用法学习: 1. AFL搞笑一幕: Willie Mason says he found his genitals being unceremoniously ( done suddenly and with no attempt to be polite. ) grabbed on the field by his former teammate yesterday hilarious – and he isn't the only one. The bizarre on-field grab by Newcastle forward Korbin Sim had TODAY host Karl Stefanovic in hysterics this morning as producers replayed the penis pinch on a loop as commentators struggled to explain the behaviour. Mason said he didn't flinch ( to make a sudden small movement because you are afraid, surprised, or in pain. Pamela flinched each time he yelled at her. ) when Sims grabbed at his pants because it was simply a "good re-acquaintance" between old mates during the second half of Manly's 30-10 win over Newcastle at Brookvale Oval. But Eddie McGuire had another suggestion for what sparked it – the TV presenter's proposal that Sims was following coach's orders 按照教练的指令 to "grab Willie" almost brought Stefanovic undone笑得不行了. The TODAY host had to cover his face as he laughed uncontrollably. "I hope he doesn't [get charged for the incident] because me and Korbin are really good mates and I think it was unlucky because of the timing of it all. "I knew what he was doing. I was talking to him as he was doing it. "I didn't even flinch." "It was quite funny to me. He's just a good young kid and I would hope that nothing is done because of it," Mason said. 2. Defrocked (defrock to remove a priest from their job because they have done something wrong. to formally remove the rights and authority of a member of the clergy. The defrocked priest may no longer perform rites. frock n. a long loose piece of clothing with sleeves that some priests and monks wear.) priest David Rapson has been sentenced to 12 and a half years in prison for the rape and indecent assault of six boys in Victoria during the 1970s, 80s and 90s. 车祸: Another dark coloured vehicle heading south down Wallace Street, clips 斜刺里冲过来 the 4WD around the right rear tyre, sending it skidding onto two wheels and tipping onto its roof 翻车. The 4WD comes to a halt dozens of metres away on the other side of the four-way intersection. The driver of the 4WD was trapped for some time until rescue crews managed to free her from the wreck; she was hospitalized with significant injuries. The other driver, also female, was taken to hospital as a precaution. 3. CEO puts balls蛋蛋 on the line to test product: The CEO of a US company that makes protective athletic equipment has tested his own product in perhaps the most extreme way possible – by facing fire from an assault rifle. His assistant then reefs ( reef 礁石. a long line of rock or coral in the sea, with its top just below or just above the surface. ) what is presumably a live round into the breech and fires a near-perfect 近乎完美的 shot that would have obliterated ([əˈblɪtəreɪt] I. 铲平. to destroy something completely. The bombing raid has obliterated whole villages. II. 消去. 消除掉. to get rid of a memory, thought, or feeling from your mind. He tried to obliterate all thoughts of Mary from his mind. III. to cover something completely so that you cannot see it. The park had been obliterated beneath a layer of snow. ) Mr Raber's chances of being a father – assuming there is a woman out there prepared to procreate 繁殖. 繁育. ( to produce babies or young animals. ) with someone so clearly undeserving of his place in the gene pool( undeserved 配不上的, 不配的 if something is undeserved, you get it although you should not, because you have not done anything to deserve or to cause it. He has an undeserved reputation for being difficult to work with. an undeserved victory. ). When the bullet strikes the cup, the ballsy 有种的 CEO doesn't even appear to flinch 眼皮子都没有眨一下, 纹丝不动, while the man who fired the shot breathes an almighty sigh of relief. "Our team especially our CEO is very dedicated to safety and quality of our product especially since most of our cups are primarily used in the law enforcement arena," a message posted on Facebook read. "But we definitely do reiterate 重申 once again, please do not ever try this at home. It was definitely set up and monitored by professionals." 4. AI宣告最后一季: Simon Cowell, the Brit with a tart tongue( tart n. I. a pie that has no top and is filled with vegetables, fruit etc. a lemon/onion tart. II. offensive an offensive word for a woman who dresses or behaves as if she wants to attract men and have sex. a. informal an offensive word for a woman who is a prostitute (=someone who has sex with people for money). adj. I. tart food or drinks have a slightly sour taste. II. a tart reply or remark is slightly cruel. tart up British informal I. 