用法学习： 1. cloud I. To cover with or as if with clouds: Mist clouded the hills. To become cloudy or overcast: The sky clouded over. II. To make gloomy or troubled. III. To obscure: cloud the issues. IV. To cast aspersions on; sully: Scandal clouded the officer's reputation影响声誉. V. (tr) to confuse or impair. to make obscure; darken. emotion clouded his judgment. 3. take the blame (for doing something) 认错, 承认错误, 认账 to acknowledge that one is to blame for doing something. Do you really expect for me to take the blame for something I didn't do? He wouldn't take blame for that. eyeball I. To look over carefully; scrutinize. II. 打量. 目测. To measure or estimate roughly by sight. To gauge, estimate or judge by eye; to look or glance at. A good cook can often just eyeball the correct quantities of ingredients. Each geometric construction must be exact准确无误; eyeballing it and getting close does not count. Eyeballed the area of the wall that needed paint. eyeball to eyeball = face to face 直面, 正面交锋. if you are eyeball to eyeball with an enemy or someone that you are arguing with, you deal with them in a direct way. Troops on the ground are likely to remain eyeball to eyeball for a while yet. uncultivated I. 无人打理的. Not cultivated by agricultural methods; not prepared for cultivation. Not cultivated by standard agricultural methods: uncultivated vegetables; uncultivated ground. II. Inadequately educated; lacking art or knowledge; unrefined; uncultured; uncivilized. Socially unpolished, uncultured, or unrefined. III. Not attended to or fostered. uncivilized I. Crude, barbarous, wild, uncultured. II. 不文明的. 没有教养的. Used to describe people who display a marked lack of manners as defined by a given culture. III. Used to describe behaviours deemed savage or inappropriate. uncultured Not cultured or civilized; lacking in delicacy or refinement. Not cultured or cultivated: an uncultured coal-mining town; regarded him as an uncultured brute. brute [bru:t] n. I. a. any animal except man; beast; lower animal. A brutal, crude, or insensitive person. brute nature. adj. I. wholly instinctive or physical. II. without reason or intelligence. Lacking or showing a lack of reason or intelligence: a brute impulse. III. coarse and grossly sensual. by brute strength/force 蛮力 by great muscular strength. The men moved the heavy door by brute strength. unpolished I. Not polished, as: a. 没打磨过的. 没刷洗过的. 没有擦过的. Not smooth and shiny: unpolished shoes; unpolished gemstones. b. 不精致的, 粗放的. Not elaborated, perfected, or completed: an unpolished performance. c. 技艺不精的. Not having attained a high degree of skill: an unpolished tenor. II. a.没有教养的. Lacking good manners, culture, or refinement. Not refined in manners; uncivilized; rude; plain. b. Natural and unsophisticated: The service was friendly and unpolished. 4. cop off I. (intransitive) to leave school early. II. (transitive, UK, slang) (followed by with) To successfully engage the company of someone for a period of time. cop off with verb. to attract a person and at least have a kiss, and maybe have sex with them. I copped off with a great guy last week. cop off with Brit informal to establish an amorous or sexual relationship with. cop-out I. (idiomatic) Avoidance or inadequate performance of a task or duty; the action of copping out. His disappearance on the day of the audition was just a cop-out. II. (idiomatic) An excuse made in order to avoid performing a task or duty; a reason offered when someone cops out. It was a cop-out to say he couldn't sign the petition because he sprained his wrist. III. (idiomatic) A person who cops out. He's always a cop-out when there's hard work to be done. cop out (idiomatic) To avoid or shirk, either by failing to perform, or by performing in a grossly insufficient, negligent, or superficial manner. Faced with the prospect of cooking for himself, his first thought was to cop out and order a pizza. 