain water quality. An "air-gapped" computer or network is one that has no network interfaces, either wired or wireless, connected to outside networks. Many computers, even when they are not plugged into a wired network, have a wireless network interface controller (WiFi) and are connected to nearby wireless networks to access the Internet and update software. This represents a security vulnerability, so air-gapped computers either have their wireless interface controller permanently disabled or physically removed. To move data between the outside world and the air-gapped system, it is necessary to write data to a physical medium such as a thumbdrive, and physically move it between computers. Physical access is easier to control than an electronic network interface, which can be attacked at any time from the exterior insecure system and, if malware infects the secure system, can be used to export secure data. 3. Deepfakes (a portmanteau of "deep learning 深度学习" and "fake") are synthetic media in which a person in an existing image or video is replaced with someone else's likeness. While the act of faking content is a not new, deepfakes leverage powerful techniques from machine learning 机器学习 and artificial intelligence to manipulate or generate visual and audio content with a high potential to deceive. The main machine learning methods used to create deepfakes are based on deep learning and involve training generative neural network architectures, such as autoencoders or generative adversarial networks (GANs). Deepfakes have garnered widespread attention for their uses in celebrity pornographic videos, revenge porn, fake news, hoaxes, and financial fraud. This has elicited responses from both industry and government to detect and limit their use.
Big Bang Theory: 1. Penny: Okay, here we go. Now everyone can see. All right. Where do we stand on cross-eyed 对眼的 Mike? Raj: You know he won't be looking at other girls. Howard: Unless they're sitting on the end of his nose. Penny: Okay, okay, okay. Thumbs down. Next. Bernadette: Ew, check out his tiny teeth. He looks like a man-dolphin. Penny: Well if he's good in bed, she can throw him a fish. 2. Leonard: Look, you can trust us. We're respected scientists. Sheldon: Well, he is. I'm a wedding planner who can't find love himself. It's ironic, but the point is we can't trust you. You're a sketchy character 可疑人物 in a parking garage. Man: Yeah, well, from my perspective, that's how you two appear to me. Sheldon: Well, I never thought of it like that. Boy, frame of reference 参考系, 参考坐标系, 参照物 ( A frame of reference is a particular set of beliefs or ideas on which you base your judgment of things. We know we're dealing with someone with a different frame of reference. In physics, a frame of reference (or reference frame) consists of an abstract coordinate system and the set of physical reference points that uniquely fix (locate and orient) the coordinate system and standardize measurements within that frame. In Einsteinian relativity, reference frames are used to specify the relationship between a moving observer and the phenomenon or phenomena under observation. In this context, the phrase often becomes "observational frame of reference" (or "observational reference frame") 观察坐标系, which implies that the observer is at rest in the frame, although not necessarily located at its origin. A relativistic reference frame includes (or implies) the coordinate time, which does not correspond across different frames moving relatively to each other. The situation thus differs from Galilean relativity, where all possible coordinate times are essentially equivalent. benchmark 参照, 标杆 an amount, level, standard, etc. that you can use for judging how good or bad other things are. A benchmark is something whose quality or quantity is known and which can therefore be used as a standard with which other things can be compared. The truck industry is a benchmark for the economy. benchmark for: plans to set a new benchmark for salaries. verb. to provide a standard that something can be judged by. ) will just sneak up on you( to approach someone quietly and surprise that person: Overton sneaked up behind Brown and knocked the ball out of bounds. If an event or day sneaks up on you 悄然而至, it arrives before you are ready for it. a. If someone sneaks up on you, they try and approach you without being seen or heard, perhaps to surprise you or do you harm. I managed to sneak up on him when you knocked on the door. II. If something sneaks up on you, it happens or occurs when you are not expecting it. Sometimes our expectations sneak up on us unawares.), won't it? Leonard: My friend does make a decent point about the money. I don't feel comfortable just handing it over up front 提前, 事先. Man: Ah, no money, no helium. Seems we're at a, uh, stalemate. Sheldon: Not technically. In chess, a stalemate refers to a situation in which there are no remaining moves. Uh, you have plenty of moves available. You could beat us up and steal the money. You could kill us, you know. Really, you're only limited by your imagination. Man: Huh. All these years I've been using stalemate, when I really mean impasse ( [ˈɪmˌpæs] ). I feel foolish 觉得自己好蠢, 感觉自己好傻, 感觉自己好笨. Leonard: I don't think it matters if this is a stalemate or an impasse or a Mexican standoff. What are we gonna do here? Man: Oh, whoa, whoa, how can it be a Mexican standoff? Everybody knows you need three sides for that. Sheldon: Not necessarily. Uh, many argue the essence of a Mexican standoff is that no one can walk away from the conflict without incurring harm 导致伤害. Man: Hmm, I don't follow. Sheldon: Let me give you an example. Earlier today, I decoded the headers on your e-mail, and I know that your name is Kenneth Fitzgerald. From that, I figured out where you live and where you work. Now, to make this a Mexican standoff, I would say something like, uh, you give us the helium or I'll turn you in to the authorities 主管. Man: Is that a threat? 3. Sheldon: Leonard, we should probably have our story straight in case we get caught. Leonard: We're not getting caught. Sheldon: Well, you can't be sure of that. What if the helium dealer rats us out? What if Kripke asks where we got it? What if the university checks my family tree and finds out I don't have an Uncle Harvey? Leonard: The dealer doesn't care, Kripke has no authority over 没有权利, 没有资格 us, and you being related to a metal container would explain a lot. Help me hook this up. 4. Bernadette: Hey. You got a minute? Howard: Not really. Visigoths are kind of up my butt 紧追不放, 紧追不舍 right now. Bernadette: Pause the game, Howard. Howard: Howard? Uh-oh. Make room 让一让, 让出点地方来, Visigoths. 'Sup? Bernadette: We need to talk about redecorating 装修 this place. Howard: Oh, no, not this again. Bernadette: Look, I get that you grew up here and you're attached to things looking a certain way, but I want this to feel like my house, too. Howard: Oh, honey, of course it's your house. Why else would you be cleaning it all the time? Bernadette: All right. Let's start over 重说一遍, 从头来. I'm redecorating. The furniture, the carpeting, the walls. I'm changing everything that depresses me when I look at it. Try not to be one of those things. 5. Adam: All right, we're just gonna have a conversation. Pretend the camera's not here. Sheldon: All right. But this better not be some elaborate scheme 精心设计的骗局 to get me out of my shirt. Leonard: How long have you known Adam? Wil: A few years. Leonard: And what are you getting him back for 他怎么惹到你了, 报复, 报仇? 6. Bernadette: Seriously? You brought Raj over to take your side 支持? Howard: Your dad's on your side. Bernadette: He's not on my side. He's doing all the work for free. Raj: That is so generous of you. I'd like to switch sides. Howard: Look, uh, I don't even think you can take this wall down 'cause it's load-bearing. Raj: Well, it's easy to find out. Just go into the crawlspace under the house and check. Howard: When is your visa up 什么时候签证到期? 7. Penny: Aren't you worried you're making French toast on oatmeal day? Leonard: Ah, well, what's this? A pot of oatmeal? Or, thanks to you, what I will now call gloatmeal. Penny: Oh, I don't want credit for that. Sheldon: Oh, Dr. and Mrs. Hofstadter, lovely to see you this fine morning. Leonard: You're in a good mood. Sheldon: Yeah, I am indeed. I have decided, instead of wallowing [ˈwɑloʊ] in sadness 暗自伤神 about Amy( I. If you say that someone is wallowing in an unpleasant situation, you are criticizing them for being deliberately unhappy. [disapproval] to spend a lot of time feeling a negative emotion, especially because you want sympathy from other people George still seems determined to wallow in self-pity. His tired mind continued to wallow in self-pity. I wanted only to wallow in my own grief. II. If a person or animal wallows in water or mud 打滚撒欢, they lie or roll about in it slowly for pleasure. to lie down and roll around in water, dirt, or mud like a pig. Never have I had such a good excuse for wallowing in deep warm baths. Dogs love splashing in mud and hippos wallow in it. ), it is time that I find myself a new female companion. Penny: Oh. Good for you. Leonard: What brought this on ( bring something on I. 这是怎么发生的, 这是哪里来的. 这是刮得什么风啊. 这是从何说起. to make something bad or unpleasant happen. to make something happen, usually something bad: The loud music brought on another one of his headaches. Stress can bring on an asthma attack. What's brought this on? Have I upset you somehow? II. to help someone to improve or make progress. Teachers have to bring on the bright children and at the same time give extra help to those who need it. III. to make plants or crops grow faster. Keeping the young plants in a greenhouse will help bring them on. bring it on informal used to say that you are prepared and willing to deal with something bad that is likely to happen. bring the curtain down on something 终结一个时代 to cause or mark the end of an event or situation Richardson brings the curtain down on one of the most amazing managerial careers of all-time this weekend. bring/keep someone up to date (with/on something) to inform someone of all the most recent news and changes in a situation. The newsletter will keep you up to date with our progress. )? Sheldon: I realized something. When Amy was in my life, I was hyper-focused on my work and ignored her. Penny: And you don't want to make the same mistake with the next woman. Sheldon: No, I need a new woman in my life to ignore so I can hyper-focus on my work again. Leonard: Hey, I made French toast sticks. Sheldon: On oatmeal day? Leonard: Ah, I also made oatmeal. Sheldon: Ooh, that's a lot of carbohydrates for a man on the prowl [praʊl] 找男友, 找女友, 寻觅, 猎艳, 寻寻觅觅, 寻找猎物( prowl I. to move around an area in a quiet way, especially because you intend to do something bad. The police caught him prowling the neighborhood. a lion prowling through the jungle. II. to walk around in a very nervous or angry way. He stood up and began to prowl around the room. on the prowl looking for someone or something. If an animal is on the prowl, it is hunting. If a person is on the prowl, they are hunting for something such as a sexual partner or a business deal. Their fellow travellers are a mix of single girls on the prowl and elderly couples. The new administration are on the prowl for ways to reduce spending. teenage gangs on the prowl. hot prowl burglary US: a burglary that takes place while the occupants are in the building. A string of hot prowl burglaries are occurring in San Diego Country Estates, and Detective Tom Seiver with the sheriff's Ramona station advises residents to lock their doors. ). You know what? You eat it. You're married, it doesn't matter what you look like. Penny: Don't take advice from a man who threw his shoe at a crow [kroʊ]. 