岔开sidetrack VS divert VS deflect VS distract; 浸入, 泡入,submerge VS immerse VS engross; 纵容, 放纵, 迎合 indulge, enable, pamper, pander, cater, connive, accomodate, abet

用法学习: 1. draw/paint a picture (of something) to describe or show something in a particular way: The statistics do not paint an optimistic picture. to create an idea or understanding of (something or someone) through words, facts, etc. The author paints a disturbing picture of life in the camp. These statistics draw a clear picture of how the population is aging. show/see/portray somebody in a good/bad etc light if an action shows you in a good or bad light, it makes people have a good or bad opinion of you During an interview, you need to show yourself in the best possible light. He was angry because the film didn't portray him in a good light. A candidate's policy is important, but it matters more to be seen by voters in a good light. show/portray/see/put someone in a bad light...看起来像坏人, 搞得...好像坏人 to make someone seem to be a bad person: He was concerned that the article had shown him in a bad light. in a good/bad light under favorable (or unfavorable) circumstances: She worshiped him, but then she'd only seen him in a good light 只看得到好. paint someone in a good light: The retired Hollywood lighting director was found to be colluding with 合谋, 串通 photographers who took pictures of him getting ready for the wedding. He says this was only done to try and paint him in a positive light. paint a terrible, depressing, rosy, etc. picture (of somebody/ something) 说的很糟糕, 描述的很糟糕 describe something in a particular way; give a particular impression of somebody/something, often a negative one: You paint a depressing picture of your childhood! People who don't like students paint the worst possible picture of their behaviour. The book paints a vivid picture of life in the city. portray [pɔː(r)ˈtreɪ] 描述, 描绘 I. to show or describe someone or something in a particular way. portray someone as something: Opponents portray the president as weak and ineffectual. portray someone in a good/bad light (=make them seem good or bad): The newspapers want to portray the project in the worst possible light. a. to show something by featuring it in a film, book, play etc. The book portrays Caribbean society against a background of the French Revolution. II. if an actor portrays 刻画, 表现人物 a person, they play the part of that person in a film, play etc. another coat of paint 再多一点, 再少一点, 差那么一点点, 差之毫厘谬以千里 The narrowest of margins. The phrase was used in such instances as a ballplayer's commenting that "that pitch came awfully close," to which the batter replied, "Yeah, another coat of paint, and I'd have been a goner." paint (something) with a broad brush 概括的说, 以偏概全得说 To describe or characterize something in very general, vague, or broad terms, ignoring or neglecting to include specific details. When asked about how she would stabilize the economy, the candidate painted her plan with a broad brush, resorting to vague claims about creating jobs and getting people back to work. painted with the same brush 被归为一类人, 被以偏概全 Unfairly judged or categorized as being the same as another person or thing, usually in a negative manner. Just because the CEO turned out to be a rotten scoundrel doesn't mean the entire company should be painted the with the same brush. There is absolutely a segment of video game enthusiasts who create a hostile and toxic environment online, but I hate the fact that anyone who enjoys video gamers is painted with the same brush. box/ paint/ back yourself into a corner 逼入死角 If you paint yourself into a corner or box yourself into a corner, you create difficulties for yourself by your own actions. The Government has painted itself into a corner on the issue of equalising the State pension age. You've boxed yourself into a corner, haven't you? You have no one to blame but yourself. Note: You can also say that someone paints you into a corner or boxes you into a corner, meaning they force you into a difficult situation. You'll fight to the death when you're boxed into a corner unless you're provided with a reasonable way out. expeditious [ˌekspəˈdɪʃəs] 速战速决的, 快速有效的 quick and effective. Expeditious means quick and efficient. The judge said that arbitration was a fair and expeditious decision-making process.  The matter has certainly been handled expeditiously by the authorities. expedite [ˈekspəˌdaɪt] verb to make something happen quickly or easily. Aid workers are trying to expedite the process of 加速进程 returning refugees to their homes. expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] I. a long trip organized for a particular purpose, especially to a dangerous or distant place. expedition to: the 1910 expedition to Antarctica led by Captain Scott. make/mount/undertake an expedition: We are hoping to mount the first manned expedition 征途 to Mars by 2020. on an expedition: She died while on an expedition to Peru to study nocturnal mammals. a. a group of people who go on an expedition. The expedition successfully reached the top of Mt. Everest. II. a short trip somewhere, especially for pleasure. We plan to go on a shopping expedition. III. a long journey made by soldiers in order to attack a particular place or group of people. Rumors spread amongst the rebels that a massive punitive expedition 长途跋涉, 长征 against them was being prepared. fishing expedition an attempt to find out more information by asking a lot of questions. 2. flout [flaʊt] 无视规定, 违反规定 to deliberately refuse to obey a rule or custom. If you flout something such as a law, an order, or an accepted way of behaving, you deliberately do not obey it or follow it. ...illegal campers who persist in flouting the law. Building regulations have been habitually flouted. Skateboarders know they will be prosecuted if they flout the law. NSW Police Commissioner Mick Fuller said police would no longer issue cautions for those flouting self-isolation rules - instead $1000 on-the-spot fines would be handed out. Police could also arrest and charge those repeatedly ignoring health orders, with a maximum penalty of six months in prison. a riot of something I. a lot of different bright colors together. The sky was a riot of red and orange. II. a combination of things that have a powerful effect. a riot of emotions.

 serious 和 severe ([sɪˈvɪr] 更严重) 的区别: Most of us use "serious", when an illness or injury can have a long term effect, or a bad outcome, or lead to a chronic ailment. For instance I might say, "Your son has a serious laceration( 撕裂伤. A jagged wound or cut.) to his leg( lacerate ['læsə,reit] (除了serious表示态度的严肃外, 和servere一样.) (tr) I. to tear (the flesh, etc.) jaggedly. II. to hurt or harrow (the feelings, etc.) adj. [ˈlæsəˌreɪt -rɪt] 犬牙交错的. having edges that are jagged or torn; lacerated. lacerate leaves. )." Critical on the other hand, is usually reserved for the immediate threat of death or further injury by a medical condition. For example, "The lab called to warn us of a critical blood sugar level on this patient. If we don't get it down降下去, he might have a seizure." I would tend to think that "severe" is more serious than "serious." In other words, a serious drought would not be as bad as a "severe drought." "Seriously wounded" would be a difficult thing to recover from but "severely wounded" would include the possibility that the person would not recover from their wounds. severe ([sɪˈvɪr] I. a severe problem is very serious and worrying. Overcrowding in California schools is pretty severe. The reforms have caused severe economic hardship for the poorest members of the population. a. a severe pain, injury, or illness is serious and unpleasant. One of the passengers had suffered severe bruising and serious cuts. II. severe weather is extremely unpleasant and likely to cause harm or damage. Severe thunderstorms are forecast for Tuesday night. III. very strict or extreme. The country has come under severe criticism for its human rights record. The most severe penalty he could get is ten years in prison. a. strict and giving strong punishments when rules are not obeyed. She was equally severe on students who were late for class. IV. unfriendly and not smiling. a severe expression. V. extremely plain in style in a way that is not attractive. a severe hairstyle. VI. needing a lot of effort, skill, or ability. They face a severe test of character against a vastly superior team.

