Utilitarianism, altruism, Hedonism; strives to maximize net pleasure;wait-and-pounce;inclination; Face profiler；readily available; lug;blessing in disguise;a balancing/juggling act;stir-crazy, cabin fever;right off the bat; blur out; triad, yakuza; provide fodder;walk on eggs/thin ice; a head of steam; pull no punches; surfboard, bodyboarding, boggieboarding;

用法学习: 1. Utilitarianism [ju:tili'tɛəriə,nizəm] 功利主义, 效益主义(I. (Philosophy) the doctrine that the morally correct course of action consists in the greatest good for the greatest number, that is, in maximizing the total benefit resulting, without regard to the distribution of benefits and burdens. II. (Philosophy) the theory that the criterion of virtue is utility. altruism ['æltru:izəm] n. I. the principle or practice of unselfish concern for the welfare of others. II. (Philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that right action is that which produces the greatest benefit to others Compare egoism See also utilitarianism. ) is a theory in normative ethics holding that the proper course of action正确的行为 is the one that maximizes utility利益最大化, usually defined as maximizing happiness and reducing suffering. Classic utilitarianism, as advocated by two influential contributors is hedonistic享乐主义. It is now generally taken to be a form of consequentialism( [,konsi'kwɛnʃə,lizəm] 结果至上的, 只看结果的. The view that the value of an action derives solely from the value of its consequences.  the doctrine that an action is right or wrong according as its consequences are good or bad. ), although when Anscombe first introduced that term it was to distinguish between "old-fashioned Utilitarianism" and consequentialism. According to utilitarianism the moral worth of an action is determined only by its resulting outcome, although there is debate over how much consideration should be given to actual consequences实际结果, foreseen consequences and intended consequences. Hedonism['hi:də,nizəm 'hɛd-] is a school of thought that argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good. In very simple terms, a hedonist strives to maximize net pleasure (pleasure minus pain). Ethical hedonism is the idea that all people have the right to do everything in their power权力范围内的任何事 to achieve the greatest amount of pleasure possible to them. It is also the idea that every person's pleasure should far surpass their amount of pain. 2. What do they eat?: Kookaburras use their strong beaks to catch a wide variety of prey, including fish, small snakes, lizards, rodents, worms, beetles and other insects. In times of grasshopper or mouse plagues, their diet will consist almost entirely of these animals.To catch its food, the kookaburra uses a wait-and-pounce守株待兔 ( pounce I. 啄食. To spring or swoop with intent to seize someone or something: a cat that pounced on a mouse; watched the falcon猎鹰 pounce on the baby rabbit. II. To attack suddenly: irregular troops who pounced on the convoy at a narrow pass; a colleague who pounced on me because of a mistake in my report. III. To seize something swiftly and eagerly: pounce on an opportunity.) technique, taking up a post with a good view占据有利地形. When prey appears, the kookaburra drops straight down from its perch, its wings back, with beak ready to grab its dinner. Large prey items like lizards and snakes are bashed against a tree or a rock, to kill them and soften them up before they are eaten. 3. inclination I. (often foll by for, to, towards, or an infinitive) 意愿, 倾向. 可能性. 打算, 意向. a particular disposition, esp a liking or preference; tendency. I've no inclination for such dull work. Your child may have a natural inclination to be alert late at night. New labor has shown no inclination to grant the kind of tax exemption pension funds demand. He's a loner by inclination天性孤单天生孤独. My first inclination was to say no, but I finally decided to do what she asked. I have neither the time nor the inclination to learn about such matters. II. The act of inclining or the state of being inclined; a bend or tilt. A deviation or the degree of deviation from the horizontal or vertical; a slant: the steep inclination of a roof. The inclination of the child's head suggested sleep. Face profiler 相面 is a person who can profile you based on your face. It's not a circus trick or party trick, it has scientific evidence to support it. 4. 