collagen; proclivity, Stencilling; drum, barrel=cask, keg, bucket.

 用法学习: 1. put flesh on (the bones of) something to add more details to a plan, idea, argument, etc. to make it better or more complete. meat on the bone I. 充实细节. Some amount of substance, value, or meaning. We all were hoping to have our questions answered during the governor's press briefing, but there wasn't much meat on the bone. The game's premise and mechanics are interesting, but there's just no meat on the bone when it comes to story and gameplay variety. For a cheesy, special effects-laden action movie, the plot actually has quite a bit of meat on the bone. While Australian film exports are growing, Mr Deaner said our contribution was dwarfed by US productions in the UK and Canada. "Australia doesn't really cause the problem, we are not the target," he said. "We were expecting some more meat on the bones as to how it might impact us." II. 没东西, 没资源. Some amount of resources to be shared or depend on. We asked for more funds to help tackle the issue, but the city council told us there was no meat on the bone in the annual budget. This used to be a thriving industrial town, but after all the factories closed down, people started moving out in search of places with more meat on the bone. bucolic [bjuːˈkɒlɪk] relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and country life. relating to the countryside: ...the bucolic surroundings of Chantilly. The painting shows a typically bucolic scene with peasants. "the church is lovely for its bucolic setting". 2. interpolate [ɪnˈtɜː.pə.leɪt] I. to add something in the middle of a text, piece of music, etc. If you interpolate a comment into a conversation or some words into a piece of writing, you put it in as an addition. Williams interpolated much spurious matter. These odd assertions were interpolated into the manuscript some time after 1400. In his adaptation of the script he interpolated the words "tempus fugit" and the translation "time flies". Coleridge-Taylor was keen on interpolating African-American spirituals into the classical music tradition. After weeks of rumors that the late icon's fingerprints would be on the fourth track of the pop star's upcoming 'The Life of a Showgirl' album, Billboard can confirm that to be the case. As opposed to sampling Michael's "Father Figure," however, Swift will interpolate the evergreen smash in her version.⁠ II. mathematics specialized 内插法. to add a number or item into the middle of a series, calculated based on the numbers or items before and after it: They use special software to intelligently interpolate the missing values. Additional jobs are evaluated and their monetary values for each factor interpolated into the scale. III. to interrupt someone by saying something: "How very odd to say all that!" I interpolated. 3. sap [sæp] to make someone weaker or take away strength or an important quality from someone, especially over a long period of time. If something saps your strength or confidence, it gradually weakens or destroys it. I was afraid the sickness had sapped my strength. Analysts say the recession has sapped investor confidence. Constant criticism saps you of your confidence. Taking care of her dying mother had sapped all her energy. noun. I. 树汁. 汁液. the liquid that carries food to all parts of a plant. Sap is the watery liquid in plants and trees. The leaves, bark and sap are also common ingredients of local herbal remedies. Maple syrup is obtained from the sap of the sugar maple tree. Swifties anytime Ariana sings about sex and doesn't write it like "he stuck his long wood into my redwood forest and let his sap ferment my roots". II. mainly US informal a stupid person who can easily be tricked or persuaded to do something. If you describe someone as a sap, you think they are foolish. Some poor sap of a headmaster is in trouble. He'll lie around and let some other poor sap do all the work. the sap is rising 兴致勃勃起来, 来了劲头, 起劲 UK humorous literally, referring to the spring increase in tree sap flow due to rising temperatures, and metaphorically, to describe a general sense of renewed energy, vitality, and awakening, especially after a period of dormancy or gloom. It signals the coming of new life, growth, and excitement, much like the biological process in plants that heralds the arrival of spring. an expression used to mean that people start to have more energy and feel more interested in love and sex, for example in spring. dickmatized (slang, vulgar) Impressed by or obsessed with a penis. dickmatize (transitive, slang, vulgar) To make dickmatized. Forgive me, it sounds cocky. He ah-matized me and opened my eyes. Redwood tree, it ain't hard to see. His love was the key that opened my thighs. 4. Stencilling 喷字模型, 喷漆模子, 模型喷漆( [ˈstens(ə)l] a piece of card or plastic with a shape or letters cut out of it. a piece of flat material in which shapes or letters have been cut out, so that when you paint or draw over it, images of the shapes or letters that have been cut out will be left on the surface below, or the patterns or letters made by this method. You place it on a surface and paint over it to make a design on something. a. the design or letters painted using this method. verb. to make a design on a surface using a stencil. If you stencil a design or if you stencil a surface with a design, you put a design on a surface using a stencil. He then stencilled the ceiling with a moon and stars motif. ...a stencilled design. The back of the chair was painted solid black with designs stenciled in gold. he did a stencil of a rainbow on her daughter's bedroom wall. ) produces an image or pattern by applying pigment 色素 to a surface over an intermediate object with designed gaps in it which create the pattern or image by only allowing the pigment to reach some parts of the surface. The stencil is both the resulting image or pattern and the intermediate object; the context in which stencil is used makes clear which meaning is intended. In practice, the (object) stencil is usually a thin sheet of material, such as paper, plastic, wood or metal, with letters or a design cut from it, used to produce the letters or design on an underlying surface by applying pigment through the cut-out holes in the material. The key advantage of a stencil is that it can be reused to repeatedly and rapidly produce the same letters or design. Although aerosol or painting stencils can be made for one-time use, typically they are made with the intention of being reused. To be reusable, they must remain intact after a design is produced and the stencil is removed from the work surface. With some designs, this is done by connecting stencil islands (sections of material that are inside cut-out "holes" in the stencil) to other parts of the stencil with bridges (narrow sections of material that are not cut out). proclivity [proʊˈklɪvəti] 癖好, 偏好, 爱好, 天性爱好或不爱 a tendency to want to do a particular thing, especially something bad. A proclivity is a tendency to behave in a particular way or to like a particular thing, often a bad way or thing. the fact that someone likes something or likes to do something, especially something considered morally wrong: the sexual proclivities of celebrities. his proclivity for shapely 有形的 blondes. He was indulging his own sexual proclivities 性癖好. ...a proclivity to daydream. vocabulary: A proclivity is a natural tendency to like something, such as your sister's proclivity for restaurants that serve hot, spicy food. When you have a proclivity, it feels automatic — you like what you like; you don't even have to think about it. The origin of the word proclivity supports this feeling. Proclivity comes from the Latin word proclivis, which literally means "sloping forward." You slide toward a proclivity — no effort is needed. You just give in to it, since you're headed in that direction naturally. 