 submerge VS immerse VS brine 盐水浸泡 VS marinade (marinate 腌渍的汁) VS soak VS steep 浸泡, 浸透, 泡着, 泡会儿, 泡在水里: be submerged in (长时间的)花很多时间精力, 沉浸于 be engrossed in(在某一刻, 全情投入, 全神贯注, 聚精会神), be immersed 浸淫于 in (长时间的)全身心投入, 花很多时间, indulge [oneself] in sth 纵情, 放纵. be absorbed in 专注, 专心, 沉迷 . 1. submerge I. transitive to put something completely under water. If something submerges or if you submerge it, it goes below the surface of some water or another liquid. Hippos are unable to submerge in the few remaining water holes. The river burst its banks, submerging an entire village. Floods have submerged 淹没, 吞没 parts of the island, killing 29 people. a. intransitive to go completely under water. II. transitive ​usually passive if something is submerged, it becomes hidden so that people do not notice it or think about it. She felt her individuality 个性 was being submerged 埋没, 吞没, 淹没 by family life. submerge yourself in something 深深介入, 完全介入 to become very involved in something so that you do not think about anything else. If you submerge yourself in an activity, you give all your attention to it and do not think about anything else. He submerges himself in the world of his imagination. She wanted to submerge herself in her writing. 用例: Submerge 浸入, 浸泡 the down duvet into the water spreading it evenly. Allow the cycle to complete, and then put through a second rinse cycle. Small spots and stains can be spot cleaned(A "Spot clean only 哪脏洗哪里" label means that you can only clean the visible spot or stain by hand without subjecting the garment to any dry cleaning, wet cleaning, hand-washing and/or restoration process.). (someone is) absorbed in (something) 太专注于, 太沉迷于 Being "absorbed in" something means that you're paying close attention to it, and not paying much attention to anything else. Here are some things that you can be "absorbed in": absorbed in thought, absorbed in a book, absorbed in your work, absorbed in conversation. Being "absorbed in" something doesn't really have a strongly positive or negative meaning. It's neutral. My father was always too absorbed in his work to pay much attention to me. You don't get along well with your father. When you were a child, he was a busy executive. You're talking to a therapist about the problems that you have with him. You confess this to the therapist. My father was always too absorbed in his work to pay much attention to me. When you're speaking to your father, you should use a term of address such as these: "Dad" is the standard way that most people call their fathers. "Daddy" is how young children might talk call their fathers. Most people stop calling their fathers "Daddy" in their teenage years, but some people continue to do so even as adults. Some groups of people use the word "Pop" to refer to their fathers. It's not as common as "Dad", though. Calling your father "Father" seems extremely formal. engross 全情投入, 全神贯注, 聚精会神: if something engrosses you, you think about nothing else. to occupy one's attention completely; absorb. giving all your attention to something: She was so engrossed by/in the book that she forgot the cookies in the oven. They were so engrossed in/with what they were doing that they didn't hear me come in. indulge I. intransitive/transitive to allow yourself to have or do something that you enjoy. indulge in 纵情于, 尽情享受: an opportunity to indulge in leisure activities like reading. indulge yourself (in something): Indulge yourself – come on a gourmet food weekend. indulge a passion/taste/interest 尽情享受: The new job gave him the chance to indulge his passion for music. a. transitive to allow someone to do what they want or enjoy. He loves his wife and indulges 放纵, 不加管束, 放任自由 his sons. It's part of her agent's job to indulge her whims 纵容, 宽纵. Well, you know I can't cry on stage, and I know you don't like it when I fake it, but... I thought maybe tonight it would come, but... it didn't. That's all I had. Thanks for indulging me 迁就 任由我, 放任自由, 宽容, 我要说的就是这些, 谢谢你纵容我(让我说完). Good night, Charlie. Acting like an indulgent ( 纵容的, 慈善的, 和蔼的, 溺爱的 Showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence; lenient. benignly permissive. dote To show excessive fondness or love. to love to an excessive or foolish degree. to be foolish or weak-minded, esp as a result of old age. parents who dote on their only child. dote on somebody/something to love someone or something a lot, sometimes foolishly or too much. The world is full of people who dote on their pets. doting extravagantly or foolishly loving and indulgent; "adoring grandparents"; "deceiving her preoccupied and doting husband with a young captain"; "hopelessly spoiled by a fond mother".) grandpa, Francis let the boy explore the area undisturbed before tens of thousands of people. b. intransitive/ transitive to have or eat something that you enjoy but that you should not have much of. Many people feel that their vacation is the time to indulge. II. intransitive to become involved in something that people do not approve of. indulge in: He had indulged in affairs with several women. 2. immerse I. If you immerse yourself in something that you are doing, you become completely involved in it. Since then I've lived alone and immersed myself in my career. He's really becoming immersed 全身心投入 in his work. II. If something is immersed in a liquid, someone puts it into the liquid so that it is completely covered. Immerse the egg in boiling water. The electrodes are immersed in 浸入 liquid. Loosen the contents by immersing the bowl in warm water. immerse yourself in something 全身心投入, 花很长时间在...上. 深入, 介入很深, 很深地介入 to spend most of your time doing something or thinking about it Sandra immersed herself in work to try and forget her problems at home. if you are immersed in something, you spend most of your time doing it or thinking about it David was deeply immersed in student politics. 用例: A pickled cucumber (commonly known as a pickle in the United States and Canada or generically as gherkins in the United Kingdom) is a cucumber that has been pickled in a brine, vinegar, or other solution and left to ferment for a period of time, by either immersing 浸泡 the cucumbers in an acidic solution or through souring by lacto-fermentation. 3. soak I. 浸泡. 泡. To immerse in liquid to the point of saturation or thorough permeation: soaked out the grease spots. She soaked the stains out of the dress. "Soak the beans overnight before cooking." I'm going to soak in the bath for a couple of hours. II. Informal To take in or accept mentally, especially eagerly and easily. To allow (especially a liquid) to be absorbed; to take in, receive. (usually + up): soaked up the gossip. I soaked up all the knowledge I could at university. The speaker paused to let her words soak in. III. (tr; usually foll by in or up) (of a permeable solid) to take in (a liquid) by absorption. To penetrate or permeate by saturation. The water soaked into my shoes and gave me wet feet. the earth soaks up rainwater. IV. Informal to drink excessively or make or become drunk. V. (tr) US and Canadian slang to overcharge. VI. (tr) Brit slang to put in pawn 典当, 抵押, 典押, 当掉. To "put in soak"; pawn; pledge: as, he soaked his watch for ten dollars. soak something off (of) something 泡掉 to remove something, such as a label or surface soil, from something by soaking in a liquid. (Of is usually retained before pronouns.) she soaked the labels off the bottles and jars. Please soak off the label. soak something up I. Lit. to gather up moisture or a liquid, using an absorbent cloth, paper, etc. Alice soaked the spill up 吸一下 with a sponge. she soaked up the spilled milk. II. Lit. [for cloth, paper, or other absorbent material] to absorb moisture or a liquid. Please get some paper towels to soak the spill up. The sponge soaked up the orange juice. III. Fig. to learn or absorb some information; to learn much information. 吸收知识. I can't soak information up as fast as I used to be able to. The tourists will soak up anything you tell them. soaked to the skin 湿透 wet clear through one's clothing to the skin. I was caught in the rain and got soaked to the skin. oh, come in and dry off! You must be soaked to the skin. soak的用例: Soaking or Spot Cleaning (直接喷在污渍上) - Is anyone else always faced with this dilemma?: Simply spray onto the affected area and leave sit for two minutes. Next, follow the second step above. You won't believe the results you get from plant based products! For medium to heavy staining, discolourations and brightening whites you can treat the fabric with our Alpha Plus Pre Soak Powder.  Simply add 1x 25g scoop to a bucket and commence soaking. For best results leave soaking for a minimum of 60 minutes. Then pop in the washing machine with our Alpha Plus Laundry Powder. No rinsing prior to putting in the machine required! Some stains can lie for weeks without being noticed, especially if they're rarely worn or used. These stains can be somewhat harder to remove, and will need more time to work out. In the case of long standing stains, it's best to soak the item. Try Vanish Gold Oxi Action Powder. Here are the steps: Add 30g to seven litres of warm water, and leave the garment to soak. For colours, soak for up to two hours. Whites can be soaked for two hours or longer. After the soaking, wring the items out, and add them to the wash. As you can see, Vanish has the potential to take care of stains, even when they're not fresh. If it's not effective first time, then try repeating the procedure again, and for more stain removal tips, take a look at the rest of our articles. Towels or washcloths can be soaked 浸泡 in warm water, wrung (wring)扭干, 挤干 out, and placed on the area. Warm compresses 热敷 can be used to treat a variety of issues, from muscle soreness to joint stiffness. While you can buy heat packs at the pharmacy, it's just as easy to make one yourself with simple, cheap materials you probably already have laying around your house. 