用法学习: 1. swing both ways (informal) to be sexually attracted to both men and women. I've seen her out with men as well. She swings both ways, you know. I don't know Tully from Big Brother are swinging both ways. 2. petrify ['pɛtri,fai] I. 石化. To convert (wood or other organic matter) into a stony replica by petrifaction. II. 呆住. 吓呆. 吓傻. 麻木. 僵住. To cause to become stiff or stonelike; deaden. The tragedy petrified his emotions. III. To stun or paralyze with terror; daze. wiki: In geology, petrifaction or petrification is the process by which organic material is converted into stone through the replacement of the original material and the filling of the original pore spaces with minerals. Petrified wood is a common result of this process, but all organisms, from bacteria to vertebrates, can be petrified. Petrification takes place through a combination of two similar processes: permineralization and replacement. These processes create replicas of the original specimen that are similar down to the microscopic level. Petrified wood石化之木 is the name given to a special type of fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. It is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having completely transitioned to stone by the process of permineralization. All the organic materials have been replaced with minerals (mostly a silicate, such as quartz), while retaining the original structure of the stem tissue. Unlike other types of fossils which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material. 3. not sleep a wink also not get a wink of sleep to not sleep at all I was so excited last night - I didn't sleep a wink. I didn't get a wink of sleep on the plane. tip somebody the wink (British & Australian old-fashioned) to secretly give someone a piece of information that will help them. So if you hear of any jobs going in your department, just tip me the wink, would you? 3. 成人电影演员contract HIV: Several current and former adult film actors who have tested positive for HIV spoke out Wednesday, saying their industry does not do enough to mitigate the risk of transmitting sexual diseases on set. Cameron Bay, the actress whose positive HIV test prompted a weeklong moratorium ( moratorium [ˌmorəˈtɔ:riəm] 延期, 推迟 n pl -ria [-riə], -riums I. (Law) a legally authorized postponement of the fulfilment of an obligation. An authorized period of delay in the performance of an obligation. An authorization to a debtor, such as a bank or nation, permitting temporary suspension of payments. II. an agreed suspension of activity. A suspension of an ongoing or planned activity: a moratorium on the deployment of a new weapon. ) on filming last month, spoke about one particular on-set incident that she said had put performers at risk. Kink.com owner Peter Acworth said Wednesday that HIV was not transmitted on set that day, but "there were incidents on that shoot, including some of the same ones that Ms. Bay identified, that have caused us to reevaluate 重新评估 what we permit." The adult film industry trade group Free Speech Coalition said it was not aware of that case and called it "unconscionable ( unconscionable [ʌn'konʃənəbəl] adj I. 无良的. 没有良心的. 丧尽天良的. unscrupulous or unprincipled. Not restrained by conscience: unconscionable behavior. an unconscionable liar. II. 过分的. 失去理智的. 无理的. immoderate or excessive. Beyond prudence or reason; unconscionable spending. unconscionable demands. ) and irresponsible for AHF to use any individual as a political pawn in a press conference." Some performers have spoken out against a government mandate for condoms on set, saying it should be their personal choice. But others say they fear that they will be out of work if they ask to use condoms. Bay's real-life boyfriend, Rod Daily, who also appeared at the news conference; and a third performer who has not been identified — contracted the infection in their private lives and that frequent STD testing protocols in the industry are working. Daily, who has primarily worked in gay scenes, said his experience showed that condoms work. In gay sex scenes, unlike straight scenes, condom use is standard. Daily said he had shot with performers who were HIV-positive and had not contracted the disease. "I'm not here to fight anybody's fight," she said. "I'm just here to share my story and to get knowledge out there to people and try to prevent anything like this happening to anyone else." 4. corridor n. A narrow hall or passage with rooms leading off it, for example in railway carriages. the corridors of power the highest level of government where the most important decisions are made. His laziness became a legend in the corridors of power. passageway I. A covered walkway, between rooms or buildings. II. Any way for passing in, out