用法学习: 1. In Buddhism, Avīci 十八层地狱 (Sanskrit and Pali for "without waves" – Japanese and Chinese: 無間地獄 and 阿鼻地獄) or Avichi is the lowest Level of the Naraka or "hell" realm, into which the dead who have committed grave misdeeds may be reborn. It is said to be a cube 20,000 yojanas (120,000 to 300,000 kilometres) to a side, buried deep underneath the divine (nonvisible) earth. Avīci is often translated into English as "interminable 无休止的, 无穷无尽的, 没完没了的, 又臭又长的" ( [ɪnˈtɜrmɪnəb(ə)l] continuing for a long time in a boring or annoying way. an interminable speech/wait/meeting. If you describe something as interminable, you are emphasizing that it continues for a very long time and indicating that you wish it was shorter or would stop. [emphasis] ...an interminable meeting. He talked to me interminably 喋喋不休的 about his first wife. ) or "incessant ( [ɪnˈses(ə)nt] continuing for a long time without stopping in a way that is annoying. incessant crying. the incessant flow of traffic across the bridge. ) ", due to the idea that those beings that have been sent there languish there eternally. The other hells function more like Purgatory, where after perhaps a few aeons ( [ˈiˌɑn] = eon (英式拼法) American English [ˈiən] an extremely long period of time. ) of suffering, one might be reborn as some sort of lowly life-form in a somewhat less horrible place; but, those sent to Avīci Hell are thought to be hopeless of any respite. 2. In vertebrates, the gallbladder 胆囊 is a small hollow organ where bile胆汁 is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine. In humans, the pear-shaped gallbladder lies beneath the liver, although the structure and position of the gallbladder can vary significantly among animal species. It receives and stores bile, produced by the liver, via the common hepatic duct, and releases it via the common bile duct into the duodenum, where the bile helps in the digestion of fats. The gallbladder can be affected by gallstones 胆结石, formed by material that cannot be dissolved – usually cholesterol or bilirubin, a product of haemoglobin breakdown. These may cause significant pain, particularly in the upper-right corner of the abdomen, and are often treated with removal of the gallbladder called a cholecystectomy. Cholecystitis, inflammation of the gallbladder, has a wide range of causes, including result from the impaction of gallstones, infection, and autoimmune disease. 3. diagnose I. to find out what physical or mental problem someone has by examining them. These questions help doctors diagnose personality disorders. Two doctors failed to diagnose a punctured lung. 诊断出病症: diagnose (something) The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases. diagnose something as something The illness was diagnosed as cancer. "She was finally diagnosed as having epilepsy". A psychiatrist diagnosed her as severely depressed. diagnose somebody with something He has recently been diagnosed with angina. When Eva was first diagnosed with cancer she was twenty. diagnose somebody (as) something He was diagnosed (as) a diabetic when he was 64. diagnose somebody + adj./noun He was diagnosed (a) diabetic. II. to find out why something such as a piece of equipment or software is not working. Scanning software can diagnose general disk faults. 4. pay scale a graded scale of wages or salaries paid within a particular organization or profession. "two out of every three teachers in Northern Ireland are at the top of their pay scale". If this is about pay scale 薪酬, 薪水问题, you know I can do nothing about it. the different levels of pay for a particular job, relating to different degrees of skill or experience: At the interview, ask where you will be placed on the pay scale. Excellent teachers can advance two points up the pay scale. In today's local labor market, most jobs near the bottom of the pay scale now pay $2 to $4 an hour above the federal minimum. wiki: A pay scale (also known as a salary structure)
is a system that determines how much an employee is to be paid as a
wage or salary, based on one or more factors such as the employee's
level, rank or status within the employer's organization, the length of
time that the employee has been employed, and the difficulty of the
specific work performed. Examples of pay scales include U.S. uniformed
services pay grades,
the salary grades by which United States military personnel are paid,
and the General Schedule, the salary grades by which United States
