用法学习: 1. long gone 早就没有了, 早就用完了, 早没了, 早扔了, 早光了 gone a long time ago; used up a long time ago. The ice cream and cake are long gone. You are simply too late for the refreshments. spending money 零花钱, 零用钱, 零钱 Cash for small personal needs. cash, as opposed to money in the bank. I'm a little short of spending money at the present. Could I borrow ten dollars? I don't have any spending money either. ready cash/money 现钱, 现金 Money that is immediately available to spend. They need investors with ready money if they're going to get the project started. small money零钱 hard money硬币. soft money钞票. cut that/it out 别干了, 别说了, 别做了 stop talking or doing something. His friends kept fooling around, and he kept hoping they'd cut it out. Usage notes: often used as an order: Nora, stop it. Cut it out. and have/be done with it 再也不去操心了, 再也不去管它了, 一了百了了 to deal with and finish the whole matter: I think I'll just sell all the furniture and have done with it. Why do we have to justify Matthew's life in front of a bunch of strangers, why can we just say execute them and be done with it. 2. Everyone's life just turns out so perfect, so peachy. But not me. "Come on, get up here跟上来, 别在后边拖着尾巴." "No, I'm fine back here我在后边挺好." have the final/last word I. 留下话把儿. to say the last statement in a discussion or argument. Tim can't bear to lose an argument. He always has to have the last word. II. to make the final decision about something (usually + on ). Our head chef has the final word on what is served each week. III. information that everyone considers to be the best. the last word on: The book is hardly the last word on the subject. IV. the newest and best type of something the last word in: The company's newest cruise liners are the last word in luxury at sea. 3. shoot something down I. 射落, 击落. to destroy an aircraft or weapon in the sky by shooting it. In the movie, he pulls out 抽出 a portable rocket launcher and shoots down the helicopter. If we detect an incoming missile, we must be able to shoot it down. II. to refuse to accept something. to foil a plan through criticism; to counter an idea with criticism. (Based on shoot someone, something, or an animal down.) He raised a good point, but the others shot him down almost immediately. Liz shot down Jeff's best idea. The baseball owners shot down a plan to add two more teams to each league. At a public meeting, residents shot down two different designs for rebuilding the area. shoot something/somebody down in flames (informal) to strongly criticize an idea or plan, or to refuse to accept it. Several months ago this highly impractical idea would have been shot down in flames. I thought I'd made a sensible suggestion, but they just shot me down in flames. take/cut someone down (to size) Fig. to make a person humble; to put one in one's place. John's critical remarks really cut me down to size. Jane is too conceited. I think her new boss will take her down to size. cut something down to something缩减到, 减少到 to reduce
something to a manageable size. We cut the program down to size and it
was very enjoyable. We cut down the program to a half hour. cut down (on something) to reduce the
amount of something or of doing something; to use or buy less of
something. You will have to cut down on the time it takes you to get
ready in the morning. The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking. cut someone down to kill someone with a
weapon, such as a sword, or with gunfire, etc. The bandits cut the
bystanders down and fled. The gunman cut down an innocent pedestrian. cut something down I. Lit. 砍倒. to chop something down; to saw or cut at something until it is felled. Stop cutting the banners down! Don't cut down that tree! II. Fig. to destroy someone's argument; to destroy someone's position or standing. 批驳. 驳斥. The lawyer cut the testimony down quickly. The lawyer cut down the witness's story. III. to reduce the price of something. They cut the prices down to sell the goods off quickly. I wish they would cut down the prices in this store. take down I. To remove something from a wall or similar vertical surface to which it is fixed. He took down the picture and replaced it with the framed photograph. II. To remove something from a hanging position. We need to take down the curtains to be cleaned. III. To write a note. Usually to record something that is said. If you have a pen, you can take down my phone number. IV. 拆掉, 拆卸, 卸下. To remove a temporary structure such as scaffolding. When everything else is packed, we can take down the tent. V. 褪下. To lower an item of clothing without removing it. The doctor asked me to take down my trousers.
code-switching: In linguistics, code-switching is switching between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation. Multilinguals—speakers of more than one language—sometimes use elements of multiple languages in conversing with each other. Thus, code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety. Speakers form and establish a pidgin language when two or more speakers who do not speak a common language form an intermediate, third language. On the other hand, speakers practice code-switching when they are each fluent in both languages. Code mixing is a thematically related term, but the usage of the terms code-switching and code-mixing varies. Some scholars use either term to denote the same practice, while others apply code-mixing to denote the formal linguistic properties of said language-contact phenomena, and code-switching to denote the actual, spoken usages by multilingual persons.