or through something. passage ['pæsidʒ] I. A passageway or corridor. II. A paragraph or section of text or music with particular meaning. passage of scripture. She struggled to play the difficult passages. III. Part of a path or journey. He made his passage through the trees carefully, mindful of the stickers. IV. The official approval of a bill or act by a parliament. The company was one of the prime movers in lobbying for the passage of the act. a rite of passage an activity or ceremony that shows that someone has reached an important new stage in their life, especially the start of their adult life .There's an element of danger to most adolescent rites of passage, whether they be driving, sex, alcohol or drugs. Hallway 走廊 a passageway whose purpose is to provide access to other rooms. A corridor in a building that connects rooms. Where the hall inside the front door of a house is elongated延长, 加长, 拉长, it may be called a passage, corridor, or hallway. A hall monitor is a student volunteer in American schools who is charged with maintaining order 维持秩序 in the school's corridors. They may be either students who are chosen for the position because they are responsible负责任的, or that may be chosen on a rota from all available students (a dorm monitor室长, 舍监, similarly, is a student or teacher volunteer in schools who is charged with maintaining order in a school's dormitories, i.e. making sure children are in bed asleep and not disturbing others). While specific duties vary between establishments, hall monitors typically check that students who are outside of their classrooms during lesson times have a valid hall pass, maintain overall good conduct in the corridors by preventing running and rowdy 喧闹的, 吵闹的 behavior, and ensure students are punctual in attending classes. Hall monitors may also be posted to a school's doors in order to prevent unauthorized entry during recess, in which case they may be known as door monitors. A hall monitor may have extra privileges and authority that is not afforded to other students, though the exact nature varies between schools. Hall monitors are most commonly found in junior and middle schools within the United States, but they may also be found in other countries under different names, or with slightly different duties. 5. put out I. To extinguish: put out a fire. II. To publish: put out a weekly newsletter. III. a. To inconvenience: Did our early arrival put you out? b. To offend or irritate: I was put out by his attention to the television set. But don't you understand, and don't you look about. I'm trying to take nothing from you. So why should you act so put out for me? put off 让人恶心: To repel or repulse, as from bad manners: His indifferent attitude has put us off. IV. Vulgar Slang To be sexually active. Used of a woman. put somebody out to pasture to make someone stop working at their job because they are too old to be useful. to retire someone. (Based on put a horse out to pasture.). At 62, he felt he was not ready to be put out to pasture. Please don't put me out to pasture. I have lots of good years left. This vice president has reached retirement age. It's time to put him out to pasture. Etymology: based on the tradition of keeping farm animals that are too old to work in a pasture (land covered with grass). put someone out of his or her misery Kill a wounded or suffering animal or person, as in When a horse breaks a leg, there is nothing to do but put it out of its misery. End someone's feeling of suspense, as in Tell them who won the tournament; put them out of their misery. Both usages employ put out of in the sense of "extricate" or "free from.". 6. dud brother, dud sibling. I feel your pain. kill it (nail it ) I. To over-do. II. To make appear better than it is. Damn, girl you killin-it in them jeans! III. to chill out, stay in, or abstain from partying, possibly derived from "to kill time." Just killing it with my friends. IV. When in reference to a lady, it may also be interpreted as a reference to having sex. I'm gonna stay in and kill it with my lady. V. to generally be high performing or do a task well. fantasize, fantasise ['fæntə,saiz] vb I. (when tr, takes a clause as object) to conceive extravagant or whimsical ideas, images, etc. II. (intr) to conceive pleasant or satisfying mental images. Have you ever secretly fantasize about 幻想过 him?. 7. Quinoa (['ki:nwɑ:] ), a species of goosefoot (Chenopodium), is a grain-like crop grown primarily for its edible seeds. It is a pseudocereal rather than a true cereal, or grain, as it is not a member of the true grass family. Quinoa has become increasingly popular in the United States, Europe, China and Japan where the crop is not typically grown, increasing crop value. The popularity