5. on edge诚惶诚恐的 nervous or worried. You're always on edge waiting for an important call, because you don't really know when that phone will ring. Usage notes: often used in the forms set you on edge or put you on edge: The accident set us on edge for several days. set your teeth on edge to annoy you or make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Jason used his knife to scratch our initials into the wall, which was nice to do but made a noise that set my teeth on edge. Her overbearing manner usually sets my teeth on edge. The very thought of doing that set her teeth on edge. two-edged sword and double-edged sword Fig. something that offers both a good and bad consequence. The ability to get your insurance to pay for it is a double-edged sword. They may raise your rates. Her authority in the company is a two-edged sword. She makes more enemies than allies. take the edge off ((of) something) I. Lit. to dull a blade. (Of is usually retained before pronouns.) Cutting hard stuff like that will take the edge off your knife blade. II. Fig. to decrease the effect of something; to make something less blunt, critical, etc. (Of is usually retained before pronouns.) He did not mean to insult the guest, and he quickly thought of something to say that would take the edge off his remark. Her comments were quite cruel, and nothing could be said to take the edge off of them. 6. Coming events cast their shadows before万事必有闲着. Prov. Significant events are often preceded by signs that they are about to happen. (From Thomas Campbell's poem, "Lochiel's Warning.") If you pay attention to the news, you can generally tell when something momentous is about to happen. Coming events cast their shadows before. shadow of oneself/itself/one's former self Fig. someone or something that is not as strong, healthy, full, or lively as before. (be ~; become ~.) The sick man was a shadow of his former self. The abandoned mansion was merely a shadow of its old self. in/under something's shadow if you are in the shadow of an unpleasant event, you cannot forget that it has happened or might happen in the future. The local population were living under the shadow of war. in somebody's shadow or in the shadow of somebody if you are in someone's shadow, you receive less attention and seem less important than them For most of his life he lived in the shadow of his more famous brother. 7. provocative [prə'vokətiv] adj acting as a stimulus or incitement, esp to anger or sexual desire; provoking. a provocative look, a provocative remark. tyrant ['tairənt] a person who governs oppressively, unjustly, and arbitrarily; despot. tyranny ['tirəni] the teacher's tyranny. the tyranny of the clock. dictator [dik'teitə]. push (the edge of) the envelope Fig. to expand the definition, categorization, dimensions, or perimeters of something. to move beyond the limit of what has usually been done or was the accepted standard. TV shows are really pushing the envelope by showing so much sex and violence. The engineers wanted to completely redesign the product, but couldn't push the envelope because of a very restricted budget. blow up/explode in somebody's face[for something] to get ruined while someone is working on it. if a plan or situation blows up in your face, it has a bad effect on you instead of the result you expected. The government's attempts at reform have blown up in its face, with demonstrations taking place all over the country. 8. have/take/claim/seize the moral high/low ground If people have/take/claim/seize, etc, the moral high ground, they claim that their arguments, beliefs, etc, are morally superior to those being put forward by other people. to say that you are morally better than someone else. A position or point of view which is ethically superior or more reputable, in comparison to others which are under consideration. 8. knock out something/someone I. 拆下, 卸下. to remove something, esp. by hitting it with force: Sean fell off his bike and knocked two teeth out. To fix the little dent, they need to knock out the door of my car, put it in a oven to bake it, then prime it, repaint it. That's why they quoted me for 350 dollars. II. 赶出. 挤出. 淘汰出局. A person or team that is knocked out of a competition is defeated and no longer can take part: A loss in today's game will knock our team out of the playoffs. touch something up 小改动, 稍事修改. 小修补. to fix up the minor flaws in something; to repair a paint job on something. It's only a little scratch in the finish. We can touch it up easily. Tom touched up the scrape with a little paint. We didn't redo the kitchen, just really touched it up by painting the cabinets. Chris went to the ladies' room to touch up her makeup. touch up paint 修补漆. n. A paint applied to small areas of a painted surface, to cover small blemishes, especially on an automobile. knock someone out I. Lit. 使昏迷. to knock someone unconscious. (Someone includes oneself.). Fred knocked Mike out and left him there in the gutter. Fred knocked out Mike. II. 使昏睡不醒. Fig. to make someone unconsciousness. to cause someone to go to sleep. I didn't realize those pills would knock me out. The drug knocked her out quickly. The powerful medicine knocked out the patient. III. Fig. to surprise or please someone. I have some news that will really knock you out. IV. Fig. 