4. Tenderizers in the form of naturally occurring enzymes, which can be added to food before cooking; Examples of enzymes used for tenderizing: papain from papaya, bromelain from pineapple and actinidin from kiwifruit; Marinating the meat with vinegar, wine, lemon juice, buttermilk or yogurt; Brining ( brine 盐水浸泡  [uncountable] water that contains a lot of salt. Brine is salty water, especially salty water that is used for preserving food. Soak the walnuts in brine for four or five days. a tin of tuna preserved in brine. In food processing, brining (to brine) 盐水 is treating something with brine or steeping it in brine. Brining is a process similar to marination in which meat or poultry is soaked in brine before cooking. Salt is added to cold water in a container, where the meat is soaked anywhere from 30 minutes to a few days. The amount of time needed to brine depends on the size of the meat. More time is needed for a large turkey compared to a broiler fryer chicken. Similarly with a large roast versus a thin cut of meat. ) the meat in a salt solution (brine); Dry aging of meat at 0 to 2 °C (32 to 36 °F). 5. marinate To allow a sauce or flavoring mixture to absorb into something; to steep or soak something in a marinade to flavor or prepare it for cooking. You'll get a better flavour from the chicken if you marinate it first. (Marination is the process of soaking foods in a seasoned 调味了的, 加了佐料的( I. 老道的. experienced in a particular activity or job. a seasoned traveler/campaigner/performer. II. containing seasonings to improve flavor. flavored If a food is flavored, various ingredients have been added to it so that it has a distinctive flavor. ...meat flavored with herbs. Many of these recipes are highly flavored. ), often acidic, liquid before cooking. It is commonly used to flavor foods and to tenderize 软化, 使变软 tougher cuts of meat. The process may last seconds or days. Different marinades are used in different cuisines. For example, in Indian cuisine the marinade is usually prepared with a mixture of spices. The origin of the word alludes to the use of brine (aqua marina) in the pickling process, which led to the technique of adding flavor by immersion in liquid. The liquid in question, the 'marinade', can be either acidic (made with ingredients such as vinegar, lemon juice, or wine) or enzymatic (made with ingredients such as pineapple, papaya or kiwifruit). In addition to these ingredients, a marinade often contains oils, herbs, and spices to further flavor the food items.) marinade [ˌmærɪˈneɪd] ( soak, steep, immerse)( noun. A marinade is a sauce of oil, vinegar, spices, and herbs, which you pour over meat or fish before you cook it, in order to add flavour, or to make the meat or fish softer. verb.  To marinade means the same as to marinate. Marinade the chicken breasts in the tandoori paste. Leave to marinade for 24 hours.) A seasoned 调味了的, 加了佐料的, often acidic 酸酸的 liquid mixture in which food is marinated, or soaked, usually to flavor and prepare it for cooking. I like to use a lemon marinade with chicken. 6. an Achilles' heel a small fault or weak point in a person or system which might cause them to fail. Usage notes: Achilles was a man in Greek mythology (= an ancient set of stories) who was killed when he was injured on the heel. This was the only part of his body where he could be harmed. During his infancy his mother plunged 投河, 沉水, 沉河, 浸泡 him in the Styx冥河 ( plunge I. 跌入水中. 扎入水中. If something or someone plunges in a particular direction, especially into water, they fall, rush, or throw themselves in that direction. At least 50 people died when a bus plunged into a river. He ran down the steps to the pool terrace and plunged in. ...a plunge into cold water. II. If you plunge an object into 刺进去, 刀刺, 刀扎, 扎入, 扎进去 something, you push it quickly or violently into it. A soldier plunged a bayonet into his body. She plunged her face into a bowl of cold water. I plunged in my knife and fork. III. If a person or thing is plunged into a particular state or situation 陷入, or if they plunge into it, they are suddenly in that state or situation. The government's political and economic reforms threaten to plunge the country into chaos. 8,000 homes were plunged into darkness as electricity cables crashed down. Eddy finds himself plunged into a world of brutal violence. The economy is plunging into recession. That peace often looked like a brief truce before the next plunge into war. IV. If you plunge into an activity or are plunged into it, you suddenly get very involved in it. The two men plunged into discussion. The prince should be plunged into work. Take the opportunity to plunge yourself into your career 投入, 一头扎入. His sudden plunge into the field of international diplomacy is a major surprise. V. If an amount or rate plunges, it decreases quickly and suddenly. His weight began to plunge. The Pound plunged to a new low on the foreign exchange markets yesterday. Shares have plunged from £17 to £7.55. The bank's profits plunged by 87 per cent. Its net profits plunged 73% last year. Japan's banks are in trouble because of bad loans and the stock market plunge. ), thus making his body invulnerable刀枪不入的 except for the heel by which she held him. As a team they're strong on attack but they have a weak defence that might prove to be their Achilles' heel. Vanity was his Achilles heel. 7. steep verb I. (transitive, intransitive) To soak an item (or to be soaked) in liquid in order to gradually add or remove components to or from the item. They steep skins in a tanning solution to create leather. The tea is steeping 需要泡一会儿, 泡茶. A liquid used in a steeping process. Corn steep has many industrial uses. II. (intransitive) To imbue with something. a town steeped in history. steep adj. I. Of a near-vertical gradient; of a slope, surface, curve, etc. that proceeds upward at an angle near vertical. a steep hill or mountain; a steep roof; a steep ascent; a steep barometric gradient. II. (informal) expensive. Twenty quid for a shave? That's a bit steep. III. (of the rake of a ship's mast, or a car's windshield) resulting in a mast or windshield angle that strongly diverges from the perpendicular. The steep rake of the windshield enhances the fast lines of the exterior. steep 的用例: John on Julia's formative years ( formative ['fɔ:mətiv] 长成之年, 性格形成之年. 成长之年. I. of or relating to formation, development, or growth formative years. II. shaping; moulding a formative experience.): "She was steeped ( steep someone in something 沉浸在, 埋头于, 置身于 Fig. to immerse someone in some kind of knowledge or other experience; to saturate someone with some kind of experience or training. (Fig. on steep something in something.) Her parents steeped her in good literature and music. She steeped herself in the legends of her people. little steep/priecy Fig. relatively expensive; costing more than one wants to pay. The food here is a little pricey, but you get a lot of it.  steep something in something 浸泡 to soak something in a liquid. I steeped the shirt in red dye. You have to steep these herbs in steamy hot water for five minutes. It's/That's a bit steep! (British & Australian) something that you say when you think something is not fair Keith, calling me boring? That's a bit steep! ) in political discourse 政治文章, 政论 ( discourse noun. I. Discourse is spoken or written communication between people, especially serious discussion of a particular subject. ...a tradition of political discourse. II. A discourse is a serious talk or piece of writing which is intended to teach or explain something. Hastings responds with a lengthy discourse on marketing strategies. discourse (up)on someone or something to lecture about someone or something. I would like to discourse upon this matter awhile. The committee chose to discourse on Tom and his latest fiasco rather than deal with the budgetary problems it faces.) around the table ( get someone around the table Fig. to collect people together for discussion or bargaining. We have to get every one around the table on this matter. If I can get them around the table, I'm sure I can make them agree. ) ... When Gough came on TV, the shout would come out, 'Quick, Gough's on!'" 8. This person may do strange things, so this person can be considered a "weirdo". Eww, he dunks (浸泡, 蘸=dip some food into a drink or soup or milk before eating it) his chicken nuggets in milk and hawks loogies. What a weirdo. dunk I. to put something into liquid for a short time before taking it out again. a. to put a piece of cake, bread, etc. into a drink before eating it. II. ​American to push someone's head and shoulders under water as a joke. III. to throw the ball downward into the basket during a game of basketball. slam dunk ​I. 暴扣. 大灌篮. in basketball, the action of jumping up and pushing the ball into the net with great force. II. something that is very successful. This tour is a slam dunk – a winner on both musical and technical levels.