of quinoa in non-indigenous regions has raised concerns over food security. Due to continued widespread poverty in regions where quinoa is produced, and because few other crops are compatible with the soil and climate in these regions, it is suggested that the inflated price of quinoa disrupts local access to food supplies. The United Nations General Assembly declared 2013 as the "International Year of Quinoa" in recognition of 以表彰, 以承认, 以认可 ancestral practices of the Andean people, who have preserved quinoa as food for present and future generations, through knowledge and practices of living in harmony with nature. The objective is to draw the world's attention on the role that quinoa plays in providing food security, nutrition and poverty eradication消除贫穷, in support of achieving Millennium Development Goals. There are non-cultivated quinoa plants which grow in the same area where it is cultivated; it is presumed that those are related to quinoa's wild predecessors, but they could be descendants of cultivated plants. Today, people appreciate quinoa for its nutritional value. Quinoa has been called a superfood. Protein content 蛋白质含量 is very high for a cereal/pseudo-cereal (14% by mass), yet not as high as most beans and legumes豆类[ˈlɛgju:m liˈgju:m]. Quinoa's protein content per 100 calories is higher than brown rice, potatoes, barley and millet, but is less than wild rice and oats. Nutritional evaluations of quinoa indicate that it is a source of complete protein. Furthermore, it is a good source of dietary fiber and phosphorus and is high in magnesium镁 [mæg'ni:ziəm] and iron. Quinoa is also a source of calcium, and thus is useful for vegans and those who are lactose intolerant. Quinoa is gluten-free and considered easy to digest. 8. talk/speak in code: State police stop talking in code: Cops are starting to talk like the rest of us. The Australian Magpie 澳洲喜鹊 is a medium-sized black and white passerine bird native to Australia and southern New Guinea. Described as one of Australia's most accomplished songbirds(songbird n. A bird, especially one of the suborder Oscines of passerine birds, having a melodious song or call. accomplished I. 技术最好的. 才艺最好的. 最有才艺的. Skilled; expert: an accomplished pianist. II. Having many social graces; polished or refined. III. Unquestionable; indubitable: That smoking causes health problems is an accomplished fact既成事实, 无可否认的事实(established fact. an irreversible accomplishment. well established If you say that something is well-established, you mean that it has been in existence for quite a long time and is successful. The University has a well-established tradition of welcoming postgraduate students from overseas., ...well-established companies such as Compaq and Olivetti. ). mission accomplished 任务完成 something that you say when you have finished doing something that you were told to do. Usage notes: This was a military phrase in World War II. Mission accomplished. I've got everything you asked for on the list. ), the Australian Magpie has an array of complex vocalisations. It is omnivorous, with the bulk of its varied diet made up of invertebrates. It is generally sedentary and territorial throughout its range. Common and widespread, it has adapted well to human habitation and is a familiar bird of parks, gardens and farmland in Australia and New Guinea. Spring in Australia is magpie season, when a small minority of breeding magpies (almost always males) around the country become aggressive and swoop and attack those who approach their nests, especially bike riders. This species is commonly fed by households around the country and is the mascot of several Australian sporting teams. There are currently thought to be nine subspecies of the Australian Magpie, however there are large zones of overlap with intermediate forms between the taxa. There is a tendency for birds to become larger with increasing latitude, the southern subspecies being larger than those further north the exception being the Tasmanian form which is small. 9. 线程相关: If the method you're calling with an asynchronous delegate has no return value, you are still (technically) obliged to call EndInvoke. In practice, this is open to debate; there are no EndInvoke police to administer punishment 实施惩罚 to noncompliers! If you choose not to call EndInvoke, however, you'll need to consider exception handling on the worker method to avoid silent failures. You can also set a lower limit by calling ThreadPool.SetMinThreads. The role of the lower limit is subtler玄妙的, 微妙的: it's an advanced optimization technique that instructs the pool manager not to delay in the allocation of threads until reaching the lower limit. Raising the minimum thread count improves concurrency when there are blocked