8. Dave: Been a long time since I had a home-cooked meal 家里做的饭. Amy: When you were married, did your wife cook? Dave: Not at first, no. But when she began cheating on me with a French chef, she became quite the wiz in the kitchen( wiz = whizz verb. If something whizzes somewhere, it moves there very fast. [informal] Stewart felt a bottle whizz past his head. A car whizzed past. noun. If you are a whizz at something, you are very good at it. [informal] Simon's a whizz at card games. ). Amy: So, a little silver lining. Dave: I suppose. Yeah. Nothing takes the sting 刺痛 out of a shattered life like a properly-seasoned 味道足的 bowl of onion soup. How long have you, uh, lived here? Amy: Uh, about five years. I'm actually thinking of moving to a better place now that I don't need to be so close to, well, you know. 9. Sheldon: (Knock, knock, knock) Penny. (Knock, knock, knock) Penny. (Knock, knock, knock) Penny. Bernadette: What happens if I say, come in? Penny: Well, find out. Bernadette: Come in. Sheldon: (Knock, knock, knock) Bernadette. (Knock, knock, knock) Bernadette. (Knock, knock, knock) Bernadette. Penny: Come in. Sheldon: Keep it up 你就那样做吧. I got nowhere else to be. Bernadette: Just come in. Sheldon: For future reference, if I want to watch Mean Girls, I'll stream it on Netflix. Penny: We're sorry. What do you need? Sheldon: Well, as you know, I'll be celebrating Amy's birthday with her, and I could use your assistance in helping me select the perfect gift. Bernadette: Sure. Sheldon: Well, so far, I've come up with three ideas. The first is a chance for her to play the harp with the L.A. Philharmonic. Penny: Wow. You can really arrange that? Sheldon: Well, I said a chance, you know. When you tell them it's your birthday at Bennigan's, they make a fuss. I don't see why the Philharmonic would be any different. Bernadette: How about something a little more realistic 现实一点的, 好实现的? Sheldon: Well, Amy enjoys knitting her own sweaters, so I was thinking of getting her an all-expense-paid trip to the Wisconsin Sheep and Wool Festival. Penny: Sorry. I was waiting for the bazinga. Bernadette: Hold on. It could be romantic. The two of them away together, keeping each other warm in snowy Wisconsin. Sheldon: No, no, no, no. She'd be going alone. Well, if you think I'm afraid of birds, you should see me around sheep. Penny: Okay, well, what's the third option? Sheldon: That I have coitus with her. Penny: Okay. Let's just recap 简单说一下, 简述 our options( [ˌriˈkæp] to describe what has already been done or decided, without repeating the details. We'll just recap briefly on what we did.). All right, we've got harp thing, sheep thing. Bernadette: Wild thang. Sheldon: Which do you think she'd prefer? Because I checked the Sheep and Wool Festival Web site, and there's only 8,000 tickets left. Penny: Sheldon, being physical with Amy is a huge step for you. Bernadette: Yeah, are you ready for this? Sheldon: Intimacy in any form has been challenging for me, but I'd like to show her how important she is, and it feels like now might be the right time. Penny: Sheldon, that's so beautiful. Sheldon: Then it's settled. Amy's birthday present will be my genitals. Amy: Thanks for taking me out. Penny: Well, you're spending your birthday with Sheldon. Why not celebrate early? Bernadette: So where do you want to go? Amy: I heard that new Mexican place on Green Street is good. Penny: Sure, sure. Or we could take you to get a bikini wax. Amy: Why would I get a bikini wax for my birthday? Penny: Uh, I don't know. It was just a thought. Amy: I think I'll just stick to Mexican. Bernadette: Great. And then maybe after, we can watch a dirty movie, and if anybody has any questions about what happened or how, we can answer them. Amy: Okay, what is going on? Penny: Oh, we just want you to be prepared for any surprises that might happen tomorrow. Amy: What surprises? Bernadette: We don't want to spoil anything, but you should know that Sheldon said he's ready to be physical. Amy: You shut your damn mouth. You actually heard him say this? Penny: Yes. He said he wants to do something to show you how much you mean to him. Amy: I, I can't believe it. I, I don't know what to say. Bernadette: Well, we're really happy for you, and we know how much he cares… Amy: I do know what to say. Let's get me waxed. 10. Amy: Sheldon, I know your present is for us to be intimate tonight. Sheldon: I see. Is that all right? I'm sorry, but this is a litigious 爱起诉的, 动不动爱打官司的 ( [lɪˈtɪdʒəs] always ready to deal with disagreements by suing (=starting a legal case) rather than by discussion. ) society. I'm gonna need verbal consent. Amy: Yes. Sheldon: You know what, let me pull a quick contract off the Internet. 11. Leonard: Thank you for seeing me on such short notice. Dr Gallo: Ah, it's my pleasure. I'm curious, are you related to Dr. Beverly Hofstadter? Leonard: Uh, she's my mother. You know her? Dr Gallo: No, not personally, but I have read all of her books. Leonard: Well, then you know her better than I do. Dr Gallo: Well, I'm not so sure about that. But I can tell you I do not agree with her theories on child rearing 育儿 at all. Leonard: Really? Any chance you find them cold, cruel and unsuitable for innocent little boys who just want to be happy? Dr Gallo: Well, I didn't want to say it. Leonard: No, no, say it. Sing it. Rent a plane, write it in the sky. Dr Gallo: Sounds like you're holding on 怀着, 怀揣着, 心怀 to quite a bit of anger towards her. Leonard: Oh, no, I, I've worked through a lot of that stuff, I'm better now. Dr Gallo: Mm. Good for you. Leonard: Do you know she never let me celebrate my birthday because being born was her achievement, not mine? Dr Gallo: That's heartbreaking. Leonard: Right? To this day, I send her a card every year with a little money in it. 12. Sheldon: Bye. Oh, good news, gentlemen. Amy's at a conference this weekend, which means I'm available to be entertained, hmm. As today's youth 现在的年轻人 might put it, who wants to get their Sheld-on? Howard: Bernie and I are getting the house ready for the remodel 重新布置, 重新装修. We could always use an extra pair of hands. Sheldon: That sounds awful. Raj? Raj: Uh, I've got time booked in the telescope room all weekend scanning for rogue planets. You're more than welcome to join me. Sheldon: That's the one to beat. Leonard? Leonard: Oh, if anything, I'm trying to get my Sheld-off. Sheldon: Well, then it looks like we have a winner. Congratulations. Raj: Well, I should warn you, it's just looking at data for hours and hours on a computer screen. Sheldon: Uh, stop selling 推销 it, kid. You won. 13. Howard: What's up? Stuart: Uh, well, I know the remodel is coming up, so I thought I'd make it easy on you guys and find my own place. Howard: Wow. I thought I was done getting lucky tonight. Bernadette: So, when are you thinking of moving? Stuart: Uh, actually, I already found an apartment, so in a couple of days. Bernadette: Oh. Okay. Sorry to see you go? Stuart: Okay, well, thank you guys for everything. I really appreciate it. 14. Dr Gallo: When you made your husband pretend to be a patient so you could get access to me, what were you thinking there? Penny: I just meant a question about the drug. Dr Gallo: Yeah, I know what you meant. Let's put that aside for a minute and talk about why you married Leonard. Penny: I don't wanna. Dr Gallo: Here is a man raised by an overbearing woman who completely dominated 主导, 控制 every aspect of his formative years. Do you think he's perpetuating that relationship by seeking out a partner like you? Penny: You know, I used to wear tank tops a lot. That was a big selling point. 15. Raj: What is wrong with you? Sheldon: Look at him, caring about what's wrong with me. That is some top-shelf empathy( I. only before noun informal top-shelf magazines show pictures of naked bodies or sexual activity and are usually kept on the highest shelf in a store. top-shelf magazines. II. American and Australian of the highest quality. ). Hey, well, we should start a club. Raj: You went to Emily's to apologise, and when you left, she was crying. Sheldon: That is true. Well, I suppose I should apologize again. All: No. Penny: Is she okay? Raj: Yeah, I calmed her down, but she's not going to Vegas if he's going. Howard: Wait, that's an option? I didn't know that was an option. Sheldon: Well, that is fine, because I've decided that I won't be joining you. I've realized that the most genuine way to demonstrate the remorse I feel is to let you have this weekend to yourselves. Raj: That's very mature of you. Sheldon: Well, I've been on a little trip myself recently. Not to Sin City but to Sincere City. Where instead of genital warts, the only growth you'll come back with is personal growth. Penny: And there's your next T-shirt. 16. Penny: How can I not sound like his mother when our entire bedroom is filled with Star Wars toys? I mean, have you ever had sex with a stuffed Wookiee watching you? Dr Gallo: I went to college in the '70s. It was a hairier ( hairy frightening, or dangerous. a hairy moment. ) time. I'm gonna say yes. Penny: You know, if anything, he's turning me into his mother. Before I did pharmaceutical sales, I was an actress. You know, I was pretty good. You know, girl-next-door type, but hot. Doable. Dr Gallo: Hmm. Penny: And not only am I Leonard's mother, but we have this man-child 巨婴, 大小孩 living with us named Sheldon. Dr Gallo: Oh, Leonard talked a lot about him. I wasn't sure if he was real. Penny: Yeah, he's as real as the fine I get when I use too much toilet paper. Dr Gallo: Wow, you really do have a lot on your plate. Penny: I do. You know, Leonard's right. Talking to you is really helping. Dr Gallo: Oh, I'm glad. You know, you might also benefit from a prescription for anxiety. Penny: Okay, if you think it'll help. Oh, just don't make it Placinex. I do not need sudden fits of homicidal rage 冲动( rage I. Rage is strong anger that is difficult to control. He was red-cheeked 脸红耳赤 with rage. I flew into a rage. He admitted shooting the man in a fit of rage. II. You can refer to the strong anger that someone feels in a particular situation as a particular rage, especially when this results in violent or aggressive behaviour. Cabin crews are reporting up to nine cases of air rage a week. III. When something is popular and fashionable, you can say that it is the rage or all the rage. The 1950s look is all the rage at the moment. verb. I. You say that something powerful or unpleasant rages when it continues with great force or violence. Train services were halted as the fire raged for more than four hours. ...the fierce arguments raging over the future of the Holy City. The war rages 肆虐 on and the time has come to take sides. II. If you rage about something, you speak or think very angrily about it. Monroe was on the phone, raging about her mistreatment by the brothers. Inside, Frannie was raging. 'I can't see it's any of your business,' he raged. raging [reɪdʒɪŋ] I. Raging 汹涌的 water moves very forcefully and violently. The field trip involved crossing a raging torrent. II. Raging fire 火势汹汹的 is very hot and fierce. As he came closer he saw a gigantic wall of raging flame before him. III. Raging is used to describe things, especially bad things, that are very intense. If raging inflation returns, then interest rates will shoot up. There may be the occasional criticism but it's clear there is no raging debate right now. He felt a raging thirst. rage-quit to angrily abandon an activity or situation that has become frustrating, especially a computer game. Every time I was about to rage-quit the game, I found the solution and felt like a boss. I could have rage-quit my job, but instead I now find it satisfying to just be myself. Hopefully he'll rage-quit and let your game continue in peace.).