5. A drum (大油桶, barrel = cask 啤酒桶(中间粗两端细的那种桶). bucket 水桶, 提水用的桶, 没有盖子的桶, 小点的cask/barrel 叫keg) (also called a barrel) is a cylindrical shipping container used for shipping bulk cargo. Drums can be made of steel, dense paperboard (commonly called a fiber drum), or plastic, and are generally used for the transportation and storage of liquids and powders. Drums are often stackable, and have dimensions designed for efficient warehouse and logistics use. This type of packaging is frequently certified for transporting dangerous goods. Proper shipment requires the drum to comply with all applicable regulations. Steel drums are ubiquitous industrial shipping containers. They are manufactured from sheets of cold rolled steel formed into a tube and welded along the side seam. Stainless steel, nickel, and special alloys are occasionally used. The bottom head is permanently attached by the manufacturer. Two primary options are available for the top head: Open head drum, removable head drum: Top head is attached after filling with a closing ring and bolted lock. Liquids, granular solids and waste are commonly shipped in these. Tight head drum, closed head drum, non-removable head drum: The top head is permanently attached by the manufacturer. It is usually made with one or two threaded access fittings, closed by threaded bungs after filling. Liquids are suited to these drums. A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers for liquids, usually alcoholic beverages;  small barrel or cask is known as a keg. 6. A loincloth 腰布 is a one-piece garment, either wrapped around itself or kept in place by a belt. It covers the genitals and sometimes the buttocks. Loincloths which are held up by belts or strings are specifically known as breechcloth or breechclout. Often, the flaps 门帘 hang down in front and back. Loincloths are worn in societies where no other clothing is needed or wanted. Loincloths are commonly used as an undergarment or swimsuit by wrestlers and by farmers in paddy fields in both Sri Lanka and India, where it is called Kovanam in Tamil, ambudaya in Sinhala and kaupinam or langot. The loincloth, or breechcloth, is a basic form of dress, often worn as the only garment. Men have worn a loincloth as a fundamental piece of clothing which covers their genitals, not the buttocks, in most societies which disapproved of genital nakedness throughout human history. The loincloth is in essence a piece of material, bark-bast, leather, or cloth, passed between the legs and covering the genitals. Despite its functional simplicity, the loincloth comes in many different forms. 7. Taylor Swift is an enormous commercial powerhouse. Her fandom is stupendously ( stupendous [stjuːˈpen.dəs] I. 惊人的, 巨大的, 非常大的. 非常多的. 巨多的. very surprising, usually in a pleasing way, especially by being large in amount or size. very great in amount or size. in a way that is very surprising, especially by being large in amount, size, or degree: Our charity appeal has been stupendously successful. The crew is stupendously ill-trained. He ran up stupendous debts. He ran up stupendous debts through his extravagant lifestyle. Stupendous news! We've won £500,000! He was a man of stupendous stamina and energy. This stupendous novel keeps you gripped to the end. ...a stupendous amount of money. He is a stupendously swift writer. II. extremely well: You are working stupendously! The Lion King did stupendously because it was a good movie. ) large, kind and loyal. "While Swift's life is extraordinary, it's also cloistered ( cloister ['klɔɪstər] 迴廊, 回廊 a covered passage around esp. a square open space within a religious building, or the space such a passage goes around. a covered stone passage around the four sides of a courtyard (= a square or rectangular space) especially in a religious building such as a church or monastery. ) by wealth and celebrity; perhaps the range of feelings she's allowed to experience has become circumscribed ( circumscribe [ˈsəːkəmskrʌɪb] verb. I. to limit something. If someone's power or freedom is circumscribed, it is limited or restricted. The army evidently fears that, under him, its activities would be severely circumscribed. There are laws circumscribing the right of individual citizens to cause bodily harm to others. Their movements have been severely circumscribed since the laws came into effect. There followed a series of tightly circumscribed visits to military installations. II. mathematics specialized If you circumscribe a triangle, square, etc., you draw a circle that surrounds it and touches each of its corners.)," says the New Yorker. 8. trigger-happy 着急, 急切, 急不可耐, 喜欢诉诸于暴力的, 动辄施暴的 adj. I. ready to react violently, especially by shooting, on the slightest provocation. Someone who is trigger-happy often uses his or her gun, shooting with very little reason: Some have accused the police of being trigger-happy. "territory controlled by trigger-happy bandits". II. disapproving ready to use violence or force immediately, without careful thought. If you describe someone as trigger-happy, you disapprove of them because they are too ready and willing to use violence and weapons, especially guns. He deplored the behaviour of his trigger-happy, hot-headed son. Some of them are a bit trigger-happy–they'll shoot at anything that moves. 8. brass tacks 基本事实, 最根本的事情 informal basic realities; hard facts. the most fundamental considerations; essentials; realities. get down to brass tacks to start talking about the most important or basic facts of a situation: Let's get down to brass tacks. Who's paying for all this? He said the review, which he described as a "brass tacks, commonsense look at the realities facing AUKUS", would conclude "by this fall". The fall, or autumn, in the US started on September 22 and ends on December 21. pip verb UK informal to beat someone either by a very small amount or right at the end of a competition. If someone is pipped to something such as a prize or an award, they are defeated by only a small amount. O'Sullivan's team were pipped by France, who scored in injury time. She pipped Jennifer Lawrence to the part. be pipped at the post = to pip someone at the post = pip sb to the post 打败, 战胜 If someone is pipped at the post or pipped to the post they are just beaten in a competition or in a race to achieve something. I didn't want us to be pipped to the post. I got through to the final interview, but I was pipped at the post (= in the final stage) by a candidate with better qualifications. Turkish Airlines pips Qantas with non-stop Sydney-Europe flights: Direct flights between Sydney and Istanbul are set to begin next year.