搜索, 搜查,找, 翻找, 翻查, 搜寻, 翻, 乱翻 (dredge, fumble 翻找 = rummage, grope, rummage, ransack, loot, feel (feel around to get sth), scour ): 1. dredge, drag: search (as the bottom of a body of water) for something valuable or lost. drag To search or dredge the bottom of a body of water. (when intr, usually foll by for) to search (the bed of a river, canal, etc.) with a dragnet or hook. They dragged, 下水搜索, 下网捕捞 水底搜索 the river for the body. dragging for the sunken craft. dredge v. I. To clean, deepen, or widen with a dredge. II. To bring up with a dredge: dredged up the silt淤泥, 淤塞. III. To come up with; unearth: dredged up bitter memories勾起回忆. n. I. 挖沙设备. Any of various machines equipped with scooping or suction devices and used to deepen harbors and waterways and in underwater mining. II. Nautical 挖沙船. A boat or barge equipped with a dredge. III. An implement consisting of a net on a frame, used for gathering shellfish. dredge something up I. to remember something from the past He hates it when people dredge up the crimes that happened here 20 years ago. You're not dredging that old idea up again, are you? Usage notes: often said about something unpleasant. II. to find something after a lot of looking. We've finally dredged up enough money to have a proper lab with proper equipment. Dredging 挖塞, 疏塞 is an excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least partly underwater, in shallow seas or fresh water areas with the purpose of gathering up bottom sediments and disposing of them at a different location. This technique is often used to keep waterways navigable 疏通河道. It is also used as a way to replenish补充 sand on some public beaches, where sand has been lost because of coastal erosion. Dredging is also used as a technique for fishing for certain species of edible clams and crabs, see fishing dredge. A dredger (or "dredge" as is the general usage in the Americas) is any device, machine, or vessel that is used to excavate and remove material from the bottom of a body of water. For example, a scoop attached to the end of a rope or pole by which a man can draw sediments up from the bottom of a pond is a dredger. Developing this idea further, a motorized crane equipped with a drag bucket or clamshell (grabber) that is used to scoop material from the bottom of a body of water is also a dredger. The crane could be located on the bank, or perhaps mounted on a barge. If the crane is mounted on a barge, the entire vessel is referred to as a dredger. The process of dredging creates spoils (excess material), which are carried away from the dredged area. Dredging can produce materials for land reclamation还耕 or other purposes (usually construction-related), and has also historically played a significant role in gold mining. Dredging can create disturbance in aquatic ecosystems, often with adverse impacts负面影响. 2. finger I. search for on the computer; "I fingered my boss and found that he is not logged on in the afternoons." II. Informal chiefly US 指认. to identify as a criminal or suspect. put the finger on Informal a. to inform on or identify, esp for the police. b. to choose (the victim or location of an intended crime). 3. fumble 翻找, grope, rummage, ransack, loot, feel (feel around to get sth) 摸索: feel about uncertainly or blindly; "She groped for her glasses in the darkness of the bedroom". I felt around 摸索了一下, 摸索着找 in the dark until my hand landed on the neck of the bottle. fumble I. (fumble around ) [I,T] to try to hold, move, or find something with your hands in an awkward way 摸索着. 笨手笨脚地做. 胡乱摸找. 乱摸一气. 乱翻乱找. She reached round to fumble the light on. [+ at/in/with ] She dressed, her cold fingers fumbling with the buttons. [+ for ] I fumbled around in my bag for a cigarette. II. [I,T] if you fumble with your words when you are speaking, you have difficulty saying something 支支吾吾地说话, 笨嘴笨舌地说. The second candidate fumbled her lines. Asked for an explanation, Mike had fumbled for words. III. [I,T] to drop a ball after catching it Quarterback Rattay was hit and fumbled 丢球 the ball. grope I. To touch (another person) closely and (especially) sexually. We've been together two weeks, and have just been kissing and groping, but no sex yet. II. 