defamation ( defame [dɪˈfeɪm] to say or write something bad about someone that is not true and makes other people have a bad opinion of them. ) VS libel ( libel [ˈlaɪb(ə)l] 书面诽谤 to write things about someone that are not true. ) VS slander ( slander 口头诽谤 [ˈslændər] to say something about someone that is not true and is likely to damage their reputation. ): What is defamation? Defamation is a false statement presented as a fact that causes injury or damage to the character of the person it is about. An example is "Tom Smith stole money from his employer." If this is untrue and if making the statement damages Tom's reputation or ability to work, it is defamation. The person whose reputation has been damaged by the false statement can bring a defamation lawsuit. Defamation of character happens when something untrue and damaging is presented as a fact to someone else. Making the statement only to the person the statement is about ("Tom, you're a thief") is not defamation because it does not damage that person's character in anyone else's eyes. Legal Difference Between Opinion and Defamation: There is an important difference in defamation law between stating an opinion 发表看法 and defaming someone. Saying, "I think Cindy is annoying" is an opinion and is something that can't ever really be empirically ( empirical [emˈpɪrɪk(ə)l] based on real experience or scientific experiments rather than on theory. ) proven true or false. Saying "I think Cindy stole a car" is still an opinion but implies she committed a crime. If the accusation is untrue, then it will defame her. This is why the news media is so careful to use the word "allegedly" when talking about people accused of a crime. This way they merely report someone else's accusation without stating their own opinion. Importance of Intent: Another crucial part of a defamation case is that the person makes the false statement with a certain kind of intent. The statement must have been made with knowledge that it was untrue or with reckless disregard for the truth (meaning the person who said it questioned the truthfulness but said it anyhow). If the person being defamed is a private citizen and not a celebrity or public figure, defamation can also be proven when the statement was made with negligence as to determining its truth (the person speaking should have known it was false or should have questioned it). This means it is easier to prove defamation when you are a private citizen. There is a higher standard required if you are a public figure. Some states have laws that automatically make certain statements defamation. Any false statement that a person has committed a serious crime, has a serious infectious disease, or is incompetent in his profession are automatically defamatory under these laws. Slander and Libel Definition: What is Slander? What is Libel? Libel and slander are both types of defamation. Libel is an untrue defamatory statement that is made in writing. Slander is an untrue defamatory statement that is spoken orally. The difference between defamation and slander is that a defamatory statement can be made in any medium. It could be in a blog comment or spoken in a speech or said on television. Libelous acts only occur when a statement is made in writing (digital statements count as writing) and slanderous statements are only made orally. You may have heard of seditious libel. The Sedition Act of 1798 made it a crime to print anything false about the government, president, or Congress. The Supreme Court later modified this when it enacted the rule that a statement against a public figure is libel only if it known to be false or the speaker had a reckless disregard for the truth when making it. Damages for Defamation: Suing for slander, libel, or defamation brings a civil suit 民事诉讼 in a state court and alleges that under the slander laws or libel laws of that state the person who brought about the lawsuit was damaged by the conduct of the person who made the false statement. A libel or slander lawsuit seeks monetary damages for harm caused by the statement, such as pain and suffering, damage to the plaintiff's reputation, lost wages or a loss of ability to earn a living, and personal emotional reactions such as shame, humiliation, and anxiety. Defending a Defamation Case: If you are accused of defamation, slander, or libel, truth is an absolute defense to the allegation. If what you said is true, there is no case. If the case is brought by a public figure and you can prove you were only negligent in weighing whether the statement was false, that can be a defense as well. Defamation is an area of law that protects people's reputations by allowing them recourse if false statements are made about them. This type of civil case is an effective way to protect your reputation.
The Capture: 1. Meanwhile, DI Rachel Carey has been temporarily seconded to 暂时借调到 Homicide and Serious Crime Command from SO15, having recently led Operation Sycamore that secured the convictions of four ISIS terrorists. Rachel's team is called to the scene of the kidnapping, and Carey calls in her contacts to identify Emery with facial recognition. Carey orders Flynn and Latif to intercept 拦截, 截住, but they are parked ( parked adj If you are parked somewhere, you have parked your car there. My sister was parked down the road. We're parked out front. park I. to leave something in a place for a period of time. park in/on/here etc.: Can I park my bags here while I get something to eat? II. to stop pursuing or dealing with something temporarily. park yourself to sit or stand somewhere He parked himself on the floor in front of the TV. double-park If someone double-parks their car or their car double-parks, they park in a road by the side of another parked car. Murray double-parked his car. The car pulled in and double-parked in front of the town hall.) outside the same address and see nothing. Emery is locked in an interrogation room, and American intelligence officers report that "the toy soldier is contained". 2. An air gap, air wall or air gapping 物理隔离的 is a network security measure employed on one or more computers to ensure that a secure computer network is physically isolated from unsecured networks, such as the public Internet or an unsecured local area network. It means a computer or network has no network interfaces connected to other networks, with a physical or conceptual air gap, analogous to 类似于 the air gap used in plumbing to maintain water quality. An "air-gapped" computer or network is one that has no network interfaces, either wired or wireless, connected to outside networks. Many computers, even when they are not plugged into a wired network, have a wireless network interface controller (WiFi) and are connected to nearby wireless networks to access the Internet and update software. This represents a security vulnerability, so air-gapped computers either have their wireless interface controller permanently disabled or physically removed. To move data between the outside world and the air-gapped system, it is necessary to write data to a physical medium such as a thumbdrive, and physically move it between computers. Physical access is easier to control than an electronic network interface, which can be attacked at any time from the exterior insecure system and, if malware infects the secure system, can be used to export secure data. 3. Deepfakes (a portmanteau of "deep learning 深度学习" and "fake") are synthetic media in which a person in an existing image or video is replaced with someone else's likeness. While the act of faking content is a not new, deepfakes leverage powerful techniques from machine learning 机器学习 and artificial intelligence to manipulate or generate visual and audio content with a high potential to deceive. The main machine learning methods used to create deepfakes are based on deep learning and involve training generative neural network architectures, such as autoencoders or generative adversarial networks (GANs). Deepfakes have garnered widespread attention for their uses in celebrity pornographic videos, revenge porn, fake news, hoaxes, and financial fraud. This has elicited responses from both industry and government to detect and limit their use.
Big Bang Theory: 1. Penny: Okay, here we go. Now everyone can see. All right. Where do we stand on cross-eyed 对眼的 Mike? Raj: You know he won't be looking at other girls. Howard: Unless they're sitting on the end of his nose. Penny: Okay, okay, okay. Thumbs down. Next. Bernadette: Ew, check out his tiny teeth. He looks like a man-dolphin. Penny: Well if he's good in bed, she can throw him a fish. 2. Leonard: Look, you can trust us. We're respected scientists. Sheldon: Well, he is. I'm a wedding planner who can't find love himself. It's ironic, but the point is we can't trust you. You're a sketchy character 可疑人物 in a parking garage. Man: Yeah, well, from my perspective, that's how you two appear to me. Sheldon: Well, I never thought of it like that. Boy, frame of reference 参考系, 参考坐标系, 参照物 ( A frame of reference is a particular set of beliefs or ideas on which you base your judgment of things. We know we're dealing with someone with a different frame of reference. In physics, a frame of reference (or reference frame) consists of an abstract coordinate system and the set of physical reference points that uniquely fix (locate and orient) the coordinate system and standardize measurements within that frame. In Einsteinian relativity, reference frames are used to specify the relationship between a moving observer and the phenomenon or phenomena under observation. In this context, the phrase often becomes "observational frame of reference" (or "observational reference frame") 观察坐标系, which implies that the observer is at rest in the frame, although not necessarily located at its origin. A relativistic reference frame includes (or implies) the coordinate time, which does not correspond across different frames moving relatively to each other. The situation thus differs from Galilean relativity, where all possible coordinate times are essentially equivalent. benchmark 参照, 标杆 an amount, level, standard, etc. that you can use for judging how good or bad other things are. A benchmark is something whose quality or quantity is known and which can therefore be used as a standard with which other things can be compared. The truck industry is a benchmark for the economy. benchmark for: plans to set a new benchmark for salaries. verb. to provide a standard that something can be judged by. ) will just sneak up on you( to approach someone quietly and surprise that person: Overton sneaked up behind Brown and knocked the ball out of bounds. If an event or day sneaks up on you 悄然而至, it arrives before you are ready for it. a. If someone sneaks up on you, they try and approach you without being seen or heard, perhaps to surprise you or do you harm. I managed to sneak up on him when you knocked on the door. II. If something sneaks up on you, it happens or occurs when you are not expecting it. Sometimes our expectations sneak up on us unawares.), won't it? Leonard: My friend does make a decent point about the money. I don't feel comfortable just handing it over up front 提前, 事先. Man: Ah, no money, no helium. Seems we're at a, uh, stalemate. Sheldon: Not technically. In chess, a stalemate refers to a situation in which there are no remaining moves. Uh, you have plenty of moves available. You could beat us up and steal the money. You could kill us, you know. Really, you're only limited by your imagination. Man: Huh. All these years I've been using stalemate, when I really mean impasse ( [ˈɪmˌpæs] ). I feel foolish 觉得自己好蠢, 感觉自己好傻, 感觉自己好笨. Leonard: I don't think it matters if this is a stalemate or an impasse or a Mexican standoff. What are we gonna do here? Man: Oh, whoa, whoa, how can it be a Mexican standoff? Everybody knows you need three sides for that. Sheldon: Not necessarily. Uh, many argue the essence of a Mexican standoff is that no one can walk away from the conflict without incurring harm 导致伤害. Man: Hmm, I don't follow. Sheldon: Let me give you an example. Earlier today, I decoded the headers on your e-mail, and I know that your name is Kenneth Fitzgerald. From that, I figured out where you live and where you work. Now, to make this a Mexican standoff, I would say something like, uh, you give us the helium or I'll turn you in to the authorities 主管. Man: Is that a threat? 3. Sheldon: Leonard, we should probably have our story straight in case we get caught. Leonard: We're not getting caught. Sheldon: Well, you can't be sure of that. What if the helium dealer rats us out? What if Kripke asks where we got it? What if the university checks my family tree and finds out I don't have an Uncle Harvey? Leonard: The dealer doesn't care, Kripke has no authority over 没有权利, 没有资格 us, and you being related to a metal container would explain a lot. Help me hook this up. 4. Bernadette: Hey. You got a minute? Howard: Not really. Visigoths are kind of up my butt 紧追不放, 紧追不舍 right now. Bernadette: Pause the game, Howard. Howard: Howard? Uh-oh. Make room 让一让, 让出点地方来, Visigoths. 'Sup? Bernadette: We need to talk about redecorating 装修 this place. Howard: Oh, no, not this again. Bernadette: Look, I get that you grew up here and you're attached to things looking a certain way, but I want this to feel like my house, too. Howard: Oh, honey, of course it's your house. Why else would you be cleaning it all the time? Bernadette: All right. Let's start over 重说一遍, 从头来. I'm redecorating. The furniture, the carpeting, the walls. I'm changing everything that depresses me when I look at it. Try not to be one of those things. 5. Adam: All right, we're just gonna have a conversation. Pretend the camera's not here. Sheldon: All right. But this better not be some elaborate scheme 精心设计的骗局 to get me out of my shirt. Leonard: How long have you known Adam? Wil: A few years. Leonard: And what are you getting him back for 他怎么惹到你了, 报复, 报仇? 6. Bernadette: Seriously? You brought Raj over to take your side 支持? Howard: Your dad's on your side. Bernadette: He's not on my side. He's doing all the work for free. Raj: That is so generous of you. I'd like to switch sides. Howard: Look, uh, I don't even think you can take this wall down 'cause it's load-bearing. Raj: Well, it's easy to find out. Just go into the crawlspace under the house and check. Howard: When is your visa up 什么时候签证到期? 