collagen: 1. As you age, a glance in the mirror may reveal a few fine lines, wrinkles, age spots and sagging skin. You may become more worried about the thickness of your hair, your creaking joints or a loss of muscle. Ingestible 可被吸收的((of food or liquid) capable of being taken into the body. ingest I. to take (food or liquid) into the body. to eat or drink something. to take food or liquid into the stomach: These mushrooms are poisonous if ingested 摄入. The chemicals can be poisonous if ingested. II. (of a jet engine) to suck in (an object, a bird, etc).) collagen, the protein supplement that's skyrocketed in popularity, is said to help improve all of those things. So should you begin popping a collagen pill, or sprinkling it in your coffee, as part of your anti-aging routine? While the evidence on collagen is far from conclusive, most clinicians agree there's little downside in trying it if you wish – as long as you keep expectations in check and a few things in mind. 2. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body. It provides structure and support to tissues, including skin, hair and nails, as well as muscle, bone, cartilage [ˈkɑːtɪlɪdʒ] 软骨, 脆骨 ( a strong, elastic type of tissue found in humans in the joints and other places such as the nose, throat, and ears. (a piece of) a type of strong tissue found in humans in the joints (= places where two bones are connected) and other places such as the nose, throat, and ears: He has a torn cartilage in his knee. Cartilage is a strong, flexible substance in your body, especially around your joints and in your nose. ...a serious knee cartilage injury. Chondroitin [kɒnˈdrəʊɪtɪn] 软骨素 is a dietary supplement for osteoarthritis, supporting cartilage health and reducing inflammation and pain. While evidence is mixed on its effectiveness, many studies suggest benefits in pain reduction and decreased need for painkillers, though long-term structural improvements to the joint are uncertain. It's often paired with glucosamine and is generally considered safe, with mild side effects like stomach upset. ) and tendons. Beef, pork and marine life are all popular sources for collagen supplements, which offer the protein in a hydrolyzed form. That means it's broken down into smaller units, including amino acids and peptides ( peptide [ˈpep.taɪd] 肽 a chemical compound that is made of a small chain of two or more amino acids. any of a group of compounds consisting of two or more amino acids linked by chemical bonding between their respective carboxyl and amino groups.), that are easily absorbed and can find their way into tissues, including the skin. The supplements specifically contain high amounts of three amino acids that are key building blocks for collagen synthesis in the body: glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. 3. There are three different types of collagen supplements: marine (from fish), bovine [ˈbəʊ.vaɪn] (from cows) ( I. connected with animals from the cattle group: a bovine virus. II. [disapproval] 老牛似的, 慢吞吞的. slow or stupid in a way that a cow is thought to be. If you describe someone's behaviour or appearance as bovine, you think that they are stupid or slow. I'm depressed by the bovine enthusiasm of the crowd's response. He had a gentle, slightly bovine expression. noun. I. an animal from the cattle group, which includes cows, buffalo, and bison: The animals in the picture are bovines and they are eating grass. a herd of horned bovines. II. connected with cows, or like a cow because of being slow or stupid. ), and vegan. Of the three, the dermatologist recommends marine if you are taking collagen orally. This is because it contains more type 1 collagen - the most common of the five types and the one that gives structure to our skin cells, as well as playing a crucial role in the health of our bones, tendons and connective tissues. Vegan collagen is the least effective, says Ms Wedgeworth. Collagen is an animal-derived protein, so these products are not actually made of collagen, and instead contain a range of amino acids and vitamins. The collagen found in wellness products typically comes from fish scales (known as marine collagen), or the cartilage, bones, tendons or hides of various animals (sometimes called bovine collagen). Cosmetic chemist Michelle Wong says "in general, [collagen supplements] don't have a ton of evidence".  But, she says, some small studies suggest collagen that is broken down into smaller, easier-to-process fragments — known as hydrolysed collagen — may get through the blood barrier. "There have been studies that have found that if you take hydrolysed collagen that has [the amino acid] hydroxyproline in it, it breaks up and the hydroxyproline survives in your stomach, making it into your blood." Studies in test tubes suggest that while these fragments don't reform to make collagen, they may stimulate the production of hyaluronic acid. In in vitro studies, they take these fragments and put them on skin cells, and the cells have produced more hyaluronic acid, which is one of the things in your dermis ( dermis [ˈdɝː.mɪs] the thick layer of skin under the epidermis (= thin outer layer) that contains blood vessels, sweat glands and nerve endings. the dense inner layer of skin beneath the epidermis, composed of connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, and an elaborate sensory nerve network. ) that can plump up your skin," Dr Wong says.

The purpose of men-only clubs like Melbourne's Savage Club seems almost neurotic: The grand front entrance, featuring red timber doors 木门 and stone, to the Savage Club in Melbourne. The last time I had cause to ( have cause to (do something) 有正当理由, 有合理理由 To have a clear, legitimate reason to do something. to have a justifiable reason to do something.  If you violate your parole like that, the police will have cause to arrest you, OK? If your parking meter expires, then I have cause to give you a ticket. That's just how it works, sweetheart. I did nothing wrong, so the cops had no cause to bring me down to the station! Do you have cause to think that Mary took your money? He had no cause to yell at me like that.) write about the 131-year-old, men-only Melbourne establishment, the Savage Club, I was taking photos with my little Nokia of a comatose ( 昏迷状态的. 昏迷中的. [ˈkəʊ.mə.təʊs] I. very tired or in a deep sleep because of extreme tiredness, hard work, or too much alcohol: By midnight I was virtually comatose. II. in a coma. (of a person) unconscious and not able to wake up, usually because of illness or injury: The traffic accident left him comatose with massive brain damage.  ) former ACTU official, Greg Sword, as he was being gingerly inserted into 塞进, 塞入 the back of an ambulance. Sword had spent a very, very long Friday afternoon at the Savage Club, which sits like Gringotts ( Gringotts Wizarding Bank is the sole financial institution for witches and wizards in Britain, established in 1474 by the goblin Gringott, and located in London's Diagon Alley. It is known for its extreme security, with deeply buried, high-security vaults accessible through a complex system of subterranean tunnels and trolleys, operated by the bank's goblin staff.  Gringotts Wizarding Bank was the only wizarding bank in Great Britain, and was owned and operated by goblins. It was founded by a goblin named Gringott in 1474. Its main offices were located around the North Side of Diagon Alley in London, England. In addition to storing money and valuables for wizards and witches, one could go there to exchange Muggle money for wizarding money, which appeared to not be very difficult, as shown when Hermione Granger's parents did so while paying for her school supplies. The currency exchanged by Muggles was later returned to circulation in the Muggle world by goblins. ) on Bank Place, in the Harry Potter corner of the city. After many hours at the club, Sword and his lunch companion, former beer mogul and one-time Liberal prime ministerial hopeful, John Elliott, went on drinking at Syracuse, the bar across the road, but Elliott had volubly [ˈvɒl.jə.bli] ( in a way that involves a lot of words, spoken confidently and forcefully. If you say that someone is voluble, you mean that they talk a lot with great energy and enthusiasm. She was voluble with excitement. Bert is a voluble, gregarious man. In the next booth along, he could see an elderly lady, talking volubly. He protested volubly at the trick that had been played on him. She is talking rather too volubly, waving her hands. ) abandoned Sword, after he had locked himself in a women's toilet and could not be coaxed out by the staff. I was there at the time, watching and recording all of it in my little notebook, as Elliott had moved unsteadily from table to table at which any attractive young woman was seated, until he finally gave up and Sword made his dash for the loos. Asked by the hapless 倒霉的 maître d' to please intervene 介入, 管一管, Elliott had barked, "He's not my problem!" and stomped out the door. Although it's entirely possible that the man who hoped to Fosterise the world really yelled: "Pig's arse!"  