电器连接 - Electrical connector: Terminal blocks (also called terminal boards or strips) provide a convenient means of connecting individual electrical wires without a splice or physically joining the ends. They are usually used to connect wiring among various items of equipment within an enclosure or to make connections among individually enclosed items. Since terminal blocks are readily available 现成的, 随时可用的 for a wide range of wire sizes and terminal quantity, they are one of the most flexible types of electrical connector available. Some disadvantages are that connecting wires is more difficult than simply plugging in a cable and the terminals are generally not very well protected from contact with persons or foreign conducting materials. One type of terminal block accepts wires that are prepared only by removing (stripping) a short length of insulation from the end. Another type accepts wires that have ring or spade terminal lugs crimped onto the wires(这样的接头叫做lug, 即一头是个环. ). Printed circuit board (PCB) mounted terminal blocks allow individual wires to be connected to the circuit board. PCB mounted terminal blocks are soldered to the board, but they are available in a pull-apart version that allows the wire-connecting half of the block to be unplugged from the part that is soldered to the PCB. A banana connector(一般用于共享一个电源时, 头尾串在一起的接头方式. ) (commonly banana plug for the male, banana socket or banana jack for the female) is a single-wire (one conductor) electrical connector used for joining wires to equipment. 5. rascal ['rɑ:skəl] I. a disreputable person; villain. A dishonest person; a rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster. II. a mischievous or impish rogue. III. 调皮鬼, 捣蛋鬼. an affectionate or mildly reproving term for a child or old man. A playfully mischievous person or creature; a troublemaker. That little rascal bit me! If you have deer in the area, you may have to put a fence around your garden to keep the rascals out. you little rascal, the wicked old rascal kissed her. 王子William说王子George: He's a little bit of a rascal, I'll put it that way. if you ask me 要我说, 我的意见 said when giving your opinion on something. Used to introduce one's opinion, without being asked for it. If you ask me, people should go on a training course before they become parents. 6. 生病住院的相关通知: He is hospitalized. His viral infection 病毒感染 has been cleared. A treatable underlying condition which caused tiredness and a susceptibility to influenza and code type afflictions ( affliction [ə'flikʃən] n. I. a condition of great distress, pain, or suffering. 苦恼, 折磨. bear up under affliction. Now he was in deep affliction极度痛苦 for the loss of his brother. She lost her sight and is now learning to live with her affliction. II. something responsible for physical or mental suffering, such as a disease, grief, etc. 灾难, 祸害, 不幸的事, 痛苦的事. His deafness is a great affliction to him. Afflictions are sometimes blessings in disguise. 塞翁失马,焉知非福. He died from a mysterious affliction. in disguise hidden behind a disguise; looking like something else. Santa Claus was really the little child's father in disguise. What I thought was terrible turned out to be a blessing in disguise! blessing in disguise 因祸得福 Fig. something that at first seems bad, but later turns out to be beneficial. Losing my job turned out to be a blessing in disguise because it forced me to think carefully about my future. Tony's motorcycle accident was a blessing in disguise, because he got enough insurance money from the other driver to make a down payment on a house. Dad's illness was a blessing in disguise; it brought the family together for the first time in years. ) has now been found. He needs a week of rest to recuperate( recuperate [ri'ku:pə,reit -'kju:-] 痊愈. 病愈. vb I. (intr) to recover from illness or exhaustion. II. to recover (losses of money, etc.) recuperate from something to recover from something; to be cured or to heal after something. I hope that you recuperate from your illness soon. Has she recuperated from her surgery yet?). It's a balancing act ( a balancing/juggling act 两难的事情, 左右为难的事情 a difficult situation in which you try to achieve several different things at the same time. It's so exhausting having to perform the balancing act between work and family. Keeping both sides in the dispute happy让双方都高兴 was a difficult juggling act which required an extraordinary degree of diplomacy需要些外交技巧. ), enough visitors that he does not go stir crazy ( stir-crazy (mainly American informal) 憋疯了. be ~; become ~; go ~; get ~; make someone ~ crazy from being confined. upset and nervous because you have been in one place for too long. mentally disturbed as a result of being in prison or otherwise confined. Distraught or restless from long confinement in or as if in prison. I am going to go stir-crazy if I don't get out of this office. Usage notes: Stir is a word used in American English for a prison. It's no wonder she's going stir-crazy, shut in that tiny house all day with three young children. wiki: 'Stir crazy' could be classified as a more specific form of boredom, but combined with elevated and often increasing levels of anxiety, frustration, agitation, figeting, manic depressive type mood swings情绪突变, and accessory episodes of acting out violently or otherwise antisocially on those feelings, the longer the unengaging non-stimulating environment is persisted in. 