7. Penny: Aren't you worried you're making French toast on oatmeal day? Leonard: Ah, well, what's this? A pot of oatmeal? Or, thanks to you, what I will now call gloatmeal. Penny: Oh, I don't want credit for that. Sheldon: Oh, Dr. and Mrs. Hofstadter, lovely to see you this fine morning. Leonard: You're in a good mood. Sheldon: Yeah, I am indeed. I have decided, instead of wallowing [ˈwɑloʊ] in sadness 暗自伤神 about Amy( I. If you say that someone is wallowing in an unpleasant situation, you are criticizing them for being deliberately unhappy. [disapproval] to spend a lot of time feeling a negative emotion, especially because you want sympathy from other people George still seems determined to wallow in self-pity. His tired mind continued to wallow in self-pity. I wanted only to wallow in my own grief. II. If a person or animal wallows in water or mud 打滚撒欢, they lie or roll about in it slowly for pleasure. to lie down and roll around in water, dirt, or mud like a pig. Never have I had such a good excuse for wallowing in deep warm baths. Dogs love splashing in mud and hippos wallow in it. ), it is time that I find myself a new female companion. Penny: Oh. Good for you. Leonard: What brought this on ( bring something on I. 这是怎么发生的, 这是哪里来的. 这是刮得什么风啊. 这是从何说起. to make something bad or unpleasant happen. to make something happen, usually something bad: The loud music brought on another one of his headaches. Stress can bring on an asthma attack. What's brought this on? Have I upset you somehow? II. to help someone to improve or make progress. Teachers have to bring on the bright children and at the same time give extra help to those who need it. III. to make plants or crops grow faster. Keeping the young plants in a greenhouse will help bring them on. bring it on informal used to say that you are prepared and willing to deal with something bad that is likely to happen. bring the curtain down on something 终结一个时代 to cause or mark the end of an event or situation Richardson brings the curtain down on one of the most amazing managerial careers of all-time this weekend. bring/keep someone up to date (with/on something) to inform someone of all the most recent news and changes in a situation. The newsletter will keep you up to date with our progress. )? Sheldon: I realized something. When Amy was in my life, I was hyper-focused on my work and ignored her. Penny: And you don't want to make the same mistake with the next woman. Sheldon: No, I need a new woman in my life to ignore so I can hyper-focus on my work again. Leonard: Hey, I made French toast sticks. Sheldon: On oatmeal day? Leonard: Ah, I also made oatmeal. Sheldon: Ooh, that's a lot of carbohydrates for a man on the prowl [praʊl] 找男友, 找女友, 寻觅, 猎艳, 寻寻觅觅, 寻找猎物( prowl I. to move around an area in a quiet way, especially because you intend to do something bad. The police caught him prowling the neighborhood. a lion prowling through the jungle. II. to walk around in a very nervous or angry way. He stood up and began to prowl around the room. on the prowl looking for someone or something. If an animal is on the prowl, it is hunting. If a person is on the prowl, they are hunting for something such as a sexual partner or a business deal. Their fellow travellers are a mix of single girls on the prowl and elderly couples. The new administration are on the prowl for ways to reduce spending. teenage gangs on the prowl. hot prowl burglary US: a burglary that takes place while the occupants are in the building. A string of hot prowl burglaries are occurring in San Diego Country Estates, and Detective Tom Seiver with the sheriff's Ramona station advises residents to lock their doors. ). You know what? You eat it. You're married, it doesn't matter what you look like. Penny: Don't take advice from a man who threw his shoe at a crow [kroʊ]. 8. Dave: Been a long time since I had a home-cooked meal 家里做的饭. Amy: When you were married, did your wife cook? Dave: Not at first, no. But when she began cheating on me with a French chef, she became quite the wiz in the kitchen( wiz = whizz verb. If something whizzes somewhere, it moves there very fast. [informal] Stewart felt a bottle whizz past his head. A car whizzed past. noun. If you are a whizz at something, you are very good at it. [informal] Simon's a whizz at card games. ). Amy: So, a little silver lining. Dave: I suppose. Yeah. Nothing takes the sting 刺痛 out of a shattered life like a properly-seasoned 味道足的 bowl of onion soup. How long have you, uh, lived here? Amy: Uh, about five years. I'm actually thinking of moving to a better place now that I don't need to be so close to, well, you know. 9. Sheldon: (Knock, knock, knock) Penny. (Knock, knock, knock) Penny. (Knock, knock, knock) Penny. Bernadette: What happens if I say, come in? Penny: Well, find out. Bernadette: Come in. Sheldon: (Knock, knock, knock) Bernadette. (Knock, knock, knock) Bernadette. (Knock, knock, knock) Bernadette. Penny: Come in. Sheldon: Keep it up 你就那样做吧. I got nowhere else to be. Bernadette: Just come in. Sheldon: For future reference, if I want to watch Mean Girls, I'll stream it on Netflix. Penny: We're sorry. What do you need? Sheldon: Well, as you know, I'll be celebrating Amy's birthday with her, and I could use your assistance in helping me select the perfect gift. Bernadette: Sure. Sheldon: Well, so far, I've come up with three ideas. The first is a chance for her to play the harp with the L.A. Philharmonic. Penny: Wow. You can really arrange that? Sheldon: Well, I said a chance, you know. When you tell them it's your birthday at Bennigan's, they make a fuss. I don't see why the Philharmonic would be any different. Bernadette: How about something a little more realistic 现实一点的, 好实现的? Sheldon: Well, Amy enjoys knitting her own sweaters, so I was thinking of getting her an all-expense-paid trip to the Wisconsin Sheep and Wool Festival. Penny: Sorry. I was waiting for the bazinga. Bernadette: Hold on. It could be romantic. The two of them away together, keeping each other warm in snowy Wisconsin. Sheldon: No, no, no, no. She'd be going alone. Well, if you think I'm afraid of birds, you should see me around sheep. Penny: Okay, well, what's the third option? Sheldon: That I have coitus with her. Penny: Okay. Let's just recap 简单说一下, 简述 our options( [ˌriˈkæp] to describe what has already been done or decided, without repeating the details. We'll just recap briefly on what we did.). All right, we've got harp thing, sheep thing. Bernadette: Wild thang. Sheldon: Which do you think she'd prefer? Because I checked the Sheep and Wool Festival Web site, and there's only 8,000 tickets left. Penny: Sheldon, being physical with Amy is a huge step for you. Bernadette: Yeah, are you ready for this? Sheldon: Intimacy in any form has been challenging for me, but I'd like to show her how important she is, and it feels like now might be the right time. Penny: Sheldon, that's so beautiful. Sheldon: Then it's settled. Amy's birthday present will be my genitals. Amy: Thanks for taking me out. Penny: Well, you're spending your birthday with Sheldon. Why not celebrate early? Bernadette: So where do you want to go? Amy: I heard that new Mexican place on Green Street is good. Penny: Sure, sure. Or we could take you to get a bikini wax. Amy: Why would I get a bikini wax for my birthday? Penny: Uh, I don't know. It was just a thought. Amy: I think I'll just stick to Mexican. Bernadette: Great. And then maybe after, we can watch a dirty movie, and if anybody has any questions about what happened or how, we can answer them. Amy: Okay, what is going on? Penny: Oh, we just want you to be prepared for any surprises that might happen tomorrow. Amy: What surprises? Bernadette: We don't want to spoil anything, but you should know that Sheldon said he's ready to be physical. Amy: You shut your damn mouth. You actually heard him say this? Penny: Yes. He said he wants to do something to show you how much you mean to him. Amy: I, I can't believe it. I, I don't know what to say. Bernadette: Well, we're really happy for you, and we know how much he cares… Amy: I do know what to say. Let's get me waxed. 10. Amy: Sheldon, I know your present is for us to be intimate tonight. Sheldon: I see. Is that all right? I'm sorry, but this is a litigious 爱起诉的, 动不动爱打官司的 ( [lɪˈtɪdʒəs] always ready to deal with disagreements by suing (=starting a legal case) rather than by discussion. ) society. I'm gonna need verbal consent. Amy: Yes. Sheldon: You know what, let me pull a quick contract off the Internet. 11. Leonard: Thank you for seeing me on such short notice. Dr Gallo: Ah, it's my pleasure. I'm curious, are you related to Dr. Beverly Hofstadter? Leonard: Uh, she's my mother. You know her? Dr Gallo: No, not personally, but I have read all of her books. Leonard: Well, then you know her better than I do. Dr Gallo: Well, I'm not so sure about that. But I can tell you I do not agree with her theories on child rearing 育儿 at all. Leonard: Really? Any chance you find them cold, cruel and unsuitable for innocent little boys who just want to be happy? Dr Gallo: Well, I didn't want to say it. Leonard: No, no, say it. Sing it. Rent a plane, write it in the sky. Dr Gallo: Sounds like you're holding on 怀着, 怀揣着, 心怀 to quite a bit of anger towards her. Leonard: Oh, no, I, I've worked through a lot of that stuff, I'm better now. Dr Gallo: Mm. Good for you. Leonard: Do you know she never let me celebrate my birthday because being born was her achievement, not mine? Dr Gallo: That's heartbreaking. Leonard: Right? To this day, I send her a card every year with a little money in it. 12. Sheldon: Bye. Oh, good news, gentlemen. Amy's at a conference this weekend, which means I'm available to be entertained, hmm. As today's youth 现在的年轻人 might put it, who wants to get their Sheld-on? Howard: Bernie and I are getting the house ready for the remodel 重新布置, 重新装修. We could always use an extra pair of hands. Sheldon: That sounds awful. Raj? Raj: Uh, I've got time booked in the telescope room all weekend scanning for rogue planets. You're more than welcome to join me. Sheldon: That's the one to beat. Leonard? Leonard: Oh, if anything, I'm trying to get my Sheld-off. Sheldon: Well, then it looks like we have a winner. Congratulations. Raj: Well, I should warn you, it's just looking at data for hours and hours on a computer screen. Sheldon: Uh, stop selling 推销 it, kid. You won. 13. Howard: What's up? Stuart: Uh, well, I know the remodel is coming up, so I thought I'd make it easy on you guys and find my own place. Howard: Wow. I thought I was done getting lucky tonight. Bernadette: So, when are you thinking of moving? Stuart: Uh, actually, I already found an apartment, so in a couple of days. Bernadette: Oh. Okay. Sorry to see you go? Stuart: Okay, well, thank you guys for everything. I really appreciate it. 14. Dr Gallo: When you made your husband pretend to be a patient so you could get access to me, what were you thinking there? Penny: I just meant a question about the drug. Dr Gallo: Yeah, I know what you meant. Let's put that aside for a minute and talk about why you married Leonard. Penny: I don't wanna. Dr Gallo: Here is a man raised by an overbearing woman who completely dominated 主导, 控制 every aspect of his formative years. Do you think he's perpetuating that relationship by seeking out a partner like you? Penny: You know, I used to wear tank tops a lot. That was a big selling point. 15. Raj: What is wrong with you? Sheldon: Look at him, caring about what's wrong with me. That is some top-shelf empathy( I. only before noun informal top-shelf magazines show pictures of naked bodies or sexual activity and are usually kept on the highest shelf in a store. top-shelf magazines. II. American and Australian of the highest quality. ). Hey, well, we should start a club. Raj: You went to Emily's to apologise, and when you left, she was crying. Sheldon: That is true. Well, I suppose I should apologize again. All: No. Penny: Is she okay? Raj: Yeah, I calmed her down, but she's not going to Vegas if he's going. Howard: Wait, that's an option? I didn't know that was an option. Sheldon: Well, that is fine, because I've decided that I won't be joining you. I've realized that the most genuine way to demonstrate the remorse I feel is to let you have this weekend to yourselves. Raj: That's very mature of you. Sheldon: Well, I've been on a little trip myself recently. Not to Sin City but to Sincere City. Where instead of genital warts, the only growth you'll come back with is personal growth. Penny: And there's your next T-shirt. 16. Penny: How can I not sound like his mother when our entire bedroom is filled with Star Wars toys? I mean, have you ever had sex with a stuffed Wookiee watching you? Dr Gallo: I went to college in the '70s. It was a hairier ( hairy frightening, or dangerous. a hairy moment. ) time. I'm gonna say yes. Penny: You know, if anything, he's turning me into his mother. Before I did pharmaceutical sales, I was an actress. You know, I was pretty good. You know, girl-next-door type, but hot. Doable. Dr Gallo: Hmm. Penny: And not only am I Leonard's mother, but we have this man-child 巨婴, 大小孩 living with us named Sheldon. Dr Gallo: Oh, Leonard talked a lot about him. I wasn't sure if he was real. Penny: Yeah, he's as real as the fine I get when I use too much toilet paper. Dr Gallo: Wow, you really do have a lot on your plate. Penny: I do. You know, Leonard's right. Talking to you is really helping. Dr Gallo: Oh, I'm glad. You know, you might also benefit from a prescription for anxiety. Penny: Okay, if you think it'll help. Oh, just don't make it Placinex. I do not need sudden fits of homicidal rage 冲动( rage I. Rage is strong anger that is difficult to control. He was red-cheeked 脸红耳赤 with rage. I flew into a rage. He admitted shooting the man in a fit of rage. II. You can refer to the strong anger that someone feels in a particular situation as a particular rage, especially when this results in violent or aggressive behaviour. Cabin crews are reporting up to nine cases of air rage a week. III. When something is popular and fashionable, you can say that it is the rage or all the rage. The 1950s look is all the rage at the moment. verb. I. You say that something powerful or unpleasant rages when it continues with great force or violence. Train services were halted as the fire raged for more than four hours. ...the fierce arguments raging over the future of the Holy City. The war rages 肆虐 on and the time has come to take sides. II. If you rage about something, you speak or think very angrily about it. Monroe was on the phone, raging about her mistreatment by the brothers. Inside, Frannie was raging. 'I can't see it's any of your business,' he raged. raging [reɪdʒɪŋ] I. Raging 汹涌的 water moves very forcefully and violently. The field trip involved crossing a raging torrent. II. Raging fire 火势汹汹的 is very hot and fierce. As he came closer he saw a gigantic wall of raging flame before him. III. Raging is used to describe things, especially bad things, that are very intense. If raging inflation returns, then interest rates will shoot up. There may be the occasional criticism but it's clear there is no raging debate right now. He felt a raging thirst. rage-quit to angrily abandon an activity or situation that has become frustrating, especially a computer game. Every time I was about to rage-quit the game, I found the solution and felt like a boss. I could have rage-quit my job, but instead I now find it satisfying to just be myself. Hopefully he'll rage-quit and let your game continue in peace.).