动手动脚. 手脚不干净. To intentionally and inappropriately touch another person, in such a manner as to make the contact appear accidental, for the purpose of one's sexual gratification. That old man groped that girl on the train! III. 摸索着找. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see. 4. leave no stone unturned 仔细翻找: search thoroughly and exhaustively; "The police left no stone unturned in looking for the President's murderer". 5. scour: examine minutely; moving over territory to search for something; "scouring the entire area revealed nothing". "The police scoured the country for the fugitive". scour I. To clean, polish, or wash something by scrubbing it vigorously. He scoured the burner pans, to remove the burnt spills. II. 翻遍, 翻查遍. To search an area thoroughly. They scoured the scene of the crime for clues. III. (intransitive, veterinary medicine) Of livestock, to suffer from diarrhea. If a lamb is scouring, do not delay treatment. IV. To move swiftly. 6. seek out 找出: look for a specific person or thing. scope out 查看, 审视, 扫一眼, 扫看 To examine; to scout; to investigate; to check out. to look someone or something over; to check someone or something out. Hey, scope the new car out! Dave was scoping out all the girls. The conference starts on the 12th, but the building will be open on the 11th if you want to scope out the room ahead of time. scope-out to assess the potential of an opportunity or suggestion. a scoping-out study. 7. grub: search about busily. grub n. food. v. I. 挖掘, 挖找. To dig up by or as if by the roots: grubbed carrots with a stick. II. To clear of roots and stumps by digging: grubbed a small plot. III. Slang To obtain by importunity: grub a cigarette. v.intr. I. To dig in the earth: grub for potatoes. II. a. To search laboriously by or as if by digging; rummage. b. To toil arduously; drudge: grub for a living. 8. strip-search搜身, 脱衣搜身: search (someone) for weapons or drugs by having the person remove their clothes; "He was strip-searched at the airport". frisk 搜身( stop-and-search = stop-and-frisk 警察的搜身行为. sus law: A law that permitted a police officer to stop, search and potentially arrest people on suspicion of being in breach of section 4 of the Vagrancy Act 1824. ): the act of searching someone for concealed weapons or
illegal drugs. To search somebody by feeling his or her body and clothing. The police frisked the suspiciously-acting individual and found a knife as well as a bag of marijuana. "he gave the suspect a quick frisk". frisky I. possessing a sexual feeling, horny. He was feeling frisky. II. playful; energetic; lively; enthusiastic. He had his hands full, with three frisky kittens in the house. rummage 乱翻一气的, 翻垃圾桶, 翻箱倒柜的找, 翻找: search haphazardly; If you rummage through something, you search for something you want by moving things around in a careless or hurried way. They rummage through piles of second-hand clothes for something that fits. Marianne went to rummage in the refrigerator. A brief rummage will provide several pairs of gloves. ...a rummage through his wardrobe for some tennis whites. Rummage about and rummage around mean the same as rummage. I opened the fridge and rummaged about. He rummaged around the post room and found the document. "We rummaged through the drawers". noun. (= jumble in UK) Rummage is old or unwanted things that people give away to charities. ...loads of pitiful rummage. haphazard [hæpˈhæzərd] 随便来一通的, 乱来的, 瞎搞的, 乱来一气的, 胡搞一气的 done in a way that does not seem to be carefully planned or organized. random; chaotic; incomplete; not thorough, constant, or consistent Do not make such haphazard changes to the settings; instead, adjust the knobs carefully, a bit at a time. comb梳理, 过筛子似的细查: search thoroughly; "They combed the area for the missing child". ransack I. To loot or pillage. II. to go through a place stealing or damaging things. To make a vigorous and thorough search of (a place, person) with a view to stealing something, especially when leaving behind a state of disarray. to ransack a house for valuables He returned to find that someone had ransacked his office. 