累死了, 累趴下了. to wear someone out; to exhaust someone. All that exercise really knocked me out. The day's activities knocked the kids out and they went right to bed. knock something out I. to create something hastily. He knocked a few out as samples. He knocked out a few of them quickly, just so we could see what they were going to look like. II. Fig. to put something out of order; to make something inoperable. The storm knocked the telephone system out. The high winds will probably knock out electrical service all over town. touch up. out of place I. Lit. not in the proper place. (be ~; get ~; knock something ~.) The book I wanted was out of place, and I almost did not find it. How did the furniture in this room get out of place? II. Fig. inappropriate. (be ~; Seem ~.) That kind of behavior is out of place at a party. Your crude language is out of place. III. Fig. 浑身不自在. [of someone ] awkward and unwelcome. (be ~; feel ~; seem ~.) I feel out of place at formal dances. Bob and Ann felt out of place at the picnic, so they went home. out of kilter and off-kilter (kilter ['kiltə], kelter working order or alignment. good condition; order: The engine was out of kilter.) I. Lit. out of balance; crooked or tilted. (be ~; get ~; knock something ~.) John, your tie is sort of off-kilter. Let me fix it. Please straighten the picture on the wall. It's out of kilter. II. Fig. = out of whack. malfunctioning; on the fritz. (be ~; go ~.) My furnace is out of kilter. I have to call someone to fix it. This computer is out of kilter. It doesn't let me log on. Even one sleepless night can throw your body out of kilter. III. 不一致. 不搭配. 不协调. = out of whack. if two things are out of kilter, or if one thing is out of kilter with another, they are not similar any more (often + with ). A further tax increase on cigarettes would put Britain out of kilter with the rest of Europe. His fancy new home seems slightly out of kilter with his plain, quiet image. on the fritz/blink (fritz [frits] Informal A condition in which something does not work properly: Our television is on the fritz.) not operating; not operating correctly. This vacuum cleaner is on the fritz. Let's get it fixed. How long has it been on the blink? 9. turn up I. Fig. to appear; to arrive and attend. We'll send out invitations and see who turns up. Guess who turned up at my door last night? II. Fig. to happen. Something always turns up to prevent their meeting. I am sorry I was late. Something turned up at the last minute. tested and proved: time-tested, tried-and-true 经过检验而可靠的, 靠得住的.
新闻报道: 1. 少年犯获假释(10岁男孩性虐并杀死2岁男童): They were released in 2001 on life licence ( 意思是: He was sentenced to life imprisonment, but was released on licence i.e. subject to certain conditions. These conditions apply for the rest of his life. If he breaks the conditions, he can be put back in prison. 英国法律: In England and Wales, life imprisonment 终生监禁 is a sentence which lasts until the death of the prisoner, although in most cases the prisoner will be eligible for parole (officially termed "early release") after a fixed period set by the judge. This period is known as the "minimum term最短刑期(才可获得假释)" (previously known as the "tariff"). In some exceptionally grave cases however, a judge may order that a life sentence should mean life by making a "whole life order终生不得假释." Life imprisonment is only applicable to defendants aged 21 or over. Those aged between 18 and 20 are sentenced to custody for life. Those aged under 18 are sentenced to detention during Her Majesty's pleasure for murder, or detention for life for other crimes where life imprisonment is the sentence for adults. However people under 21 may not be sentenced to a whole life order, and so must become eligible for parole. In addition to the sentences mentioned above are two other kinds of life sentence, imprisonment for public protection (for those over 18) and detention for public protection (for those under 18). These are for defendants whose crimes are not serious enough to merit a normal life sentence, but who are a danger to the public and so should not be released until the Parole Board decides they no longer represent a risk. Consequently a whole life order is not available for either of these sentences. A prisoner who has served their minimum term becomes eligible for parole. If the Parole Board agrees to release a prisoner who was sentenced to