用法学习: 1. scalable [ˈskeɪləb(ə)l] scalable systems, software, or technologies continue to work well when they are used on a large scale or by many people. It's a promising technology, but we don't yet know whether it is scalable. an economical and scalable solution for expanding backup capacity. scald [skɔ:ld] I. to burn your skin with very hot liquid or steam. The Christmas before, her mother had scalded herself with the turkey fat. II. literary if tears scald your eyes, your eyes feel hot because you are crying. 2. The schoolgirl was screaming in agony痛的大叫 when her leg was caught underneath a tram carriage in Dublin, Ireland. But
then dozens of commuters banded together 齐心协力, 团结一致 and pushed the tram enough for
the girl to free her leg and escape with just scrapes划伤, 擦伤 and bruises. Last
November, the Modern Family star gushed that her favourite dates with
Matt were when they kept things casual. "I'm not a really fancy girl, I
like something really simple," she said at the time. "As long as thought
was put into it 只要用心, 只要尽心尽力, that's all that matters to me.". 3. dispatch = despatch n. a report that a military officer sends from a battlefield (=a place where a battle is being fought) or a government official sends from a foreign country. mentioned in dispatches British if a soldier is mentioned in dispatches, a senior officer sends a report to say that the soldier has fought well and should receive a medal. with dispatch very formal as soon and as fast as possible. v. I. to send someone or something somewhere. The goods are dispatched from a warehouse. II. to kill a person or animal. III. to get rid of someone or something in a fast and effective way.
各式钳子: 1. Pliers 用来夹, 捏的钳子(hold or squeeze something) are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly, possibly developed from tongs used to handle hot metal in Bronze Age Europe. They are also useful for bending and compressing a wide range of materials. 2. Pincers(圆形头的用来cut或pull的钳子) are a similar tool with a different type of head used for cutting and pulling, rather than squeezing. If the pincers have perpendicular cutting edges, the pincers are often called end-nippers or end-cutters. 3. Tools which are effectively pliers designed principally for safely handling hot objects are usually called tongs(比如火锅店里用来夹牛肉的). 4. Special tools for making crimp connections (A crimp connection 钳式的接在一起 is achieved with a type of solderless electrical connector. Simple crimp connectors are typically used to terminate stranded wire. Specialised crimp connectors are also used, for example as signal connectors on coaxial cables in applications at high radio frequencies (VHF, UHF).) in electrical and electronic applications are often called "crimping pliers"; each type of connection uses its own dedicated tool. 5. A vise (American) or vice (British)(专门用来夹东西或固定东西以作业的机器) is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an object to allow work to be performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed and the other movable, threaded in and out by a screw and lever. 6. Tweezers镊子 are tools used for picking up objects too small to be easily handled with the human hands. They are probably derived from tongs, pincers, or scissors-like pliers used to grab or hold hot objects since the dawn of recorded history. In a scientific or medical context they are normally referred to as forceps科研用或者医学钳子. 7. A clamp(cramp in uk and au) is a fastening device to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the application of inward pressure. In the United Kingdom and Australia, the term cramp is often used instead when the tool is for temporary use for positioning components during construction and woodworking; thus a G cramp or a sash cramp but a wheel clamp or a surgical clamp.
健康知识: 0. My left arm is badly bruised and I was slightly concussed( concussed [kənˈkʌst] feeling ill or becoming unconscious for a short time because of a head injury. concussion 脑震荡: a head injury that makes someone feel ill or become unconscious for a short time. The terms mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), mild head injury (MHI), minor head trauma, and concussion may be used interchangeably, although the last is often treated as a narrower category. repercussion 恶果, 后果 a bad effect that something has, usually lasting for a long time. serious long-term economic repercussions. ). 1. Grazes擦伤, 划伤: Grazes (also called scrapes, abrasions, 'carpet burns' or 'gravel rash') are some of the most common injuries to skin, especially for children. They are very painful as they damage many nerve endings in the skin. The top layers of the skin are scraped off 破皮 and the broken skin surface is covered by many small bleeding spots where tiny blood vessels毛细血管 are broken. Bleeding is not usually severe, since only small blood vessels are damaged. Grazes hurt, so the child will need comforting需要安慰. Wash your hands before starting to treat the wound, as the damage has broken the body's first defence against infection (the skin), and grazes can become infected感染. Stopping bleeding is not usually a problem with grazes, but if there is ongoing bleeding, apply pressure with a clean dressing干净的包扎, 绷带 - either a sterile dressing消毒包扎 from a first aid