'Stir crazy' has a similar meaning to cabin fever( (psychology) A condition that produces restlessness and irritability caused from being in a confined space. Some residents of Alaska suffer from cabin fever when they remain indoors throughout the long, snowy winters. ), except minus the urge to disengage and sleep more, plus the urge to engage and attempt doing anything perceived to be even slightly more constructive and productive, given the extreme limitations of the environment, even if plainly destructive, than doing nothing at all. Prisoners will sometimes initiate otherwise easily avoidable conflict故意找茬, 故意生事, 故意找事, 惹是生非 for no other reason than they perceive they have nothing else better or more worth while to do. cabin fever n. Boredom, restlessness, or irritability that results from a lack of environmental stimulation, as from a prolonged stay in a remote, sparsely populated region or a confined indoor area. wiki: Cabin fever is an idiomatic term for a claustrophobic reaction that takes place when a person or group is isolated and/or shut in a small space, with nothing to do for an extended period. Cabin fever describes the extreme irritability and restlessness a person may feel in these situations. A person may experience cabin fever in a situation such as being in a simple country vacation cottage. When experiencing cabin fever, a person may tend to sleep, have distrust of anyone they are with, and an urge to go outside even in the rain, snow, dark or hail. The phrase is also used humorously to indicate simple boredom from being home alone. One therapy for cabin fever may be as simple as getting out and interacting with nature. Research has proven that even brief interactions with nature can promote improved cognitive functioning and overall well-being. ) through boredom, not too many that it impedes 妨碍, 影响 his recovery. He hopes to be back in action (health wise) in a week. His study leave has to be deferred. We'll have to play it all as it develops见机行事, 走一步看一步. He sounded better now, hoarseness嗓子哑 ( Sounding rough and harsh, typically as the result of a sore throat or of shouting. ) and inflammation from coughing is subsiding消退, 减弱. As Chairperson, I stressed that it would be best for both him and us that he take the appropriate time and come back fully recovered with all issues resolved rather than skimp on treatment & recovery time. Sleep apnoea was the condition to which I alluded earlier. Sleep apnea (or sleep apnoea in British English; [æp'ni:ə]) is a type of sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or instances of shallow or infrequent breathing during sleep. Each pause in breathing, called an apnea, can last from at least ten seconds to minutes, and may occur 5 to 30 times or more an hour. Similarly, each abnormally shallow breathing event is called a hypopnea ( Abnormally slow, shallow breathing. ). Sleep apnea is often diagnosed with an overnight sleep test called a polysomnogram, or "sleep study". There are three forms of sleep apnea: central (CSA), obstructive (OSA), and complex or mixed sleep apnea (i.e., a combination of central and obstructive) constituting 0.4%, 84% and 15% of cases respectively. In CSA, breathing is interrupted by a lack of respiratory effort; in OSA, breathing is interrupted by a physical block to airflow despite respiratory effort, and snoring is common. Regardless of type, an individual with sleep apnea is rarely aware of having difficulty breathing, even upon awakening. Sleep apnea is recognized as a problem by others witnessing the individual during episodes or is suspected because of its effects on the body (sequelae). Symptoms may be present for years (or even decades) without identification, during which time the sufferer may become conditioned to the daytime sleepiness and fatigue( conditioned I. Subject to or dependent on a condition or conditions. II. Physically fit. III. Prepared for