Thursday, 19 March 2020
bludge VS scrounge VS bum VS mooch VS touch someone for sth VS cadge;
用法学习: 1. cusp [kʌsp] I. in mathematics, for example, the point where two curves meet. II. a time when one situation or stage ends and another begins. the problems confronting Africa on the cusp of the millennium. on the cusp 拐点 If you say that someone or something is on the cusp, you mean they are between two states, or are about to be in a particular state. I am sitting on the cusp of middle age. Mr Short's behaviour is only on the cusp of acceptability. Treasurer Josh Frydenberg says Australia's major banks will reveal today how they will help prop up the ailing economy amid concerns Australia is on the cusp of a recession. set great/much store by something 相信, 期待, 更强调, 更看重 有期许 to believe that something is very important or valuable. to have positive expectations for someone or something; to have high hopes for someone or something. To have much faith, confidence, or belief in someone or something; to very seriously care about, appreciate, or respect someone or something. I've always set great store by his opinion. What would happen if this relationship that she set so much store by ended? French men set more store by brains than breasts and their dating sites offer far more esoteric activities than their British counterparts. set/put/lay (great) store by/on something 看重 to think that something is very important. I've never set much store by money and possessions. esoteric [ˌesəˈterɪk] 小众的, 不广为人知的, 仅限于小范围知道和适用的知识 adj I. restricted to or intended for an enlightened or initiated minority, esp because of abstruseness or obscurity an esoteric cult. known about or understood by very few people. a rather esoteric debate about European tax rules. If you describe something as esoteric, you mean it is known, understood, or appreciated by only a small number of people. ...esoteric knowledge. His esoteric interests set him apart from his contemporaries. II. difficult to understand; abstruse an esoteric statement. III. not openly admitted; private esoteric aims. exoteric [,ɛksəu'tɛrik] 较多人知道的 adj I. intelligible to or intended for more than a select or initiated minority. an exoteric account of a philosophical doctrine. II. external; exterior. wiki: Exoteric refers to knowledge that is outside of and independent from anyone's experience and can be ascertained by anyone. It is distinguished from esoteric knowledge. Exoteric relates to "external reality" as opposed to one's own thoughts or feelings. It is knowledge that is public as opposed to secret or cabalistic. It is not required that exoteric knowledge come easily or automatically, but it should be referenceable or reproducible. The dictionary defines esoteric as information that is understood by a small group or those specially initiated, or of rare or unusual interest. 3. initiate [ɪnɪʃieɪt] verb I. If you initiate something, you start it or cause it to happen. The company initiated a management training program for small businesses. We shall initiate urgent discussions with our European partners. They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics. The trip was initiated by the manager of the community centre. II. If you initiate someone into something, you introduce them to a particular skill or type of knowledge and teach them about it. to introduce someone to a skill, subject, or activity and teach them about it. initiate someone into something: Nicky was initiated into a world of robbery and violence. He initiated her into the study of other cultures. At the age of eleven, Harry was initiated into 被引入, 被介绍进入 the art of golf by his father. Each culture had a special ritual [ˈrɪtʃuəl] to initiate boys into manhood 成年仪式. III. If someone is initiated into something such as a religion, secret society, or social group, they become a member of it by taking part in ceremonies at which they learn its special knowledge or customs. to make someone a member of an organization or group, often with a special ceremony. initiate someone into something 成为其中一员: At the age of 30 they were initiated into the higher ranks of the movement. In many societies, young people are formally initiated into their adult roles. ...the ceremony that initiated members into the Order. noun. An initiate is a person who has been accepted as a member by a particular group or club and been taught its secrets and skills. Chen was an initiate of a Chinese spiritual discipline.
白吃白捡, 有借不还, 空手套白狼, 白要 bludge VS scrounge VS bum VS touch someone for sth VS cadge VS mooch 蹭吃蹭喝, 蹭饭: 0. TBBT1: Howard: Why don't you just clean out the whole room? Take the string art clown I made her in third grade and the ribbon I got in swim class for putting my face in the water. Stuart: What is your problem? She said it was okay. Howard: Well, I'm her son, and I say it's not okay. Stuart: Some son, looks like you spent ten minutes on that clown art. Howard: Well, maybe I should've gone to a fancy art school like you. Then I could run a failed comic shop and mooch off some guy's mother. Bernadette: Why don't we leave so you can cool off? Stuart: I think that's a good idea. Take him out of my store. Howard: Your store? My mother gave you the money to reopen. I'm not going anywhere. Leonard: Why don't we go get the food for the party. Stuart: Thank you. Raj: Smart, looks like we're being helpful. Leonard: Mmm, when really we're just exiting an uncomfortable situation. TBBT2: Howard: If you ever want to change things up, you're always welcome here. Bernadette: Just not in our bedroom, you dumbass. Raj: I appreciate it, but I think staying with Leonard and Penny makes more sense for everyone. Penny: Then it's settled. Raj: And just so you know, it's only temporary. I'm not gonna get too comfortable. Bernadette: Good. Nobody needs a mooch 白吃白喝的, 蹭饭的 living in their house forever. Stuart: Hey, that's no way to talk about your baby. TBBT3: Raj: Why are you being like this? Stuart: Because I love Howard and Bernadette and if I want to keep mooching off them, I need to be helpful. Raj: Hey, this pregnancy had an emotionally-needy third wheel way before you came along. Stuart: Why can't there be four wheels? Raj: Is this what you do when I'm not here, make really good points? Stuart: Look, just come in and help me build a baby swing. TBBT4: Leonard: Satisfied? Sheldon: Hardly. Consider this unlikely but very plausible scenario. A young woman alone in the big city. Her ridiculous dream of becoming an actress lies shattered about her. Penny: Hey, wait a minute. Howard: Well, hang on. Let's see where he's going. Sheldon: Then it hits her. How is she going to survive? I mean, she has no prospects, no marketable skills. And then one day, she meets a group of geniuses and their friend Howard. Howard: Hey, I… Penny: Hang on. Let's see where he's going. Sheldon: She befriends them, and then lies in wait until 等待时机, 静待时机 they reveal a marketable idea, which she steals and sells to the highest bidder. Leonard: That is ridiculous. Sheldon: Oh, is it? Well let's see you come up with an explanation as to why this woman hangs out with us all the time. Penny: Oh, great. You know what? I've already mooched dinner off you guys. I don't need to listen to this. Howard: There's your answer, free food. 1. bludgeverb intransitive/transitive Australian informal I. 白要. to get things from other people without paying for them. to scrounge from (someone). II. to evade work. noun. a very easy task; undemanding employment. plunge to (one's) death 摔死 To fall from such a great height that one dies upon impact. The whole time we were on the rickety rope bridge, I couldn't help but think we were going to plunge to our death in the river far below. bludgeon [ˈblʌdʒ(ə)n] I. to hit someone hard with a heavy object. bludgeon someone to death 打死, 击打致死: Atkinson had been bludgeoned to death in his flat. II. to force someone to do something by repeated arguments or threats. bludgeon someone into doing something: We were bludgeoned into accepting their offer. 2. scrounge [skraʊndʒ] verb intransitive/transitive [informal, disapproval] to get something that you want by asking someone for it instead of by providing it or paying for it yourself. If you say that someone scrounges something such as food or money, you disapprove of them because they get it by asking for it, rather than by buying it or earning it. Williams had to scrounge enough money to get his car out of the car park. The government did not give them money, forcing them to scrounge for food. scroungers 白吃白捡 (parasite, freeloader [slang], sponger [informal], bum [informal]) They are just scroungers. 3. bum noun. I. Someone's bum is the part of their body which they sit on. II. A bum is a person who has no permanent home or job and who gets money by working occasionally or by asking people for money. III. If someone refers to another person as a bum, they think that person is worthless or irresponsible. [informal, disapproval] You're all a bunch of bums 人渣( loafer, lounger, piker [Australian, New Zealand, slang], dodger ). adj. I. Some people use bum to describe a situation that they find unpleasant or annoying. He knows you're getting a bum deal. II. used for describing a body part that does not work correctly. a bum knee/leg/wrist. bum rap unfair criticism or blame for something. bum bag = a fanny pack. bum steer a piece of false information or bad advice that influences you to do the wrong thing. get/be given the bum's rush to be forced to leave a place where people do not want you. verb. If you bum something off someone, you ask them for it and they give it to you. to ask someone to give you something such as a cigarette, drink, or money without giving them anything in return. I managed to bum the train fare off my dad. Mind if I bum a cigarette? beach bum If you refer to someone as a beach bum, you mean that they spend a lot of time enjoying themselves on the beach or in the sea. bums on seats If the organizers of an event such as a concert want to put bums on seats, they want a lot of people to attend it. He is one of the few players who puts bums on seats. bum around 乱逛, 随便乱走, 随便逛, 走哪是哪 If you bum around, you go from place to place without any particular destination, either for enjoyment or because you have nothing else to do. I think they're just bumming around at the moment, not doing a lot. She went off to bum around the world with a boyfriend. 4. touch somebody for something British English informal to persuade someone to give or lend you something, especially money. He tried to touch me for the taxi fare home. 5. cadge [kædʒ] If someone cadges food, money, or help from you, they ask you for it and succeed in getting it. [mainly British, informal] Can I cadge a cigarette? He could cadge a ride from somebody.