 关于纵容, 放纵, 迎合的几种说法 ( indulge, enable, pamper, pander, cater, connive, accommodate, abet, ): 0. indulge I. intransitive/transitive to allow yourself to have or do something that you enjoy. indulge in 纵情于, 尽情享受: an opportunity to indulge in leisure activities like reading. indulge yourself (in something): Indulge yourself – come on a gourmet food weekend. indulge a passion/taste/interest 尽情享受: The new job gave him the chance to indulge his passion for music. a. transitive to allow someone to do what they want or enjoy. He loves his wife and indulges 放纵, 不加管束, 放任自由 his sons. It's part of her agent's job to indulge her whims 纵容, 宽纵. Well, you know I can't cry on stage, and I know you don't like it when I fake it, but... I thought maybe tonight it would come, but... it didn't. That's all I had. Thanks for indulging me 宽容, 迁就 任由我, 放任自由, 宽容, 我要说的就是这些, 谢谢你纵容我(让我说完). Good night, Charlie. Acting like an indulgent ( 纵容的, 慈善的, 和蔼的, 溺爱的 Showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence; lenient. benignly permissive. dote To show excessive fondness or love. to love to an excessive or foolish degree. to be foolish or weak-minded, esp as a result of old age. parents who dote on their only child. dote on somebody/something to love someone or something a lot, sometimes foolishly or too much. The world is full of people who dote on their pets. doting extravagantly or foolishly loving and indulgent; "adoring grandparents"; "deceiving her preoccupied and doting husband with a young captain"; "hopelessly spoiled by a fond mother".) grandpa, Francis let the boy explore the area undisturbed before tens of thousands of people. b. intransitive/ transitive to have or eat something that you enjoy but that you should not have much of. Many people feel that their vacation is the time to indulge. II. intransitive to become involved in something that people do not approve of. indulge in: He had indulged in affairs with several women. 1. pamper to take care of someone very well, especially by making them feel very comfortable or by giving them nice things. If you pamper someone, you make them feel comfortable by doing things for them or giving them expensive or luxurious things, sometimes in a way which has a bad effect on their character. Why don't you let your mother pamper you for a while? Pamper yourself with our luxury gifts. The only son had been pampered and spoiled. ...today's pampered superstars. He felt pampered and at home. She had a whole evening in which to pamper herself. 2. cater to something (appeal to) 投其所好, 迎合 to provide people with something they want or need, especially something unusual or special. There are more and more TV shows catering to young male audiences. cater for somebody/something = cater to somebody/ something to provide a particular group of people with the things they need or want an LA bank catering to Asian businesses. Vegetarians are well catered for. Most perfume ads cater to male fantasies. The school aims to cater for children of all abilities. Internet shopping caters to every conceivable need. bars that cater to the lucrative tourist trade. II. often disapproving to satisfy a need or desire that is unusual or unacceptable: Why should you cater to his every whim? This legislation simply caters to racism. cater 餐饮供应, 提供饮食: to provide food and drinks at an event. Who's catering the party? cater for: I'm catering for a wedding reception next week. 3. pander [ˈpandə] 迎合低级趣味, 迎合不良趣味, 取悦大众 gratify or indulge (an immoral or distasteful desire or taste or a person with such a desire or taste). "newspapers are pandering to people's baser instincts". pander to someone/something 拍马屁, 讨好, 取悦 to do or say what someone wants in order to please them, even though you know it is not right. The government was accused of pandering to racial prejudice. pander to someone/something to do or say what someone wants in order to please them, even though you know it is not right. The government was accused of pandering to racial prejudice. As a politician he was a well known panderer 拍马屁, 溜须拍马 to the lowest of public opinions. If you pander to someone or to their wishes 如愿, 遂了心愿, you do everything that they want, often to get some advantage for yourself. To tempt with, to appeal or cater to (improper motivations etc.); to assist in the gratification of.  ...books which don't pander to popular taste. His latest speech simply seems to pander to the worst instincts of the electorate. He has offended the party's traditional base by pandering to the rich and the middle classes. 4. enable I. If someone or something enables you to do a particular thing, they give you the opportunity to do it. The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. ...a new charter for training to enable young people to make the most of their potential. Researchers describe it as an enabling technology. II. To enable something to happen means to make it possible for it to happen. The hot sun enables the grapes to reach optimum ripeness. A series of holes in the side panels enables the position of the shelves to be adjusted. The working class is still too small to enable a successful socialist revolution. III. To enable someone to do something means to give them permission or the right to do it. The republic's legislation enables young people to do a form of alternative service. Some protection for victims must be written into the enabling legislation. IV. to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something Enemy communications were destroyed, enabling a surprise attack. enable someone to do something: This will enable users to conduct live video conversations. V. to allow someone to continue with abusive or harmful behaviour by failing to challenge them or by protecting them. 不加管束, 不加管教, 放任不管. 骄纵, 放纵, 纵容, 容忍, 惯着. My mission is not to enable an alcoholic or drug abuser. A lot of guilty bishops enabled abusers for years. You know, I like the way my hair looks. I'm done tiptoeing around him (walk on the eggshells around him, walk/skate/tread on thin ice). We're all guilty of it. But why? 'Cause we were afraid to upset him. Which happens anyway. Well, that's over. I'm done enabling him. Like, this is his spot and-and the thermostat has to be set to his comfort level, even though he doesn't even live here anymore and I'm always chilly. Is that why you wear a hoodie all the time? Why would-- Yes! To accommodate Sheldon! And what about this thing? Why is it here? I'll tell you why. Because it was here when I moved in, and, for no earthly reason, he forbade me to touch it. Well, if you don't like it, get rid of it. Put it in the closet. 5. perpetuate [pə(r)ˈpetʃueɪt] 放任. 任由发展, 放纵, 纵容, 任其发展 to make something such as a situation or process continue, especially one that is wrong, unfair, or dangerous. Current policy only serves to perpetuate the old class divisions. Stereotypes are perpetuated when people are exposed to individuals with actions that confirm the appearance, values and behaviors of the stereotype. Stereotypes are reinforced 强化 when people justify the actions and behaviors because of the known stereotype and continue to judge others based on appearance, race, gender, economic status and occupation. The story paints a picture of a poverty perpetuated by Australian men and a sex industry dominated by them. 6. banana republic a small country, especially in South and Central America, that is poor, corrupt, and badly ruled. In political science, the term banana republic is a pejorative descriptor for a servile dictatorship that abets [əˈbet] 怂恿, 纵容, 放纵不管 ( I. To approve, encourage, and support (an action or a plan of action); urge and help on. II. To urge, encourage, or help (a person): abetted the thief in robbing the bank. aid and abet 帮凶 to help someone to commit a crime. He was charged with aiding and abetting a wanted criminal. ) or supports, for kickbacks回扣, the exploitation of large-scale plantation agriculture, especially banana cultivation. 7. connive [kə'naiv] I. 勾结, 串通, 密谋 ;搞阴谋. 合伙. 合谋. To cooperate secretly in an illegal or wrongful action; collude. To scheme; plot.密谋, 搞阴谋. The dealers connived with customs officials 海关官员 to bring in narcotics. II. 睁一只眼闭一只眼, 装看不见, 默许;纵容. 默许, 纵容, 视而不见. To feign ignorance of or fail to take measures against a wrong, thus implying tacit encouragement or consent. To feign ignorance of or fail to take measures against a wrong, thus implying tacit encouragement or consent: The guards were suspected of conniving at the prisoner's escape. The general is accused of conniving in a plot to topple the government. Her brother is believed to have connived at her murder. The guards were suspected of conniving at the prisoner's escape. Her brother is believed to have connived at her murder. connive at/in [sth with sb] 对(明知错误的事情)视而不见, 默许, 纵容. to scheme at something (with someone); to plot something (with someone). Are you conniving at something with Ronald? Are you and Ronald conniving with Tom at something I should know about? Stop conniving with people! The general is accused of conniving in a plot to topple the government. Her brother is believed to have connived at her murder. conniving [kənaɪvɪŋ] 有心计的, 心思深的 adj [disapproval] If you describe someone as conniving, you mean you dislike them because they make secret plans in order to get things for themselves or harm other people. dishonest in a clever way, especially in order to get something that you want or in order to harm someone. Edith was seen as a conniving, greedy woman. tacit [ˈtæsɪt] 不言而喻的, 不言自明的, 不许挑明的, 默许的, 默认的 expressed or understood without being said directly. tacit approval/consent/support. If you refer to someone's tacit agreement or approval, you mean they are agreeing to something or approving it without actually saying so, often because they are unwilling to admit to doing so. The question was a tacit admission that a mistake had indeed been made. The rebels enjoyed the tacit support of elements in the army. He tacitly admitted that the government had breached regulations. Tacit knowledge 隐形知识 (as opposed to formal, codified or explicit knowledge) is the kind of knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalizing it. For example, that London is in the United Kingdom is a piece of explicit knowledge that can be written down, transmitted, and understood by a recipient. However, the ability to speak a language, ride a bicycle, knead dough, play a musical instrument, or design and use complex equipment requires all sorts of knowledge which is not always known explicitly, even by expert practitioners, and which is difficult or impossible to explicitly transfer to other people. 8. accommodate I. to provide a place or room for someone to stay in. Designed by an Italian architect, the hotel can accommodate 提供住宿服务. 安顿, 寄宿 600 guests. The teams will be accommodated in luxury hotels. To accommodate someone means to provide them with a place to live or stay. ...a hotel built to accommodate guests for the wedding of King Alfonso. Students are accommodated in homes nearby. a. to provide enough space for something or someone. The school in Poldown was not big enough to accommodate all the children. Floors are flat where possible and doors and corridors can accommodate wheelchairs. The new office will easily accommodate 50 desks. b. to supply enough seats or room for people or things. Our ships accommodate 容纳, 装下, 盛下 up to 150. II. ​formal to consider and include something when you are deciding what to do. If something is planned or changed to accommodate a particular situation, it is planned or changed so that it takes this situation into account. The roads are built to accommodate gradual temperature changes. The way that American history is taught may change in order to accommodate some more of those cultures. Your investment strategy has to be flexible enough to accommodate 顺应变化 changes in the market. III. If you do something to accommodate someone, you do it with the main purpose of pleasing or satisfying them. He has never put an arm around his wife to accommodate 满足, 取悦 photographers. Efforts have been made to accommodate the needs of all users. accommodate (yourself) to something 适应变化, 顺应潮流 to change your attitudes and behavior in order to deal with a new situation. If you accommodate to something new, you change your behaviour or ideas so that you are able to deal with it. Some animal and plant species cannot accommodate to 调整适应, 适应变化 the rapidly changing conditions. She walked slowly to accommodate herself to his pace.

