用法学习: 1. have it on good authority to believe that a piece of information is true because you trust the person who told you (often + that ) I have it on good authority that可靠消息, 确切消息 we're about to be given a pay increase. have it on the highest authority formal to have been told something by someone who knows the truth: I have it on the highest authority that they are getting a divorce. have it coming to deserve something We worked so hard to make the business succeed that I think we have it coming. Usage notes: often said about someone who deserves something bad: The jury felt the guy had it coming, so they didn't convict her of attacking him. let someone have it I. (idiomatic) To attack someone with great force. At dawn we really let 'em have it with a 30 minute artillery barrage. II. (idiomatic) 辱骂. 承受辱骂. To verbally assail someone. When I came home, he let me have it for wrecking the car. 2. Apple Third Party Keyboard: What does Full Access do, exactly? In the simplest terms, it enables the keyboard to communicate with its host app. There is nothing wrong with this in and of itself(in and of itself 自己本身没有问题 without considering anything else. Any step we can take to end the conflict and save lives is important in and of itself. Usage notes: sometimes used in the form in and of themselves: Lower interest rates in and of themselves don't mean much for stock prices. ). For example, for TextExpander to expand a text snippet, it needs to be able to look the snippet up in its database. But on the flip side, that means that a keyboard can do anything an app can do, include transmit information, like keystrokes, over the Internet. In theory, if a third-party keyboard were to do unscrupulous 没良心, 昧良心的事 things with your keystrokes, Apple wouldn't allow it in the App Store to begin with, and if it somehow slipped through, Apple would boot it from the App Store. But the information would have to leak out somehow for Apple to even know it should act. 3. pose I. [transitive] to present a difficult or dangerous situation. pose a problem/difficulty/risk/threat: We are being told that the accident poses no threat to the environment. pose a challenge: They had been expected to pose a serious challenge to the main parties. pose a question formal to ask a question. The teacher posed a question to one of her class. II. [intransitive] art to sit or stand somewhere so that someone can take a photograph of you or paint a picture of you. 作为名词:the position you keep your body in when someone is taking your photograph or painting your picture. a photograph showing the president in a natural relaxed pose. pose for: The leaders posed briefly for photographs before returning to the conference hall. III. [intransitive] to dress or behave in a particular way to make people notice you, admire you, or be impressed by you. It's the sort of place where people go to pose in their designer labels. 作为名词: behaviour that is not natural or sincere and is intended to impress or trick people. You get the feeling that his apparently strong religious faith is just a pose面具, 惺惺作态, 全是假的, 全是装出来的. pose as someone/something 假装成, 装作 to pretend to be a particular person or type of person in order to trick people. Police officers posing as customers were sold some of the stolen items. strike a pose/an attitude 摆姿势 to put your body into a particular position in order to create a particular effect. He threw out his arms and struck a final, triumphant pose. 4. strike someone as something 看起来像 [never progressive] to make someone have a particular opinion or feeling. 'You don't strike me as a religious man,' I said frankly. strike someone as being something 给人印象: He didn't strike me as being the jealous sort. it strikes someone as funny/odd/strange (that)感觉很奇怪: It struck me as a little bit odd that she was always alone. strike it rich/lucky informal to suddenly become rich/lucky. After years as a struggling businessman he struck it lucky. strike the/your eye 抢眼, 显眼, 惹人注目 to be noticed. The picture immediately strikes the eye as you enter the room. strike gold to suddenly become very rich or successful as a result of finding or doing something. He seems to have struck gold with his first film. strike fear/terror/a chill into someone/someone's heart 深植人心 to produce feelings of fear in someone. a subject guaranteed to strike fear in the hearts of parents. He was capable of striking terror into the enemy. Her words struck a chill into me. strike the first blow to make the first successful attack. In any argument she usually struck the first blow. be struck by/with something 被打到, 被惊到 if you are struck by/with something, it seems unusual, interesting, or impressive to you. The first time I saw her I was struck by her beauty. strike a balance (between something and something) to accept neither of two extreme positions or things but find a solution that is reasonable and fair. A balance must be struck between meeting housing needs and preserving the environment. 5. The noble gases(稀有气体, 惰性气体) make a group of chemical elements with similar properties: under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless无色无味, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six noble gases that occur naturally are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). 