a specific action or process. IV. Psychology Exhibiting or trained. to exhibit a conditioned response. condition someone or something to something 训练适应 I. to train or adapt someone or an animal to do something. I conditioned the dog to beg for a treat. Over the years, he had conditioned himself to run for hours at a stretch. II. to train or adapt someone or an animal to something. We could never condition the cat to the finer points of domestication. I conditioned myself to the extreme cold. send someone into a state or condition to cause someone to be in a certain state or condition. The horrifying news sent our family into hysterics. The clerk's rude behavior sent the customer into a fit of anger. under certain conditions/circumstances Fig. depending on or influenced by something; because of something. Under certain conditions, you can see across the lake to the other side. Under certain circumstances, what you propose to do is all right. ) associated with significant levels of sleep disturbance. 7. Parramatta intent on having a ball (to have an exciting time. to enjoy yourself very much. I plan to have a ball while I'm on vacation. Come on, everybody! Let's have a ball! ) as Sydney Festival comes to town. straight/right off the bat 一下子, 立刻, 马上 Fig. immediately; first thing. If we cancel the cable TV service, we can be right off the bat $1000 richer. I could tell right off the bat there was something different about this man. When he was learning to ride a bicycle, he fell on his head right off the bat. The new manager demanded new office furniture right off the bat. Let me say right off the bat that I don't blame you for this problem. I know who you mean, but I can't think of his name right off the bat. 8. THE Nine newsroom in Brisbane remains in a state of flux( in flux and in a (constant) state of flux in constant change; ever-changing. I can't describe my job because it's in a constant state flux. The price of gold is influx. ) despite the Choppergate saga drawing to a close, after a senior reporter was given his marching orders(got sacked) yesterday. tape measure卷尺, 盒尺(A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible form of ruler.), ruler 专指不可以弯曲的尺子.

Mosaic-blurred Kangaroo genitals? In a Facebook post Tourism Australia appears - judging by the smiley face included - to have intended as a joke, it posted a photo of the country's most famous resident, the kangaroo, with its genitals blurred out打了马赛克, 虚化处理. Trouble is, most people seem to have missed the humor. The photo shows the kangaroo lounging in the sun with its genitals blurred out. The caption reads "Enjoying a lazy afternoon at Featherdale Wildlife Park. Censored for Facebook." One commentor wrote, "It's ridiculous that the reproductive organs of an animal are blurred out. How many sickos (变态. A person that has mental problems. A person that is sick or has a polluted mind. One who is perverse, mentally retarded, a psychopath and just plain weird.) out there think this is sexual. Society sickens me." Another wrote "You have just lost all my respect. I shall now remove the link to you, good bye, oh, and grow up. I was brought up in my teens in Australia: You do not represent the Australia I knew and loved." Facebook didn't respond to request for comment regarding the official policy around photos of animals genitals. But when a photo of a woman's elbow was confused with a nipple被误认为 last year, the site took the photo down. It later apologized and restored the image. Facebook does remove all photos of (human) exposed breasts.

 各国黑社会: Triad三合会( ['traiæd])(Safe电影简介: Mei, a young girl whose memory holds a priceless numerical code, finds herself pursued by the Triads, the Russian mob, and corrupt NYC cops. Coming to her aid is an ex-cage fighter whose life was destroyed by the gangsters on Mei's trail. ) refers to the many branches of Chinese transnational organized crime organizations based in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and also in countries with significant Chinese populations. Yakuza (ヤクザ, 极道, 流氓), also known as gokudō (極道?), are members of transnational organized crime syndicates in Japan. The Japanese police, and media by request of the police, call them bōryokudan (暴力団, "violence group"), while the yakuza call themselves "ninkyō dantai" (任侠団体 or 仁侠団体?, "chivalrous organizations"). The yakuza are notorious for their strict codes of conduct and very organized nature. They have a large presence in the Japanese media and operate internationally with an estimated 103,000 members.