life, he or she is released on a life licence. Prisoners who break the conditions of their release, or who are found to be a danger to the public, can be immediately re-incarcerated under the terms of this licence. The whole life order (formerly a whole life tariff) is a court order whereby a prisoner who is being sentenced to life imprisonment is ordered to serve that sentence without possibility of parole. The purpose of a whole life order is for a prisoner to be kept in prison until they die, although in exceptional circumstances a prisoner can still be released by the Home Secretary on compassionate grounds such as ill health. A whole life tariff can also be quashed on appeal by the Court of Appeal. ) with new identities after serving eight years. Earlier this year James's mother, Denise Fergus, and father, Ralph Bulger, both addressed Venables' parole hearing and pushed for him to remain in prison. However, the decision has gone against the toddler's parents and Venables has been granted parole. "For Ralph and his family the living nightmare continues and is exacerbated ( exacerbate [ig'zæsə,beit, ik'sæs-] 加剧 To increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate: a speech that exacerbated racial tensions; a heavy rainfall that exacerbated the flood problems. ) by the problems now created by the reckless decision不负责任的决定, 草率的决定 to free Jon Venables without any publicly disclosed safeguards. "Jon Venables is a sex offender who has murdered once and made it clear when posing as the mother of a child that an 'ultimate thrill' for him was the sexual abuse of a child. "Their life licence lasts for the rest of their lives, and they may be recalled to prison at any time for breaching their licence conditions. "Additionally, they will be subject to strict controls and restrictions for as long as their risk requires them." 2. 青岛浒苔: Swimmers are being driven away from a popular coastal resort in north-east China after it was engulfed by algae( ['ældʒi:] sing alga ['ælgə] 苔藓. ). The oxygen-thirsty algae started growing quickly along the coast waters of Qingdao, a city in east China's Shandong Province, last month and its overpowering smell has kept many beachgoers at bay. Local authorities say the green algae, which poses no threat to humans, will be sent to a factory where it will be dried and ground to make animal food. 3. 玻利维亚总统专机绕道事件: Bolivia angered as president's plane diverted over suspicions Edward Snowden was on board. Bolivia's president is furious that his plane was diverted over suspicions US fugitive leaker Edward Snowden might be on board. The incident happened hours after Evo Morales said his country would consider a request for political asylum if Snowden submitted one. The Bolivian plane had been taking Mr Morales home from Moscow, where Snowden has been holed up in an airport transit since June 23, seeking to avoid US espionage charges for revealing a vast surveillance program. While in flight, the pilot learned Portugal had refused to allow the plane to land for refuelling. France, Italy and Spain then banned the plane from entering its airspace领空, forcing it to land in Vienna. There, police searched the plane and found no sign of the US fugitive, and the European countries reauthorised the use of their airspace. "I am not a delinquent. This is not a provocation挑衅 against Evo Morales but against Bolivia and all of Latin America. "It's an attack on Latin America by certain European states." France has admitted it granted Mr Morales's plane access to its airspace but then withdrew it at the last minute. Portugal says access was never in doubt but a previously granted request to land had been annulled(nullify ['nʌli,fai] I. To make null; invalidate. to render legally void or of no effect. nullify a marriage. nullify one' gains. II. To counteract the force or effectiveness of. to render ineffective or useless; cancel out. annul [ə'nʌl] to make (something, esp a law or marriage) void; cancel the validity of; abolish. o make or declare void or invalid, as a marriage or a law; nullify. cancel something out I. 抵消. 消除. to balance the effects of something. wipe out the effect of something; "The new tax effectively cancels out my raise"; "The 'A' will cancel out the 'C' on your record". Sending flowers might cancel the bad feelings out. The last payment canceled out the debt. II. 