kit, or a clean cloth (an ironed one is good as ironing kills germs). If these are not available, clean paper tissues can be used. Many grazes will contain dirt, small stones or other 'foreign' matter which can lead to infection if left. 2. Infected wounds伤口感染: Any wound breaks the skin barrier against infection, and germs病菌 can get in. A wound that has not started to heal within 2 days could be infected. Infections may spread to the area around the wound, and sometimes to the whole body. Signs that the wound may be infected include: increasing pain and tenderness. swelling and redness around the wound. increasing heat伤口发热发烫 in the wound and surrounding tissues. pus seeping out 脓渗出, 流脓 of the wound. While many infected wounds can heal without treatment (the body's immune system may be able to fight the infection), usually by the time the person starts to feel unwell and have a fever, antibiotics would be advisable. See your doctor or health worker for advice. 3. Cuts割伤: Because cuts go through deeper tissues, larger blood vessels can be damaged, causing a lot more bleeding than grazes. Cuts on the head are likely to bleed a lot. To control bleeding, apply pressure to the cut area with a clean cloth. If a cloth is not available, use fingers to press onto the wound. If possible, get the person who is bleeding to apply this pressure or use a barriers such as latex [ˈleɪteks] gloves橡胶手套 (or plastic bag) to protect your hands, because of the risk of getting a blood-borne infection. Do not use a tourniquet ( [ˈtɔ:(r)nɪkeɪ] a piece of cloth that is tied very tightly around someone's leg or arm in order to stop blood from flowing out of a cut. A tourniquet is a constricting or compressing device, specifically a bandage绷带, used to control venous and arterial circulation动静脉循环 to an extremity for a period of time. Pressure is applied circumferentially upon the skin and underlying tissues of a limb; this pressure is transferred to the walls of vessels, causing them to become temporarily occluded. It is generally used as a tool for a medical professional in applications such as cannulation or to stem the flow of traumatic bleeding, especially by military medics. The tourniquet is usually applied when the patient is in a life-threatening state as a result of continuous bleeding. ) (a tight bandage which stops blood flow to an area) because a tourniquet can lead to a lot of damage to the rest of the limb. If the bleeding does not stop within a couple of minutes, or if the blood is spurting out血滚滚而出, 突突的往外冒 (which usually means a large blood vessel has been cut), seek medical treatment urgently, but go on applying pressure while waiting for help to arrive. For a cut to heal well it needs to be clean (no dirt, glass etc in it) and the two sides need to be close together. Some cuts gape ( gape [ɡeɪp] I. to look at something or someone with your mouth open because you are very surprised. II. to open wide, or to be wide open. Suddenly he was at the door, his pyjama jacket gaping open.) open if they are large or if they are on a part of the body where the skin is tight, such as the knee or the scalp. Large cuts and cuts that gape open usually heal more quickly if the edges are held together by special dressings, special glue or stitches. 4. Tetanus([ˈtet(ə)nəs] 破伤风 an illness in which your jaw and neck become stiff, caused by bacteria that enter a cut in your skin. Infection generally occurs through wound contamination and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms develop in the jaw (thus the name lockjaw) and elsewhere in the body.): Any cut, or even a small wound, such as a prick 刺伤, 针刺 from a rose thorn, can become infected with the bacteria (germs) that cause tetanus. Make sure that tetanus immunisation 破伤风针 is up to date. If the person has not had the full number of tetanus injections, or if it is longer than 5 years since the last one, extra treatment may be needed. 5. Bruises: Bruises are caused by banging against something or being hit by something (for example being hit by a ball), or being squeezed hard (for example when a finger is caught in a car door). The skin, fat layer and muscles are damaged. The most obvious damage is bleeding under the skin from many small broken blood vessels, which first causes swelling at the site of the bruise, then a change in colour. Pain is caused by direct damage to nerve endings, and also by the effects of the contents of damaged cells leaking into the tissue around them. The blood which leaks out of blood vessels needs to be broken down into molecules (small particles) which can be carried away 运走 from the site of the injury and got rid of through the kidneys. The colour changes (red, blue, then yellow-green) occur as the haemoglobin molecules (from the red blood cells) are broken down and carried away. What to do for bruising： As soon as the injury occurs, try to stop further bleeding and swelling by following the steps known as R.I.C.E. R - Rest the injured part. I - Ice or cold pack on the bruise. Make sure that ice does not go directly onto skin by placing a damp cloth around the ice. C - Compression bandaging - wrap a bandage firmly round the area. If the bandage causes any pain it is too tight. E - Elevate the injured part.