threads. Synchronization is particularly important when threads access the same data; it's surprisingly easy to run aground( run aground (on something) 搁浅 [for a ship] to ram its hull into something beneath the water and get stuck. The ship ran aground on a reef 礁石 and had to wait for high tide to get free. I was afraid we would run aground in the storm.) in this area. The two main exclusive locking constructs are lock and Mutex. Of the two, the lock construct is faster and more convenient. Mutex, though, has a niche in that its lock can span applications 跨应用的 in different processes( A Mutex is like a C# lock, but it can work across multiple processes. In other words, Mutex can be computer-wide as well as application-wide. ) on the computer. Only one thread can lock the synchronizing object (in this case, _locker) at a time, and any contending 竞争的 threads are blocked until the lock is released. 10. flunk I. To fail, especially in a course or an examination. A teen decides to go for a night on the town with his friends despite flunking his driver's test. II. 勒令退学. (intr; foll by out) to be dismissed from a school or college through failure in examinations. flunk out To expel or be expelled from a school or course because of work that does not meet required standards. insidious [in'sidiəs] I. 隐伏的,潜在的,暗中为害的, 暗自进行的. 偷着的. 背着人的. 偷偷摸摸的. Working or spreading harmfully in a subtle or stealthy manner: insidious rumors; an insidious disease暗疾. insidious propaganda. the insidious approach of age不知不觉的变老. II. Intended to entrap; treacherous: insidious misinformation. Organized crime has an insidious influence on all who come into contact with it. III. Beguiling but harmful; alluring: insidious pleasures. castigate ['kæstiˌgeit] vb (tr) to rebuke or criticize in a severe manner; chastise. Russia's Putin shines at Valdai summit as he castigates West. 关于teen idols: It is the essence of the teen idol to appeal to the burgeoning ( burgeon, bourgeon ['bɜ:dʒən] 萌芽状态的 vb. I. (often foll by forth or out) (of a plant) to sprout (buds). II. (intr; often foll by forth or out) to develop or grow rapidly; flourish. ) sexuality of the young without in any way threatening it. As recently as the 1970s, some stars were asked to shave their chests because it was perceived that chest hair was threatening吓人的 to young girls. In previous eras, because teen idols were supposed to have an aura of approachability平易近人的, 亲切的, 和蔼可亲的, they often needed to keep their romantic relationships and marriages a secret for fear of decreased popularity. Many American teen idols achieve "cross-over" success internationally, however this list is not limited to American artists alone with some people like German popstar Bill Kaulitz of the pop-rock band Tokio Hotel. 11. rig I. Informal To dress, clothe, or adorn: The costumer rigged out the actors in peasant clothing. II. To make or construct in haste or in a makeshift manner: rig up a tent for the night. III. 操纵. 动手脚. 做手脚 To manipulate dishonestly for personal gain. to manipulate in a fraudulent manner, esp for profit. to rig prices to rig an election rig a prizefight; rig stock prices. Big Brother: They rigged it to keep Tully in. rig something up to prepare something, perhaps on short notice or without the proper materials. We don't have what's needed to make the kind of circuit you have described, but I think we can rig something up anyway. We will rig up whatever you need. patch I. An indefinite period of time; a spell: weathered a difficult patch after losing his job. II. A temporary, removable electronic connection, as one between two components in a communications system. III. Computer Science A piece of code added to software in order to fix a bug, especially as a temporary correction between two releases. IV. 片区. 管区. 管辖区域. 管辖范围. a district for which particular officials, such as social workers or policemen, have responsibility. He's a problem that's on your patch, John. V. a small contrasting section or stretch. A small piece, part, or section, especially that which differs from or contrasts with the whole: a patch of thin ice; patches of sunlight. a patch of cloud in the blue sky. a bad patch 一段日子. 困难期, 有一段时间莫名其妙 a difficult or troubled time. We are still close, we just had a weird patch, because of me. No, not just because of you, I've done my fair share of stuff, it just concreted it a bit(concrete: To harden; solidify.). not be a patch on somebody/something (British & Australian) to not be as good as someone or something else. It's a reasonably entertaining film but it's not a patch on 'Bladerunner'. patch something up 修复关系, 和好如初, 重归于好 I. Lit. to repair something in a hurry; to make something temporarily serviceable again. Can you patch this up so I can use it again? I'll patch up the hose for you. II. Fig. to "repair" the damage done by an argument or disagreement. to fix a relationship. Charles said they wanted to patch up any