取消. to withdraw from something. I hate to cancel out of the event at the last minute, but this is an emergency. It's too late to cancel out. ) for technical reasons. Bolivia's ambassador to the United Nations, Sacha Llorenti, also said the country would file a complaint to UN chief Ban Ki-moon over the "act of aggression". "The decisions of these countries have violated international law," he said. "We are already making procedures 走流程 to denounce this to the UN secretary general." Bolivia is one of 21 nations to which Snowden had applied for asylum, according to the website of the anti-secrecy group WikiLeaks, which helped file the requests. A number of other countries on his list were quick to either reject his application or give it a cool reaction反应冷淡, though Venezuela offered Snowden a degree of hope. Latin American leaders outraged被激怒: The diversion has also sparked anger from other Latin American leaders, with Argentine president Cristina Kirchner calling the incident "very humiliating". In a series of tweets on her official account, the president said, "they are definitely all crazy. The head of state国家元首 and his plane have total immunity". Ms Kirchner said she had spoken to Uruguayan president Jose Mujica, who was equally outraged. Ecuadorean president Rafael Correa added on Twitter: "We express our solidarity with Evo and the brave Bolivian people. Our America cannot tolerate so much abuse." "Nothing justifies such a disrespectful act toward a country's highest authority," he said. Bolivia's foreign minister David Choquehuanca told Telesur television on Wednesday "the United States sent us a note in which it asks for the extradition of its citizen Edward Snowden should he be in Bolivia". The minister said he had not yet read the note in its entirety, and that La Paz would "review the entire diplomatic note before deciding". Mr Choquehuanca said he believed the note was no accident, as "the United States believed Snowden was on the presidential plane总统专机" with Mr Morales. In Washington, the state department said it had asked that Snowden be returned from any country where he might land or attempt to transit. "We've broadly asked for Mr Snowden to be returned from any country where he may be, where he may land, where he may transit," spokeswoman Jen Psaki said. She noted that the US has an extradition treaty with Bolivia. "We feel hurt, offended and outraged. This is an aggression against democracy and the peaceful coexistence of nations," Mr Choquehuanca told BBC Mundo. Mr Morales was returning from a visit to Moscow in the presidential jet. A meeting of the Unasur(Union of South American Nations) regional groups is due to take place in the Bolivian city of Cochabamba later on Thursday. Mr Choquehuanca described the incident as an act of aggression by European countries which exhibited what he called neo-colonial 新殖民主义 attitudes. The episode sparked angry reactions from heads of state across Latin America. President Morales was received 被迎接 at the airport by a huge crowd. "I feel they have begun provocative action against our continent. But we will never be intimidated. They will not scare us," Mr Morales said in a speech at the airport. Foreign Minister David Choquehuanca confirmed that Bolivia is considering a request from Mr Snowden. "We are analysing this. But US intelligence is failing. They probably believe he is now on Bolivian territory," said Mr Choquehuanca.
单词prime的不同用法: Priming (agriculture), a form of seed planting preparation, in which seeds are soaked before planting. Priming (science)实验准备, a process of cleaning and preparing equipment before experimentation. Priming (psychology), a process in which the processing of a target stimulus is aided or altered by the presentation of a previously presented stimulus. Priming is an implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences a response to a later stimulus. It can occur following perceptual, semantic, or conceptual stimulus repetition. For example, if a person reads a list of words including the word table, and is later asked to complete a word starting with tab, the probability that he or she will answer table is greater than if they are not primed. Another example is if people see an incomplete sketch that they are unable to identify and they are shown more of the sketch until they recognize the picture, later they will identify the sketch at an earlier stage than was possible for them the first time. The effects of priming can be very salient and long lasting, even more so than simple recognition memory. Unconscious priming effects can affect word choice on a word-stem completion test long after the words have been consciously forgotten.