 sidetrack VS divert VS deflect VS distract: sidetrack (lead off the subject) to delay the progress of something by causing people to waste time on something else that is unimportant. get sidetracked: It's easy to get sidetracked by talking about unimportant issues like this one. If you are sidetracked by something, it makes you forget what you intended to do or say, and start instead doing or talking about a different thing. He'd managed to avoid being sidetracked by Schneider's problems. The leadership moved to sidetrack the proposal. They have a tendency to try to sidetrack you from your task. divert [daɪˈvɜː(r)t] I. 导引. 导流. 疏导交通. 导向. (US: detour ) To divert vehicles or travellers means to make them follow a different route or go to a different destination than they originally intended. You can also say that someone or something diverts from a particular route or to a particular place. ...Rainham Marshes, east London, where a new bypass will divert traffic from the A13. Police are trying to divert traffic away from the trouble spot. During the strike, ambulances will be diverted to private hospitals. We diverted a plane to rescue 100 passengers. She insists on diverting to a village close to the airport. The capital remained jammed with diverted traffic. II. To divert money or resources means to cause them to be used for a different purpose. The government is trying to divert more public funds from west to east. ...government departments involved in diverting resources into community care. In an emergency, staff will be diverted from less urgent tasks to help out. Teachers called on the government to divert the extra money to schools. III. 转电话(call divert 电话转接). To divert a phone call means to send it to a different number or place from the one that was dialled by the person making the call. He instructed switchboard staff to divert all Laura's calls to him. Customers will only incur additional call charges if the call is diverted outside the U.K.. IV. If you say that someone diverts your attention from something important or serious, you disapprove of them behaving or talking in a way that stops you thinking about it. They want to divert the attention of the people from the real issues. The President needed to divert attention away from 引导注意力, 转移注意力 his own economic record. deflect I. If you deflect something such as criticism or attention, you act in a way that prevents it from being directed towards you or affecting you. He'd changed his name to deflect accusations 转移注意力 of nepotism. It's a maneuver to deflect the attention of the people from what is really happening. II. To deflect someone from a course of action 转向 means to make them decide not to continue with it by putting pressure on them or by offering them something desirable. The war did not deflect him from the path he had long ago taken. Never let a little problem deflect you. III. If you deflect something that is moving, you make it go in a slightly different direction, for example by hitting or blocking it. He stuck out his boot and deflected the shot 反弹回去 over the bar seconds before the final whistle. My forearm deflected most of the first punch. distract If something distracts you or your attention from something, it takes your attention away from it. Tom admits that playing video games sometimes distracts him from his homework. Don't let yourself be distracted by fashionable theories. A disturbance in the street distracted my attention.

博取同情, 自哀自怜wallow in self-pity; wallow VS bellow VS mellow; temper VS chasten VS mellow;

 博取同情, 自哀自怜: 1. play on someone's heartstrings 装可怜, 博同情, 博取同情 ( pathetic charade, playing the victims. 下文的 pile/put/turn on agony. ) Fig. to attempt to get sympathy from someone. She is crying so she can play on your heartstrings and try to get you to take her home. tear/tug at your/the heartstrings 招人同情的, 拨动心弦, 激发母爱的, 激发保护欲的 if something or someone tugs at your heartstrings, they make you feel strong love or sympathy. It's the story of a lost child - guaranteed to tug at the heartstrings. prey/play on somebody's mind 摆脱不掉, 困扰着, 苦恼, 忘不掉, 挥之不去, 萦绕不去 if a problem preys on your mind, you cannot stop thinking about it. If a problem preys on your mind, you think about it and worry about it a lot: I lost my temper with her the other day and it's been preying on my mind ever since. Finally, she broached the subject that had been playing on her mind for days. 2. 自怜自哀: self-pity (wallow in it) 自怜, 自哀自怜, 顾影自怜(self-pityingly) Pity for oneself, especially exaggerated or self-indulgent pity. Pity for oneself; especially exaggerated or self-indulgent pity where you believe that you are the victim who has done no wrong and is deserving of condolence from everyone. "Self-pity is easily the most destructive of the non-pharmaceutical narcotics; it is addictive, gives momentary pleasure and separates the victim from reality". self-indulgent放纵自己的, 任性的, 任意妄为的, 想怎样就怎样的, 不顾及别人的. adj tending to indulge one's own desires, etc. Exhibiting tendencies of self-indulgence. Excessive or immoderate indulgence of one's own personal desires and needs above all others. eat (one's) heart out 自怜去吧你, 后悔去吧你, 嫉妒吧你 Fig. to suffer from envy or jealousy. (Usually a command.) Yeah, the reward money is all mine. Eat your heart out! Eat your heart out! I won it fair and square. eat one's heart out来源: To suffer inconsolably; to have sorrow or longing dominate one's thoughts and feelings; to be in a constant state of mental and emotional disquietude. He could not rest; but did his stout heart eat. More common today is the expression eat one's heart out. It is often heard as a playfully sarcastic command, very different in tone from the earlier serious version of the expression. 3. BB: How do you think Josh would be if Ava is evicted. Michael: I hope to God he doesn't turn into a big emo, and just sulk( sulk over/about someone or something to pout or be sullen about someone or something. What are you sulking about now? There is no need to sulk over Mary. sulk v. 哀怨自怜. 顾影自怜. 伤心自顾. To be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in silent resentment or protest. to be silent and resentful because of a wrong done to one, esp in order to gain sympathy; brood sullenly. n. (多用复数.) A mood or display of sullen aloofness or withdrawal: stayed home in a sulk; a case of the sulks. He's in a sulk because he lost the game. He's got the sulks. ) around, kiss a cabbage( I. Informal a dull or unimaginative person. II. Informal 没有大脑, 寄生于别人的人. 植物人. 没大脑. 没脑子. an offensive word for someone who is completely unable to move or speak because their brain is very badly damaged. a person who has no mental faculties and is dependent on others for his subsistence. ) all day. sullen adj. I. Having a brooding ill temper; sulky. II. Dismal; somber. III. Sluggish; slow. n. Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness. to have the sullens 情绪不高, 情绪不好, 兴致不高. 没有兴致(to be in low spirits, to be in poor spirits, to be in a blue mood, to be down in the dumps.). morose [məˈroʊs] adj. Sullen, gloomy; showing a brooding ill humour. feeling unhappy, in a bad mood, and not wanting to talk to anyone. Someone who is morose is miserable, bad-tempered, and not willing to talk very much to other people. She was morose 闷闷不乐的, pale, and reticent. reticent [ˈretɪsənt] 缄口, 闭口不言, 沉默寡言的, 不爱说话的, 守口如瓶的, 讳莫如深的, 闷在心里, 不吐露心事的 not willing to provide information about something, especially about yourself or your feelings. Someone who is reticent does not tell people about things. She is so reticent about her achievements. As a reticent sort, the England defender was reluctant to hog the limelight. She remembered how reticent her father had been about his past. grouchy Irritable; easily upset; angry; tending to complain. His boss gets grouchy when deadlines draw near. 同义词还有: melancholy, sulky, crabby, glum, gruff, moody. mope v. to carry one's self in a depressed, lackadaisical manner; to give oneself up to low spirits; to pout. n. A dull, spiritless person. mope around to go about in a depressed state. Since her dog ran away, Sally mopes around all day. Don't mope around. Cheer up! n. I. (pornography industry) A bottom feeder ( 生态社会最底层的人士. I. A fish or other aquatic creature who feeds off the bottom of their habitat; a flatfish. II. (By extension) A person who dwells amidst or thrives off of the unwholesome things in a society. ) who "mopes" around a pornography studio hoping for his big break ( A breakthrough, especially the first big hit of a previously unknown performer or performers in the entertainment industry. ) and often does bit parts ( 小角色, 跑龙套. (acting) A minor role, generally not assigned a name. bit player I. 小角色, 龙套演员. (theater, film) an actor who has a minor role in a production. II. (figuratively) an insignificant or unimportant person (in a particular situation). ) in exchange for room and board 食宿 and meager pay( 微薄的工资, 微薄的薪水. meager = meagre I. deficient in quantity or quality; scanty: a meager salary; meager fare. II. having little flesh; lean. ). moper 怨天尤人的人, 爱抱怨的人, 对什么都不满的人, 愤世嫉俗的人 One who mopes or is inclined to do so. He was a moper and a complainer, and as such, was quite unpopular at parties. mopery (law, US) violation of an imaginary or trivial law. 4. 