掩饰缺点. 掩饰丑陋. to decorate something in order to improve the way that it looks, especially in a way that other people think is ugly. a. to try to hide the fact that something is bad by showing or describing it in a positive way. II. if a woman tarts herself up打扮的花枝招展的, she tries to make herself look more attractive, for example by wearing nice clothes. This expression is often used for showing that you think a woman has made herself look less attractive.) and honest assessments, became a star as judge, along with his fellow originals, Paula Abdul and Randy Jackson. The big-voiced 大嗓门的 Clarkson became a major pop star after winning 'Idol,' and Underwood is a solid performer on the country charts. Personalities like Adam Lambert and Clay Aiken also became household names家喻户晓 after competing on 'Idol.' Much like its winners, Idol's judges over the years have become both huge successes and forgettable flops过眼云烟. Simon Cowell became a major stateside force after originally helping bring the music competition to the U.S. Helping Cowell at the start was former pop staple and choreographer to the stars Paula Abdul, whose career saw a brief re-awakening短暂的复苏, 重振, 唤醒, 唤起回忆(to make someone have a particular feeling again or remember something they have not thought about for a long time. The latest incident is bound to reawaken old hostilities.) thanks to her bizarre antics 古怪行径, 古怪行为 on Idol. The media mogul and daytime talk empress(Ellen DeGenernes) appeared as Paula Abdul's replacement in 2010. Upon her departure after a single season, Degeneres said the show 'didn't feel like the right fit.'. Since American Idol, Seacrest has become a huge international star, acting as a TV pitchman and producer and earning huge amounts of popularity and success. He even joined the rarefied strata ( rarefied [ˈreərɪfaɪd] I. intended for a small group of people who are very intelligent, rich, powerful etc. This word often shows that you think people like this believe they are better than ordinary people. a glimpse into the rarefied world of the super-rich. II. rarefied air does not contain much oxygen. ) of TV personalities to have their own catchphrase, thanks to his famous and universally beloved sign-off "Seacrest out.". 5. be with someone I. Agree with or support someone:we're all with you on this one. II. OFTEN WITH NEGATIVE informal Understand what someone is saying: I'm not with you. She's got a good eye 有眼力, 有眼光, 有品位(to have a taste or an inclination for someone or something. to be good at noticing a particular type of thing She has an eye for detail. He had an eye for the unusual and the exotic which made him a very good shopping companion. Bob has an eye for beauty. He has an eye for color. have eyes for. have eyes only for. Be attracted to or desire someone or something (exclusively). For example, It's obvious she has eyes for him, or He has eyes only for the top award. have an ear for something Fig. to have the ability to learn music or languages. Bill doesn't have an ear for music. He can't carry a tune. Mary has a good ear for languages. if someone has an ear for music, poetry, or languages, they are good at hearing, repeating, or understanding these sounds (often negative) She's never had much of an ear for languages. ). pick apart (pick holes in, pick to pieces. ) v. I. 撕个粉碎. 支离破碎. 批的体无完肤. To pull something or someone to pieces: The vultures picked apart the deer carcass. The children picked the bread apart, trying to remove all the raisins. II. 找漏洞(loophole). 找破绽. 找缺点. To find flaws in something or someone by close examination. to find mistakes, weaknesses, or faults in someone or something When new software is developed, the company sends out a test version and asks users to pick it apart. Lots of players are picked apart by their coaches, by the fans, and by the media. The lawyer picked apart the witness's testimony. The candidate picked her opponent's speech apart. He found it easy to pick holes 找漏洞, 找破绽 in their argument, or The new editor picked her manuscript to pieces. 6. 