词组: 1. sort fact from fiction 辨明真伪, 辨别真伪, 去伪存真, 发现真相, 剔除谣言: Rumours about coronavirus are spreading like wildfire in China. So let's sort fact from fiction. How we sort fact from fiction as violent attacks unfold in real time? 2. chafe [tʃeɪf] I. [intransitive] to feel annoyed and impatient about something that stops you doing what you want. chafe at/under: We were all beginning to chafe a little under such close supervision. II. 磨. 摩擦, 磨损. [intransitive/ transitive] to rub the skin on a part of your body and make it sore. The collar had been chafing his neck. The straps of the backpack were beginning to chafe. a. [transitive] to rub a part of your body in order to make it warm. III. used in cookery to describe when someone overworks scone dough, so that it ends up with too much air in it. chaff [tʃɑːf] [tʃæf] the outer part of wheat and other grains that is removed before the grains are used. sort/separate the wheat from the chaff (husk玉米皮) 去芜存菁 to show which parts or people are useless and get rid of them. To separate the good or valuable from that which is inferior. When it comes to books, time will separate the wheat from the chaff. Good books will have lasting appeal, and the rest will be forgotten. The managers hoped that the new procedure for evaluating employees would separate the wheat from the chaff. With so many manuscripts arriving daily, it's a challenge to separate the wheat from the chaff and spot the really exceptional ones. skim something off (of) something and skim something off I. Lit. 撇去. to scoop something off the surface of something. (Of is usually retained before pronouns.) The cook skimmed the fat off the stew. The cook skimmed off the fat. II. 去芜存菁. 挑去精英. 掐尖. Fig. to remove a portion of something of value, such as money, from an account. (Of is usually retained before pronouns.) to take the best part of. the teacher skimmed off the able pupils for his class. The auditor was skimming a few dollars a day off the bank's cash flow. Kelly skimmed off a few dollars each day. During its two-hour-plus-expanse( expanse [ikˈspæns] n I. an uninterrupted surface of something that spreads or extends, esp over a wide area; stretch. an expanse of water. II. expansion or extension. ), the loud and proud show is skimming the cream of today's pop brand names, which kicked off with a highly theatrical performance from Gaga of her new single, "Applause." It serves as a tease for her upcoming album, "ARTPOP," out Nov. 11th. Cream skimming 掐尖 is a pejorative conceptual metaphor used to refer to the perceived business practice of a company providing a product or a service to only the high-value or low-cost customers 优质客户 of that product or service. The term derives from the practice of extracting cream from fresh milk at a dairy, in which a separator draws off the cream (which is lighter, and floats) from fresh or raw milk. The cream has now been "skimmed" or captured separately from the fresh milk. The idea behind the concept of cream skimming in business is that the "cream" - high value or low-cost customers, who are more profitable to serve - would be captured by some suppliers (typically by charging less than the previous higher prices, but still making a profit), leaving the more expensive or harder to service customers without the desired product or service at all or "dumping" them on some default provider, who is left with less of the higher value customers whom, in some cases, would have provided extra revenue to subsidize or reduce the cost to service the higher-cost customers, and the loss of the higher value customers might actually require the default provider to have to raise prices to cover the lost revenue, thus making things worse. Whether or not the perceived negative effects of cream skimming actually do occur - or only occur in limited circumstances - is a matter of judgment and debate. 3. separate the men from the boys = separate the sheep from the goats To distinguish or separate the experienced, competent, or strong participants from those who are not. We've had some easy games so far in the season, but this next one is going to separate the men from the boys. This is a business that separates the men from the boys—don't get involved unless you have what it takes. Fig. to separate the competent from those who are less competent. (Not necessarily just about males.) This is the kind of task that separates the men from the boys. Working in a challenging place like this really separates the sheep from the goats.
contain VS confine VS curb VS curtail (控制疫情: contain, curb) VS restrain VS constrain: contain [kənˈteɪn] I. a container, envelope, room, etc. that contains something has something inside it. If something such as a box, bag, room, or place contains things, those things are inside it. The bag contained a Christmas card. Factory shops contain a wide range of cheap furnishings. The 77,000-acre estate contains five of the highest peaks in Scotland. The envelope contained a few dried rose petals. There were four or five boxes containing toys and books. a. if an area contains something, you will find that thing there. The area contains some of the richest geological deposits in the country. II. if a substance contains something, that thing is a part of it. If a substance contains something, that thing is a part of it. Greek yogurt contains 含有, 包含 much less fat than double cream. Most of that old paint contains lead, which is hazardous if ingested. Brown rice contains a lot of vitamins and minerals. a. to include something, or to have it as a part. The information you need is contained in this report. b. If writing, speech, or film contains particular information, ideas, or images, it includes them. This sheet contained a list of problems a patient might like to raise with the doctor. The two discs also contain two of Britten's lesser-known song-cycles. c. If a group or organization contains a certain number of people, those are the people that are in it. The committee contains 11 Democrats and nine Republicans. III. to control or hide an emotion. If you cannot contain a feeling such as excitement or anger, or if you cannot contain yourself, you cannot prevent yourself from showing your feelings. He was bursting with curiosity and just couldn't contain himself. Evans could barely contain his delight: 'I'm so proud of her,' he said. I couldn't contain my excitement any longer 控制脾气, 控制情绪, 控制心情 (curb your emotions). self-contained I. You can describe someone or something as self-contained when they are complete and separate and do not need help or resources from outside. He seems completely self-contained 自给自足的 and he doesn't miss you when you're not there. ...self-contained economic blocs. II. Self-contained accommodation 什么都有的, 什么都是独立的 such as a flat has all its own facilities, so that a person living there does not have to share rooms such as a kitchen or bathroom with other people. contain yourself to not show your emotions. She could hardly contain herself when she saw him arrive. barely/hardly contain something 几乎不加控制: Laura barely contained her fury. IV. to prevent something harmful from spreading to other people or places. If you contain something, you control it and prevent it from spreading or increasing. More than a hundred firefighters are still trying to contain the fire at the plant. The city authorities said the curfew had contained the violence. Firefighters are still battling to contain the blaze. Strong measures are urgently needed to contain 控制散播, 控制传播 the epidemic. a. to keep something within limits. Our main task is to contain 控制开支, 控制支出 expenditure within a budget. confine [kənˈfaɪn] confines noun. [kɒnfaɪnz] I. usually passive to force someone to stay in a place and prevent them from leaving. If someone is confined to a mental institution, prison, or other place, they are sent there and are not allowed to leave for a period of time. The woman will be confined to a mental institution. He announced that the army and police had been confined to barracks. confine someone to something: Many prisoners are confined to their cells for long periods of time. a. to make someone stay in a place because they are too ill, weak, or disabled to leave. confine someone to something: Ill health kept him confined to his room. If you confine yourself or your activities to something, you do only that thing and are involved with nothing else. He did not confine himself to the one language. Yoko had largely confined her activities to the world of big business. His genius was not confined to 不局限于 the decoration of buildings. II. to prevent something dangerous from spreading. To confine something to a particular place or group means to prevent it from spreading beyond that place or group. Health officials have successfully confined the epidemic to the Tabatinga area. The U.S. will soon be taking steps to confine the conflict. confine something to something: They managed to confine 控制 the fire to the engine room. III. always passive if something is confined to one area or group of people, it happens only in that area or affects only that group of people. I like men a lot, and I have great male friends. But did I really need to travel 6,000 miles across the Atlantic to learn that being a complete dolt (A stupid person; a dunce.) is not confined to men in the UK? be confined to someone/something 仅限于: Before 1914 divorce was largely confined to the upper classes. The risk of infection is confined to relatively small groups. a. formal to keep an activity within particular limits. confine something to something: I shall attempt to confine 限定范围 the discussion to broad principles. noun. Something that is within the confines of an area or place is within the boundaries enclosing it. The movie is set entirely within the confines 禁锢 of the abandoned factory. ...the wild grass and weeds that grew in the confines of 在有限范围内 the grandstand. curtail [kɜrˈteɪl] 限制, 减少 to reduce or limit something, especially something good. If you curtail something, you reduce or limit it. If you curtail something, you reduce or limit it. NATO plans to curtail the number of troops being sent to the region. I told Louie that old age would curtail her activities in time. His powers will be severely curtailed. reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on. To curtail something is to slow it down, put restrictions on it, or stop it entirely. If I give up cake, I am curtailing my cake-eating. "civil liberties were further curtailed". vocabulary: Curtail is an official-sounding word for stopping or slowing things down. The police try to curtail crime — they want there to be less crime in the world. A company may want to curtail their employees' computer time, so they spend more time working and less time goofing around. Teachers try to curtail whispering and note-passing in class. When something is curtailed, it's either stopped entirely or stopped quite a bit — it's cut short. In a statement issued on the stroke of the Lunar New Year, China's National Radio and Television administration said an investigation found BBC World News' China-related reports had "seriously violated" regulations, including that news should be "truthful and fair", had harmed China's national interests and undermined national unity. 英外交部长: China's decision to ban BBC World News in mainland China is an unacceptable curtailing of media freedom. NATO plans to curtail the number of troops being sent to the region. I told Louie that old age would curtail her activities in time. His powers will be severely curtailed. a government attempt to curtail debate. A year after the Christchurch massacre, hate crime experts say technology platforms and law enforcement agencies are failing to curtail the white supremacy ideologies that drove the killings. curb noun. I. American the edge of a sidewalk (=path built beside a road) that is closest to the road. The British word is kerb. A car drew up to the curb and stopped. II. a rule or control that stops or limits something. curb on: Curbs on the use of mountain bikes in the forest are being called for. curb verb. I. If you curb something, you control it and keep it within limits. ...advertisements aimed at curbing the spread of the disease. The City on Wednesday made a historic decision in a bid to curb (contain) the spread of the virus. He called for energy consumption to be curbed. He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. to control or limit something that is harmful. Increased interest rates should curb inflation. Partisan politics 党派之争, 党派斗争, for most of us, stopped at the water's edge. I hope that they stay stopped – for the sake of America – regardless of what party is in power. This does not mean that we cannot have earnest, honest, even vehement domestic differences of opinion on foreign policy. It is no curb on 不是限制 free opinion or free speech. But it does mean that they should not root themselves in partisanship 太深入于派系斗争( be rooted in something to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it The country's economic troubles are rooted in a string of global crises. This feeling of rejection is often deeply rooted in childhood. ). II. If you curb an emotion 控制感情, 控制情绪 or your behaviour 控制行为 (contain your emotions), you keep it under control. to control an emotion or way of behaving that could cause problems. You'd better curb that temper of yours. He curbed his temper 控制脾气. You must curb your extravagant tastes. jump the curb 开上了人行道 if a vehicle or driver jumps the curb, they drive up onto the sidewalk. Restraint is the act of holding something back. For example, if you exercise restraint over your emotions 控制情绪, you won't burst out into tears in public. act with restraint. show restraint 极大的忍耐, 极大的克制, 能忍耐. restraint [rɪˈstreɪnt] I. [uncountable] the limit or control of the expression of strong emotion or opinion. The President sent a letter to both nations urging 敦促, 督促 restraint. II. [countable] an act of limiting or controlling something, or a situation in which this happens, especially in business or politics. the use of wage restraint to curb inflation. III. [countable] something that holds you and physically controls your movements, often to protect your safety. mandatory seat belts and head restraints. IV. [uncountable] the act or process of stopping the free movement of a person or the free progress of an activity. He left of his own free will and not under restraint. restraint of trade the act of preventing free competition in business, in a way that is unfair. judicial restraint the principle that judges should base their court decisions on written laws and legal precedent, without considering their personal and political opinions. exercise restraint (self-restrain 自我克制, 自我约束): We need to exercise restraint on spending. over-the-shoulder restraint on an amusement ride, a device which locks over your shoulders and stops you from falling out. restraint of trade the act of preventing free competition in business, in a way that is unfair. constraint [kənˈstreɪnt] 束缚, 约束, 别人加的限制 (restraint [rɪˈstreɪnt] 是自己对自己的克制, 忍耐) I. [countable] [often plural] something that limits your freedom to do what you want. something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits: The constraints of politeness wouldn't allow her to say what she really thought about his cooking. Financial constraints on the company are preventing them from employing new staff. The organization has to operate within the usual democratic constraints. financial/ environmental/ budget constraints. constraint on: constraints on presidential power. II. [uncountable] formal behavior that is very controlled and not natural, usually because you are embarrassed. stiffness of manner and inhibition in relations between people. unnatural behaviour that is sometimes the result of forcing yourself to act in a particular way: She tried to appear friendly, but her constraint was obvious. "they would be able to talk without constraint 拘谨, 无拘无束的, 拘束的 (constrained: behaving in a way that is very controlled and not natural)". under constraint formal If you do something under constraint, you do it only because you have been forced to: They confessed, but only under severe constraint. stifle I. If someone stifles something you consider to be a good thing, they prevent it from continuing.压制, 抑制. 强压怒火 Regulations on children stifled creativity抑制了创造性. II. If you stifle a yawn or laugh 强控制住, you prevent yourself from yawning or laughing. 忍住笑声, 忍住呵欠, 压下去. She makes no attempt to stifle a yawn. III. If you stifle your natural feelings or behaviour 压抑住, 扼制住, you prevent yourself from having those feelings or behaving in that way. 控制 (感情或行为). It is best to stifle curiosity and leave birds' nests alone. stamp down ( conquer, inhibit, suppress, subdue, curb, dampen )(quell, squelch, quench suppress or crush completely; "squelch any sign of dissent" 压下不满; "quench 镇压反叛 a rebellion". curb, hold in, control, moderate, contain, check, hold 控制情绪等 - lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger". ) to put down by force or authority; "suppress a nascent uprising"; "stamp down on littering"; "conquer one's desires".