white-collar civil service personnel are paid. Private employers use
salary structures with grades (including minimums, midpoints and
maximums) to define the ranges of pay available to employees in each grade/range. In 2002, Gregory A. Stoskopf identified a trend of employers to align their salary structures to 向...看齐, 向...靠拢, 以...为参照 the competitive values of jobs in the appropriate labor market. Salary range minimums were being aligned to approximately the 25th percentile of the market data,
midpoints were being aligned to market medians, and maximums were being
aligned to the 75th percentile of the market data. In an article
published by WorldatWork, Stoskopf first coined the term "market-based
salary structure" to describe this phenomenon. In 2012, WorldatWork and
Deloitte Consulting LLP co-sponsored research to determine the extent to
which this practice had become prevalent in US employers' salary
administration practices. By that time 64% of employers utilized
market-based salary structures to administer pay for their employees. 5. Loser pays 愿赌服输, sometimes called the "English rule" but actually, in essence, the rule in place in the rest of the world, refers to the policy of reimbursement by the parties who lose in litigation of the winners' legal expenses,
including attorneys' fees. In the field of law and economics, the
English rule (capitalized as English Rule in some jurisdictions) is a
rule controlling assessment of lawyers' fees arising out of litigation. The English rule provides that the party who loses in court pays the other party's legal costs. The English rule contrasts with the American rule, under which each party is generally responsible to pay its own attorneys' fees 律师费, unless a statute or contract provides for that assessment.
The rationale for the English rule is that a litigant (whether bringing
a claim or defending a claim) is entitled to legal representation and,
if successful, should not be left out of pocket by reason of his or her
own legal fees. It should be borne in mind that, in virtually all
English civil litigation, damages are merely compensatory. Nearly every
Western democracy other than the United States follows the English rule.
两难境地, 两难选择, 左右为难: 1. stark I. used
for describing a building or scene that is very clear and plain to look
at, often in a slightly unpleasant or frightening way. She disliked the stark brick walls and the steel window frames. The hill formed a stark silhouette against the sky. II. used for describing an unpleasant fact or situation that is very obvious or impossible to avoid. stark choice 两个坏选择的, 两难的选择: Mitch knows he faces a stark choice. If he works with the FBI, he believes that even if he stays alive, he will have to disclose information about the firm's legitimate clients—thus breaking the attorney–client privilege and risking disbarment. The stark choice is between moving out or staying here and paying more. stark reality: Too many community leaders seem unable to grasp this stark reality. a. extreme and obvious. There still remained one stark difference between the two men. in stark contrast: His words were in stark contrast to what he had said earlier. stark raving/staring mad completely crazy. put/throw something into (sharp/stark) relief to make something very obvious. The episode throws into sharp relief the enormous cultural divide between these two communities. stark naked used for emphasizing that someone is not wearing any clothes at all. The child was stark naked in the bathroom. 2. Assad's resilience has created a quandary 两难境地 for the West, which finds itself facing a much larger problem in the form of Islamic State, a bitter foe of both the Syrian regime and Western democracies. 3. You can't just hand out big orders on a handshake. This causes a real paradox 两难之事 for major entities like government, who would love to be supplied by SMEs (they're quicker to respond反应迅速 and often cheaper), but put them off 望而却步, 止步 with all the Red Tape (官样文章, 繁文缛节) and procedure. 4. tough call 难做的决定, 两难的决定, 难决定 a difficult judgment to make. It's
a tough call, but I choose Fred and Mary. Sorry Tom and Carole. We're
still undecided on whether to buy a place or rent—it's a tough call. 5. Sheldon: Penny, please, I'm on the horns of a relationship dilemma( on the horns of a dilemma 左右为难, 难以抉择, 两难境地
Fig. To face a choice between two equally undesirable alternatives.