9. examine, see 检查, 查看: observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect; "The customs agent examined the baggage"; "I must see your passport before you can enter the country". 10. rifle: go through in search of something; search through someone's belongings in an unauthorized way; "Who rifled through my desk drawers?". 11. forage [ˈforidʒ] 搜索供给:
the act of searching for food and provisions. to search (the countryside or a town) for food, provisions, etc. 例句部分: 1. These types are strongly typed, thus giving the compiler a bigger type-safety hammer to wield when ferreting out (ferret [ˈferət] n. 雪貂 v. 搜寻, 翻找 ferret about 到处搜寻 The police ferreted about all over the house for clues. ferret out [ˈferət] 搜索出, 搜寻出, 查获 The police failed to ferret out the truth. She's determined to ferret out the truth.) type-mismatch bugs at compile time. 2. Airport searches are a sensitive privacy issue in India, where similar outrage erupted last month when former president Abdul Kalam, also a Muslim, was frisked(frisk 用手搜某人的身. 搜身. To search (a person) for something concealed, especially a weapon, by passing the hands quickly over clothes or through pockets. rummage 到处翻找. rummage in sth or rummage sth for sth else. ransack I. 彻底搜查某地点或容器. II.洗劫, 抢劫. ) by US airline staff in Delhi before boarding a flight to New York. Kalam was searched despite protocol at Indian airports exempting dignitaries显贵 from security checks, and the airline later apologised. Fellow Bollywood stars sprang to Khan's defence at the weekend and told of their experiences at the hands of US immigration officials. The story was front-page news in India, where the ability to avoid being frisked at airports is seen as a status symbol(身份象征). 3. We've all been there: a week until payday, the rent is due, and you're rummaging (翻箱倒柜的找) in your parents' attic to find Dad's Mickey Mantle rookie card. 11. be rooted in sth 根源于 to be based on something or caused by something: Most prejudices are rooted in ignorance. rooted to something 扎根于 [of someone] firmly attached to something. She is firmly rooted to her homeland and has no intention of emigrating. The farmer is rooted to the land and will not leave. rooted/glued/riveted to the spot 傻了, 呆住了, 动弹不得, 僵立当场 Fig. unable to move because of fear or surprise. (appear to be ~; be ~;become ~.) Jane stood rooted to the spot when she saw the ghostly figure. Mary stood rooted to the spot when the thief snatched her bag. root I. (intransitive, with for, US) To cheer to show support for. II. (transitive, US) 支持. To hope for the success of. Rendered as 'root for'. To support someone in a game, competition etc. I'm sure you'll win. Everyone's rooting for you. I'm rooting for you, don't let me down! III. 翻找. 四处搜. To rummage, to search as if by digging in soil. root around/about: He rooted around in his coat pocket for some change. root among/through: She was desperately rooting through the papers on her desk. rooting about/around/through in a junk-filled drawer. III. To have sexual intercourse. 作为名词: An act of sexual intercourse. Fancy a root? Usage notes:
The Australian/New Zealand sexual sense is somewhat milder than fuck
but still quite coarse, and certainly not for polite conversation. The
sexual sense will often be understood, unless care is taken with the context to make the rummage sense clear, or 'root through' or 'root around' is used. The past participle rooted is equivalent to fucked in the figurative sense of broken or tired, but rooting is only the direct verbal sense, not an all-purpose intensive 加强语气 like fucking.