outstanding differences as soon as possible. Early in our marriage, we
sometimes argued about money, but we always patched things up. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are trying to patch things up. We patched up our argument, then kissed and made up. patch a quarrel up 冰释前嫌, 尽释前嫌 Fig. to put an end to a quarrel; to reconcile quarreling parties. Tom and Fred were able to patch their quarrel up. I hope we can patch up this quarrel. patch something together (with something) to use something to repair something hastily or temporarily. I think I can patch the exhaust pipe together with some wire. See if you can patch this engine together well enough to run for a few more hours. beauty spot n. I. 胎记. 美人痣. A mole or birthmark. Also called beauty mark. II. A small black mark penciled or glued on a woman's face or shoulders to accentuate the fairness of her skin or to conceal a blemish(blemish ['blɛmiʃ] n. a defect; flaw; stain. 斑点, 伤疤, 污点, 瑕疵.). Also called beauty mark, patch. III. A location noted for its beauty. 12. drink machine = vending machine: A vending machine is a machine which dispenses items such as snacks, beverages, alcohol, cigarettes, lottery tickets, cologne, consumer products and even gold and gems to customers automatically, after the customer inserts currency or credit into the machine. A public address system (PA system) 广播系统(I heard that on PA.) is an electronic sound amplification and distribution system with a microphone, amplifier and loudspeakers, used to allow a person to address a large public, for example for announcements of movements at large and noisy air and rail terminals. The term is also used for systems which may additionally have a mixing console, and amplifiers and loudspeakers suitable for music as well as speech, used to reinforce a sound source, such as recorded music or a person giving a speech or distributing the sound throughout a venue or building. Simple PA systems are often used in small venues such as school auditoriums, churches, and small bars. PA systems with many speakers are widely used to make announcements in public, institutional and commercial buildings and locations. Intercom systems, installed in many buildings, have microphones in many rooms allowing the occupants to respond to announcements. 13. bring something on 引起, 引发, 导致, 招来 I. to cause something to happen; to cause a situation to occur. What brought this event on? What brought on this catastrophe? Why are you feeling alone, has anything brought it on, do you think? II. to cause a case or an attack of a disease. What brought on your coughing fit? Something in the air brought it on. bring something on someone to cause something to go wrong for someone. You brought it on yourself. Don't complain. Max brought this problem on all of us. bring someone on I. Lit. to bring someone out onto the stage. Now, for the next act, I'm going to bring a chorus on, and I'm sure you'll love them. Bring on the clowns! II. Fig. to arouse someone romantically or sexually. Ted sought to bring Sally on, but she was uninterested. He tried to bring on one of the guests. 表示提出, 说出, 表示出来, 表达出来: Please come out with your tentative ideas at
the meeting. Whatever you think, come out with
it说出来吧. If you are man enough, come out with what you
have to say! If you have anything on your mind, I
want you to come out with it. If you're so chicken-hearted 胆小如鼠的,
Chih-sheng, you shouldn't have come out with us in the first
place. It's warm enough to
bring out 拿出. 取出. the garden chairs. She was so
shocked that she could hardly bring out a
word一句话也说不出来. I want to bring out clearly all the
issues提出 that are involved. It did not take the
police, long time to bring out the truth查出真相. No
sooner do you buy a computer than they bring out a new one which
supersedes it. He has the ability to bring
out the best in others.14. en masse [ɑn'mæs, ɑ̃] adv. 集体, 一起. In
one group or body; all together. in a mass; all together; as a group: The guests arrived en masse. The protesters marched en masse to the
capitol. NBN board offers to quit en masse: Fairfax
Media reports today NBN chairwoman Siobhan McKenna offered the en masse
resignations to Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull last week. Mr
Turnbull is expected to shake up the NBN board, with former Telstra
chief executive Ziggy Switkowski tipped to become chairman. The
Coalition has promised to overhaul the NBN to a slower, cheaper model
that relies on running fibre to "nodes" on street corners and then using
Telstra's copper network for the last few hundred metres. amass [ə'mæs] vb I.