having to decide between two things, people, etc. unable to decide
between two things because either could bring bad results Nonprofit
groups are often caught on the horns of a dilemma – they have to
satisfy their donors, but at the same time, they need to attract new
donors. Mary found herself
on the horns of a dilemma. She didn't know which to choose. I make up my
mind easily. I'm not on the horns of a dilemma very often. have the wolf by the ear To be in a difficult situation – a dangerous situation from which one cannot disengage, but in which one cannot safely remain. have a tiger by the tail 骑虎难下 To be in a difficult or dangerous situation in which one ideally should not remain, but from which one cannot withdraw.). And for the record, I had a full pubis of hair by the time I was 19. 6. We are stuck/caught between a rock and a hard place = between the devil and the deep blue sea. Faced with a choice between two unpleasant alternatives, or two evils.相当于汉语里的: 左右为难, 进退维谷, 进退两难. To say that one is stuck "between a rock and a hard place"
stresses that there are two forces which are restricting one's movement.
Often it is the opposite direction of these forces that causes the
sticking point. One is unable for some particular reason to do something
that one would like to do, such as act or not act in a certain way. if you are between a rock and a hard place, you have to make a difficult decision between two things that are equally unpleasant. I'm caught between a rock and a hard place. If I go with Isobel, it'll be much more expensive and if I go with Julie, Isobel probably won't speak to me again. 7. a balancing/juggling act 两难的事情, 左右为难的事情 a difficult situation in which you try to achieve several different things at the same time. It's so exhausting having to perform the balancing act between work and family. Keeping both sides in the dispute happy让双方都高兴 was a difficult juggling act which required an extraordinary degree of diplomacy需要些外交技巧. 8. This is a common conundrum ([kə'nʌndrəm]两难境地 a puzzling question or problem. A paradoxical, insoluble, or difficult problem; a dilemma. ) for many buyers and, ultimately, there's no real right or wrong way to go. In theory, a mint, low-kay used car with warranty left to run
offers the perfect combination of hip-pocket (屁股兜 a pocket at the back of a pair of trousers) appeal and peace of mind安心, 放心.
But you'll need to put in legwork to find the right car and call on
independent experts to ensure it is mechanically tip-top顶尖的(Excellent; first-rate: an athlete in tiptop condition.). 9. in a jam = in a bind, in a tight/tough spot 限于困境 find/get sb. in a bind, in a double bind 两难境地. a double bind两难境地 a situation in which you cannot succeed because whatever you decide to do, there will be bad results Women find themselves in a double bind.
If they stay at home with their kids they're regarded as non-achievers
and if they go out to work, people say they're neglecting their
family. in a bind=in a jam forced to deal with a difficult situation Ashworth felt he was in a bind, with two completely different sets of directions he was supposed to follow.
Movie - Love By Chance: 1. panache [pəˈnæʃ] I. an impressive way of doing something that shows great skill and confidence. If you do something with panache, you do it in a confident, stylish, and elegant way. The BBC Symphony Orchestra played with great panache. Her panache at dealing with the world's media is quite astonishing. The first few songs are played with typical panache. II. Flamboyant confidence of style or manner. He entertained London society with great panache. 2. I'm glad you give us a second chance to earn your business. What are you gonna do with all the leftovers 剩下来的. Well, unfortunately they don't really keep 不易保存 (keep well), 不能保存, 保质期短 (shelf life)( It'll keep in the fridge for about... 