6. In classical mechanics经典力学, the shell theorem gives gravitational simplifications that can be applied to objects inside or outside a spherically symmetrical body. This theorem has particular application to astronomy. Isaac Newton proved the shell theorem and said that: A spherically ([ˈsferɪk(ə)l] round like a ball. ) symmetric 圆形对称 body affects external objects gravitationally as though all of its mass were concentrated at a point at its centre. If the body is a spherically symmetric shell (i.e., a hollow ball), no net gravitational force is exerted by the shell on any object inside, regardless of the object's location within the shell. A corollary (corollary [kəˈroləri] 推论 something that will also be true if a particular idea or statement is true, or something that will also exist if a particular situation exists.) is that inside a solid sphere of constant density the gravitational force varies linearly with distance from the centre, becoming zero by symmetry at the centre of mass. bring (one) out of one's shell and get one out of one's shell, come out of one's shell; bring one out; get one out Fig. to make a person become more open and friendly. (Alludes to a shy turtle being coaxed to put its head out of its shell.) We tried to bring Greg out of his shell, but he is very shy. He's quiet, and it's hard to get him out of his shell. crawl/go/retreat/retire into your shell 封闭自己, 抽回去, 缩回去 to become less interested in other people and less willing to talk and take part in social activities: The more they tried to get her to talk about her experiences, the further she retreated back into her shell. outside shell 外壳, 身体躯壳 You are only interested in his outside shell, aren't you. 7. Gibbons ([ˈɡɪbənz]) 长臂猿 are apes in the family Hylobatidae [ˌhaɪlɵˈbeɪtɨdi:]. The family historically contained one genus, but now is split into four genera( [ˈdʒenərə] genus 属 ]ˈdʒi:nəs][ˈdʒenəs] a group that includes all living things that have similar features. It usually has a Latin name. ). Gibbons occur 出现在 in tropical and subtropical rainforests from northeast India to Indonesia and north to southern China, including the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. Also called the lesser apes, gibbons differ from great apes 大型猿类 (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, bonobos and humans) in being smaller, exhibiting low sexual dimorphism( Sexual dimorphism 两性异性, 性别异化 is a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species, meaning that there are obvious differences between the male and female of the species. The main differences are the presence and/or absence of reproductive organs. However, more obvious differences are often secondary sex characteristics, such as size differences in males and females, ornamentation and behavior.), in not making nests, and in certain anatomical details in which they superficially more closely resemble monkeys than great apes do. But like all apes, gibbons evolved to become tailless无尾巴的. Gibbons also display pair-bonding成双成对的, 结伙搭伴的(In biology, a pair bond is the strong affinity that develops in some species between a pair consisting of a male and female, or in some cases as a same-sex pairing, potentially leading to producing offspring and/or a lifelong bond.), unlike most of the great apes. 8. Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis is a condition in which the outer part of the elbow becomes sore and tender. Tennis elbow is an acute or chronic inflammation 发炎, 炎症 of the tendons that join the forearm muscles on the outside of the elbow (lateral epicondyle). The forearm muscles and tendons become damaged from overuse — repeating the same motions again and again. This leads to inflammation, pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow. Any activity, including playing tennis, which involves the repetitive use of the extensor muscles of the forearm can cause acute or chronic tendonitis of the tendinous insertion of these muscles at the lateral epicondyle of the elbow. The condition is common in carpenters and other laborers who swing a hammer or other tool with the forearm.
Modbus Limitations: Since Modbus was designed in the late 1970s to communicate to programmable logic controllers, the number of data types is limited to those understood by PLCs at the time. Large binary objects are not supported. No standard way exists for a node to find the description of a data object, for example, to determine if a register value represents a temperature between 30 and 175 degrees. Since Modbus is a master/slave protocol, there is no way for a field device to "report by exception变化则汇报"( I am from the Elec SCADA industry where data is sent to the SCADA Master in a report by exception basis (e.g. the data has changed X%). I am now in Water working with PLCs where all the data is sent back to the Master software every communication scan collects every point. Management by Exception is a style of business management that focuses on identifying