卡戴珊节目报道: Scott is furious that there are reports claiming he's having an affair with his 19-year-old sister-in-law and he is breaking his silence for the first time. Scott Disick is shocked that he's splashed across the covers of magazines with allegations that he's having a torrid affair ( torrid I. full of strong emotions, especially sexual emotions. a torrid relationship/affair. II. mainly literary torrid weather is very hot and dry. have a torrid time to experience a very difficult period of time. ) with Kendall Jenner. During the May 10 episode of KUWTK, Scott seems really upset with the rumors and he says they are totally not true. There have been allegations for a while that Scott has been hooking up for Kendall and he is finally talking about it. During a conversation with Kim Kardashian during the beginning of the episode he shows her a magazine cover on his phone and he laughs in disbelief that this is even a story going around. He also points out that the unnamed magazine claims he and Kendall were caught leaving somewhere at night but he says it was actually during the day and the pic was photoshopped! Kylie Jenner keeps being questioned about her lips and Khloe Kardashian actually spills the beans. "Kylie decided to plump her lips 丰唇. 隆嘴唇( plump adj. I. slightly fat, in a pleasant way. This word is often used to avoid saying fat, which is not considered polite. a kind plump woman. plump fingers. II. large and round in an attractive way. plump strawberries. a plump pillow. plump for someone/something to suddenly choose someone or something after being unable to decide what to do. plump out to become fatter. plump I. [transitive] to hit something such as a pillow or cushion gently in order to make it return to its full shape. If you plump a pillow or cushion, you shake it and hit it gently so that it goes back into a rounded shape. 使 (枕头、靠垫等) 蓬松. She patted all the seats and plumped all the cushions. She went round the room plumping up the cushions. II. [transitive] to put something carelessly but gently down on a surface. Sally plumped the box on the table and left. a. [intransitive] to sit or lie down carelessly but gently on something. fluffy
adj. 柔软的, 软软的. If you describe something such as a towel or a toy
animal as fluffy, you mean that it is very soft. covered with very soft
hair or feathers. a fluffy sweater. fluffy kittens. fluffy white towels.
II. A cake or other food that is fluffy is very light because it has a
lot of air in it. (蛋糕或其它食品) 松软的. 蓬松的. food that is fluffy is soft and light
because it contains a lot of air. a fluffy cake. Cream together the margarine and sugar with a wooden spoon until light and fluffy.), and I don't think there's anything wrong with that," Khloe says. "I think if you've done something tho, it is right to cop up to it( it's a fair cop used for admitting that you have done something wrong. not much cop not very good or useful. The film wasn't much cop. play good cop/bad cop if two people play good cop/bad cop with someone, one is friendly while the other behaves in a threatening way in order to make the person trust the 'good cop' and tell them the information they want to know. cop it to be punished. If anyone finds out, you'll cop it. cop 遭受 to get or receive something, especially something unpleasant. Latif later copped a £115 fine.). If you avoid a question, you're gonna look like a liar." But even though in the 2015 issue of Cosmopolitan, Kylie denied having her lips done by saying, "You guys have watched me grow up since I was 9. My face is going to get different. Now, I know how to do my makeup, contour ( I. 轮廓. [often plural] the shape of the outside edge of something. The sculpture reproduces the smooth contours of the human body. II. contour or contour line 登高线 a line on a map joining points that are the same height above or below sea level. The lines are used for showing hills, mountains, and valleys. ) and everything. I'm not against surgery. I'd never say no, but I don't desire it right now." Well she actually ended up admitting she had gotten some fillers 填充物 during the episode and it wasn't a surprise because it had been so obvious all along. But her sisters were right that she was starting to look like a liar for not admitting it out right. 关于Kylie Jenner丰唇传闻: Can you really get Kylie Jenner's lips with just make-up? Female tests out her 'overlining' ( To draw a line over or above text. ) trick in quest for the perfect pout嘟嘴. There's not much I can say I have in common with Kylie Jenner, but one thing we do share is a somewhat thin upper lip 薄嘴唇 - or at least, we used to. Recently, however, Kylie's appearance has changed, and while thousands have accused the 17-year-old Keeping Up with the Kardashians star of getting lip injections to transform her pillowy pout([paut]), Kylie insists it is all thanks to the clever use of make-up to 'overline' the outline of her mouth. But can it really be possible to look so drastically different with just a simple lipliner trick? FEMAIL enlisted the help of make-up artist and esthetician Leyda to put it to the test. 7. 