In the end, an ambulance was called. When I rang Sword the next day to inquire after his welfare, he told me he had been on medication which he had mixed with alcohol. He was mercifully feeling better. It's a story that's followed me for years, and yet that incident has remained my sole peek inside the door of a club so exclusive that this week it almost blew up over the mere idea of letting a woman like me sit at a table for an Elliott/Sword-style long lunch. With presumably a lot less booze. Barely three months into a six-month trial 试运行, 试行, the majority members of the exclusive Savage Club have voted to end immediately a proposal to allow women to lunch in the main dining room on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Tuesdays and Wednesdays only. Now, don't think for a second that this idea was a feminist takeover: in the grand tradition of Melbourne's men's clubs — all founded when the city was drowning in gold — I am happy to report that steely, capitalist principles alone informed the idea of the trial: the Savage Club needed the money. The then club president had bemoaned to members that lunch attendances were falling, as business groups and members wanting to dine with their wives had to seek alternative city restaurants. A club info sheet sniffed (sniff I. to smell something by taking air in through your nose: He sniffed his socks to see if they needed washing. Dogs love sniffing each other. She sniffed at her glass of wine before tasting it. Dogs are sometimes used at airports to sniff out (= find by smelling) drugs in people's luggage. He was expelled from school for sniffing glue (= taking in the gas from glue because of the feelings of pleasure that this gives). II. 吸鼻子. to take air in quickly through your nose, usually to stop the liquid inside the nose from flowing out: You're sniffing a lot - do you have a cold? III. 鄙夷不屑的说. to speak in an unpleasant way, showing that you have a low opinion of something. to express a bad opinion of something or someone; to show disapproval: The museum's front lawn does not need to be cluttered with silly pop art, sniffed a newspaper editorial. "They didn't even serve wine at dinner!" she sniffed. ) that the places these members and their presumably inconveniently gendered partners had been chased to 赶去 were "probably nowhere near as good as the Savage Club", so something had to be done to get them back (someone send that guy a Melbourne Good Food Guide, stat). So, a trial commenced, on those days only. It did not go well. A faction of men angry at the invasion called for an extraordinary meeting in an email that was just as extraordinary. For the kids playing along at home, see if you can spot the fallacy: "The loud and boisterous bohemian behaviour that the club is famous for will now have to be tempered for fear of upsetting a 'Karen' at the other end of the dining room. "Our wives no longer will have the comfort of knowing we are at a male-only venue, so long hours spent at the club will no longer be viewed as favourable on the home front." Can you see it? On the one hand, men will become neutered and constrained by the mere presence of women but, at the same time, they might become wild and be plausibly accused by their wives of poor behaviour if said women were there at all. Such alluring women would, of course, only be there in the company of their male partners and therefore preoccupied with their own marriage, but let's put that to one side. These clubs are the weirdest anomaly: Women in the dining room — or "ducks on the pond ( ducks on the pond I. (Australia) 有女人在. A coded warning used by men to alert each other that female guests ("ducks") are present ("on the pond"), so that for politeness they should moderate their language. II. (baseball) Members of a batting order who are on base; baserunners. There are two ducks on the pond for the cleanup hitter. III. 有客人来了. (Car Sales) There are customers arriving on the car lot. Ducks on the pond. Who is up?)", as the immoveable Australian tradition would have it — had become intolerable. And here the trial ends. One assumes the Savage Club will now have to hire Melbourne luminary chef, Andrew McConnell, to keep the wandering palates of male members (and their wives) firmly at Bank Place. For the women who were part of the trial, never has the Groucho Marx dictate 口述 been more meaningful: writer Jen Vuk was one of them. If they wanted to have her as a member, she didn't want to join. Writing in The Age, Vuk believed she'd dodged a bullet — or a chewy braised kidney: "You can keep the nostalgia, exclusivity, taxidermy and misogyny," she sniffed. These clubs, which still exist right around the country, are the weirdest anomaly. They sit jostled up against the Australia they firmly shut their doors against: the ramen bars and hookah ( A hookah 水烟袋 (also see other names), shisha, or waterpipe is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for heating or vaporizing and then smoking either tobacco, flavored tobacco (often muʽassel), or sometimes cannabis, hashish and opium. The smoke is passed through a water basin—often glass-based—before inhalation. ) joints and dumpling cafes and nightclubs and restaurants and shops owned and run by the generations of migrated Australians not represented in their membership. I've only set foot in one of them, I think. I can't remember who invited me to lunch, but I vividly recall weak sunlight filtering through heavy Victorian windows that didn't seem to have been cracked open since Edward the Seventh was tupping Lily Langtree. Old men were nodding off over their cauliflower soup, and I could smell the dust. I perched on the edge of my chair with buttocks clenched: there wasn't a surface I wanted to touch. I was part of an original group of Melburnians who were invited by Myer scion and arts patron, Carillo Gantner, to be foundation members of a rival club to the untouchable establishment, but I couldn't muster the enthusiasm 提不起兴趣. And the former state shadow treasurer, Louise Staley, once spotted me lurking in the foyer of the Lyceum Club, waiting for the architect, Kerstin Thompson, who had completed a beautiful redevelopment of the 113-year-old women-only club. She asked if I wanted to become a member: it was useful to have a place in town you could sit and make some calls, ease off your shoes and pull out your laptop, she said. The Lyceum was founded next door to the Melbourne Club as a place for the excluded wives to go while the members were at lunch. Standing in the club's lovely tree-top level lounge, you look down over the grand rear garden of the Melbourne Club — a clever way to keep an eye on the goings-on back there. No thank you, I said. Groucho knows why. This weekend, my admirable colleagues are the greatest defenders of our great democracy, at a time when this institution has never seemed more fragile. Here is the brilliant Julia Baird introducing you to this year's Boyer Lectures, which focuses on Australia's "future in a changing world"; and the wonderful Annabel Crabb has taken over the national sausage sizzle with her new social history program, Annabel Crabb's Civic Duty  — everything you always needed to know about our political process. 

chalk line, plumb bob, plumb line, spirt level = bubble level. molar 嚼牙, premolar, canine, incisor 门牙

用法学习: 1. for turning ( = change course): Asked whether he had been met with a "brick wall" when raising the issue with Mr Butler and the treasurer and prime minister, Mr Minns responded that he had tried to call out the issue publicly, but the government "doesn't look like they are for turning 转向". "The lady's not for turning" was a phrase used by Margaret Thatcher, then Prime Minister, in her speech to the Conservative Party Conference on 10 October 1980. The term has thus been applied as a name to the speech in its entirety. It is considered a defining speech in Thatcher's political development, becoming something of a Thatcherite motto. The phrase made reference to Thatcher's refusal to perform a "U-turn" in response to opposition to her liberalisation of the economy, which some commentators as well as her predecessor as Conservative leader Edward Heath had urged, mainly because unemployment had risen to 2 million by the autumn of 1980 from 1.5 million the previous year and the economy was in recession, with unemployment exceeding 3 million by the time the recession ended in 1982. It was written by the playwright Sir Ronald Millar, who had been Thatcher's speech-writer since 1973, and was a pun on the 1948 play The Lady's Not for Burning by Christopher Fry, although Thatcher missed the reference herself. Millar had intended the "you turn if you want to" line, which preceded it, to be the most popular, and it received an ovation itself, but it was "the lady's not for turning" that received the headlines. 