伤心于, 痛苦于(pine for/after, grieve over; agonize over, anguish): grieve I. To cause to be sorrowful; distress: It grieves me to see you in such pain. II. To mourn or sorrow for: We grieved the death of our pastor. III. Usage Problem To file an official or formal grievance on account of (an actual or perceived injustice). grieve for someone or something 痛悼 to mourn for someone or something. Don't grieve for me. I'm okay. She grieved for her lost chances. grieve over someone or something 伤心于 to lament and pine for someone or something. Now, don't grieve over a lost cat. There is no reason to continue grieving over him. What the eye doesn't see, the heart doesn't grieve over 眼不见心不烦. Prov. You cannot be upset by something you do not know about. When Robbie cracked his mother's favorite vase, he simply turned the cracked side toward the wall. "What the eye doesn't see, the heart doesn't grieve over," he thought. grief [gri:f] n. I. deep or intense sorrow or distress, esp at the death of someone. II. something that causes keen distress or suffering. III. Informal trouble or annoyance. people were giving me grief for leaving ten minutes early. Trying to follow their directions was nothing but grief. the griefs of trying to meet a deadline. come to grief Informal to end unsuccessfully or disastrously. to suddenly fail in what you are doing, often because you have an accident. The Italian champion was in second position when he came to grief on the third lap. give somebody grief 让人很难受. 让人不舒服. (informal) to criticize someone angrily. Don't give me any grief - I've done all I can! good grief (spoken) I am very surprised "I have four computers at home" "Good grief. What do you do with them all?". Usage notes: often used humorously, when someone pretends that a situation is more serious than it really is: Good grief, look at all this food! Are you feeding an army?  fret about/over someone or something to worry about someone or something. Please don't fret about being a few minutes late. There is no need to fret over Larry. Fret not! Inf. Don't worry!; Do not fret about it! Mary: Oh, look at the clock! I'm going to be late for my appointment! Bob: Fret not! I'll drive you. "Fret not!" said Sally. "We're almost there!". labor of love 又爱又恨的工作. 爱恨纠结的任务. Fig. a task that is either unpaid or badly paid and that one does simply for one's own satisfaction or pleasure or to please someone whom one likes or loves. Jane made no money out of the biography she wrote. She was writing about the life of a friend and the book was a labor of love. Mary hates knitting, but she made a sweater for her boyfriend. What a labor of love. pine for/over someone or something; to long for or grieve for someone or something. Bob pined after Doris for weeks after she left. Dan is still pining for his lost dog. There is no point in pining over Claire. pine away (after someone or something) 痛苦于, 伤心于 to waste away in melancholy and longing for someone or something. A year later, he was still pining away after Claire. Still, he is pining away. pine I. To feel a lingering, often nostalgic desire. II. To wither or waste away from longing or grief: pined away and died. agonize over/about sth 纠结于, 纠缠于, 犹豫不决于 If you agonize over/about something, you spend time worrying and trying to make a decision about it: She agonized for days about whether she should take the job. She is torn between 纠结于 wondering how her mother could do such a thing and hoping they might one day have a loving mother-daughter relationship. agonize (oneself) over someone or something to fret担心 or anguish痛苦 about someone or something. Now, now, don't agonize yourself over the situation. Time cures all. agony ['ægəni] n. I. acute physical or mental pain; anguish. II. the suffering or struggle preceding death. pile/put/turn on the agony 装可怜, 博同情 Brit informal to exaggerate one's distress for sympathy or greater effect. III.  (Communication Arts / Journalism & Publishing) (modifier) relating to or advising on personal problems about which people have written to the media. agony column知心专栏, 读者来信专栏. agony writer知心姐姐 = agony aunt(An agony aunt is a newspaper columnist who gives advice to people having problems, especially personal ones.)(confidant [,konfi'dænt] 贴心的人, 说知心话的人. 知己. 知心姐姐. a person, esp a man, to whom private matters are confided.). An advice column is a column in a magazine or newspaper written by an advice columnist (colloquially known in British English as an agony aunt, or agony uncle(a man whose job is to give advice about personal problems in a newspaper or magazine by answering people’s letters. The American word is advice columnist.) if the columnist is a male). The image presented was originally of an older woman dispensing comforting advice and maternal wisdom, hence the name "aunt". An advice columnist can also be someone who gives advice to people who send in problems to the newspaper. Sometimes the author is in fact a composite or a team: Marjorie Proops's name appeared (with photo) long after she retired. The nominal writer may be a pseudonym, or in effect a brand name; the accompanying picture may bear little resemblance to the actual author. The term is beginning to into disuse, as the scope of personal advice has broadened, to include sexual matters—pioneered by the likes of Dr. Ruth—as well as general lifestyle issues.
 
 wallow VS bellow VS mellow: 1. wallow [ˈwoləu] I. showing disapproval 哀叹. 自怨自艾. 自怜. 叹息. 难以自拔. 沉湎于, 沉溺于(engrossed 多为褒义) to indulge oneself in possessions, emotion, to experience an abundance of something. to spend a lot of time feeling a negative emotion, especially because you want sympathy from other people. To immerse oneself in, to occupy oneself with, metaphorically. to spend a lot of time feeling a negative emotion, especially because you want sympathy from other people. George still seems determined to wallow in self-pity. She wallowed in her misery. wallow in: George still seems determined to wallow in self-pity. Usage notes: In the sense of "to immerse oneself in, to occupy oneself with", it is almost exclusively used for self-indulgent 自我沉溺的, 自我放纵的 negative emotions负面情绪, particularly self-pity. See synonyms for general or positive alternatives, such as revel. (to immerse oneself in): bask, delight, indulge, luxuriate, revel, rollick. II. to lie down and roll around in water, dirt, or mud like a pig. Pigs wallow in the mud. Wallowing in animals 动物在泥地里撒欢 is a comfort behaviour during which an animal rolls its body about inmud, water or snow. Some definitions include rolling about in dust滚来滚去, however, in ethologythis is usually referred to as dust bathing. Wallowing is often combined with other behaviours to fulfil its purpose, for example, elephants will often blow dirt over themselves after wallowing to create a thicker "coating", or pigs will allow the mud to dry before rubbing themselves on a tree or rock to remove ectoparasites stuck in the mud. to wallow in self pity自怜自哀. wallow in sth [ˈwɒl.əʊ] I. 打滚, 翻腾, 嬉戏 to allow yourself to enjoy something completely. If a person or animal wallows in water or mud 在泥里打滚, they lie or roll about in it slowly for pleasure. to roll around in something. Pigs enjoy wallowing around in mud. They wallow in mud to keep cool. Never have I had such a good excuse for wallowing 尽情享受, 纵情享受 in deep warm baths. Dogs love splashing in mud and hippos wallow in it. My idea of a holiday is to stay in a five-star hotel and just wallow in luxury for a week. II. to remain in an unhappy emotional state without trying to get out of it, as if you are enjoying it or trying to get sympathy from other people. If you say that someone is wallowing in an unpleasant situation, you are criticizing them for being deliberately unhappy. His tired mind continued to wallow in self-pity. I wanted only to wallow in my own grief.  I wish she'd do something to help herself instead of just wallowing in self-pity! 2. Bellow: A bellows ( 风箱, 空气泵, 鼓风机 bellow (mellow 不张扬了, 内敛, 温和, 变得柔和,世故. 深通人情世故 ) I. 咆哮, 大喊大叫. To make the deep roaring sound characteristic of a bull. II. To shout in a deep voice. bellow something out 喊出来 to cry something out loudly with great force. Don't just say it. Bellow it out! Bellow out your name so we know who you are!) or pair of bellows is a device constructed to furnish ( I. to provide (a house, room, etc.) with furniture, carpets, etc. II. 提供, 供给. to equip with what is necessary; fit out. III. to give; supply the records. furnished the information required. Could you furnish the salad for our picnic? We can't furnish enough glassware for the whole party. I would be happy to furnish dinner for the visitors. I furnished the board of directors with the information. fit someone or something out (with something) to provide or furnish someone or something with something. They fit out the campers with everything they needed. They fit them out for only $140. ) a strong blast of air. The simplest type consists essentially of a flexible bag comprising a pair of rigid boards with handles joined by flexible leather sides enclosing an approximately airtight cavity which can be expanded and contracted by operating the handles, and fitted with a valve allowing air to fill the cavity when expanded, and with a tube through which the air is forced out in a stream when the cavity is compressed. It has many applications很多应用, in particular blowing on a fire to supply it with air. The term "bellows" is used by extension for a flexible bag whose volume can be changed by compression or expansion, but not used to deliver air. For example, the light-tight闭光的 (but not airtight) bag allowing the distance between the lens and film of a folding photographic camera to be varied is called a bellows. be put/go through the wringer 脱水, 挤水装置(wringer = mangle a piece of equipment used for removing water from wet clothes by squeezing them between two rollers. mangle verb I. to damage or hurt someone or something seriously by twisting or crushing them so that they no longer have their correct shape. mangled bodies/wreckage. II. to say, write, or perform words or music so badly that it is hard to recognize them.) If you say that someone has been put through the wringer or has gone through the wringer, you mean that they have suffered a very difficult or unpleasant experience. She's been put through the wringer these past few months.