IV. [transitive] to unlock the operating system of a mobile phone or
other device that uses Android OS so that it can run software it is not
normally authorized to use because of restrictions imposed by the
manufacturer. Simply follow these steps to root your Samsung Galaxy S4 and then use the appropriate apps to finish off the job. root out 挖出, 翻出, 翻查出, 寻根究底, 斩草除根 to find something bad or illegal and get rid of it. The president vowed to root out corruption. 13. scrounge [skraundʒ] I. (blag, cadge (UK), leech, sponge, wheedle) to get something that you want by asking someone for it instead of by providing it or paying for it yourself. To obtain something of moderate or inconsequential value from another. As long as he's got someone who'll let him scrounge off them, he'll never settle down and get a full-time job. II. To hunt about, especially for something of nominal value; to scavenge or glean. We all go through broke times (I have money for two days a paycheck and the rest of the time I'm scrounging 翻找 in the car for change). However, if your guy has no job and needs you to support him then he is not putting in any effort and he's a dud. leech 白吃白喝, 白拿白住, 不劳而获 To drain (resources) without giving back. Bert leeched hundreds of files from the BBS, but never uploaded anything in return. sponge 蹭饭吃, 蹭吃蹭喝, 吃白食 I. (intransitive, slang) To take advantage of the kindness of others. He has been sponging off his friends for a month now. II. (transitive) To get by imposition; to scrounge. to sponge a breakfast. III. (transitive) To deprive (somebody) of something by imposition. wheedle I. To cajole or attempt to persuade by flattery. I'd like one of those, too, if you can wheedle him into telling you where he got it. II. To obtain by flattery, guile, or trickery. blag I. (Britain, informal, transitive) To obtain (something) for free, particularly by guile or persuasion. II. (Britain, informal) More specifically, to obtain confidential information by impersonation or other deception. The newspaper is accused of blagging details of Gordon Brown's flat purchase from his solicitors. III. (Britain, informal, transitive) To beg, to cadge. Can I blag a fag? IV. (Britain, informal, transitive) To steal. cadge [kædʒ] (US, Britain, slang) To obtain something by wit or guile; to convince people to do something they might not normally do. bludge 偷懒耍滑 I. To take some benefit and give nothing in return. Can I bludge a cigarette off you? II. (Australia, New Zealand, slang) To not earn one's keep, to live off someone else or off welfare when one could be working. III. (Australia, New Zealand, slang) To avoid one's responsibilities; to leave it to others to perform duties that one is expected to perform. IV. (Australia, New Zealand, slang) To do nothing, to be idle, especially when there is work to be done. freeload To live off the generosity or hospitality of others. freeloader 滥竽充数的人 I. (Britain, New Zealand, Canada, Scotland) An individual who gets merchandise from the back of supermarket premises that is past its sell-by date. II. One who does not contribute or pay appropriately; one who gets a free ride, etc. without paying a fair share, usually athletic. free rider I. Someone who obtains goods or services legally without paying. The store failed because all of the manager's friends were free riders 骗吃骗喝的人, 白吃白喝的人, 吃喝不花钱 who drove paying customers away. II. (economics) One who obtains benefit from a public good without paying for it directly. A lighthouse is the classic example of a public good because it is difficult to prevent a ship (a free rider) from using it. free-rider problem (economics) The situation where those who benefit from goods or resources do not pay for them, resulting in a lack of funding and subsequent underprovision mooch I. (Britain) To wander around aimlessly, often causing irritation to others. II. To beg, cadge, or sponge; to exploit or take advantage of others for personal gain. moocher A person having a tendency to repeatedly ask help of others, especially if they are making little effort to help themselves. Usually used as a pejorative. loaf around 晃来晃去, 无所事事 (loaf on the job 吃闲饭) to waste time; to idle the time away doing almost nothing. Every time I see you, you are just loafing around. I enjoy loafing around on the weekend. Sleeping while on duty or sleeping on the job 当班睡觉 refers to falling asleep while on the time clock or equivalent, or else while responsible for performing some active or passive job duty. While in some jobs, this is a minor transgression or not even worthy of sanctioning, in other workplaces, this is considered gross misconduct and may be grounds for disciplinary action, including possible termination of employment. In other types of work, such as firefighting or live-in caregiving, sleeping at least part of the shift may be a part of the paid work time. While some employees who sleep while on duty in violation do so intentionally and hope not to get caught, others intend in good faith to stay awake, and accidentally doze. scrimshank (Britain, military, slang) To shirk duty. best efforts = best endeavours 尽最大努力 I. LAW the greatest possible effort to achieve something or do something, especially when this is difficult: use your best efforts to do sth The buyer shall use his best efforts to get an acceptable purchase contract for this property. II. FINANCE the greatest possible effort by a financial organization, such as an investment bank, to sell a company's new shares, when it does not have to promise to sell them all and it does not have to buy the shares it does not sell: The national distributor has agreed to use its best efforts to sell shares of the fund. adjective Many of this year's new loans have been done on a best-efforts basis. Dumpster diving (bin diving) 翻垃圾桶, 翻找垃圾 ( Bin scavenger. Bin chickens (Australia, colloquial, derogatory) Australian white ibis = "tip turkeys", "sandwich snatchers" and "picnic pirates". bin raiding. Dumpster diving (also totting, skipping, skip diving or skip salvage,) is salvaging from large commercial, residential, industrial and construction containers for unused items discarded by their owners, but deemed useful to the picker. It is not confined to dumpsters and skips
specifically, and may cover standard household waste containers, curb
sides, landfills or small dumps. Different terms are used to refer to
different forms of this activity. For picking materials from the curbside trash collection, expressions such as curb shopping, trash picking or street scavenging 一般翻找垃圾箱的人 are sometimes used. When seeking primarily metal to be recycled, one is scrapping. When picking the leftover food from traditional or industrial farming left in the fields one is gleaning.