2. skip town/skip the country 逃离, 跑路, 逃走, 逃跑 informal to leave a place suddenly and secretly, especially to avoid being punished or paying debts. To abscond from one's place of residence suddenly, without warning. The suspect skipped town when he found out the police were going to raid his apartment. Then they found that Zaffuto had already skipped town. A flag officer 旗官( Hundreds of US generals (Used in armies and air forces. Generals are often associated with stars on their insignia; Admirals with anchors and naval symbols.) and admirals (a naval officer of the highest rank. An admiral is a senior officer in a navy. ) around the globe have been called to Virginia for a meeting with Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth next Tuesday, several US officials told CNN, though the reason for the meeting is unclear. The meeting is expected to be held at the military installation in Quantico, Virginia, multiple officials said, adding that no one seems to know what the meeting is about, including the general and flag officers themselves, or why it was suddenly added to the calendar. It's unclear if the order was for all general and flag officers — those with the rank of one star or higher — or just those in certain command or leadership roles. The meeting comes as the Trump administration has fired a slew of high-profile general and flag officers since taking office in January, in many instances due to Hegseth's campaign against diversity-related issues, but often also for unspecified reasons. Hegseth also ordered the Defense Department in May to cut the number of four-star generals and admirals by at least 20%. Before taking on the role of defense secretary, Hegseth repeatedly voiced disdain for much of the military's currently serving general and flag officer corps. In a podcast appearance last summer, Hegseth said a third of the military's senior officers are "actively complicit" in what he argued is a move towards politicization of the military. In a second podcast, he said senior officers are "playing by all the wrong rules" to cater to "idealogues in Washington, DC." ) is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark the position from which that officer exercises command. Different countries use the term "flag officer" in different ways: In many countries, a flag officer is a senior officer of the navy, specifically one holding any of the admiral ranks; the term may or may not include the rank of commodore. In some countries, such as the United States, India, and Bangladesh, the designation may apply in all armed forces, not just in the navy. This means generals can also be considered flag officers. The generic title of flag officer is used in many modern navies and coast guards to denote those who hold the rank of rear admiral or its equivalent and above, also called "flag ranks". In some navies, this also includes the rank of commodore. Flag officer corresponds to the generic terms general officer, used by land and some air forces to describe all grades of generals, and air officer, used by other air forces to describe all grades of air marshals and air commodores. A flag officer sometimes is a junior officer, called a flag lieutenant or flag adjutant, attached as a personal adjutant or aide-de-camp. 3. coin toss 抛硬币 the act of throwing a coin up in the air and having it land on the ground or on a surface with one of its two sides facing up, usually for the purpose of deciding between two choices. an act of throwing a coin in the air and guessing which side will land facing upward as a way of deciding something: United won the coin toss. Eventually, the winner was decided on a coin toss. They qualified for competition on the toss of a coin. Traditionally, a coin toss determines who begins the game. At one point there was even talk of the ballot being decided on the toss of a coin. It's absurd that something so important is decided by a coin toss. At the start of the football match, the visiting team won the coin toss and chose which goal to attack. We performed a coin toss to determine whether Michael or Sarah would get the last cupcake. wiki: Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails is using the thumb to make a coin go up while spinning in the air and checking which side is showing when it is down onto a surface, in order to randomly choose between two alternatives. It is a form of sortition which inherently has two possible outcomes. In probability theory and statistics, a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials with probability 1/2 of success on each trial is metaphorically called a fair coin. One for which the probability is not 1/2 is called a biased or unfair coin. In theoretical studies, the assumption that a coin is fair is often made by referring to an ideal coin. 4. symbiotic [ˌsɪmbʌɪˈɒtɪk] 共生关系, 互利互助的 ( symbiosis noun.) adjective Biology I. involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association. A symbiotic relationship is one in which organisms, people, or things exist together in a way that benefits them all. ...fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the trees of these northwestern forests. Racing has always had a symbiotic relationship with betting. "the fungi form symbiotic associations with the roots of plant species". II. denoting a mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups. involving people or organizations that depend on each other equally: a passionate, symbiotic love affair. "the reader can have a symbiotic relationship with the writer". A tin hat or tin foil hat is, literally, a hat made of tin foil or aluminum foil, often worn to block electromagnetic fields, mind control, or telepathic transmissions. Figuratively, the term refers to a person who is paranoid, believes in conspiracy theories, or deliberately ignores parts of a story's canon ( canon [kænən] (canonical adj) noun. I. A canon is a member of the clergy who is on the staff of a cathedral. II. A canon of texts is a list of them that is accepted as genuine or important. He had to read a canon of accepted literary texts. ...the Irish literary canon.  the writings or other works that are generally agreed to be good, important, and worth studying: He has made it into the canon 名作, 名著 of English poetry. She argues that the canon must be opened up to more non-European writers. People sometimes think the classical music canon finishes around 1900. all the writings or other works known to be by a particular person: the Shakespearean canon. This is as important a piece of music as any in the Mahler canon. III. A canon is a general rule or principle. a rule, principle, or law, especially in the Christian Church The very first canon of nursing is to keep the air inside as fresh as the air outside. IV. a book, TV show, film, etc. that its fans (= people who like it very much) use to base their own stories, activities, etc. on: Things fans might produce in honour of a canon include paintings, comics, videos, fan fiction and cosplay. Many Harry Potter fans don't consider anything but the published books to be canon. V. a piece of music or a way of singing in which one part starts, and then the other parts join in with the same music, one after another: in canon The phrases are chanted in canon by the monks as a form of meditation. sing a canon The music teacher taught the class to sing a canon.  ) to suit their preferences. The term originated from the stereotype of conspiracy theorists wearing these hats to protect their minds from perceived external threats. A tin foil hat is a hat made from one or more sheets of tin foil or aluminium foil, or a piece of conventional headgear lined with foil, often worn in the belief or hope that it shields the brain from threats such as electromagnetic fields, mind control, and mind reading. The notion of wearing homemade headgear for such protection has become a popular stereotype and byword for paranoia, persecutory delusions, and belief in pseudoscience and conspiracy theories. 5. chalk line 墨斗 a cord rubbed with chalk and used for marking a guide line (as on cement work or on a board). a chalked string for making a straight line on a large surface, as a wall, by holding the string taut against the surface and snapping it to transfer the chalk. A plumb bob, plumb bob level, or plummet 铅锤, 铅垂线的球, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical direction as a reference line, or plumb-line. It is a precursor to the spirit level and used to establish a vertical datum. A spirit level, bubble level 水平计, or simply a level, is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb) 垂直的( plumb [plʌm] verb. I. 布管道. to supply a building or a device with water pipes, or to connect a building or a device to a water pipe. When someone plumbs a building, they put in all the pipes for carrying water. She learned to wire and plumb the house herself. We've discovered that our house isn't plumbed properly. plumb something into something I think we can plumb the new bath into the existing pipes. plumb something in Have you plumbed the dishwasher in yet? When someone plumbs in a device such as a washing machine, toilet, or bath, they connect it to the water and waste pipes in a building. Please come and plumb in my new central heating system. He had a washing machine plumbed in. II. to measure how deep something is, especially water. III. to understand or discover all about something. If you plumb something mysterious or difficult to understand, you succeed in understanding it. She never abandoned her attempts to plumb my innermost emotions. Magda had plumbed her own heart for answers. Now that she had begun, she wanted to plumb her own childhood further. to plumb the depths of sth I. to go down deep into something, especially the sea: Humans have taken trips off the planet and plumbed the depths of the ocean. II. to study or examine something or someone in a lot of detail: The journalist attempted to plumb the depths of the secretive vice president. Researchers have plumbed the depths of voter fatigue. III. to reach a very unhappy or bad point. If someone plumbs the depths of an unpleasant emotion or quality, they experience it or show it to an extreme degree. 