(tr) to accumulate or collect (esp riches, etc.). "The astronomers had
amassed compelling evidence that the galaxies indeed were speeding away
from the earth and from each other". II. to gather in a heap; bring together. amassed a fortune.
兄弟俩Grand Final打对手: Fremantle's
Stephen Hill, left, who will face off against his brother and Hawthorn
midfielder Bradley in Saturday's grand final - the first time siblings
have clashed in a grand final since 1912. IF you pity the mothers
of those sons who put their heads over the ball and everything on the
line, pity twice 可怜, 同情 the lot of the mother of Stephen and Bradley Hill. Boys
will be boys and brothers as far back as the Bible's Cain and Abel have
spilt the blood they share, but it is a rare thing 少见的事 indeed for them to
line up on opposite sides in something as serious as an AFL grand final. In
last year's preliminary final Ben Reid and Heath Shaw of Collingwood
suffered defeat at the hands of their brothers Sam and Rhyce of Sydney;
and three Selwoods were involved in the equivalent match the year before
when the Cats took on the Eagles. However, you have to
go back to 1912 when Vic Belcher took the field for South Melbourne
and his brother Alan for Essendon - to find a time when siblings last
competed in a grand final. This Saturday Stephen Hill,
23, will be adding some run to Fremantle while his little brother
Bradley, 20, will be attempting to do the same for Hawthorn. They
have only ever played each other once before in the AFL and that was
when the two sides met in Launceston in round 4 this year. Their little
brother Corey wore a Freo beanie and a Hawthorn shirt to that game. In
Melbourne this Saturday mother Stephanie plans to wear both clubs'
scarves. On the field, however, the two players will
have little time for brotherly love兄弟情, 兄弟情深. When Stephen is asked how he would
feel if team mate and super pest Ryan Crowley starts to rough up his
younger sibling( rough someone up 欺负, 欺凌 to beat someone up; to maltreat someone. to attack someone physically but without causing serious injury. He was only thirteen the first time gang members roughed him up. It is reported that police officers roughed up several protesters.Am I going to have to rough you up, or will you cooperate? The crooks roughed up the old lady before taking her purse.) he smiles. "If we have to do that . . . anything we can do to win. I might start getting into him ( get into I. To become involved in: got into trouble by stealing cars. II. Informal To be interested in: got into gourmet cooking. ) as well." The
Hawks' Bradley has said in the past that he's the faster one, his older
brother isn't so sure that's true. "I think it'd be pretty close," he
says. "We've never really had a race 从来没有比过 in a while." And if it does come to
a Jetta-Rioli moment? "I'll try and burn him off if I can( burn (oneself) out I. Fig. to do something so long and so intensely that one gets sick and tired of doing it. I burned myself out as a competitive swimmer. I just cannot stand to practice anymore. Tom burned himself out in that boring job. II. Fig. = use someone up. to wear someone out; to make someone ineffective through overuse. Facing all these problems at once will burn Tom out. The continuous problems burned out the office staff in a few months. burn off [for some excess volatile or flammable substance] to burn away or burn up. A film of oil on the surface of the water was burning off, making dense black smoke. The alcohol burned off and left a delicious flavor in the cherries jubilee. We burnt the gasoline off the water's surface. Why did you burn off the gasoline?). I think I've
got him covered." Stephen admits he misses the kid he used to kick the football with in the front yard. "We
were always pretty close," he said. "Sometimes it's hard not having him
here. I miss him a little bit. But he's really enjoying it over there,
and it's good seeing him play some good footy." The
pair come from Quinns District, a club 40km north of the Perth CBD.