 广播收听率调查: The fifth survey of the radio ratings year measured audience for the period from May 19 to August 10, including the Labor leadership spill and the lead up to the election, which have provided plenty of fodder草料, 猛料, 谈资 for the AM networks' talkback shows. On the FM side, the champagne will be left on ice 白准备香槟了 ( ice over [for water] to freeze and develop a covering of ice. I can't wait for the river to ice over so we can do some ice fishing. ice up to become icy. Are the roads icing up? [skate/walk] on thin ice  I. Lit. on ice that is too thin to support one. Billy is on thin ice and is in great danger. II. Fig. in a risky situation. If you try that you'll really be on thin ice. That's too risky. If you don't want to find yourself on thin ice, you must be sure of your facts. (Fig. on the image of someone taking the risk of ice skating on thin ice.) I try to stay well informed so I don't end up skating on thin ice when the teacher asks me a question. You are skating on thin ice when you ask me that! walk on eggs/thin ice 小心翼翼的 Fig. to proceed very cautiously; to be in a very precarious position. (Fig. on the image of someone walking on something that offers little support and may collapse at any moment.) I have to remember that I'm walking on eggs when I give this speech. Careful with radical ideas like that. You're walking on thin ice. be on ice 搁置 if plans are on ice, they are not going to be dealt with until some point in the future. Both projects are on ice until the question of funding is resolved. cut no ice/squares with somebody if something cuts no ice with someone, it does not cause them to change their opinion or decision. Doesn't influence me. That excuse cuts no ice with me. I'm tired of you coming home drunk. Your fancy apologies cut no squares. I've heard her excuses and they cut no ice with me. walk on eggshells I. 如履薄冰的. Fig. to walk very carefully; to take steps gingerly小心翼翼的, 战战兢兢的. to try very hard not to upset someone or something. Everyone at the company was walking on eggshells until we heard that no one would be fired. Etymology: based on the idea that eggshells are easily broken. Since he stumbled and fell against the china cabinet, Bill has been walking on eggshells. II. Fig. to be very diplomatic and inoffensive. I was walking on eggshells trying to explain the remark to her without offending her further. tiptoe around sb/sth. to avoid dealing directly with a problem. to be very careful about how you behave towards someone because you are afraid of offending or annoying them. The government should stop tiptoeing around the issue of health care. [walk/skate] on thin ice (idiomatic) In a dangerous, hazardous, or delicate situation; at risk. Ever since he was caught stealing office supplies, he has been on thin ice with his boss. If I concur to that I will be skating on thin ice.  ) for the most part. Though 2Day remain on top of the FM charts, its nearest competitors sense the time is ripe 时机成熟 for a new top dog. WSFM took the crown for a single survey in April, and now it and Nova 96.9 are eyeing the long term title. DMG owned station Nova 96.9 increased to 6.7 per cent (up from 6.4) to move into outright third spot among the FM stations, ahead of 2MMM. Nova was the only FM station to increase its audience this survey, matching its performance in the breakfast slot, where Fitzy & Wippa were the only team to mark an improvement, lifting to 6.3 per cent from 6.0 per cent. "We're seeing the Sydney game changing," said DMG group program director Paul Jackson who sees this as the beginning of a sustained run at the title. "Year on year we're up 8.6, 2Day is down 7.8. We have the head of steam( a head of steam 上升潜力 energy to quickly make progress. There's no question, though, that the drive to stop capital punishment has picked up a head of steam. Etymology: based on the literal meaning of a head of steam (the pressure that is needed in the engine of an old-fashioned steam train to make it start moving). ), we have the momentum. Nova is going to be the number one FM station. Nova's strong showing among young listeners is the best explanation for their resilience, as it was older listeners who migrated to the AM band for political conversation, though Jackson feels they are working on the 25 and older demographics that represent "older" audiences. "We had an image problem形象问题. We used to have an image of being a bit too crude," he said pulling no punches 好不隐晦, 好不避忌, 毫不掩饰, 不遗余力 in setting their goals. "We'd like to finish the year in first place. I think first place overall has got to be the station's ambition." ARN were more subdued ( I. To conquer and subjugate; vanquish. II. To quiet or bring under control by physical force or persuasion; make tractable. to overcome and bring under control, as by intimidation or persuasion. III. 压抑. 抑制. 