探究. 一探究竟 Roy plumbed the depths of despair when his wife left him. Using nuclear weapons would plumb the depths of depravity.  They frequently plumb the depths of loneliness, humiliation and despair. Is this the first of many questions that will plumb the depths of stupidity? to plumb new depths = plumb greater depths, plumb further depths 恶化, 变得更糟糕 If you say that something plumbs new depths, you mean that it is worse than all the things of its kind that have existed before, even though some of them have been very bad. Racism involving sports stars has plumbed new depths in recent weeks. Their long-running feud has plumbed greater depths. The last show was bad, but with this new show the broadcaster has plumbed further depths. Relations between the two countries have plumbed new depths. Last night's harrowing television pictures plumbed new depths of depravity. adv. I. US informal completely. Plumb is used to give emphasis to an adjective or verb that describes a feeling or condition. [US, informal, spoken, emphasis] I find I'm plumb depressed by it. This thing has plumb worn me out. I plumb forgot your birthday. II. If something is plumb in a particular place, it is exactly in that place. The hotel is set plumb in the middle of the high street. adj. 铅锤的. exactly straight, usually describing a vertical surface or line: When you hang a door, you need to make sure that it is both level and plumb. out of plumb 不垂直的 not straight vertically: The external wall is out of plumb by half a metre. ). It is called a "spirit level" because the liquid inside its vial is commonly alcohol, or "spirit". The name refers to this alcohol-based solution, which, along with an air bubble, indicates whether a surface is level or plumb. Alcohol was historically preferred over water because it has a wider temperature range, won't freeze, and provides less friction for the bubble, ensuring greater accuracy and longevity of the tool. Two basic designs exist: tubular 柱状的(ˈtjuːbjʊlə) (or linear) and bull's eye (or circular). Different types of spirit levels may be used by carpenters, stonemasons, bricklayers, other building trades workers, surveyors, millwrights and other metalworkers, and in some photographic or videographic work. 6. A pièce de résistance 精华, 最重要的部分, 压轴 is a French term meaning "piece of resistance," referring to the most impressive, noteworthy, or prized feature of something, such as a meal or a collection. It can be the main dish of a meal, a showpiece, a special attraction, or any outstanding item that serves as a highlight or crowning glory within a series of things. pièce de résistance [rɪˈzɪstɒ̃s] = piece de resistance plural pieces de resistance the best and most important or exciting thing, often the last in a series of things: The pièce de résistance of his stage act was a brilliant Barbra Streisand impression. The piece de resistance was undoubtedly the creme brulee with strawberry compote. The pièce de résistance of a collection or series of things is the most impressive thing in it. The pièce de résistance, however, was a gold evening gown. congest I. crowd (a road or place) so as to hinder or prevent freedom of movement. "uncontrolled development will congest our streets". II. 堵塞. cause (a part of the body) to fill abnormally with blood or other fluid. "high-pressured adrenaline congested my veins". III. 鼻塞. block (the respiratory tract) with mucus so as to hinder breathing. "drinking alcohol in the evening can congest nasal passages". congested I. (of a road or place) so crowded with traffic or people as to hinder or prevent freedom of movement. "the congested streets of the West End". II. (of a part of the body) abnormally full of blood. "congested arteries". III. 鼻塞的, 鼻子堵了 (of the respiratory tract) blocked with mucus so as to hinder breathin. 7. put somebody/something away I. to put something in the place where it is usually kept. Kids, please put your toys away before dinner. I decided to put away all the decorations right after the party so I didn't have to do it the next day. He put his toys away every night. II. to save money We're putting some money away for expenses. III. to put someone in a prison or in a mental hospital. To send someone to a prison or mental institution. They put the notorious gangster away for 40 years, with no chance of parole. Because they didn't understand the nature of schizophrenia at the time, my great-grandparents put my granny away when she was a little girl. If you are found guilty, the judge is going to put you away for life. IV. 吃掉. 喝掉. 消耗掉. 吃光. informal to eat or drink a lot. To eat or drink the entirety of something, especially quickly or easily. Wow, that kid sure can put away his food! I can usually put away a bottle of wine by myself. I expect them to put that pizza away in five minutes. It's amazing the amount that child can put away. V. I have put away a few fat birds back when I was young. VI. To stop focusing on or paying attention to something. Put your worries away for the moment and just enjoy your time at the beach. You have to put away your stage fright and focus on playing the music. VII. To kill someone. The man said he'd put me away if I told anyone that I'd seen him burying the money in the field. The prosecutor is worried that they'll put away the witnesses before they can testify. VIII. To bury someone. Because the ground is completely frozen, they won't be able to put my father away for at least another month. 8. the boot/shoe is on the other foot 此一时彼一时了, 情况反过来了, 位置交换了 If you say, in British English, the boot is on the other foot or, mainly in American English, the shoe is on the other foot, you mean that a situation has been reversed completely, so that the person who was in the better position before is now in the worse one. the situation is now the opposite of what it was, especially because someone who was weak now has power. You're not in a position to remove me. The boot is now on the other foot. milieu [miːlˈjɜː] plural milieux or milieus the people, physical, and social conditions and events that provide the environment in which someone acts or lives. the people and the physical and social conditions and events that provide a background in which someone acts or lives: the Irish-Catholic milieu of Chicago. a cultural milieu. It is a study of the social and cultural milieu in which Michelangelo lived and worked. Your milieu is the group of people or activities that you live among or are familiar with. They stayed, safe and happy, within their own social milieu. His natural milieu is that of the arts. alpine [ˈæl.paɪn] I. relating to the Alps: Alpine ski resorts. (also Alpine). II. 高山滑雪. relating to skiing down from high slopes wearing boots attached to long, wide skis, rather than skiing across the countryside: The Alpine events at this year's Winter Olympics are being held at the internationally famous venue. She is one of the world's best alpine skiers. III. 高山的. 高海拔区域的. relating to high mountain areas: Our window looked out on a beautiful alpine scene. "Unfortunately, they were not prepared for bushwalking and found themselves overwhelmed by the extreme weather conditions." The group lacked essential safety equipment including personal locator beacons and appropriate clothing for alpine conditions. 9. in the stars going to happen I guess romance just isn't in the stars for me right now. written in the stars 注定的事 If you believe that something is written in the stars, you believe that it will be made to happen by a force that controls the future: It was written in the stars that they would meet and fall in love. something is predestined, fated, or destined to happen by a force beyond human control, originating from ancient astrological beliefs that fate was written in the patterns of the stars. The phrase implies that an event was meant to occur and could not be changed by human actions. be six feet under humorous to be dead and buried: There's no point worrying about it - we'll both be six feet under by then. go to pieces = fall to pieces I. become so upset or nervous that one is unable to function normally. break up, come apart, or disintegrate. If you go to pieces, you are so upset or nervous that you lose control of yourself and cannot do what you should do. She's a strong woman, but she nearly went to pieces when Arnie died. we have an elderly fleet that is virtually falling to pieces". "my mother went to pieces after his death". If someone goes to pieces, they become so upset that they cannot control their feelings or think clearly: He went to pieces when his mother died. I went to pieces when I saw him. He was so hot, I couldn't handle it. II. (of a person) lose one's capacity to cope. "Angie fell to pieces because she had lost everything". molar 嚼牙 [ˈməʊ.lər](molar, premolar, canine, incisor 门牙) noun. Your molars are the large, flat teeth towards the back of your mouth that you use for chewing food. one of the large teeth at the back of the mouth in humans and some other animals used for crushing and chewing food. I was having some pain in my upper right molar. Dental sealant can be painted on the molars and premolars to prevent tooth decay. adj. 