白吃白捡, 有借不还, 空手套白狼, 白要 bludge VS scrounge VS bum VS touch someone for sth VS cadge VS mooch 蹭吃蹭喝, 蹭饭: 0. TBBT1: Howard: Why don't you just clean out the whole room? Take the string art clown I made her in third grade and the ribbon I got in swim class for putting my face in the water. Stuart: What is your problem? She said it was okay. Howard: Well, I'm her son, and I say it's not okay. Stuart: Some son, looks like you spent ten minutes on that clown art. Howard: Well, maybe I should've gone to a fancy art school like you. Then I could run a failed comic shop and mooch off some guy's mother. Bernadette: Why don't we leave so you can cool off? Stuart: I think that's a good idea. Take him out of my store. Howard: Your store? My mother gave you the money to reopen. I'm not going anywhere. Leonard: Why don't we go get the food for the party. Stuart: Thank you. Raj: Smart, looks like we're being helpful. Leonard: Mmm, when really we're just exiting an uncomfortable situation. TBBT2: Howard: If you ever want to change things up, you're always welcome here. Bernadette: Just not in our bedroom, you dumbass. Raj: I appreciate it, but I think staying with Leonard and Penny makes more sense for everyone. Penny: Then it's settled. Raj: And just so you know, it's only temporary. I'm not gonna get too comfortable. Bernadette: Good. Nobody needs a mooch 白吃白喝的, 蹭饭的 living in their house forever. Stuart: Hey, that's no way to talk about your baby. TBBT3: Raj: Why are you being like this? Stuart: Because I love Howard and Bernadette and if I want to keep mooching off them, I need to be helpful. Raj: Hey, this pregnancy had an emotionally-needy third wheel way before you came along. Stuart: Why can't there be four wheels? Raj: Is this what you do when I'm not here, make really good points? Stuart: Look, just come in and help me build a baby swing. TBBT4: Leonard: Satisfied? Sheldon: Hardly. Consider this unlikely but very plausible scenario. A young woman alone in the big city. Her ridiculous dream of becoming an actress lies shattered about her. Penny: Hey, wait a minute. Howard: Well, hang on. Let's see where he's going. Sheldon: Then it hits her. How is she going to survive? I mean, she has no prospects, no marketable skills. And then one day, she meets a group of geniuses and their friend Howard. Howard: Hey, I… Penny: Hang on. Let's see where he's going. Sheldon: She befriends them, and then lies in wait until 等待时机, 静待时机 they reveal a marketable idea, which she steals and sells to the highest bidder. Leonard: That is ridiculous. Sheldon: Oh, is it? Well let's see you come up with an explanation as to why this woman hangs out with us all the time. Penny: Oh, great. You know what? I've already mooched dinner off you guys. I don't need to listen to this. Howard: There's your answer, free food. 1. bludgeverb intransitive/transitive Australian informal I. 白要. to get things from other people without paying for them. to scrounge from (someone). II. to evade work. noun. a very easy task; undemanding employment. plunge to (one's) death 摔死 To fall from such a great height that one dies upon impact. The whole time we were on the rickety rope bridge, I couldn't help but think we were going to plunge to our death in the river far below. bludgeon [ˈblʌdʒ(ə)n] I. to hit someone hard with a heavy object. bludgeon someone to death 打死, 击打致死: Atkinson had been bludgeoned to death in his flat. II. to force someone to do something by repeated arguments or threats. bludgeon someone into doing something: We were bludgeoned into accepting their offer. 2. scrounge [skraʊndʒ] verb intransitive/transitive [informal, disapproval] to get something that you want by asking someone for it instead of by providing it or paying for it yourself. If you say that someone scrounges something such as food or money, you disapprove of them because they get it by asking for it, rather than by buying it or earning it. Williams had to scrounge enough money to get his car out of the car park. The government did not give them money, forcing them to scrounge for food. scroungers 白吃白捡 (parasite, freeloader [slang], sponger [informal], bum [informal]) They are just scroungers. 3. bum noun. I. Someone's bum is the part of their body which they sit on. II. A bum is a person who has no permanent home or job and who gets money by working occasionally or by asking people for money. III. If someone refers to another person as a bum, they think that person is worthless or irresponsible. [informal, disapproval] You're all a bunch of bums 人渣( loafer, lounger, piker [Australian, New Zealand, slang], dodger ). adj. I. Some people use bum to describe a situation that they find unpleasant or annoying. He knows you're getting a bum deal. II. used for describing a body part that does not work correctly. a bum knee/leg/wrist. bum rap unfair criticism or blame for something. bum bag = a fanny pack. bum steer a piece of false information or bad advice that influences you to do the wrong thing. get/be given the bum's rush to be forced to leave a place where people do not want you. verb. If you bum something off someone, you ask them for it and they give it to you. to ask someone to give you something such as a cigarette, drink, or money without giving them anything in return. I managed to bum the train fare off my dad. Mind if I bum a cigarette? beach bum If you refer to someone as a beach bum, you mean that they spend a lot of time enjoying themselves on the beach or in the sea. bums on seats If the organizers of an event such as a concert want to put bums on seats, they want a lot of people to attend it. He is one of the few players who puts bums on seats. bum around 乱逛, 随便乱走, 随便逛, 走哪是哪 If you bum around, you go from place to place without any particular destination, either for enjoyment or because you have nothing else to do. I think they're just bumming around at the moment, not doing a lot. She went off to bum around the world with a boyfriend. 4. touch somebody for something British English informal to persuade someone to give or lend you something, especially money. He tried to touch me for the taxi fare home. 5. cadge [kædʒ] If someone cadges food, money, or help from you, they ask you for it and succeed in getting it. [mainly British, informal] Can I cadge a cigarette? He could cadge a ride from somebody.
词组: 1. sort fact from fiction 辨明真伪, 辨别真伪, 去伪存真, 发现真相, 剔除谣言: Rumours about coronavirus are spreading like wildfire in China. So let's sort fact from fiction. How we sort fact from fiction as violent attacks unfold in real time? 2. chafe [tʃeɪf] I. [intransitive] to feel annoyed and impatient about something that stops you doing what you want. chafe at/under: We were all beginning to chafe a little under such close supervision. II. 磨. 摩擦, 磨损. [intransitive/ transitive] to rub the skin on a part of your body and make it sore. The collar had been chafing his neck. The straps of the backpack were beginning to chafe. a. [transitive] to rub a part of your body in order to make it warm. III. used in cookery to describe when someone overworks scone dough, so that it ends up with too much air in it. chaff [tʃɑːf] [tʃæf] the outer part of wheat and other grains that is removed before the grains are used. sort/separate the wheat from the chaff (husk玉米皮) 去芜存菁 to show which parts or people are useless and get rid of them. To separate the good or valuable from that which is inferior. When it comes to books, time will separate the wheat from the chaff. Good books will have lasting appeal, and the rest will be forgotten. The managers hoped that the new procedure for evaluating employees would separate the wheat from the chaff. With so many manuscripts arriving daily, it's a challenge to separate the wheat from the chaff and spot the really exceptional ones. skim something off (of) something and skim something off I. Lit. 撇去. to scoop something off the surface of something. (Of is usually retained before pronouns.) The cook skimmed the fat off the stew. The cook skimmed off the fat. II. 去芜存菁. 挑去精英. 掐尖. Fig. to remove a portion of something of value, such as money, from an account. (Of is usually retained before pronouns.) to take the best part of. the teacher skimmed off the able pupils for his class. The auditor was skimming a few dollars a day off the bank's cash flow. Kelly skimmed off a few dollars each day. During its two-hour-plus-expanse( expanse [ikˈspæns] n I. an uninterrupted surface of something that spreads or extends, esp over a wide area; stretch. an expanse of water. II. expansion or extension. ), the loud and proud show is skimming the cream of today's pop brand names, which kicked off with a highly theatrical performance from Gaga of her new single, "Applause." It serves as a tease for her upcoming album, "ARTPOP," out Nov. 11th. Cream skimming 掐尖 is a pejorative conceptual metaphor used to refer to the perceived business practice of a company providing a product or a service to only the high-value or low-cost customers 优质客户 of that product or service. The term derives from the practice of extracting cream from fresh milk at a dairy, in which a separator draws off the cream (which is lighter, and floats) from fresh or raw milk. The cream has now been "skimmed" or captured separately from the fresh milk. The idea behind the concept of cream skimming in business is that the "cream" - high value or low-cost customers, who are more profitable to serve - would be captured by some suppliers (typically by charging less than the previous higher prices, but still making a profit), leaving the more expensive or harder to service customers without the desired product or service at all or "dumping" them on some default provider, who is left with less of the higher value customers whom, in some cases, would have provided extra revenue to subsidize or reduce the cost to service the higher-cost customers, and the loss of the higher value customers might actually require the default provider to have to raise prices to cover the lost revenue, thus making things worse. Whether or not the perceived negative effects of cream skimming actually do occur - or only occur in limited circumstances - is a matter of judgment and debate. 3. separate the men from the boys = separate the sheep from the goats To distinguish or separate the experienced, competent, or strong participants from those who are not. We've had some easy games so far in the season, but this next one is going to separate the men from the boys. This is a business that separates the men from the boys—don't get involved unless you have what it takes. Fig. to separate the competent from those who are less competent. (Not necessarily just about males.) This is the kind of task that separates the men from the boys. Working in a challenging place like this really separates the sheep from the goats.