Their dad was a footballer and mum Stephanie is a passionate fan of the
game. Having both her boys playing in the grand final is in no way a
torment. "It's a dream come true," she said. "I'm so
excited and proud. I'll just be going for both of them really, but I
sort of feel for Freo because they've never been there and Hawthorn
have. But both boys want it." Bradley made his debut
for the Hawks last year and Stephen would ring and offer him tips after a
game, but it is highly unlikely anything like that will be happening
this week. "We've sent a few texts to each other just
saying well done on the wins, and pretty much see you next week,"
Stephen said yesterday. "It's pretty exciting times." The
older sibling can't help but be impressed by what Bradley has done
since making his debut last year. "He's improved a lot, really done the
hard work, really worked on the things he needed to improve on," he
said. "He's really dedicated; he's done a lot of hard work and I'm
really proud of him. Bradley kicked a crucial late goal against Geelong to get the Hawks into the grand final. "I
thought he did pretty well," Stephen said. "It was good watching him,
seeing him get the win. I'm just really excited about playing this week
now. I did get a bit excited actually - seeing him kick that goal in
that moment."
.Net中的多线程: A
program or method is thread-safe if it has no indeterminacy犹豫不决, 迟疑, 不确定性 in the face
of any multithreading scenario. Thread safety is achieved primarily
with locking and by reducing the possibilities for thread interaction.
General-purpose types are rarely thread-safe in their entirety( in its/their entirety completely; until completely done or gone. I watched the basketball game in its entirety. My friends and I ate the two large pizzas in their entirety.). The
development burden in full thread safety can be significant,
particularly if a type has many fields (each field is a potential for
interaction in an arbitrarily multithreaded context). Primitive
types aside, few .NET Framework types, when instantiated, are
thread-safe for anything more than concurrent read-only access. The onus ( onus [ˈəunəs] n pl onuses. a responsibility, task, or burden. A difficult or disagreeable responsibility or necessity; a burden or obligation. The burden of proof: The onus was on the defense attorney. )
is on the developer to superimpose thread safety, typically with
exclusive locks. Thread safety is hence usually implemented just where it needs to be, in order to handle
a specific multithreading scenario. There are, however, a few ways to "cheat" and have large and complex classes run safely in a multithreaded
environment. One is to sacrifice granularity by wrapping large sections
of code—even access to an entire object—within a single exclusive lock,
enforcing serialized access at a high level. This tactic is, in fact,
essential if you want to use thread-unsafe third-party code (or most
Framework types, for that matter) in a multithreaded context. The trick
is simply to use the same exclusive lock to protect access to all
properties, methods, and fields on the thread-unsafe object. The
solution works well if the object's methods all execute quickly
(otherwise, there will be a lot of blocking ). Another way to cheat is to minimize thread interaction by minimizing shared data. This
is an excellent approach and is used implicitly in "stateless"(比如一个类如果没有fields, 那就叫stateless)
middle-tier application and web page servers. Since multiple client
requests can arrive simultaneously, the server methods they call must be
thread-safe. A stateless design (popular for reasons of scalability可测量性, scalable, scale)
intrinsically (intrinsic [in'trinsik], intrinsical) 从根本上 limits the possibility of interaction, since classes do
not persist data(因为没有fields, 所以对两个请求的处理就没有数据存留) between requests. Thread interaction is then limited
just to the static fields one may choose to create, for such purposes as为了这样的目的
caching commonly used data in memory(比如把查询数据库的数据存在一个Dictionary里, 下次先从Dictionary里查, 没有的话再查数据库.) and in providing infrastructure
services such as authentication and auditing. The final approach in implementing thread safety is to use an automatic locking regime. The .NET Framework does exactly this, if you subclass ContextBoundObject and apply the Synchronization attribute to the class. Whenever a method or property
on such an object is then called, an object-wide lock is automatically
taken for the whole execution of the method or property. Although this
reduces the thread safety burden, it creates problems of its own:
deadlocks that would not otherwise occur, impoverished ( I. Reduced to poverty; poverty-stricken. II. Deprived of natural richness or strength; limited or depleted: an impoverished vocabulary; a region impoverished by drought. ) concurrency, and
