用法学习: 1. head for the hills and take to the hills; run for the hills I. Lit. to flee to higher ground. The river's rising. Head for the hills! Head for the hills! Here comes the flood! II.
Fig. to depart quickly. To flee or vanish; to run away. Here comes crazy Joe. Run for the hills.
Everyone is heading for the hills because that boring Mr. Simpson is
coming here again. He often took to the hills when his mother-in-law was in town. derelict /ˈderəlɪkt/ 破败不堪的 something such as a building or piece of land that is derelict is empty, not used, and in a bad condition. a derelict house/factory/warehouse. desolate [ˈdesələt] 荒无人迹的, 荒无人烟的, 荒芜的 I. a desolate place is completely empty with no people or pleasant features in it. desolate streets. II. feeling very sad and lonely. 3. tumble I. if a price or value tumbles, it suddenly becomes much lower. Unemployment tumbled to 5.6% in November. II. tumble down if a building or other structure tumbles, it falls to the ground. It seemed that the walls had tumbled from the inside. The scaffolding tumbled down, burying him under it.. a. if someone tumbles, they fall to the ground. III. if water tumbles somewhere, a lot of it flows there. a. used about large amounts of other things that move. Great white clouds tumbled over the mountain peaks above us. if long hair tumbles down, it hangs down in large amounts. Long dark hair tumbled down her back. IV. tumble down if an organization or system tumbles, it suddenly stops existing. Communism came tumbling down all over Eastern Europe. V. to do gymnastic movements in which you roll your body over on the floor. tumbledown adj. a tumbledown building is old and in bad condition. 4. modulate [ˈmodjuleɪt] I. [intransitive/transitive] formal to change something, especially in order to achieve a particular effect. a. [intransitive/transitive] mainly literary if you modulate your voice, or if it modulates, you change the way it sounds. His voice had modulated into seriousness. b. [transitive] medical to control or affect a medical process or condition. c. [transitive] physics to change the energy level or frequency of a radio wave. II. [intransitive] music if a piece of music modulates, it changes to a different key. moderate I. 适度的, 不高不低的, 不大不小的. neither very great nor very small in amount, size, strength, or degree. Cook the spinach over a moderate heat. moderate increase/loss/growth: This month has seen a moderate increase in house prices. II. reasonable and avoiding extreme opinions or actions. She was on the moderate wing of the party. The tone of his speech was quite moderate. a. doing, eating, or drinking only sensible amounts of something. a moderate drinker (=of alcohol). 5. There seems to be zero bitterness in this breakup—at least on Casper Smart's end. Jennifer Lopez and the backup dancer may have parted ways, but the singer's former flame still gave his ex-girlfriend props for her latest release. J.Lo's highly anticipated eighth studio album and first with Capitol Records, A.K.A., dropped 空降 today, and Smart took to Instagram to promote her latest work. 'Gosh, I wish I woulda met you in high school and we would've just gotten married and lived happily ever after and had kids and had a great life together,' but life is not as neat as that人生并不能那么如意, 美好( neat I. 干净整洁的, 利落的. carefully arranged and looking nice. His hair was pulled back into a neat ponytail. She arranged the papers into three neat piles on her desk. neat and clean: Her uniform was always neat and clean. neat and tidy: The house was always neat and tidy. a. 收拾的干净利落饿. tending to keep things carefully arranged and looking nice. Chris is a very neat person. II. producing a result in a simple but intelligent way. a neat way of solving the problem. III. small and pleasing in appearance. a neat little cottage. IV. a neat alcoholic drink is served without any ice and is not mixed with any other liquid. He drank his whisky neat. V. mainly American informal good, or nice. She's a really neat person – you'll like her.) all the time.". 6. Look, I don't know how to put this nicely说的好听, 显得好看. But, no is the answer. It ain't nothing but a stupid stereotype. angle I. to make something point in a particular direction, especially one that is not directly in front of you. Angle the mirror so that you can see behind you. a. to make a ball move in a direction that is not straight in front of you. Little john blasted an angled shot well wide of the goal偏离球门. II. 侧重于, 倾向于. to do or write something in a way that makes one thing seem more important than others, or gives special emphasis to one opinion. Our efforts have been angled very much towards improving customer service. angle for something to try to