 tamper VS meddle VS fudge 篡改: 1. meddle [disapproval] to become involved in a situation that you have no right to be involved in, in a way that is annoying. If you say that someone meddles in something, you are criticizing the fact that they try to influence or change it without being asked. Already some people are asking whether scientists have any right to meddle in such matters. If only you hadn't felt compelled to meddle. They view activists as little more than meddlers. meddle-management a management style that is stiflingly hands-on and shows no trust in the professionalism of those being managed I am trying to meet your deadlines but am having to deal with a lot of last minute changes inflicted by meddle-management / my meddle-manager. 2. fudge I. [INTRANSITIVE/TRANSITIVE] to avoid giving a clear decision or answer. People have accused us of fudging the issue. To act in an indecisive manner: always fudged on the important questions. To try to avoid giving a direct answer; to waffle or equivocate. When I asked them if they had been at the party, they fudged. II. [TRANSITIVE] 伪造. 篡改. to change the details of something, or to leave out information. Journalists have always tended to fudge the facts. To go beyond the proper limits of something: fudged on the building code requirements. To fake or falsify: fudge casualty figures. To alter something from its true state, as to hide a flaw or uncertainty. Always deliberate, but not necessarily dishonestor immoral. It's good you didn't fudge your hours 篡改工时. The results of the experiment looked impressive, but it turned out the numbers had been fudged. I had to fudge the lighting to get the color to look good. n. I. [UNCOUNTABLE] a soft brown sweet food made from sugar, butter, andmilk or cream. A type of very sweet candy or confection. Often used in the US synonymously with chocolate fudge. Have you tried the vanilla fudge? It's delicious! II. [UNCOUNTABLE] MAINLY AMERICAN a sweet soft chocolate that is spread on cakes or poured over ice cream. III. [COUNTABLE/ UNCOUNTABLE] BRITISH a method of dealing with a problem that does not solve it completely but hides its difficulties. IV. (countable) A deliberately misleading or vague answer. V. A made-up story; nonsense; humbug. fudge factor I. (idiomatic, engineering) A quantity introduced to compensate for uncertainty. We don't know exactly how much the load will weigh, so we'll add in a fudge factor to make sure we don't underestimate. II. (idiomatic) any padding or compensation built into a guess or estimate. fudge packer I. (slang, pejorative) A male homosexual. II. (slang, pejorative) A person who practices anal sex. 3. tamper I. (usually foll by with) to interfere or meddle. 篡改. to tamper with a lock. to tamper with official records. tried to tamper with the decedent's will; tampering with the timing mechanism of the safe. If someone tampers with something, they interfere with it or try to change it when they have no right to do so. I don't want to be accused of tampering with the evidence. He found his computer had been tampered with 被人动过, 有人动过. ...discovering a motive for a crime like product tampering. II. To tinker with rashly or foolishly: Don't tamper with my feelings. III. (usually foll by with) to attempt to influence or corrupt, esp by bribery. to engage in underhand dealings 私下交易, 黑幕交易, esp. in order to influence improperly (usu. fol. by with). to tamper with the jury. 4. tinker tinker around 摆弄 to make small changes to something in order to improve or repair it. If you tinker with something, you make some small changes to it, in an attempt to improve it or repair it. Instead of the Government admitting its error, it just tinkered with the problem. They tinkered with the engine. It is not enough to tinker at the edges; we must reconstruct the entire system. No amount of tinkering is going to improve matters. tinker with: He spends hours tinkering around with car engines. Problems can arise when management structures are tinkered with. noun. I. In former times, a tinker was a person who did not have a fixed home, but travelled from place to place mending metal pots and doing other small repair jobs. II. Some people refer to any traveller or gipsy, especially one who is Irish, as a tinker.

temper (tamper, pamper) VS chasten VS mellow: 1. temper and fray: fray: I. 分崩离析, 土崩瓦解. if a rope or piece of cloth frays or is frayed, the fibers in it become loose and start to come apart. The shirt cuffs are beginning to fray. II. if someone's nerves or their temper frays or is frayed神经兮兮的, 神经质, they start to get angry or nervous. fraying at/around the edges 磨了边角 gradually being destroyed or becoming weaker. Support for the proposals was fraying at the edges. the fray I. an exciting activity or situation in which someone competes with other people. Other bidders are now likely to enter the fray. II. a fight or argument. have a short/quick temper/fuse (=become angry very quickly): He's not a bad boss, but he has a short temper. control your temper: Andrew has not yet learned to control his temper. tempers flare 脾气大爆发, 勃然大怒 (=people get angry): Tempers flared and things began to get out of control. tempers fray (=people start to get angry): It was a difficult meeting and tempers got a bit frayed. temper: a particular emotional state or mood: in a bad/foul/terrible etc. temper 脾气不好, 情绪不好: When Mark turned up he was in a foul temper. in a good temper脾气好: He seems to be in a good temper. be in a temper 闹脾气: He doesn’t mean what he says when he's in a temper. get/fly into a temper: When she refused to help, he flew into a temper. a fit of temper (=a sudden short period of uncontrolled anger): He stormed out of the room in a fit of temper. a temper tantrum (=a sudden short period of uncontrolled anger): As a small child he had had violent temper tantrums. guard your tongue/temper to speak or behave carefully, without using bad language or violence. pamper I. To treat with excessive indulgence. to treat with affectionate and usually excessive indulgence; coddle; spoil: pampered their child. II. To give in to; gratify: He pampered his ambition for wealth and fame. tamper I. (usually foll by with) to interfere or meddle. 篡改. to tamper with a lock. to tamper with official records. tried to tamper with the decedent's will; tampering with the timing mechanism of the safe. II. To tinker with rashly or foolishly: Don't tamper with my feelings. III. (usually foll by with) to attempt to influence or corrupt, esp by bribery. to engage in underhand dealings私下交易, 黑幕交易, esp. in order to influence improperly (usu. fol. by with). to tamper with the jury. temper [ˈtɛmpə] n. I. a frame of mind; mood or humour a good/quick/even/short temper = a short fuse. II. a sudden outburst of anger; tantrum. a quick temper. a fit of temper. III. a tendency to exhibit uncontrolled anger; irritability. IV. a mental condition of moderation and calm (esp in the phrases keep one's temper, lose one's temper, out of temper). V. (Engineering / Metallurgy) the degree of hardness, elasticity, or a similar property of a metal or metal object. vb (tr). I. 柔和, 柔化, 调整. to moderate. to soften or tone down. to make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else. he tempered his criticism with kindly sympathy. to temper justice with mercy. a portfolio that is tempered to the investor's needs. temper its doctrinaire logic with a little practical wisdom". temper clay; paints that had been tempered with oil. II. 洗礼. 淬炼. 磨练. To strengthen through experience or hardship; toughen: soldiers who had been tempered by combat. temper something with something I. Fig. to harden something, such as metal, with something. You have to temper the metal pieces with very high heat. The sheet of metal was tempered by the application of great pressure. II. Fig. 调和一下, 调剂一下, 显得好听的, 显得没有那么刺耳, 缓和一下. 缓冲一下. 