乘车卡不扫描: A GOLD Coast bus company has launched an internal investigation into how a schoolgirl was left behind at a bus stop when her Go Card failed to scan. Lucinda Bleakley, 12, said she was denied entry to the bus by the driver on Friday when the card, which she said had $10 credit, would not scan. A spokeswoman for Queensland's Transport Minister Jackie Trad said the incident was alarming and a direct contravention ( [ˌkontrəˈvenʃ(ə)n] the action of doing something that is not allowed by a rule, law, or agreement. a. [countable] something that is not allowed by a rule, law, or agreement. in contravention of something in a way that is not allowed by a rule, law, or agreement They have acted in contravention of the terms of the treaty. ) of the No Child Left Behind policy introduced following the abduction and murder of Sunshine Coast schoolboy Daniel Morcombe in 2003. 8. inebriated [ɪˈni:brieɪtɪd] 醉醺醺的 drunk 新闻标题： Violence? 'I f**king love it', Singo's foul-mouthed inebriated rant after lunch fight. incessant [ɪnˈses(ə)nt] 死不悔改的, 死性不改的continuing for a long time without stopping in a way that is annoying. incessant crying. the incessant flow of traffic across the bridge. 新闻标题: Abbott not sorry for incessant use of 'death cult' to describe Islamic State. 烟草继承人变相广告: The ostentatious ( 炫富的. [ˌostenˈteɪʃəs] I. intended to impress people or attract their admiration, in a way that you think is extreme and unnecessary. an ostentatious display of wealth. II. always trying to impress people with how rich, important, skilful etc you are. Although extremely wealthy, Simon and his family were never ostentatious.) riverfront 河边的 compound is located in an exclusive area near the Gold Coast in Queensland, where Mr Beynon regularly holds over-the-top parties attended by scores of scantily-clad women - or 'Candy Shop goddesses'. Mr Beynon is the bearded heir to the Freechoice Tobacco fortune, and built a lavish re-imagining ( 重新解读. 全新解读. To imagine or conceive something in a new way. The classic TV series is completely reimagined in the new version. ) of Hefner's famed party-house in an effort to increase tobacco sales. 'The use of social media to advertise smoking and the sale of tobacco products is against the law, and undermines the strong tobacco control measures that have been introduced in Queensland to protect the community from the harmful effects of smoking,' Cancer Council Queensland spokeswoman Katie Clift said. 9. A quick-thinking 脑子反应快的, 脑子灵光的 teenage girl who was brazenly ( brazen I. 厚颜无耻的. behaving in a way that is not moral or socially acceptable, and not caring if other people are shocked or offended. bold and without shame. "He went about his illegal business with a brazen assurance". a. used about someone's behaviour that is not moral or socially acceptable. a brazen lie. II. literary made of brass. v. endure an embarrassing or difficult situation by behaving with apparent confidence and lack of shame. "we were shaking in our boots, but we brazened it out". brazen it out 厚着脸皮忍下来, 厚脸皮忍着 to deal with a difficult or embarrassing situation by pretending that you do not care if people are shocked or offended by your behaviour, especially when you are in fact embarrassed. Jane decided to admit everything and brazen it out. ) harassed by a man as she walked to school has helped police track down the alleged offender. The 14-year-old memorised 熟记, 记下, 记住 the car registration plate of the man who was leering ( leer 色迷迷的看着 to look at someone in an unpleasant way that shows you are sexually interested in them. To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent. ) and calling out to her as she walked to her school in Sydney's inner western suburb of Marrickville on Monday.
炫耀性消费, 攀比性消费, 购物狂: 1. keep up I. [transitive] to continue to do something. We're
on a winning streak – hopefully we can keep it up. Keep up the good
work. The unions continued to keep up pressure for higher wages. a. 继续假装. to continue to pretend that something is true. She tried to appear cheerful but couldn't keep it up. His family kept up the pretense that he had been sick. II. [intransitive] to move at the same speed as someone or something. Try to keep up跟上(跟过来, 跟我来. keep up!)! keep up with someone: He had to hurry to keep up with her. a. 跟上进度. 跟上步伐. to make progress or learn at the same speed as someone or something. To stay even or ahead. They ran so fast I could hardly keep up. By studying hard she managed to keep up. keep up with someone: We always try to keep up with our competitors.