and handling cases that deviate ([ˈdiːvieɪt] 脱离, 偏离) from the norm脱离常规, recommended as best practice by PRINCE2. Management by exception has both a general business application and a business intelligence application. General business exceptions are cases that deviate from the normal behavior in a business process and need to be cared for in a unique manner, typically by human intervention人工干预. Their cause might include: process deviation, infrastructure or connectivity issues, external deviation, poor quality business rules, malformed data, etc. Management by exception here is the practice of investigating, resolving and handling such occurrences by using skilled staff and software tools. Good management can contribute to efficiency of business processes. Often in these cases the process will be called exception management, as exceptional cases are not the sole focus of the managerial policy, and exception management (as opposed to management by exception) denotes a more moderate application of the process.) (except over Ethernet TCP/IP, called open-mbus)- the master node must routinely poll each field device, and look for changes in the data. This consumes bandwidth 占用带宽, 消耗带宽 and network time in applications where bandwidth may be expensive, such as over a low-bit-rate radio link. Modbus is restricted to addressing 247 devices on one data link, which limits the number of field devices that may be connected to a master station (once again Ethernet TCP/IP proving the exception). Modbus transmissions must be contiguous ( contiguous [kənˈtɪɡjuəs] 按顺序的, 一个接一个的, 一个一个的 next to each other, or joining each other.) which limits the types of remote communications devices to those that can buffer data to avoid gaps in the transmission. Modbus protocol itself provides no security against unauthorized commands or interception of data. 可编程设备: An electronic device or embedded system is said to be field-programmable 可现场编程的 or in-place programmable 现场可编程的, 现场可升级的 if its firmware (stored in non-volatile memory, such as ROM) can be modified "in the field," without disassembling the device or returning it to its manufacturer. This is often an extremely desirable feature, as it can reduce the cost and turnaround time for replacement of buggy or obsolete firmware. For example, a digital camera vendor could distribute firmware supporting a new image file format by instructing consumers to download a new firmware image to the camera via a USB cable. When a device's firmware is stored in mask ROM or one-time programmable PROM, it cannot be modified without physically replacing the integrated circuit, so such a device cannot be field-programmable in the modern sense. EPROM-based firmware can be erased and reprogrammed, but only after lengthy exposure to a high-intensity ultraviolet light source. Thus, field-programmable devices were not practical until the invention of EEPROM and flash memory in the 1980s. Early EEPROMs could only be reprogrammed with expensive, dedicated 专用的 programmer hardware, since they required high voltages (10-20 V, compared to typical 3-5 V logic levels) and there was no standard programming protocol; as a result, field-programming was mostly performed by professional technicians and service engineers. However, as of the early 2000s, many devices were expressly designed to ( expressly I. formal in a way that is clear and definite. The students were expressly forbidden to use the Internet for their research on this occasion. II. 专门的, 特别的. for a particular purpose. She came expressly to see you. express adj. I. formal 明确的. very clear, so that there can be no mistake about what is intended. Against the woman's express wishes, the media publicized her story. express permission/consent: You must not leave this house without my express permission. a. deliberate. You came here with the express purpose专门目的 of causing trouble. II. an express train, bus etc makes a particular journey more quickly than ordinary trains, buses etc. a. an express service delivers letters or parcels more quickly than the ordinary service. a parcel sent by express post. an express delivery. ) be field-programmed by ordinary consumers. Standard protocols for programming non-volatile memory devices have emerged. For example, JTAG may be used to read and program the EEPROM and Flash chips in many consumer electronics devices. Many such devices include JTAG headers internally for factory programming and quality control, even though no external connector is exposed in the finished product完成品. Many consumer electronic devices contain field-programmable components which can be located and accessed by knowledgeable hardware hackers. Field-programming allows hobbyists 爱好者 to replace a device's firmware with new code that can modify or extend its capabilities. Numerous online communities have sprung up 雨后春笋般冒出来 around devices found to be particularly conducive to such modification. While hobbyist field-programming is theoretically possible in practically any embedded system today, in practice efforts to modify consumer devices are often hampered by lack of documentation for the hardware.