软化一下 to soften the impact of something, such as news, with something. We can temper 柔和一点, 柔化 this disaster story a bit with a picture of the happy survivors. The news story was tempered with a paragraph of explanation and justification.  板球员妈妈打电话给NZ广播节目(duped into believing she's off air): Deborah: I don't know whether they realise he was actually born and bred in New Zealand and quite frankly has family all over the country. And for those who listen to your station, for them to sit and listen to their cousin and their grandson being bagged like that is absolutely unconscionable ( 太过分了. more than a reasonable or acceptable level or amount. ) and I'm his mother and I'm totally brassed off ( brass someone off Sl. to make someone angry. (Primarily military. As angry as the "brass," or officers, might get about something.) You really brass me off. The private brassed off the sergeant. ). Host: Well he's a great cricket player, he's amazing. Deborah: I know he is, but it's not even about the cricket. It's about the personal attack on him. They called him arrogant and then they called him some sort of name. They don't know him! They wouldn't have a bloomin' clue! Matt: I don't remember them calling him any other words, other than he made some pretty arrogant comments before the game. Deborah: No he didn't! It's a load of rubbish 一派胡言, 胡说八道! Matt: Yes he did. Deborah: Arrogance isn't a part of his make up( kiss and make up ‎(idiomatic) To settle one's differences and forgive. make it up to sb. 补偿 (idiomatic, transitive) To pay back; to return someone a previous good deed. to do something good that helps someone to feel better after you did something bad to them. to do something good for someone you have ​upset, in ​order to ​become ​friends with them again: I'm ​sorry we can't take you with us, but I ​promise I'll make it up to you ​somehow. I'm really sorry. I'll make it up to you. After John gave her a lovely wooly hat for her birthday, she wanted to make it up to him so she took him out for dinner. You've been so kind to me, how can I make it up to you? make up to someone to try to become friends with someone. Look how the cat is making up to Richard! Jimmy is making up to Donna, and she doesn't even notice. make it up as one goes along 即兴, 见机行事 (idiomatic) To improvise continuously. make up I. 弥补, 不悔. To compensate, fill in or catch up. He can make up the time next week.‎ I plan to make up for my failed midterm.‎ Cuba took limited free market-oriented measures to alleviate severe shortages of food, consumer goods, and services to make up for the ending of Soviet subsidies.‎ II. (intransitive) 重归于好. 解决争端. To resolve, forgive or smooth over an argument or fight. They fight a lot, but they always manage to make up. make up (with someone) to reconcile with someone; to end a disagreement (with someone). Bill and Max decided to make up. They made up with each other and are now very good friends.‎ ). Are you being smart here? Matt: No. Deborah: I just want to get the point across ... I'm just really disappointed. Say those things and then temper it with some positives( temper something with something I. Fig. to harden something, such as metal, with something. You have to temper the metal pieces with very high heat. The sheet of metal was tempered by the application of great pressure. II. Fig. 调和一下, 调剂一下, 显得好听的, 显得没有那么刺耳, 缓和一下. 缓冲一下. 软化一下. to soften the impact of something, such as news, with something. We can temper this disaster story a bit with a picture of the happy survivors. The news story was tempered with a paragraph of explanation and justification. ). Have a look on Twitter, see the likes of Kevin Pietersen, Tino Best, Graham Onions — all of those people giving him their support because they know that tomorrow is another day. Host: You're a lovely woman Debs and thanks for call and we'll make sure that gets righted on the show. You have a great day. 2. mellow adj. I. relaxed and satisfied, for example because of having drunk alcohol. Warmed by liquor, slightly intoxicated, stoned, or high. II. 温暖的. 暖色的. soft and warm in colour. mellow greys and greens. III. with a soft, smooth, and pleasant sound. Not coarse, rough, or harsh; subdued, soft, rich, delicate; said of sound, color, flavor, style, etc. the sweet mellow tones of a guitar. IV. 口感绵软的. 不生涩的. 不苦涩的. with a smooth full taste. Soft or tender by reason of ripeness; having a tender pulp. a mellow apple. a mellow whisky aged in wood. V. 由于年龄, 阅历而变的洗练, 安然, 不急不躁, 智慧. 安静. 人情练达的 gentle, wise, and easy to talk to, especially because of age and experience. He had grown mellow with age. mellow Verb. I. If you mellow, or if something mellows you 变得圆滑, 变得圆融. 懂得变通. 不固执, 变得好相处, 磨去了棱角, 少了些刺. 经过人生淬炼, 收敛锋芒, 不倔强的, 收敛, 不张扬了, 内敛, 温和, 变得柔和,世故. 深通人情世故. 人情练达, 通情达理, 变得心软了, 变得更睿智, 更成熟. 更稳重. 变得随遇而已, 不再较真, 不再计较 ( bellow n. 风箱, 空气泵, 鼓风机 bellow I. 咆哮, 大喊大叫. To make the deep roaring sound characteristic of a bull. II. To shout in a deep voice. bellow something out 喊出来 to cry something out loudly with great force. Don't just say it. Bellow it out! Bellow out your name so we know who you are!), you become gentler, wiser, and easier to talk to, especially because of age or experience. She's mellowed 变得好相处, 没有棱角 a lot over the years. Leonard: Its not that I'd stopped trying, its just how relationships progress 关系都是这样的. They start with infatuation, but over time mellow into something more comfortable. II. if colours mellow, or if something mellows them, they become softer, warmer, and less bright 不那么鲜艳, 不那么扎眼. mellow out I. to become less angry. to chill out, relax, settle down. "He was really mad so we all told him to mellow out". When you mellow out, maybe we can talk. Come on, man, stop yelling and mellow out! II. to become generally more relaxed. Gary was nearly forty before he started to mellow out a little and take life less seriously. After his illness, he mellowed out and seemed more glad to be alive. He needs to mellow out a little. Maybe I'm getting mellow 变得柔软, 心变得柔软, 不再心硬 in my old age, but at least the boy made one good decision. He had the savvy to get out of Westlife before they had the cheek to 有胆, 有脸, 厚颜无耻的 release a whole album of Frank Sinatra covers. Astringents 收敛剂, 收敛水 are also often used in the formulation of an aftershave. astringent [əˈstrɪndʒ(ə)nt] n. a liquid or cream used for making your skin drier or for stopping a cut from bleeding. adj. I. medical 止血的. 收敛的. 帮助伤口融合的. 有助伤口融合的. an astringent substance or liquid makes your skin drier or helps to stop a cut from bleeding. II. an astringent taste is one that is strong and bitter. III. an astringent remark is one that criticizes someone severely. ignominious [ˌɪɡnəˈmɪniəs] 丢人现眼的, 丢脸的 very embarrassing, especially because of making you seem very unsuccessful or unimportant. an ignominious defeat. ignominy [ˈɪɡnəˌmɪni] 羞辱. 耻辱. a situation where you feel embarrassed and lose other people's respect. Great dishonor, shame, or humiliation. The army suffered the ignominy of a quick and decisive defeat. harsh one's mellow 破坏好兴致, 扫兴, 坏我好事, 败兴(killjoy, buzzkill, dampener, killjoy (person), party-pooper (person)) to reduce or destroy a person's good mood. To spoil one's good mood or to annoy.to be a killjoy. to ruin someone's happiness, whether they are drunk, or just really happy, with sad news or drama. Don't harsh my mellow by asking me about my SAT scores. 3. chasten [ˈtʃeɪs(ə)n] (责难,不幸)遏制, 使缓和, 使有所收敛. 不再那么嚣张的 vt. (be chastened) (of a reproof or misfortune) have a restraining or moderating effect on. to make someone feel ashamed or less confident. She seemed suitably chastened 磨去了棱角, 没脾气了 by the experience. "We believe democracy in Thailand has been systematically destroyed," he said from Phnom Penh. "People have been chastened 惩戒, 惩治, hunted and bullied with no sense of fairness, justice or decency. She seemed suitably chastened by the experience. the director was somewhat chastened by his recent flops. chastened 学乖了的, 吸取教训了的, 吃过亏了的, 吃一堑长一智的, 经过磨练了的 [as adj. chastening] a chastening experience. 一次磨炼.