III. [intransitive] 保持不脱节. to continue to learn about something or find
out about something, so that you know the latest things that are
happening. To ensure that one remains well-informed about something. I always try to keep up with (or "keep up on") current affairs. keep up with: We try to keep up with what's happening. IV. [intransitive]
to continue to understand what someone is saying. to be able to
understand or deal with something that is happening or changing very
fast: I read the papers to keep up with what's happening in the outside world. I told you she's my sister, not my girlfriend. Keep up! keep up with: I found myself unable to keep up with the conversation. V. [transitive] to prevent someone from going to bed. It's late. I'd better not keep you up any longer. keep your end up 做好该做的, 善尽职责 to do what other people in your group expect you to do as your share of the work or responsibility. show I. [singular] something that you do in order to make people realize what your opinions or intentions are. a show of force/strength 炫耀武力, 炫耀力量, 显示: The attack was clearly intended as a show of force. In a rare show of unity, both Catholic and Protestant leaders appeared together at yesterday's peace rally. a. [singular/uncountable] an occasion when you pretend to have particular feelings. put on/make a show of something 装样子: They made a show of affection 装的恩爱的样子 for the sake of the children. for show (=in order to give a false appearance): The kisses and warm words恩爱话, 好话 were clearly just for show. just for show 只是做做样子的, 只是做给人看的, 只是供人看得: Display or outward appearance. pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression; "they try to keep up appearances"; "that ceremony is just for show". This antique tea service is just for show. His smile was for show. put up a good/poor show to do something well/badly. They put up a poor show against the stronger team. get the show on the road to begin a particular activity. OK, the boat's ready, so let's get this show on the road. keep up appearances 装假, 装装样子, 装装门面, 维护面子, 面子上过得去, 装恩爱
to pretend that everything is good, for example with your marriage or
your financial situation, even though you are having problems. Their marriage was over, but they wanted to keep up appearances for the children's sake. bring/keep someone up to date (/with/on something) to inform someone of all the most recent news and changes in a situation. keep it up I. (idiomatic) To maintain or continue a positive streak. The new teacher was so enthusiastic, I hope she can keep it up until the end of the year. The newsletter will keep you up to date with our progress. II. (idiomatic) 屹立不倒. 金枪不倒. To maintain one's erection. Ever hear of Viagra? It's not my fault you can't keep it up anymore. 2. keep up with the Joneses [ˈdʒounzəz] 攀比性消费, 竞争性消费, 打肿脸充胖子(conspicuous consumption, peer pressure)
(idiomatic) To act or make purchases for status or image rather than
out of need, especially for the purpose of competing with friends or
neighbors. to try to be as rich, successful, etc. as your neighbors. to
try to match the lifestyle of one's neighbors. to try to own all the
same things as people you know in order to seem as good as them. I
am tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses. Let's just move if we
can't afford to live here. We never try to keep up with the Joneses. Her
only concern in life was keeping up with the Joneses. Do you really need a fancy new car or are you just trying to keep up with the Joneses? "Keeping up with the Joneses" is an idiom in many parts of the English-speaking world referring to the comparison to one's neighbor as a benchmark for social class or the accumulation of material goods. To fail to "keep up with the Joneses" is perceived as demonstrating socio-economic or cultural inferiority. The philosophy of "keeping up with the Joneses" has widespread effects on some societies. According to this philosophy, conspicuous consumption occurs when people care about their standard of living in relation to their peers. The term was re-introduced in 1976 when an article about parenting included it and has remained a commercial and cultural watchword (a word or phrase that expresses someone's attitude or intention. Quality is our watchword.) ever since. According to Roger Mason, "the demand for status goods, fueled by conspicuous consumption, has diverted many resources away from investment in the manufacture of more material实用的 goods and services in order to satisfy consumer preoccupations 痴迷 with their relative social standing and prestige". Social status社会地位 once depended on one's family name; however, the rise of consumerism in the United States gave rise to social mobility. With the increasing availability of goods, people became more inclined to define themselves by what they possessed and the subtle quest for higher status accelerated. Conspicuous consumption and materialism have been an insatiable [ɪnˈseɪʃəb(ə)l] juggernaut ever since(永不满足的. 贪得无厌的. always wanting more and never feeling satisfied. The public seems to have an insatiable appetite for celebrity gossip.). The desire to increase one's position in the social hierarchy is responsible for much of the social mobility in America. The upward mobility over the past few decades in America is due in part to the large number of women joining the labor force. U.S. women have slowly and steadily increased their participation in the labor force. Inability to "Keep up with the Joneses" might result in dissatisfaction, even for people whose status is high. 3. Compulsive buying disorder (CBD)(A shopaholic