People dumpster dive for items such as clothing, furniture, food, and
similar items in good working condition. Some people do this out of
necessity due to poverty, while others do so professionally and
systematically for profit. Container refund scheme prompts calls for crackdown on 'bin chickens' cashing in on recycling.
A fight is brewing between self-described "bin chickens" raiding our
rubbish for refundable containers and the waste industry — with both
wanting to cash in on recycling. ) is looking for treasure in
someone else's trash. (A dumpster is a large trash container.) In the
world of information technology, dumpster diving is a technique used to
retrieve information that could be used to carry out an attack on a
computer network. Dumpster diving isn't limited to searching through the
trash for obvious treasures like access codes or passwords written down
on sticky notes. Seemingly innocent information like a phone list,
calendar, or organizational chart can be used to assist an attacker
using social engineering techniques to gain access to the network. To
prevent dumpster divers from learning anything valuable from your trash,
experts recommend that your company establish a disposal policy where
all paper, including print-outs, is shredded in a cross-cut shredder
before being recycled, all storage media is erased, and all staff is
educated about the danger of untracked trash. wiki: Dumpster diving (also totting, skipping, skip diving or skip salvage
) is salvaging from large commercial, residential, industrial and
construction containers for unused items discarded by their owners, but
deemed useful to the picker. It is not confined to dumpsters and skips
specifically, and may cover standard household waste containers, curb
sides, landfills or small dumps. Different terms are used to refer to
different forms of this activity. For picking materials from the
curbside trash collection, expressions such as curb shopping, trash picking or street scavenging are sometimes used. When seeking primarily metal to be recycled, one is scrapping(Data scraping is a technique in which a computer program extracts data from human-readable output coming from another program. Web scraping, web harvesting, or web data extraction
is data scraping used for extracting data from websites. Web scraping
software may access the World Wide Web directly using the Hypertext
Transfer Protocol, or through a web browser. While web scraping can be
done manually by a software user, the term typically refers to automated
processes implemented using a bot or web crawler. It is a form of
copying, in which specific data is gathered and copied from the web,
typically into a central local database or spreadsheet, for later
retrieval or analysis.). When picking the leftover food from traditional or industrial farming left in the fields one is gleaning.
People dumpster dive for items such as clothing, furniture, food, and
similar items in good working condition. Some people do this out of
necessity due to poverty, while others do so professionally and
systematically for profit.
A plea bargain (Taking the plea means that the defendant agreed to plead guilty in exhange for something, either for a conviction of an offense to a lesser offense wtih less jail time, or they were offered the oopportunity to plead to a lesser offense in exhange for giving up information to law enforcement ar agreeing to assist law enforcement in some way.) (also plea agreement, plea deal or copping a plea) is an agreement in a criminal case between the prosecutor (控方, defense被告方) and defendant whereby the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a particular charge in return for some concession 让步 from the prosecutor. This may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to a less serious charge, or to one of several charges, in return for the dismissal of other charges; or it may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to the original criminal charge in return for a more lenient ( ['li:niənt] 严格的, 严厉的, 严重的. Inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent: lenient parents; lenient rules. ) sentence. A plea bargain allows both parties to avoid a lengthy criminal trial and may allow criminal defendants to avoid the risk of conviction at trial on a more serious charge. For example, a criminal defendant charged with a felony theft charge, the conviction of which would require imprisonment in state prison, may be offered the opportunity to plead guilty to a misdemeanor theft charge, which may not carry jail time. In cases such as an automobile collision when there is a potential for civil liability against the defendant, the defendant may agree to plead no contest or "guilty with a civil reservation", which essentially is a guilty plea without admitting civil liability. Plea bargaining can present a dilemma to defense attorneys, in that they must choose between vigorously seeking a good deal for their present client, or maintaining a good relationship with the prosecutor for the sake of helping future clients. In charge bargaining, defendants plead guilty to a less serious crime than the original charge. In count bargaining, they plead guilty to a subset of multiple original charges. In sentence bargaining, they plead guilty agreeing in advance what sentence will be given; however, this sentence can still be denied by the judge. In fact bargaining, defendants plead guilty but the prosecutor agrees to stipulate (i.e., to affirm or concede) certain facts that will affect how the defendant is punished under the sentencing guidelines.