make someone give you something without asking for it directly. She didn't want Ron thinking that she was angling for 寻求 sympathy. 7. cherub 复数 cherubim or cherubs I. art a type of angel that is represented in art as an attractive, slightly fat small child or baby. II. plural cherubs an attractive child, or one who behaves very well. A beautiful or innocent-looking child: a wistful cherub of eighteen months, photographed at her playgroup. wistful [ˈwɪstf(ə)l] I. 惆怅的, 怅惘的, 怀念的, 怀旧的. slightly sad because you want to have or to do something. a wistful expression/smile. a. 念念不忘的. used when you are thinking about something that made you happy in the past. Miranda felt a wistful longing for the old days. 8. Grade retention or grade repetition 留级 is the process of having a student repeat an educational course, usually one previously failed. Students who repeat a course are referred as "repeaters留级生". Repeaters can be referred to as having been "held back"(21 Jump Street: Forget those identities. They're bullshit. They said I was held back a year留了一年级, 留了一级. Just 'cause it's a fake backstory doesn't mean it doesn't hurt my feelings.). The primary alternative to grade retention (for those who have failed) is a policy of social promotion, under the ideological principle that staying with their same-age peers is important. Social promotion is the promotion of all students, regardless of achievement, from one class to the next. Social promotion is somewhat more accepted in countries which use tracking to group students according to academic ability. Regardless of whether a failing student 考试没有通过 is retained or promoted, academic scholars believe that underperformance must be addressed with intensive remedial help集中补救措施, such as summer school programs. In most countries, grade retention has been banned or strongly discouraged. In Canada and the United States, grade retention can be used from Kindergarten through twelfth grade. However, with older students, retention is usually restricted to仅限于 the specific classes that the student failed, so that a student can be, for example, promoted in a math class but retained in a language class. Where it is permitted, grade retention is most common among students in early elementary school. Most schools refuse to retain a student more than once in a single grade, or more than two or three years across all grades. Students with intellectual disabilities are only retained when parents and school officials agree to do so.
Little did someone know完全没有意识到, 完全不知道, 一点都没有想到, 完全没有想到: It means that the person didn't know about the idea being discussed. They only knew a little bit about it. But this expression is used in a particular context. It is used to remark on the fact that a person committed some action while entirely unaware of what was going to happen next, or what he was getting himself into. The "little" that the person knows really implies that they could not anticipate the outcome or the consequences. "Little did he know, when he started his journey, how difficult it was going to be." "When he asked the beautiful woman for directions, little did he know that this simple question was going to connect him with the love of his life.". "Little did he know that he was about to embark on the most thrilling experience of his life.". "Little did I know that John was going to become such a great employee." If you want to express the idea that someone doesn't know very much (or even anything at all) about a particular topic, you would say something different. "He knew little about 不大了解, 不知道 forensic science when he started writing his mystery novel." Not the same as: "Little did he know, when he started his mystery novel, how much research he would need in the field of forensics.". "She knew little or nothing about computers before she bought one." This is not the same as: "Little did she know, when she bought a computer, how much time she would end up spending on line."
party favor and wedding favor: party favor I. (US) A small gift given to a guest at a party, as a souvenir. II. (informal, euphemistic) A narcotic, particularly an amphetamine, to be shared at a gathering. A party favor or party favour 伴手礼, 答谢礼 is a small gift given to the guests at a party as a gesture of thanks for their attendance, a memento of the occasion, or simply as an aid to frivolity ( frivolity [frɪˈvoləti] I. [uncountable] silly behaviour or attitudes. a. [countable] something that is silly. ). Wedding favors are small gifts given as a gesture of appreciation or gratitude to guests from the bride and groom during a wedding ceremony or a wedding reception. As the price of sugar decreased throughout centuries, the tradition of providing gifts to guests reached the general populace and was embraced by couples of modest means. As sugar became more affordable, bonbonnieres were replaced with almonds. For centuries, almonds were commonly distributed to wedding guests to signify well wishes on the bridegroom's new life. In the thirteenth century, almonds coated with sugar, known as confetti, were introduced. Confetti soon transformed to sugared almonds, which later evolved into the wedding favor for modern day weddings. The choice of favors is personal to the hosts, who might make or buy party favors for their event. The main factors in this decision are budget, the number of guests, the longevity or shelf life of the chosen favor, and the time available for making or shopping for favors. The longevity of the favor depends on whether or not it is edible or would otherwise spoil, such as fresh flowers. Chocolate favors given out to guests of a party on occasions like birthdays, corporate celebrations and weddings are known as Party Chocolate Favors. They can be customized and personalized. For instance, for a theme party, like a Las Vegas theme party, one could get chocolate shaped as casino counters or playing cards. For corporate occasions, one could get the logo and tagline printed on these favors.