contain VS confine VS curb VS curtail (控制疫情: contain, curb) VS restrain VS constrain: contain [kənˈteɪn] I. a container, envelope, room, etc. that contains something has something inside it. If something such as a box, bag, room, or place contains things, those things are inside it. The bag contained a Christmas card. Factory shops contain a wide range of cheap furnishings. The 77,000-acre estate contains five of the highest peaks in Scotland. The envelope contained a few dried rose petals. There were four or five boxes containing toys and books. a. if an area contains something, you will find that thing there. The area contains some of the richest geological deposits in the country. II. if a substance contains something, that thing is a part of it. If a substance contains something, that thing is a part of it. Greek yogurt contains 含有, 包含 much less fat than double cream. Most of that old paint contains lead, which is hazardous if ingested. Brown rice contains a lot of vitamins and minerals. a. to include something, or to have it as a part. The information you need is contained in this report. b. If writing, speech, or film contains particular information, ideas, or images, it includes them. This sheet contained a list of problems a patient might like to raise with the doctor. The two discs also contain two of Britten's lesser-known song-cycles. c. If a group or organization contains a certain number of people, those are the people that are in it. The committee contains 11 Democrats and nine Republicans. III. to control or hide an emotion. If you cannot contain a feeling such as excitement or anger, or if you cannot contain yourself, you cannot prevent yourself from showing your feelings. He was bursting with curiosity and just couldn't contain himself. Evans could barely contain his delight: 'I'm so proud of her,' he said. I couldn't contain my excitement any longer 控制脾气, 控制情绪, 控制心情 (curb your emotions). self-contained I. You can describe someone or something as self-contained when they are complete and separate and do not need help or resources from outside. He seems completely self-contained 自给自足的 and he doesn't miss you when you're not there. ...self-contained economic blocs. II. Self-contained accommodation 什么都有的, 什么都是独立的 such as a flat has all its own facilities, so that a person living there does not have to share rooms such as a kitchen or bathroom with other people. contain yourself to not show your emotions. She could hardly contain herself when she saw him arrive. barely/hardly contain something 几乎不加控制: Laura barely contained her fury. IV. to prevent something harmful from spreading to other people or places. If you contain something, you control it and prevent it from spreading or increasing. More than a hundred firefighters are still trying to contain the fire at the plant. The city authorities said the curfew had contained the violence. Firefighters are still battling to contain the blaze. Strong measures are urgently needed to contain 控制散播, 控制传播 the epidemic. a. to keep something within limits. Our main task is to contain 控制开支, 控制支出 expenditure within a budget. confine [kənˈfaɪn] confines noun. [kɒnfaɪnz] I. usually passive to force someone to stay in a place and prevent them from leaving. If someone is confined to a mental institution, prison, or other place, they are sent there and are not allowed to leave for a period of time. The woman will be confined to a mental institution. He announced that the army and police had been confined to barracks. confine someone to something: Many prisoners are confined to their cells for long periods of time. a. to make someone stay in a place because they are too ill, weak, or disabled to leave. confine someone to something: Ill health kept him confined to his room. If you confine yourself or your activities to something, you do only that thing and are involved with nothing else. He did not confine himself to the one language. Yoko had largely confined her activities to the world of big business. His genius was not confined to 不局限于 the decoration of buildings. II. to prevent something dangerous from spreading. To confine something to a particular place or group means to prevent it from spreading beyond that place or group. Health officials have successfully confined the epidemic to the Tabatinga area. The U.S. will soon be taking steps to confine the conflict. confine something to something: They managed to confine 控制 the fire to the engine room. III. always passive if something is confined to one area or group of people, it happens only in that area or affects only that group of people. I like men a lot, and I have great male friends. But did I really need to travel 6,000 miles across the Atlantic to learn that being a complete dolt (A stupid person; a dunce.) is not confined to men in the UK? be confined to someone/something 仅限于: Before 1914 divorce was largely confined to the upper classes. The risk of infection is confined to relatively small groups. a. formal to keep an activity within particular limits. confine something to something: I shall attempt to confine 限定范围 the discussion to broad principles. noun. Something that is within the confines of an area or place is within the boundaries enclosing it. The movie is set entirely within the confines 禁锢 of the abandoned factory. ...the wild grass and weeds that grew in the confines of 在有限范围内 the grandstand. curtail [kɜrˈteɪl] 限制, 减少 to reduce or limit something, especially something good. If you curtail something, you reduce or limit it. If you curtail something, you reduce or limit it. NATO plans to curtail the number of troops being sent to the region. I told Louie that old age would curtail her activities in time. His powers will be severely curtailed. reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on. To curtail something is to slow it down, put restrictions on it, or stop it entirely. If I give up cake, I am curtailing my cake-eating. "civil liberties were further curtailed". vocabulary: Curtail is an official-sounding word for stopping or slowing things down. The police try to curtail crime — they want there to be less crime in the world. A company may want to curtail their employees' computer time, so they spend more time working and less time goofing around. Teachers try to curtail whispering and note-passing in class. When something is curtailed, it's either stopped entirely or stopped quite a bit — it's cut short. In a statement issued on the stroke of the Lunar New Year, China's National Radio and Television administration said an investigation found BBC World News' China-related reports had "seriously violated" regulations, including that news should be "truthful and fair", had harmed China's national interests and undermined national unity. 英外交部长: China's decision to ban BBC World News in mainland China is an unacceptable curtailing of media freedom. NATO plans to curtail the number of troops being sent to the region. I told Louie that old age would curtail her activities in time. His powers will be severely curtailed. a government attempt to curtail debate. A year after the Christchurch massacre, hate crime experts say technology platforms and law enforcement agencies are failing to curtail the white supremacy ideologies that drove the killings. curb noun. I. American the edge of a sidewalk (=path built beside a road) that is closest to the road. The British word is kerb. A car drew up to the curb and stopped. II. a rule or control that stops or limits something. curb on: Curbs on the use of mountain bikes in the forest are being called for. curb verb. I. If you curb something, you control it and keep it within limits. ...advertisements aimed at curbing the spread of the disease. The City on Wednesday made a historic decision in a bid to curb (contain) the spread of the virus. He called for energy consumption to be curbed. He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. to control or limit something that is harmful. Increased interest rates should curb inflation. Partisan politics 党派之争, 党派斗争, for most of us, stopped at the water's edge. I hope that they stay stopped – for the sake of America – regardless of what party is in power. This does not mean that we cannot have earnest, honest, even vehement domestic differences of opinion on foreign policy. It is no curb on 不是限制 free opinion or free speech. But it does mean that they should not root themselves in partisanship 太深入于派系斗争( be rooted in something to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it The country's economic troubles are rooted in a string of global crises. This feeling of rejection is often deeply rooted in childhood. ). II. If you curb an emotion 控制感情, 控制情绪 or your behaviour 控制行为 (contain your emotions), you keep it under control. to control an emotion or way of behaving that could cause problems. You'd better curb that temper of yours. He curbed his temper 控制脾气. You must curb your extravagant tastes. jump the curb 开上了人行道 if a vehicle or driver jumps the curb, they drive up onto the sidewalk. Restraint is the act of holding something back. For example, if you exercise restraint over your emotions 控制情绪, you won't burst out into tears in public. act with restraint. show restraint 极大的忍耐, 极大的克制, 能忍耐. restraint [rɪˈstreɪnt] I. [uncountable] the limit or control of the expression of strong emotion or opinion. The President sent a letter to both nations urging 敦促, 督促 restraint. II. [countable] an act of limiting or controlling something, or a situation in which this happens, especially in business or politics. the use of wage restraint to curb inflation. III. [countable] something that holds you and physically controls your movements, often to protect your safety. mandatory seat belts and head restraints. IV. [uncountable] the act or process of stopping the free movement of a person or the free progress of an activity. He left of his own free will and not under restraint. restraint of trade the act of preventing free competition in business, in a way that is unfair. judicial restraint the principle that judges should base their court decisions on written laws and legal precedent, without considering their personal and political opinions. exercise restraint (self-restrain 自我克制, 自我约束): We need to exercise restraint on spending. over-the-shoulder restraint on an amusement ride, a device which locks over your shoulders and stops you from falling out. restraint of trade the act of preventing free competition in business, in a way that is unfair. constraint [kənˈstreɪnt] 束缚, 约束, 别人加的限制 (restraint [rɪˈstreɪnt] 是自己对自己的克制, 忍耐) I. [countable] [often plural] something that limits your freedom to do what you want. something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits: The constraints of politeness wouldn't allow her to say what she really thought about his cooking. Financial constraints on the company are preventing them from employing new staff. The organization has to operate within the usual democratic constraints. financial/ environmental/ budget constraints. constraint on: constraints on presidential power. II. [uncountable] formal behavior that is very controlled and not natural, usually because you are embarrassed. stiffness of manner and inhibition in relations between people. unnatural behaviour that is sometimes the result of forcing yourself to act in a particular way: She tried to appear friendly, but her constraint was obvious. "they would be able to talk without constraint 拘谨, 无拘无束的, 拘束的 (constrained: behaving in a way that is very controlled and not natural)". under constraint formal If you do something under constraint, you do it only because you have been forced to: They confessed, but only under severe constraint. stifle I. If someone stifles something you consider to be a good thing, they prevent it from continuing.压制, 抑制. 强压怒火 Regulations on children stifled creativity抑制了创造性. II. If you stifle a yawn or laugh 强控制住, you prevent yourself from yawning or laughing. 忍住笑声, 忍住呵欠, 压下去. She makes no attempt to stifle a yawn. III. If you stifle your natural feelings or behaviour 压抑住, 扼制住, you prevent yourself from having those feelings or behaving in that way. 控制 (感情或行为). It is best to stifle curiosity and leave birds' nests alone. stamp down ( conquer, inhibit, suppress, subdue, curb, dampen )(quell, squelch, quench suppress or crush completely; "squelch any sign of dissent" 压下不满; "quench 镇压反叛 a rebellion". curb, hold in, control, moderate, contain, check, hold 控制情绪等 - lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger". ) to put down by force or authority; "suppress a nascent uprising"; "stamp down on littering"; "conquer one's desires".
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