电子方面的词汇: 1. snip it 剪掉. snip = cut. Crimp (recruitment) or shanghaiing, to shanghai or conscript men as sailors. shanghai I. To kidnap (a man) for compulsory service aboard a ship, especially after drugging him. II. 暴力征召. To induce or compel (someone) to do something, especially by fraud or force. to enroll or obtain (a sailor) for the crew of a ship by unscrupulous means, as by force. We were shanghaied into buying worthless securities. 2. heat shrink是接线是用来融化在接头处的小塑料管. 3. Crimp (joining), a deformity in metal used to make a join. Crimp (connection) 一种接头, 可以把两根金属线接在一起: A crimp connection is achieved with a type of solderless electrical connector. Simple crimp connectors are typically used to terminate stranded wire. Specialised crimp connectors are also used, for example as signal connectors on coaxial cables in applications at high radio frequencies (VHF, UHF). They fulfill numerous uses, including allowing the wires to be easily terminated to screw terminals, fast-on / quick-disconnect / spade-foot type terminals, wire splices, various combinations of these. Crimp-on terminals are attached by inserting the stripped end of a stranded wire into a portion of the terminal, which is then mechanically deformed / compressed (crimped) tightly around the wire. The crimping is accomplished with special crimping pliers包括火钳在内的夹住东西用以作业的钳子. A key idea behind crimped connectors is that the finished connection is gas-tight. Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly, possibly developed from tongs used to handle hot metal in Bronze Age Europe they are also useful for bending and compressing a wide range of materials. Generally, pliers consist of a pair of metal first-class levers joined at a fulcrum positioned closer to one end of the levers, creating short jaws on one side of the fulcrum, and longer handles on the other side. This arrangement creates a mechanical advantage, allowing the force of the hand's grip to be amplified and focused on an object with precision. The jaws can also be used to manipulate objects too small or unwieldy to be manipulated with the fingers. Pincers用于割断东西而不是夹东西的类似于pilier的钳子 are a similar tool with a different type of head used for cutting and pulling, rather than squeezing夹, 挤. Tools which are effectively pliers designed principally for safely handling hot objects are usually called tongs. Special tools for making crimp connections in electrical and electronic applications are often called "crimping pliers"; each type of connection uses its own dedicated tool. There are many kinds of pliers made for various general and specific purposes.
Ecuador's London embassy 'bugged被 窃听 ' for Assange meeting: Foreign Minister Ricardo Patino said a microphone was found inside the office of the ambassador to the United Kingdom, Ana Alban, while he visited the embassy to meet with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange on June 16. Mr Assange, who was granted asylum by Ecuador last year, lives and works in a different room within the embassy. "After this discovery, the government of Ecuador will request the collaboration of the British government in investigating this issue to discover who is implicated in this espionage operation(implicate ['impli,keit] vb (tr) I. to show to be involved, esp in a crime. evidence that implicates others in the plot. II. to involve as a necessary inference; imply. To have as a consequence or necessary circumstance; imply or entail: His evasiveness implicated complicity. His protest implicated censure by the authorities. III. to affect intimately. this news implicates my decision. )," Mr Patino told a news conference in Quito. Mr Patino added that Ecuadorian authorities "have reason to believe that the bugging was being carried out by the company, the Surveillance Group Limited, ... one of the biggest private investigation and undercover surveillance companies in the United Kingdom", he said. The Foreign Office said after a meeting between British Foreign Secretary William Hague and Mr Patino on June 17 that no substantive progress 实质性的 had been made to break the legal and diplomatic deadlock. WikiLeaks used its Twitter account to condemn the hidden microphone. Ecuador's protection of Mr Assange has strained relations with Britain. "Sieging/bugging of Ecuador's London embassy ... shows that imperial arrogance is the gift that keeps on giving( "Gifts that keep on giving 源源不断, 没玩没了, 挥之不去的, 阴魂不散的, 摆脱不掉的" means that something has additional effects beyond those originally expected. It
is sometimes used in positive contexts -- for example, if someone
donated something to a church and the church was able to use it again
and again, it would be a gift that keeps on giving. In this sense it is
often used with charitable efforts. It is sometimes used with
sarcasm -- for instance, if you received a huge box of chocolates for
Christmas, you could say "I got this big box of chocolate and thought
the worst was over when I gained five pounds/kilos, but then I just
found out that I have two cavities -- it's the gift that keeps on
giving!")," the anti-secrecy group said. He cannot leave the embassy because Britain will not give him safe passage.