克制 To make less intense or prominent; tone down. to hold in check or repress (feelings, emotions, etc.): subdued my excitement about the upcoming holiday. IV. To bring (land) under cultivation: Farmers subdued the arid lands of Australia.) in the face of "steady" results in an "odd" survey. "The 2Day show has been up and down this year and it's a bit too early to start calling it," said Campbell. "Once the election washes out we'll see how it stacks up. The goal is to overtake them in the long run. The last couple of books of the year will give us a more accurate reflection." While WSFM encroaches ( encroach I. To take another's possessions or rights gradually or stealthily: encroach on a neighbor's land. II. 侵蚀. 侵犯. 侵入. To advance beyond proper or former limits: desert encroaching upon grassland. III. Football To commit encroachment. encroach (up)on someone or something to infringe or trespass on someone or something; to move into the space belonging to someone or something. I did not mean to encroach upon your property. I need lots of space. Don't encroach on me. ) on 2Day's older audiences, Nova are hungry for its younger listeners. "If you're Mix or 2Day you're totally squashed out now," said Jackson.

 Ex-spy battles to get job back: Choosing the right time in a new romance to reveal you're a secret agent can be tricky. But now a former Canberra ASIO (Australian Security Intelligence Organisation: The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO; ['eizi:ou]) is Australia's national security service, which is responsible for the protection of the country and its citizens from espionage, sabotage, acts of foreign interference, politically motivated violence, attacks on the Australian defence system, and terrorism. ASIO is comparable with the United Kingdom Security Service (MI5). As with MI5 officers, ASIO officers have no police powers of arrest and are not armed. ASIO operations requiring police powers are co-ordinated with the Australian Federal Police and/or with State and Territory police forces..) operative says he was sacked for getting the timing wrong. It is a tale of love, counter-espionage and workplace rights that looks set for a showdown in the Federal Court as the ex-secret agent battles to get his job back. The man has warned that thousands of ASIO employees remain unaware they have been stripped by legislative changes of some of their appeal rights in workplace disputes, leaving them out in the cold if they lose their jobs. ASIO rejects its former agent's claims, saying anyone sacked by the agency has several avenues of appeal and will be treated with procedural fairness. The former agent, who cannot be identified because of ASIO's extreme official secrecy provisions, was four years into his career at the agency in 2011 when he met and fell in love with a woman from overseas. When he became aware the woman, who is now his wife, was lodging in Canberra with her nation's military attache(A military attaché 外交武官 is a military expert who is attached to a diplomatic mission (an attaché). This post is normally filled by a high-ranking military officer who retains the commission while serving in an embassy. Opportunities sometimes arise for service in the field with military forces of another state.), he made a "contact report" to his superiors, according to ASIO rules. But when it became clear the foreign diplomat had discovered the agent's identity as an operative, ASIO bosses began the process for revoking their man's "top secret positive vetting", accusing him of breaching the "protective security framework policy" by revealing his secret job too early in the romance. Despite the operative's insistence he and his fiancee had done nothing wrong, he was told his top-secret status, without which he could not work at ASIO, was to be withdrawn. He was sacked in late 2011. An appeal to the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, who can examine procedures but not the merits of the case, found ASIO's procedures were sound. An unfair dismissal claim to Fair Work Australia was knocked out 回绝 by a challenge by the Australian government solicitor, who successfully argued the sacked operative had failed to lodge his claim within the mandated 14 days of his dismissal. The Administrative Appeals Tribunal told him the ASIO Act prevented it from hearing his case, which the former operative blames on legislative changes from 2011 which remain mostly unknown to his colleagues. "I've tried everything: the Director-General of Security Services, the Attorney-General's Department, the Prime Minister's Department, even the Federal Police," the man said. "So they [ASIO] can say what they like, it can't be reviewed, and the only thing that's left for me to do now is to sue them in a court." His legal advice is that breach-of-contract action in the Federal Court is possible. He is at present wrangling with his former bosses to release employment documents which are, of course, top secret. The agency would not comment on the man's case but was dismissive 嗤之以鼻的, 不屑一顾的 of the idea that appeal rights for its operatives were limited. "An ASIO staff member can seek review from the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security in respect of all staffing matters," a spokesman said. "A staff member may also be able to take action in the Fair Work Commission, the Australian Human Rights Commission and via judicial review. "The amendments to the ASIO Act 1979 in 2011 did not affect the appeal rights of ASIO staff."