Time-poor(time poverty), downshifting, rat race, dog-eat-dog, splash cash, dip one's toe in, stuck in a rut: Money-rich, time-poor有钱无闲 is an expression which arose in Britain at the end of the 20th century to describe groups of people who, whilst having a high disposable income through well-paid employment, have relatively little leisure time as a result. The phrase is still in use. Time poverty has also been coined as a noun for the phenomenon. Many people accept time poverty as a necessary condition of employment; others have sought to solve the problem through downshifting ( Downshifting is a social behavior or trend in which individuals live simpler lives to escape from the rat race 竞争激烈, 忙忙碌碌的工作环境 of obsessive materialism ( rat race 每天忙忙碌碌, 却不知道在忙什么的状态, 碌碌无为, 忙碌终日: an activity, job, or situation in which there is a lot of competition and people are too busy to relax or enjoy themselves. A rat race is an endless, self-defeating, or pointless pursuit. It conjures up the image of the futile efforts of a lab rat trying to escape while running around a maze or in a wheel. In an analogy to the modern city, many rats in a single maze expend a lot of effort running around, but ultimately achieve nothing (meaningful) either collectively or individually. This is often used in reference to work, particularly excessive or competitive work; in general terms, if one works too much, one is in the rat race. This terminology contains implications that many people see work as a seemingly endless pursuit with little reward or purpose. dog eat dog 不择手段, 尔虞吾诈, 无所不用其极的世界(agonistic) if a situation is dog eat dog, people will do anything to be successful, even if what they do harms other people. In showbusiness it's dog eat dog - one day you're a star, the next you've been replaced by younger talent. ) and to reduce the "stress, overtime, and psychological expense that may accompany it随之而来的, 与之俱来的". It emphasizes finding an improved balance between leisure and work and focusing life goals on personal fulfillment and relationship building instead of the all-consuming pursuit of economic success. Downshifting also refers to the act of reducing the gear of a motor vehicle while driving a manual transmission. Downshifting, as a concept, shares many characteristics 有很多相同点, 很多相似点 with simple living, but is distinguished, as an alternative form, by its focus on moderate 适度的 change and concentration on an individual comfort level, a "dip your toes in gently" approach. dip one's toes into Also, get one's toes into / wet Begin to do something novel or unfamiliar, as in I have been dipping my toes into Asian cooking , or She's eager to go to Europe and has been getting her toes wet by getting travel information. dip a/your toe in (the water) said when you start something carefully because you are not sure whether it will work or not. to start very carefully to do or become involved in something that you are not experienced at. Put one's toe briefly in (water), typically to check the temperature. Begin to do or test (something) cautiously: the company has already dipped its toe into the market. I am doing some volunteer work at the new school to try and dip my toe in the water of working in the education field. ) or through adoption of flexible working arrangements. Increasingly, overworked people try to yaggle their way out of work ruts ( rut I. [countable] [usually singular] a situation that is boring and difficult to change. be (stuck) in a rut陷入一种既定轨道: If you're in a rut, change jobs. II. [countable] 车辙. a deep narrow mark in the ground made by a wheel. I had to walk in frozen ruts in the snow. III. [uncountable] the time of the year when some male animals are sexually active. in rut: the sound of stags in rut. ) - they turn to the internet as a tool to maximize the recreational utility they can get out of scarce leisure time. "Time poverty" is not restricted to the wealthy, but can occur at all levels of society. time-poor adj I. lacking spare time or leisure time. II. (Sociology) under pressure to complete activities quickly. Transport cash splash 大把花钱, 大手大脚, 大方 to win the hearts of time-poor commuters. I've been with my girlfriend for three years and we've decided to get married. I'd like to get your advice on how much to spend on an engagement ring. Should I splash to show I love her, or get a cheap one and save my money for really big expenses, like saving for a home? Answer: Don't splash cash to show love, get value for money.