is a person considered to be addicted to shopping. A slang term for
Compulsive Shopping also known as Compulsive buying disorder.), or oniomania, is characterized by an obsession with shopping and buying behavior that causes adverse consequences. According to Kellett and Bolton (2009, p. 83), compulsive buying "is experienced as an irresistible–uncontrollable urge, resulting in excessive, expensive and time-consuming retail activity [that is] typically prompted by negative affectivity" and results in "gross social, personal and/or financial difficulties". Most people with CBD meet the criteria for an axis II disorder. Compulsive shopping may be considered an impulse冲动 control disorder, an obsessive-compulsive disorder, a bipolar disorder, or even a clinical addiction病态上瘾, depending on the clinical source. Shopping as a mood lifter may be an adaptive behavior if no compulsion is involved; it has jokingly been called retail therapy购物狂, 购物癖. But like opioid use, it can be either a therapy or an addiction, depending on whether it is adaptive or maladaptive. The fact that shopping may provide a short time of comfort (relief from dysphoria) but also imposes costs and is subject to comedown ( I. 家道中落, 繁华落尽. 衰落. 衰败. 势衰. a situation in which you suddenly have less status or fewer advantages than you had previously. The accommodation was something of a comedown from the comparative luxury of the hotel. II. an unpleasant physical and mental feeling that someone gets when an illegal drug stops affecting them. wiki: Comedown or crashing is the deterioration in mood that happens as a psychoactive drug is cleared from the blood and thus the cerebral circulation. The improvement and deterioration of mood
(euphoria欣快 [ju:ˈfɔəriə] and dysphoria躁郁, 烦躁, 郁闷) are represented in
the cognitive schema as high and low elevations; thus, after the drug
has elevated the mood (a state known as a high), there follows a period
of coming back down. Such a comedown (down, low, crash) can happen to anyone as a transient symptom, but in people who are dependent on the drug (especially those addicted to it), it is an early symptom of withdrawal and thus can be followed by others. Various drug classes, most especially stimulants and opioids鸦片类的,
are subject to crashing. A milder analogous mood cycle can happen even
with blood sugar levels (thus sugar highs and sugar lows), which is
especially relevant to people with diabetes mellitus and to parents and
teachers dealing with children's behavior.) and withdrawal make it, like opioid use, either a therapy or an addiction, depending on whether each person uses it adaptively or maladaptively. Retail therapy thus exists on a spectrum with shopping addiction
(compulsive buying disorder). In 2001, the European Union conducted a
study finding that 33% of shoppers surveyed had "high level of addiction
to rash or unnecessary consumption". This was causing debt problems for many. The same study also found that young Scottish people had the highest susceptibility to binge purchasing. The terms compulsive shopping, compulsive buying, and compulsive spending
are often used interchangeably, but the behaviors they represent are in
fact distinct. One may buy without shopping, and certainly shop without
buying: of compulsive shoppers, some 30% described the act of buying itself as providing a buzz, irrespective of the goods purchased. Shopaholism often has roots根源 in early experience, with failed parent-child transactions leading people to turn to objects to fill the sense of void 空虚感 and empty identity. Children who experience parental neglect父母忽视 often grow up with low self-esteem because throughout much of their childhood they felt unimportant as people, and turned to substitute 替代性的 comforts, such as toys or food, in compensation for loneliness弥补, 补偿. Adults who depended on material objects for emotional support when they were much younger are more likely to become addicted to shopping because of the ongoing sentiment of deprivation they endured as children: the purchase instead of the toy or the food is substituted for affection. Perfectionism, general impulsiveness and compulsiveness, and the need to gain control have also been linked to the disorder. Compulsive buying seems to represent a search for self 寻找自我 in people whose identity is neither firmly felt nor dependable, as indicated by the way purchases often provide social or personal identity-markers. Those with associated disorders such as anxiety, depression and poor impulse control
are particularly likely to be attempting to treat symptoms of low
self-esteem through compulsive shopping. Others, however, object that
such psychological explanations for compulsive buying do not apply to
all people with CBD. A social psychological perspective suggests that
compulsive buying serves an identity-construction 自我构建 function. Compulsive buying may be seen as an exaggerated form of a more normal search for validation through purchasing.