冲浪相关: A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing. Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding a breaking wave. Tom Morey invented the bodyboard after breaking his surfboard. He couldn't afford to buy a new one so he tried to invent a new method of riding waves. Morey found that the combination of foam and newspaper made a water-tight and buoyant board, without the mess of fiberglass and resin. He came up with the prototype of the modern bodyboard. The bodyboard differs from a surfboard in the fact that it is much shorter and made out of foam. Bodyboarding冲浪板(冲浪, surfing = boogie boarding) is a surface water sport (sometimes called Boogieboarding( boogie 另一个意思是dance to disco music. Let's go boogie down tonight.), from the inventor Tom Morey, of the "Boogie Board" where Boogie is an original brand in the greater bodyboard industry/market). The average board consists of a small, rectangular piece of hydrodynamic foam, sometimes containing a ridged有棱的 spine called a 'stringer'. Bodyboarders typically use swim-fins鳍 for additional propulsion into and control while riding a wave. Bodyboarding is a surface water sport in which the surfer rides a bodyboard on the crest, face, and curl of a wave which is carrying the surfer towards the shore. Bodyboarding is also referred to as Boogieboarding due to the invention of the "Boogie Board" by Toma Morey. The average bodyboard consists of a short, rectangular piece of hydrodynamic foam, sometimes containing a short graphite rod within the core called a stringer. Bodyboarders typically use swim fins for additional propulsion and control while riding a wave. Dropknee(一种一脚前一脚后的冲浪姿势) is another form of wave riding on a bodyboard. It consists of putting one's preferred foot at the front of the board while the other knee rests on the tail of the board. Its origins are generally unknown, however it has been suggested by various pioneers of the sport that Jack "the Ripper" Lindholm was one of the first to surf Hawaii and implement this stance. Stand-up style(站立姿势) is another form of wave riding on a bodyboard. It consists of standing upright on the board and performing tricks on the face as well as in the air. It is not as popular today as it was in the 1980s. wetsuit是冲浪时穿的衣服, 比较厚, 主要用于防冷的, 也可以增加浮力. rasher/rashies是保护不被太阳晒的衣服( wettie: Slang for a female hard on. A guy gets wood, a girl gets wet. He is so hot. He totally gives me a wettie. ). A wetsuit is a garment, usually made of foamed neoprene, which is worn by surfers, divers, windsurfers, canoeists, and others engaged in water sports, providing thermal insulation, abrasion resistance and buoyancy. The insulation properties depend on bubbles of gas enclosed within the material, which reduce its ability to conduct heat. The bubbles also give the wetsuit a low density, providing buoyancy浮力 in water. rashies主要用于防晒的衣服. The longboard冲浪板的一种, 比一般的board要长(又叫malibu board, pointed nose因为有一个尖尖的鼻子端. fish board是尾部跟鱼尾似的), not to be confused with the skateboard variation of Longboarding, is primarily a single finned surfboard with large rounded nose and length of 9 to 12 feet (2.7 to 3.7 m). Noseriders are a class of longboards which enable the rider to walk to the tip and nose ride. Also called a "Mal", which is a shortened version of Malibu, one of, if not the most popular longboard wave. Longboards (also known as Malibu boards) range 8 to 14 feet (2.4 to 4.3 m) long, or 3 feet (0.91 m) taller than the rider in overall length. Its advantage is its substantial buoyancy and planing surface enables surfers to ride waves generally deemed too small to propel a shortboard. Longboards are universally common among both beginners and skilled surfers alike. The main reason why longboards are more suitable for beginners is because of the board's size and frequency of catching waves. In the proper conditions, a skilled surfer can ride a wave standing on the nose of a longboard, and put his toes over the nose's edge. By literally putting his "toes on the nose" the surfer can "hang ten". Longboards, as the name suggests, are longer (often 8 ft or 2.4 m or more), and are also thicker and wider, with a more rounded nose than a shortboard, making them stable and buoyant. Shortboards are shorter (5–7 ft or 1.5–2.1 m), thinner, and have a more pointed nose. They are not as wide as longboards and are typically more maneuverable. 