C#常识: 1. 传统的编译方法是ahead of time compilation (AOT)事先编译, 然后有脚本的interpretation方式. 在中间的有Dynamic compilation(JIT是其中之一)和incremental compilation: JIT: In computing, just-in-time compilation (JIT), also known as dynamic translation, is compilation done during execution of a program – at run time – rather than prior to execution. Most often this consists of translation to machine code, which is then executed directly, but can also refer to translation to another format. JIT compilation is a combination of the two traditional approaches to translation to machine code – ahead of time compilation (AOT), and interpretation – and combines some advantages and drawbacks 优缺点 of both. Roughly, JIT compilation combines 结合了 the speed of compiled code编译执行的速度 with the flexibility of interpretation解释执行的灵活性, with the overhead of an interpreter and the additional overhead of compiling (not just interpreting). JIT compilation is a form of dynamic compilation, and allows adaptive optimization such as dynamic recompilation – thus in principle JIT compilation can yield faster execution than static compilation静态编译. JIT typically causes a slight delay in initial execution of an application, due to the time taken to load and compile the bytecode. Sometimes this delay is called "startup time delay". In general, the more optimization JIT performs, the better the code it will generate, but the initial delay will also increase. A JIT compiler therefore has to make a trade-off between 取得平衡 the compilation time and the quality of the code it hopes to generate. However, it seems that much of the startup time is sometimes due to IO-bound operations rather than JIT compilation. Runtime environments using dynamic compilation typically have programs run slowly for the first few minutes, and then after that, most of the compilation and recompilation is done and it runs quickly. Due to this initial performance lag, dynamic compilation is undesirable in certain cases. In most implementations of dynamic compilation, some optimizations that could be done at the initial compile time are delayed until further compilation at run-time, causing further unnecessary slowdowns. Just-in-time compilation is a form of dynamic compilation. A common implementation of JIT compilation is to first have AOT compilation to bytecode (virtual machine code), known as bytecode compilation, and then have JIT compilation to machine code (dynamic compilation), rather than interpretation of the bytecode. This improves the runtime performance compared to interpretation, at the cost of lag due to compilation. JIT compilers translate continuously, as with interpreters, but caching of compiled code minimizes lag on future execution of the same code during a given run. Since only part of the program is compiled, there is significantly less lag than if the entire program were compiled prior to execution. 增量编译A closely related technique is incremental compilation增量编译. This requires the compiler for the programming language to be part of the runtime system. In consequence, source code can be read in at any time, from the terminal, from a file, or possibly from a data-structure constructed by the running program, and translated into a machine code block or function (which may replace a previous function of the same name), which is then immediately available for use by the program. Because of the need for speed of compilation during interactive development and testing, the compiled code is likely not to be as heavily optimised as code produced by a standard 'batch compiler', which reads in source code and produces object files that can subsequently be linked and run. However an incrementally compiled program will typically run much faster than an interpreted version of the same program. Incremental compilation thus provides a mixture of the benefits of interpreted and compiled languages. To aid portability it is generally desirable for the incremental compiler to operate in two stages, namely first compiling to some intermediate platform-independent language, and then compiling from that to machine code for the host machine. In this case porting requires only changing the 'back end' compiler. Unlike dynamic compilation, as defined above, incremental compilation does not involve further optimisations after the program is first run. 2. .Net的实现和各名词的关系(CLI是微软和ISO制定的跨平台运行环境的规范, 其包括了对datatype, metadata语言规范和运行环境(The Virtual Execution System)的规范. .NET Framework是微软对CLI的一个实现, 其他实现有free and open source Mono and Portable.NET. .NET Compact Framework is Microsoft's commercial implementation of the CLI for portable devices and Xbox 360. CLR是微软对运行环境VES部分的实现, The CLR is Microsoft's implementation of the Virtual Execution System (VES) as defined in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, initially developed by Microsoft itself. All programs written for the .NET framework, regardless of programming language, are executed by the CLR. It provides exception handling, garbage collection and thread management. CLR is common to all versions of the .NET framework. ): The .NET Framework is Microsoft's original commercial implementation of the CLI. Its Virtual Execution System is the Common Language Runtime and its implementation of the Standard Libraries is the Framework Class Library. 什么是CLI: The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is an open specification developed by Microsoft and standardized by ISO and ECMA that describes the executable code and runtime environment. The specification defines an environment that allows multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms without being rewritten for specific architectures. The .NET Framework and the free and open source Mono and Portable.NET are implementations of the CLI. Among other things, the CLI specification describes the following four aspects: The Common Type System (CTS) - A set of data types and operations that are shared by all CTS-compliant programming languages. The Metadata - Information about program structure is language-agnostic, so that it can be referenced between languages and tools, making it easy to work with code written in a language one's not using. The Common Language Specification (CLS) - A set of base rules to which any language targeting the CLI should conform in order to interoperate with other CLS-compliant languages. The CLS rules define a subset of the Common Type System. The Virtual Execution System (VES) - The VES loads and executes CLI-compatible programs, using the metadata to combine separately generated pieces of code at runtime. 3. 什么是IL: What Is the Intermediate Language? This is the language code generated by the C# compiler or any .NET-aware compiler. All .NET languages generate this code. This is the code that is executed during runtime. You can view this MSIL code with the help of a utility called Intermediate Language Disassembler (ILDASM). This utility displays the application's information in a tree-like fashion. Because the contents of this file are read-only, a programmer or anybody accessing these files cannot make any modifications to the output generated by the source code.