unintended reentrancy重入. For these reasons, manual locking is generally a
better option — at least until a less simplistic automatic locking regime
becomes available. Wrapping access to an object around a custom lock works only if all concurrent threads are aware of— and use —the lock. This may not be the case if the object is widely scoped. The worst case is with static members in a public type. For instance, imagine if the static property on the DateTime struct, DateTime.Now, was not threadsafe, and that two concurrent calls could result in garbled output or an exception. The only way to remedy this with external locking might be to lock the type itself — lock(typeof(DateTime)) — before
calling DateTime.Now. For this reason, static members on the DateTime
struct have been carefully programmed to be thread-safe. This is a common pattern throughout the .NET Framework: static members are thread-safe; instance members are not. Following this pattern also makes sense when writing types for public consumption, so as not to create impossible thread-safety conundrums难题, 谜语. Application servers need to be multithreaded to handle simultaneous client requests. WCF, ASP.NET, and Web Services applications are implicitly multithreaded; the same holds true for Remoting server applications that use a network channel such as TCP or HTTP. This means that when writing code on the server side, you must consider thread safety if there's any possibility of interaction among the threads processing client requests. Fortunately, such a possibility is rare; a typical server class either is stateless (no fields) or has an activation model that creates a separate object instance for each client or each request. Interaction usually arises only through static fields, sometimes used for caching in memory parts of a database to improve performance. In this example, we choose a practical compromise 妥协 between simplicity and performance in locking.
母亲的惩罚: A FURIOUS mother has taken revenge on her 'lippy'(adj. I. 厚颜无耻的. insolent傲慢无礼的 or cheeky. Talking back, in a cheeky manner. II. having large or prominent lips. n. lipstick,
(colloquial) lip gloss.) teenage daughter by selling her treasured One Direction tickets on Ebay. The mother became enraged after her daughter and her friends had pretended to be on a sleepover( A sleepover, also known as a pajama party or a slumber party, is a party most commonly held by children or teenagers, where a guest or guests are invited to stay overnight at the home of a friend, sometimes to celebrate birthdays or other special events. A lock-in is a similar event held in a setting other than a private home, such as a school or church. The sleepover is often called a "rite of passage" as a young child, or a teenager, begins to assert independence and to develop social connections outside the immediate family.) when in fact they were hanging out at an older man's house. The auction description says: "You can thank my daughters self righteous 自以为是的 and lippy attitude for their sale. See sweety? And you thought I was bluffing虚张声势. And your silly little pack mentality ( The tendency for groups of individuals to act together without planned direction. wiki: Herd behavior describes how individuals in a group can act together without planned direction. The term pertains to the behavior of animals in herds, flocks and schools, demonstrations, riots and general strikes, sporting events, religious gatherings, episodes of mob violence and everyday decision-making, judgment and opinion-forming. Asymmetric aggregation of animals under panic conditions has been observed in many species, including humans, mice, and ants. Theoretical models have demonstrated symmetry-breaking similar to observations in scientific studies. For example, when panicked individuals are confined to a room with two equal and equidistant exits, a majority will favor one exit while the minority will favor the other. ) of taking your parents for fools is one sadly mistaken. Anyhow. Your loss is someone else's gain who deserves them! YOU all LIED to us about sleep overs so you could hang like ( hang/hold on like grim death (British & Australian informal) to hold something very tightly, usually because you are frightened that you will fall. Darren always drives the bike and I sit behind him, hanging on like grim death. ) little trollops ( trollop ['troləp] n. I. 生活不检点的. 放荡的. 作风不正的. a promiscuous woman, esp a prostitute. A woman regarded as slovenly or untidy; a slattern. II. an untidy woman; slattern. ) at an older guys HOUSE? Pffft!! "I'm not your friend. I'm your MOTHER. And I am here to give you the boundaries that YOU NEED to become a functional responsible adult. You may hate me now..... But I don't care. It's my job to raise a responsible adult, not nurture bad habits in my teen age child."