另外skateboarding中的Longboarding(普通的skateboard适用于做tricks, 而longboarding适合于在街上走.) is the act of riding on a longboard skateboard. A longboard is greater in size (both length and width) than its smaller counterpart, the skateboard, and has more stability, traction and durability due to lower wheel durometers. Many, but not all longboards, use trucks (axles) that contain different geometric parameters than a skateboard as well. These factors and their variation have given way to a variety of disciplines, functions and purposes for a longboard. The angles at which some longboards can turn, as well as their ability to coast long distances make them more suitable for cruising on streets than regular skateboards. wetty warmer peeing in your wetsuit while out in the surf to provide warmth. It was 10*C in the water, but the surf was great, so I did a wetty warmer and stayed out another 1/2 hour. 美国diver在澳被鲨鱼kill: Scuba diving 一般自带氧气筒等装置 ("SCUBA" originally being an acronym for self contained underwater breathing apparatus, now widely considered a word in its own right) is a form of underwater diving in which a diver uses a scuba set to breathe underwater. Snorkeling比较简单装备的潜水 (British spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins. In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn. Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods of time with relatively little effort. The Australian government has given shark hunters a mission to hook a man-eater 吃人族, 食人族 ( I. An animal, such as a tiger, that eats or is reputed to eat human flesh. II. A cannibal. III. Slang A woman who is considered dangerous or threatening to men. ) suspected of fatally biting an American scuba diver Saturday - but some want to see the hunt get deep-sixed( deep-six somebody/something 废掉 (American informal) to get rid of someone or something They want to deep-six the project because it's costing too much money. to dispose of someone or something. (Refers originally to burying someone or something six feet deep, the standard depth of a grave.) Take this horrible food out and deep-six it. That guy is a pain. Deep-six him so the cops will never find him. ). The government wants to quell mounting fears of "Jaws" that could squash the area's lucrative tourist trade. But the hunt has been like chum in the water ( "Chum", apart from being a very British word for "friend", is a type of bait for fish. The term is a little more colorful than just bait for fish. In American English, "chum" is strongly associated with the practice of tossing a slurry of animal parts (chum) into the ocean to attract sharks, for the viewing pleasure of tourists or for whatever other reason. So this fellow is not just a target, but a very attractive target for very aggressive creatures (although sharks get a bad rap). "Chumming" is a very controversial practice. ) for critics, including marine biologists who fear hysteria will spark a killing spree against an endangered species. "The concept of a rogue shark attacking humans is misplaced ( 放错地方 to put (something) in the wrong place, esp to lose (something) temporarily by forgetting where it was placed; mislay. misplace one's trust (in someone) 错信了人 to put trust in the wrong person; to put trust in someone who does not deserve it. The writer misplaced his trust in his editor. The voters misplaced their trust in the corrupt politician. ) . If a shark chooses to target humans as a prey item, then the incidence发生 of attacks would be on a near daily basis. George (Thomas) Wainwright, 32, was mauled ( [mɔ:l] I. 撕裂, 撕碎 To split (wood) with a maul and wedge. II. maul作为名词是一种长柄的锤子. To injure by or as if by beating: The boxer mauled the other fighter. The critics mauled the novelist's first effort. ) while diving with two friends off of Rottnest Island, a popular tourist destination on the western coast of Australia.