体积摩尔浓度 (of a liquid) containing one mole of a substance dissolved in each litre of liquid: A solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L is said to be 1 molar. A 0.1 molar solution of baking soda has a pH of around 8.3. sealant [ˈsiː.lənt] 密封胶 a substance such as paint or polish that is painted onto a surface to protect it from other liquids going into it, or is put in the space between two materials for the same reason. A sealant is a substance that is used to seal holes, cracks, or gaps. One tip when applying sealant to your bath is to fill it with water beforehand. 10. subversive [səbˈvəːsɪv] 推翻传统的, 打破传统的 seeking or intended to subvert an established system or institution. "subversive literature". Bad Bunny as the Super Bowl halftime performer is an obvious - and subversive - choice. trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system. tending to weaken or destroy an established political system, organization, or authority: The FBI had the duty of obtaining evidence of subversive activity. subversive elements/groups in society. subversive ideas/influences. The book describes the techniques that Hitler used to subvert democracy in the Weimar Republic. This courageous and subversive movie has attracted widespread critical support. noun. Subversives are people who attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government. Agents regularly rounded up suspected subversives. To "do one's back in" 闪了腰了 is a British English idiom meaning to injure one's back badly, often from a strenuous task or heavy lifting. It implies a significant injury, similar to "I can't work today, I've done my back in". "Be careful with that heavy pot, you don't want to do your back in". "He did his back in carrying that sofa upstairs". Put your back into it 竭尽全力, 竭尽所能, 全力以赴: To put a lot of effort and strength into a task. to use a lot of physical effort to try to do something. to devote all one's strength to (a task). To put a lot of effort into doing something as quickly or effectively as possible. Come on, we need to get this car off the road. Put your back into it and push! It's clear that the legislators have put their backs into crafting a bill that will find support across party lines, as well as in the general population. You could dig this plot in an afternoon if you really put your back into it. Break one's back: To overwork or work extremely hard. He broke his back to get the project done on time. Have (got) someone's back/neck/ass: To be ready to support or defend someone. To put forth a great deal of effort. I've been breaking my back trying to get a passing grade this semester, so failing by two measly points is incredibly frustrating. Don't break your back trying to please these people—they'll never appreciate it. I've been breaking my back to find a way out of these legal problems, but, as of now, I'm still going to prison. break one's neck has the secondary connotation of proceeding with reckless speed, a sense also conveyed by the term breakneck pace 飞快地, 急速地(carelessly fast and dangerous: They were riding along at breakneck speed/at a breakneck pace.). Originally this idiom alluded to literally breaking one's neck by rushing heedlessly along, but it has been used figuratively for the past 300 years. Turn one's back on = turn away from something: To reject or stop supporting someone or something. to stop being involved in something: The country cannot afford to turn its back on tourism. 11. Emma Watson: In a new interview, the actress said: "It's my deepest wish that I hope people who don't agree with my opinion will love me, and I hope I can keep loving people who I don't necessarily share the same opinion with." However, Rowling appeared to rebuff 批驳, 驳斥 her conciliatory [kənˈsɪliət(ə)ri] 和好的, 和解的, 安抚的, 抚慰的 ( showing willingness to end a disagreement, or trying to make someone less angry. intended to show that you care about the feelings or opinions of someone who is angry or upset with you: Fitzwater struck a conciliatory tone, saying he didn't think anybody was to blame. a conciliatory gesture/remark. The UK government was not in a conciliatory mood. The settlements come as Silicon Valley has generally taken a more conciliatory tone towards the president. The CEOs of Alphabet, Meta and X all sat in the front row for his inauguration, signalling a shift in relations between the Republican Party and the tech sector. ) comments, posting a message addressed to "anyone who may be regretting their very public sprint to the front of the mob and is now trying to discreetly shove their pitchfork out of sight". Watson and Daniel Radcliffe were among the stars who distanced themselves from Rowling when the author sparked a row by speaking out against trans activism, which she said had eroded the concept of biological sex. 12. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, and forms the scaffolding that helps maintain the structural integrity of our skin and musculoskeletal system. In short, collagen helps to keep our skin plump 丰润的, 丰盈, our joints and bones strong, and our hair and nails healthy. It's become so treasured that some dermatologists recommend "banking" it - investing in our collagen supply early so we have surplus when the inevitable (aging) happens. Our collagen supply naturally starts to decrease, on average around 1% a year, as we reach our mid to late 20s. The speed of its decline depends on factors like our exposure to the sun, diet, and stress levels. But is there credible science to say supplements can replenish 补充 our dwindling supply? And if so, what's the best way of getting it into our bodies? She says the idea that collagen can make its journey through our body - not the easiest of quests - and land exactly where we need it to be is probably wishful thinking. For a start, it has to get through the gut without being completely broken down. Collagen is a large molecule so companies have now started to break it up into smaller pieces - collagen peptides - otherwise known as hydrolysed collagen. Even though this collagen - now in its smaller form - has a better chance of making its way through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream, it still has a long way to go. It has to reach the skin to have an impact, and it could just as easily slip off to support other organs in the body. It's a valuable resource. "There is little reliable evidence on this, but there is a theory that because our skin is the organ with the 'fastest turnover' of cells, it might be more likely to use these collagen peptides above other organs." And that's when you might get an increase in collagen being made in the skin cells. While industry-funded studies suggested collagen supplements significantly improved skin hydration 皮肤湿润度, elasticity 皮肤弹性 ( elastic [ɪˈlæs.tɪk] (  = elastical 这种形式是老式的 ) adj. I. An elastic material is able to stretch and be returned to its original shape or size: She bunched her ponytail and slipped on an elastic hair band. A lot of sportswear is made of very elastic material. II. 有余地的. able or likely to be changed. If something that is not a physical object is elastic, it is able or likely to be changed: The project has only just started so any plans are still very elastic. In this country, time is an elastic concept. Our plans are still very elastic. III. 价格有弹性的. relating to a situation in which the number of products sold changes in relation to the product's price: We're seeing the elastic effect of lower component prices encouraging demand for PCs. Your problem is that you are in an exceptionally elastic market and your prices are simply not the lowest. Luxury goods are price elastic. IV. able to change when conditions change: International law must be elastic enough to meet new conditions created by change and progress in the world. elastically I. in a way that is able to stretch and return to its original shape or size: Your spine is designed to move elastically during exercise. The material can stretch elastically up to a certain point, and then breaks. II. in a way that is able or likely to change according to the situation: The business can adapt elastically to suit market demand. Some of the students interpreted these instructions elastically. ) and wrinkles, those that did not receive funding from pharmaceutical companies revealed no effect on skin. Prof Ali says industry-funded studies are not "inherently bad", it's just such a varied picture. But he says there is a lack of robust evidence to suggest oral and topical collagen have any substantial effect. So if I could turn back time and start drinking and banking collagen in my 20s, would I have smoother, more youthful skin now, I ask him? Probably not, he says. It doesn't stay in the body for that long - we haven't got a collagen store cupboard that we can just dip into. However, Prof Ali believes we can potentially boost collagen output and maintain elasticity in our skin by using special techniques such as laser collagen stimulation and microneedling. This means using a number of tiny, specialist needles or a laser to make small wounds to our skin, which then encourage a repair process, triggering new collagen formation. 