Vic teen improves after one-punch attack: The Melbourne teen bashed at a party on Saturday night has had his condition downgraded from critical to serious. Jaiden, 15, remains in intensive care, suffering bleeding on his brain脑出血. Police have released few details in the hunt for his attacker. They found about 100 party-goers and other teenagers spilling on to 涌入 the nearby streets and witnesses told police the Carrum Downs boy had been knocked to the ground and struck his head on the footpath after being punched. Jaiden was treated by paramedics at the scene and was then collected by his mother, Karyn. On the way home, he began having seizures and Karyn rushed him to the Angliss Hospital. He was later transferred to the Royal Children's Hospital where he was placed into an induced coma. Yesterday, his mother said he was destined to become a professional soccer player. The 15-year-old was due to 本来要 fly to Italy in September to trial for a place in the Italian Soccer Management Schools program, which offers advanced training from professional coaching staff to promising young players from across the world. He had also been pursuing local options through his school. His mother said Jaiden had been excited about the upcoming trial and had dreamt of playing professionally. "He absolutely had not only the ability but the desire," his mother said. Jaiden had been attending a social gathering organised by a schoolmate – not a 16th birthday party as initially reported - when the attack occurred. "The group that have had these sorts of functions before… things have never go to the point that it has got to," Karyn said. "Be honest, please. You might not realise that the outcome of your action is what it is会是现在这样 ... but you need to know and young people need to know this is not on," his mother said. Police broke up several fights分开打架, 拉开打架 after arriving at the scene of the bashing but said the crowd returned and continued fighting. "It was a case of the offender running past and stopping the victim and continuing running. There was no altercation口角, nothing said," he told reporters. The party's Facebook page claims 623 attended, with the original organiser setting out "there will be rules", including: "no fighting, no weapons allowed, trouble makers will be kicked out, plz respect the venue" as well as warning partygoers that strict security would be in force on the venue's door. Experienced event organiser Daniel Tusia, of Applause Entertainment, said the party sounded like a "recipe for disaster". He said it was vital to provide adequate security, structure and parental supervision when dealing with teenage parties. "It's important when you're dealing with kids' parties – and they are kids, they're not adults just yet – to provide that level of structure," the party planner said. Mr Tusia, who has organised and run parties ranging from corporate functions through to teenaged birthday parties, said an "increasing" number of teenagers were seeking to organise their parties – sometimes without parental knowledge or approval未经同意. A string of similar incidents involving huge numbers of gatecrashers turning up at parties advertised via social media has prompted many police officers to discourage people from promoting events. The NSW Police Force-run Mynite.com.au urges parents to organise professional security at the door or at least have responsible friends on hand to refuse entry to gatecrashers. The incident comes just days after the Victorian government announced it would introduce mandatory 10-year jail terms for perpetrators of one-punch attacks which result in a death. Around 30 police attempted to break up the party at the request of organisers, but teens continued to mill around ( mill around = mill about British to move about in large numbers in a confused way with no particular purpose. a crowd of students milling around the library steps. ) the Bayswater hall for several hours after the initial police call. In a recording of the unrest from Saturday night, played on Fairfax Radio, a police officer is heard telling the crowd: "what do you want us to do? Walk through all that so that we get hit, no". Victoria Police Knox Superintendent Graeme Arthur said this response from police was not in line with procedure and will be investigated. "I don't believe this is an appropriate response," he told the radio station on Tuesday. Supt Arthur said parties at public halls were inherently risky本来就很危险.