Pistol-whipping拿枪托打人 is the act of using a handgun as a blunt weapon钝器, wielding it as if it were a club or baton. "Pistol-whipping" and "to pistol-whip" were reported as "new words" of American speech in 1955, with cited usages from 1940s. However, both the term and the practice trace back to追溯到 the Wild West of the 19th century. Paul Wellman notes that clubbing 击打, 抽打 an opponent with the butt of a gun held by its barrel, as seen in some Westerns, has its problems. There are several reasons why it would be wrong, one of which is that the gun would be rendered useless for its primary purpose, which is to fire a projectile out of the barrel. There is also the danger of an unintentional discharge which could fatally wound the "clubber". Additionally, many handguns, specifically revolvers, lack sufficient structural strength at the barrel/frame junction for use as an impact weapon, and striking a target in this manner could cause damage. Finally, there would also be a loss of precious time损失宝贵时间 to switch from holding the barrel to holding the grip枪托 in the usual way. Pistol whipping may leave unusual lacerations 擦伤, 刮伤, 撕裂伤 [,læsə'reiʃən] on the body of the injured due to various protruding details of the pistol. Semicircular or triangular lacerations on the skin may be produced by the butt枪托 of a pistol. These lacerations can vary in depth and severity, but if "whipped", fractures are common. In modern times, pistols are much more compact, generally only extending around four inches past the trigger, making them much less suitable for pistol-whipping with the barrel than their predecessors. Because of this, pistol-whipping is now mainly performed by hitting a person with the base of the grip while still holding it normally, striking in a downwards motion. This adds the weight of the gun to the force of the blow and uses the metal frame (rather than the barrel) as the point of impact, but deprives the blow of the leverage provided by barrel length. Pistol-whipping should not be confused with butt-stroking, a close combat military discipline. The buttstroke or butt-stroking, i.e., striking someone with the buttstock of a rifle, is a common case of the use of a firearm as a blunt weapon. Buttstroke is among the major offensive techniques with the rifle and bayonet刺刀. Close combat近身搏击, 谨慎搏斗 means a violent physical confrontation between two or more opponents at short range. Shepard had suffered fractures to the back of his head and in front of his right ear. He experienced severe brainstem ( The portion of the brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons Varolii, and midbrain, that connects the spinal cord to the forebrain and cerebrum. ) damage, which affected his body's ability to regulate heart rate, body temperature, and other vital functions. There were also about a dozen small lacerations around his head, face, and neck. His injuries were deemed too severe for doctors to operate. Shepard never regained consciousness and remained on full life support. While he lay in intensive care, candlelight vigils were held by the people of Laramie. Police arrested Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson shortly after the attack, finding the bloody血淋淋的 gun and Shepard's shoes and wallet in their truck. Henderson and McKinney later tried to persuade their girlfriends to provide alibis for them. At trial, McKinney offered various rationales to justify his actions( rationale [ˌræʃə'nɑ:l] n. a reasoned exposition, esp one defining the fundamental reasons for a course of action, belief, etc.). He originally pleaded the gay panic defense, arguing that he and Henderson were driven to temporary insanity by alleged sexual advances by Shepard. At another point, McKinney's lawyer stated that they had wanted to rob Shepard but never intended to kill him. The prosecutor in the case alleged that McKinney and Henderson pretended to be gay in order to gain Shepard's trust. During the trial, Kristen Price, girlfriend of McKinney, testified that Henderson and McKinney had "pretended they were gay to get [Shepard] in the truck and rob him". After befriending him, they took him to a remote area outside of Laramie where they robbed him, assaulted him severely, and tied him to a fence with a rope from McKinney's truck while Shepard pleaded for his life. Media reports often contained the graphic account of the pistol whipping and his fractured skull. It was reported that Shepard was beaten so brutally that his face was completely covered in blood, except where it had been partially washed clean by his tears. Both girlfriends also testified that neither McKinney nor Henderson were