关于stand的成语: 1. To put to a stand to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties. make a stand 止住, 制止 to make a determined effort to defend something or to stop something from happening. There comes a time in every close game when a team has to rise up and make a stand. I felt the situation had existed for far too long and it was time to make a stand. 2. Jose Baez tells NBC's "Today" that he wouldn't put George Zimmerman on the stand: "I don't think it's going to be necessary, especially given all of the statements he's already made," Baez told Savannah Guthrie on Monday. Baez offered trial analysis and talked about a former client, Chris Serino, who was the lead investigator in the fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin. Serino had recommended that Zimmerman be charged with manslaughter. Zimmerman is charged with second-degree murder. "Chris did an extremely thorough job非常彻底的工作," Baez said. "As the trial unfolds, there's been very little criticism about the investigation and the specific work of Chris. He did exactly what he was told through the course of the investigation, until it became outright political." Baez, who successfully represented Casey Anthony, expanded on his view that the Zimmerman case is the defense's to lose输定了. A first-year law student could win this case with the evidence that they have," Baez said. "That doesn't say George Zimmerman is innocent or guilty. I just think that the lack of evidence that this prosecution起诉 has ... with the inability to 无法反驳, 没办法反驳 rebut the claim of self-defense自卫(rebut To refute, especially by offering opposing evidence or arguments, as in a legal case. to refute or disprove, esp by offering a contrary contention or argument. ) is really going to be the defense' case to lose." But Baez twice said that the prosecution is doing an excellent job with what little it has. The key issue is who was the initial aggressor 起头, 先动手 because it was a completely avoidable incident, Baez said. "Who turned it into an unavoidable incident?" Baez asked.
The Johari window is a technique created by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in 1955 in the United States, used to help people better understand their relationship with self and others. It is used primarily in self-help groups and corporate settings as a heuristic exercise( heuristic [hjuə'ristik] I. 启发式的. Of or relating to a usually speculative formulation serving as a guide in the investigation or solution of a problem. helping to learn; guiding in discovery or investigation. "The historian discovers the past by the judicious use of such a heuristic device as the 'ideal type'". judicious [dʒu:'diʃəs] 明智的, 精明的. Having or proceeding from good judgment. Having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent. II. Of or constituting an educational method in which learning takes place through discoveries that result from investigations made by the student. III. Computer Science Relating to or using a problem-solving technique in which the most appropriate solution of several found by alternative methods is selected at successive stages of a program for use in the next step of the program. Denoting a rule of thumb for solving a problem without the exhaustive application of an algorithm. a heuristic solution. wiki: Heuristic or heuristics refers to experience-based techniques for problem solving, learning, and discovery. Heuristic methods are used to speed up the process of finding a good enough solution, where an exhaustive search is impractical. Examples of this method include using a "rule of thumb", an educated guess, an intuitive judgment, or common sense. In more precise terms, heuristics are strategies using readily accessible, though loosely applicable不严格适用的, information to control problem solving in human beings and machines. The most fundamental heuristic is trial and error, which can be used in everything from matching bolts to bicycles to finding the values of variables in algebra problems. ). When performing the exercise, subjects are given a list of 56 adjectives and pick five or six that they feel describe their own personality. Peers of the subject are then given the same list, and each pick five or six adjectives that describe the subject. These adjectives are then mapped onto a grid. Charles Handy calls this concept the Johari House with four rooms. Room 1 is the part of ourselves that we see and others see. Room 2 is the aspects that others see but we are not aware of. Room 3 is the most mysterious room in that the unconscious or subconscious part of us is seen by neither ourselves nor others. Room 4 is our private space, which we know but keep from others. Open or Arena: Adjectives that are selected by both the participant and his or her peers are placed into the Open or Arena quadrant. This quadrant represents traits of the subjects that both they and their peers are aware of. Hidden or Façade: Adjectives selected only by subjects, but not by any of their peers, are placed into the Hidden or Façade quadrant, representing information about them their peers are unaware of. It is then up to the subject to disclose this information or not. Blind Spot: Adjectives that are not selected by subjects but only by their peers are placed into the Blind Spot quadrant. These represent information that the subject is not aware of, but others are, and they can decide whether and how to inform the individual about these "blind spots". Unknown: Adjectives that were not selected by either subjects or their peers remain in the Unknown quadrant, representing the participant's behaviors or motives that were not recognized by anyone participating. This may be because they do not apply不适用的 or because there is collective ignorance of the existence of these traits. One facet of interest in this area is our human potential. Our potential is unknown to us, and others.