Reclining airline seat can bring retaliation: My husband and I were on a flight from Barcelona to Toronto this summer. The flight attendant was giving out 分发, 发放 meals just as the person in front of me started to recline 放倒 his seat back. I imagined the food travelling at high speed into my lap, making a mess of my white pants. Luckily, the flight attendant barked at ( bark [out] 咆哮, 怒吼 I. [intransitive/transitive] to say or shout something in a loud angry voice. He started barking orders at me. II. to make the short loud sound that a dog makes. barking up the wrong tree 看错了人 informal doing something that will not get the result you want. If you think she's going to help you, you're barking up the wrong tree. someone's bark is worse than their bite 叫得欢的狗不咬人, 貌似无礼其实很好的人 informal used for saying that someone is not as unpleasant or rude as they seem to be when they talk to you. ) the passenger to keep his seat upright竖直 until mealtime was over吃完了饭, 饭吃完了. Some travelers lash out 勃然大怒 after finding their space restricted on long flights. Leg room is getting tighter and tighter, which can be a strain for ( strain I. [countable/uncountable] pressure caused by a difficult situation. a strain on something: This war will put a great strain on the economy. the strain of something: I can't take the strain of another move. a. mental pressure or worry. under strain: Eleanor was feeling overworked and under strain. b. physical effort or pressure. under strain: All that lifting is putting his back under severe strain. II. [countable/uncountable] an injury caused by twisting or stretching a muscle too much. a thigh strain. III. [countable] a particular type of animal, insect, or plant. strain of: a strain of human flu virus. IV. [countable] a particular aspect of someone's character or feelings. strain of: There's a strain of meanness that runs in their family. V. strains [plural] literary the sound of some music. ) people who are taller than average. At the time, I didn't know about a $22 device called the Knee Defender, which protects you against reclining airplane seatbacks靠背. You clip it onto the seat in front and suddenly its occupant is paralyzed. An argument about the Knee Defender hit the news this week, when a man on a flight from Newark to Denver used it to stop the woman in front of him from reclining while he was using his laptop. "Reclining seats have been a point of spirited dispute for ages, resulting in similar rumbles in the aisles," says the Consumerist about the latest incident of flight rage. "There's even been discussion about whether the whole reclining thing should be done away with( do away with sth 取消掉, 去掉, 砍掉 to get rid of something or stop using something: These ridiculous rules and regulations should have been done away with years ago. Computerization has enabled us to do away with a lot of paperwork. How on earth could they do away with a beautiful old building like that and put a car park there instead? ), especially since some airlines have cut the amount of recline available." Is selfish behaviour on the rise, resulting in unscheduled stops that inconvenience other passengers? Is a "me first" 以我为主, 自私自利 attitude gaining traction in the air? There are lots of things that make you cranky when flying – lack of sleep, hunger, inability to stretch out, crying babies, worries about delays and loss of precious vacation time. Another cause of short tempers is the relentless nickel-and-dime tactics of major airlines. They advertise a low fare to reel you in( reel in to bring a fish towards you by turning the reel of a fishing rod. reel I. to feel very shocked, upset, or confused. reel from: The banks were reeling from the unexpectedly large losses. reel at: Local people are still reeling at the news of his death. II. to move backwards quickly. He reeled under the force of the punch.) and then assault you with extra charges for amenities. Some people use aggressive tactics to assert themselves( assert I. to state firmly that something is true. He has continued to assert his innocence. assert (that): The governor asserted that no more money would be available. a. to speak or behave in a firm, confident way. She always manages to assert her point of view. assert yourself 说出自己的主张. 直抒胸臆. 说出你要的东西. 表现自己. (=to state your opinion firmly and confidently): Don't be so shy – you need to learn to assert yourself. II. to claim that you have the right to do something or behave in a particular way. This system discourages people from asserting their rights in court. He quickly asserted his authority as a leader. It's hard for shy people to assert themselves in a group. III. if a fact, idea, or tendency asserts itself, it begins to influence someone or something. After a while her old bad habits began to assert themselves. ). Besides the Knee Defender, there's also a $40 Create-A-Space gadget that sets up on armrests to make a portable seat partition and insulate you from noisy neighbours. Instead of blaming the oversize passengers who thoughtlessly 不体谅别人的 recline their seats or the travelers who disable a seat, Elliott blames the airlines that deprive customers of a humane amount of room. "Imagine if suddenly all the seats had a little more space, the lines were a little shorter, the fees a little less onerous. Would we see all this display of raw emotion( raw emotion mean how you respond to the question how are you feeling about the question at that time or how the response is given back to the question. it can also mean your reaction to say a movie like crying sad or mad. it is different for every one as every one has a different result. its about you or someones emotional feeling and how you respond to it.)? Unlikely," he says in a recent article about the rise of unruly flyers( unruly very difficult to control. unruly children. She spent hours trying to tame her unruly hair.). Airlines have perpetuated ( perpetuate [pə(r)ˈpetʃueɪt] to make something such as a situation or process continue, especially one that is wrong, unfair, or dangerous. Current policy only serves to perpetuate the old class divisions. ) a class system, rewarding a select few少数几个 passengers who can pay for extras while chiseling away 蚕食 at those who have to stretch their dollars to afford a trip. Fees for seat selection are another irritant让人火大的东西. Suppose you need an aisle seat because a medical condition requires frequent trips to the washroom. You don't want to pay $30 to select a seat in advance. But if you wait until 24 hours before the flight to select a seat at no charge, you may find yourself stuck in a middle seat, forced to disturb your fellow passengers every time you take a bathroom break. "The airlines have declared war against the disabled and against families," Elliott says about the need to pay fees to ensure you have adequate seats. In future, I'll wear my most casual and cheap outfits, knowing I'll be a rumpled 皱褶, 皱的乱糟糟的 mess by the time I disembark from a long flight.