13. shantytown 贫民区, 城乡结合部, 贫民窟, 棚户区 [ˈʃæn.t̬i.taʊn] an area in or on the edge of a city, in which poor people live in small, very cheaply built houses. an area in or near a city in which poor people live in small, badly built houses. a usually poor town or section of a town consisting mostly of shanties. At approach, as the flight cuts across the Arabian Sea and flies past the mangrove marshes 红树林, the great metropolis emerges - swarming with railway tracks, towering skyscrapers and the dense habitation of Asia's largest shantytown pressed tightly against the airport's periphery wall. shanty I. a small crudely built dwelling or shelter usually of wood. A shanty is a small rough hut which poor people live in, built from tin, cardboard, or other materials that are not very strong. II. A shanty is a song which sailors used to sing while they were doing work on a ship. ...one of my father's favourite sea-shanties. wiki: A shanty town, squatter area, squatter settlement, or squatter camp is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks, typically made of materials such as mud and wood, or from cheap building materials such as corrugated iron sheets. A typical shanty town is squatted and, at least initially, lacks adequate infrastructure, including proper sanitation, safe water supply, electricity and street drainage. Over time, shanty towns may develop their infrastructure and even change into middle class neighbourhoods. They can be small informal settlements or they can house millions of people. Globally, some of the largest shanty towns are Ciudad Neza in Mexico, Orangi in Pakistan and Dharavi in India. They are known by various names in different places, such as favela in Brazil, villa miseria in Argentina and gecekondu in Turkey. Shanty towns are mostly found in developing nations, but also in the cities of developed nations, such as Athens and Madrid. Cañada Real is considered the largest informal settlement in Europe. Shanty towns are sometimes found on places such as railway sidings, swampland or disputed building projects. In South Africa, squatter camps, often referred to as "plakkerskampe", directly translated from the Afrikaans word for squatter camps, often start and grow rapidly on vacant land or public spaces within or close to cities and towns, where there may be nearby work opportunities, without the cost of transport. 14. be short with someone 爱答不理 to speak to someone rudely without saying much. to speak to someone using very few words, in a way that seems rude or unfriendly. To speak or react to one in a curt or abrupt manner. I'm sorry for being short with you earlier. I've had a lot on my mind lately, and I didn't sleep well last night. Don't take it personally if the boss is short with you. She's just under a lot of pressure right now. Please don't be short with the children like that. They're just asking you questions. Sorry I was short with you on the phone this morning. You could tell Dad was worried about something because he was short with everyone. Rachel: When Carol was pregnant with Ben… Ross: Mmm? Rachel: …were you this irritating? Ross: Wow! Rachel: Excuse me?! Ross: Oh nothing. Nothing! Just uh, you've been a little short with me lately. I'm not trying to irritate you. Rachel: Well then you just must have a natural talent for it. Ross: Y'know what? The doctor will be in soon, why don't we not speak until then. 15. Morden Family: You know, honey, if anything were ever to happen to me, I would want you to get remarried. Okay. Mmm. That was a little fast 答应的太快了. Oh, no. I just want to make you happy. Okay. Any idea of who you would remarry? Vicky Conroy probably. She works in my office. She's very organized. The kids love her. Are you guys talking about Vicky? Yeah. Mom, she's awesome. Just so you know, if something were to happen to me, I- Something's gonna happen to you, all right. TBBT: Sheldon, you tried. What more could you have done? Hey, why didn't you invite him in the first place? You don't know what it was like growing up with him. Look, uh, short of ( short of something 除了, 不包括 I. not having enough of something. be short of = be short on something: I'm a little short of cash right now, so I can't lend you anything. She ran a little farther and then stopped, feeling short of breath (= felt as if she did not have enough air). to be short of space/time. We're short on coffee - I'd better get some more. The bill comes to £85, but we're £15 short. I'm a little short (= I do not have much money) this week - could you lend me ten dollars? II. Short of something also means not including something: There must be some punishment you can give him short of expelling him from school. short of (doing) something without actually doing something Short of locking her in her room, he couldn’t really stop her from seeing Jack. be nothing short of... used to emphasize a situation, quality, or type of behaviour: The party was nothing short of a disaster. Her behaviour was nothing short of obnoxious. His achievements as a political reformer have been nothing short of miraculous. to stop short of If someone stops short of doing something, they come close to doing it but do not actually do it. He stopped short of explicitly criticizing the government. The resolution stopped short of an outright declaration of independence. the long and the short of it 总而言之, 简短截说 said when you want to explain the general situation without giving details: The long and the short of it is that they are willing to start the work in January. ) getting on a plane and flying there, what does your mother expect you to do? I kept saying no. How am I here?

 Medusa, Medusa's head: 1. In Greek mythology, Medusa (美杜莎, 或译墨杜萨) ([mɪˈdjuːzə, -sə]), also called Gorgo (or the Gorgon, was one of the three Gorgons. Medusa is generally described as a woman with living snakes in place of hair; her appearance was so hideous that anyone who looked upon her was turned to stone. Medusa and her Gorgon sisters Euryale and Stheno were usually described as daughters of Phorcys and Ceto; of the three, only Medusa was mortal 会死的(immortal 长生不老的). Medusa was beheaded by the Greek hero Perseus, who then used her head, which retained its ability to turn onlookers to stone, as a weapon until he gave it to the goddess Athena to place on her shield. In classical antiquity, the image of the head of Medusa appeared in the evil-averting device known as the Gorgoneion. According to Hesiod and Aeschylus, she lived and died on Sarpedon, somewhere near Cisthene. The 2nd-century BC novelist Dionysios Skytobrachion puts her somewhere in Libya, where Herodotus had said the Berbers originated her myth as part of their religion. 2. "Medusa's Head [mɪˈdjuːzə]" (Das Medusenhaupt, 1922), by Sigmund Freud, is a very short, posthumously published essay on the subject of the Medusa Myth. Equating decapitation with castration, Freud maintained that the terror of Medusa was a reflection of the castration complex aroused in the young boy when the sight of the female genitals brought home the truth that females have no penis. The hair upon Medusa's head is frequently represented in works of art 艺术作品里 in the form of snakes. Freud considered that, as penis symbols derived from the pubic hair, they serve to mitigate the horror of the complex, as a form of overcompensation. This sight of Medusa's head makes the spectator stiff 身体僵硬 with terror, turns him to stone. Observe that we have here once again the same origin from the castration complex and the same transformation of effect. In the original situation, it offers consolation to the spectator: he is still in possession of a penis, and the stiffening reassures him of the fact. Medusa's head as a symbol of horror was classically worn upon her dress by the virgin goddess Athena. Freud considered that as a result, she became the unapproachable woman who repels all sexual desire by carrying (symbolically) the genitals of the mother. Freud argued further that, because displaying the genitals (male and female) can be an apotropaic act - one aimed at intimidating and driving off the spectator - so too was the defensive use of Medusa's head in classical Greece. Representations of her head - the so-called Gorgoneion - were pervasive there, appearing on walls, gates, fortifications, armour, and personal amulets. 3. The Versace logo is the head of Medusa, a Greek mythological figure. The logo came from the floor of ruins in the area of Reggio Calabria that the Versace siblings played in as children.

covenant VS pledge (tithe 份额捐献); rapture;

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.