under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time. As they began to deliberate on the death penalty, Shepard's parents brokered a deal, resulting in McKinney receiving two consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole. Henderson and McKinney were incarcerated (关押, 服刑. [in'kɑ:sə,reit]) in the Wyoming State Penitentiary in Rawlins, later being transferred to other prisons because of overcrowding. The fence to which Shepard was tied and left to die became an impromptu ( I. Prompted by the occasion rather than being planned in advance: an impromptu party. II. Spoken, performed, done, or composed with little or no preparation; extemporaneous: a few impromptu remarks. ) shrine圣地 for visitors, who left notes, flowers, and other mementos. It has since been removed by the land owner. In 2004, the ABC News program 20/20 aired a controversial report suggesting that Shepard had been HIV positive and quoting claims by McKinney, Henderson, and Kristen Price, the prosecutor and a lead investigator that the murder had not been motivated by Shepard's sexuality but rather was merely a drug-related robbery that had turned violent. Critics charged that the report, which featured interviews with Shepard's murderers, was sensational耸人听闻的, misleading, and downplayed or ignored evidence of homophobia as a motivation for the crime. Retired Laramie Police Chief Dave O'Malley stated that the murderers' claims were not credible不可信的, but the prosecutor in the case stated that there was ample evidence丰富的证据 that drugs were at least a factor in the murder. Other coverage focused on how these more recent statements contradicted those made at and near the trial.
手机电死人?: Could your smartphone really give you a lethal electric shock? That question was on the minds of many Monday amid news that Apple is investigating the death of a woman in China whose family said she was electrocuted 电死 after answering a call on her iPhone while the device was recharging. Details of Ma's death remain sketchy. Local police confirmed that Ma died of electrocution, but as of Sunday had yet to verify 证实 that her phone was involved in the incident, Xinhua reported. CNN has not been able to independently confirm the report. But the news raises questions about the potential electrical hazards of devices many of us carry at almost all times. But the risks become greater when someone powers a phone with a substandard or incompatible charger. Some knockoff chargers don't have proper insulation, potentially exposing users to overheating, fire or electric shock. In a recent online post, the China Consumers Association warned about that country's market being flooded with 充斥 counterfeit 冒牌 chargers that could potentially turn a phone into a "grenade[griˈneid].". Mixing smartphones with water is another safety concern安全隐患. Ma's family said online that she left the bath to answer the phone. Water is an excellent conductor of electricity, and moisture on the skin can lower a person's natural resistance to electric shock, experts say. Also, electrical shocks involving consumer electronics often have nothing to do with the devices themselves. Instead, they can be caused by overloaded power outlets, frayed ( fray 1 I. To strain; chafe: repeated noises that fray the nerves. II. To wear away (the edges of fabric, for example) by rubbing. (使布、绳等)磨损, 磨破, 磨烂. This material frays easily. His shirt was frayed. fray 2 I. To alarm; frighten. II. To drive away. n. I. A scuffle; a brawl. II. A heated dispute or contest. join/enter the fray and jump into the fray; Fig. to join the fight or argument. After listening to the argument, Mary decided to jump into the fray. Tom joined the fray and immediately got knocked down. fray around/at the edges/seams to start to become less effective or successful. 开始崩溃, 土崩瓦解. 瓦解. Support for the leader was fraying at the edges. This songwriting partnership began to fray at the edges after both partners got married. tempers fray also tempers become frayed if tempers fray among a group of people, they all become angry. Tempers frayed when, after waiting for hours, we were told there were no tickets left. stay above the fray 置身事外 not involved in a particular argument. The president will try to stay above the political fray. Usage notes: often used with stay, keep, or remain: He's remarkably good at remaining above the fray at the office. ) extension cords or faulty wiring in a home, experts say. "This is not the week to leave your cell phone in the car," said Wolfson, referring to the heat wave that's embroiled much of the country. Still, he said, "it is a rare occurrence少见的事情, 鲜见的 for there to be a safety incident with a cell phone."