Without a strong sense of identity, pressures from the spread of
materialist values and consumer culture over the recent decades can drive the vulnerable into compulsive shopping. Four diagnostic criteria for compulsive buying have been proposed: a. Over-preoccupation with
buying; b. distress or impairment as a result of the activity; c. the
compulsive buying is not limited to hypomanic or manic episodes. While initially triggered by a perhaps mild need to feel special and less lonely, the failure of compulsive shopping to actually meet such needs may lead to a vicious cycle of escalation恶性循环升级,
with sufferers experiencing the highs and lows associated with other
addictions. The 'high' of the purchasing may be followed by a sense of
disappointment, and of guilt, precipitating a further cycle of impulse
buying in the quest for a sense of special identity. With the now addicted person increasingly feeling negative emotions like anger and stress, they may attempt to self-medicate 自我疗伤 through further purchases(Self-medication is a human behavior
in which an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to
self-administer treatment for non-clinical physical or psychological
ailments. Self-medication is often seen as gaining personal independence from established medicine, and it can be seen as a human right, implicit in, or closely related to the right to refuse professional medical treatment.), followed again by regret or depression once they return home - leading to an urge for yet another spree. As debt grows, the compulsive shopping may become a more secretive act. At the point where bought goods are hidden or destroyed, because the person concerned feels so ashamed of their addiction, the price of the addiction in mental, financial and emotional terms becomes even higher. 4. Retail therapy 心情不好而购物, 购物以转换心情, 疗伤性购物 is shopping with the primary purpose of improving the buyer's mood or disposition. Often seen in people during periods of depression or stress, it is normally a short-lived habit. Items purchased during periods of retail therapy are sometimes referred to as "comfort buys"(Comfort food is traditional food which often provides a nostalgic 熟悉的感觉, 一见如故的感觉, 怀旧的, 让人思乡的 or sentimental feeling to the consumer, and is often characterized by a high carbohydrate level and simple preparation. The nostalgic element most comfort food has may be specific to either the individual or a specific culture.). The name retail therapy is ironic and semifacetious, acknowledging that shopping hardly qualifies as true therapy in the medical or psychotherapeutic sense. The fact that shopping may provide a short time of comfort 一时之快 (relief from dysphoria) but also imposes costs and is subject to comedown and withdrawal make it, like opioid use, either a therapy or an addiction, depending on whether each person uses it adaptively or maladaptively(adaptive I. changing in order to deal with new situations. II. [only before noun] 适应性的. 自适应的. computing
changing in response to what a user does. Capable of being adapted or
of adapting; susceptible of or undergoing accordant change. Readily
capable of adapting or of being adapted: an adaptive worker; adaptive clothing for children with special needs. the human body is remarkably adaptive有适应性的, 能适应的. The university's Open Learning Initiative offers adaptive-learning courses in 12 subjects. People with disabilities can use adaptive technologies to receive and disseminate information. disseminate [dɪˈsemɪneɪt] 发布, 分发 to make something such as information or knowledge available to a lot of people. adaptable 适应力强的 people can change their behavior or ideas easily in order to deal with new situations. We need adaptable workers who are willing to learn new skills. a. adaptable things can be used in different situations or for different purposes. adaptable office furniture. Most people want insurance policies that are adaptable to changing circumstances能适应情况变化的. adapt I. [intransitive] to change your ideas or behavior so that you can deal with a new situation. The company was accused of being slow to adapt. adapt to: Most students have little difficulty adapting to college life. a. [transitive] to change something to make it more appropriate for a new use or situation. Courses can be adapted to suit the needs of each person. a specially adapted car. adapt for: You can adapt this fabric for anything from divers' suits to gloves. II. [transitive] to change a book or play so that it can be made into a movie, TV program, etc. adapt something from something 改编: The movie is adapted from a Michael Crichton novel.). Window shopping can offer some of the comfort of shopping. The advantage is that many items and many stores can be enjoyed without cost—far more than spending would allow. The disadvantage is that one cannot acquire or keep the items.