3 or 4 days? You made a traditional dish from your country and brought some for one of your coworkers. When you give it to her, you tell her how quickly she should eat it. it'll This is a contraction of "it will". People use it in casual spoken English. Don't use it in formal writing unless you're trying to quote someone who was speaking casually. His landlord reassured him that it was only a temporary inconvenience. "It'll be ready by Monday," he said. "It'll" is similar to "this'll" and "that'll". All of these contractions are less common and less formal than the usual contractions like "can't" and "isn't". the fridge English speakers usually call their refrigerator "the fridge". For example: I have some beers in the fridge. You want one? The word "refrigerator" sounds a bit formal. You say "refrigerator" when you're talking about it as a machine. For example, when you're calling a repairman: Can someone come out and take a look at my refrigerator? It's not staying cool like it's supposed to. (some food) will keep for (some time) 不会坏, 不会变质, 可以保存(keep well) Food eventually "goes bad": it becomes rotten, stale, or rancid. It's not safe to eat after a certain period of time. You can talk about that time period by saying that the food "will keep for ___": A jar of honey will keep for decades if it remains sealed. It will keep in the freezer for a couple of months.). You don't throw them out, do you? Sadly, that's often what happens, yeah. What are you gonna do for shoes. I don't know. I got those open-toed 漏趾的 pumps ( A court shoe (British English), or pump (American English), is a shoe with a low-cut front, the vamp, and without a fastening. They are usually worn by women, but are still traditional menswear in some formal situations, where the style is sometimes called an opera slipper or patent pump. Pumps with a strap 带鞋带的 across the instep are called Mary Janes. Pumps may have an ankle strap.). Those are so plain 太不起眼的, 太平常了. That dress requires a pair of new shoes. There's no maybe. It's a gotta 必须的. I got it on sale 打特价买的. thin something out 弄稀点, 稀疏点 to make something less dense; to scatter something. A harsh winter thinned out the herd of deer. The chef thinned the sauce out with water. You will have to thin the young plants out, because there is not room for all of them. Can you thin out these young plants? The trees began to thin out as we got higher up the mountain. The crowd began to thin out 人群稀疏, 人变少 as we got a little farther from the theater. The air thinned out as we climbed up the mountain. It's really thinned out 人员散去, 没多少人了 in here. Maybe we can take a look at some art downstairs. 3. It's a quick showing 带看房, 只是简单看一下. I totally forgot I have a showing 要带人看房. I didn't have the heart 没胆. hightail it (up/down/along etc.) to go somewhere fast or in an urgent way. They came tearing out of the gates and hightailed it up the road. The second I saw her I hightailed out of there 夹着尾巴逃窜, 抱头鼠窜, 逃窜. with your tail between your legs ashamed or upset because you have been defeated. We're going to send them home with their tails between their legs. I'm sure it'll work itself out 车到山前必有路, 自行解决, 自会有办法的, 自然而然就好了. pack it in 收手 Stop what one is doing. to give up or stop trying, as in discouragement. I decided to resit my GCSEs but I didn't have enough confidence in myself so I packed it in. A long bout with congested lungs, I do not know why they don't just pack it in. You guys are such foodies 吃货(someone who enjoys eating or cooking different types of food and who talks a lot about food. Foodies are people who enjoy cooking and eating different kinds of food. [informal] Other neighbourhoods in the city offer foodies a choice of Chinese, Portuguese or Greek food.). The carbs are clouding your judgment 影响判断力. 4. I'm just the cater 供餐, 提供饮食的 not the belle of the ball ( be the belle of the ball 舞会皇后, 舞会女皇 to be the most attractive woman at a party or similar event. The woman who is the most beautiful or attractive at a dance or similar function: She wore a dress of crimson silk to the dinner and was the belle of the ball. ). vision I. the faculty or state of being able to see. "she had defective vision". II. the ability to think about or plan the future with imagination or wisdom. "the organization had lost its vision 洞察力, 先见之明 (tunnel vision 短视) and direction". Vision is eyesight, something that is or has been seen or something imagined. An example of vision is what someone sees when they open their eyes. An example of vision is a beautiful person in someone's line of sight. You are a vision. An example of vision is what a person imagines their ideal home to look like. The expression "20/20" is so common in the United States that there's even a TV show named after it. Here's where the 20/20 designation comes from. By looking at lots of people, eye doctors have decided what a "normal" human being should be able to see when standing 20 feet away from an eye chart. If you have 20/20 vision 视力, it means that when you stand 20 feet away from the chart you can see what the "normal" human being can see. (In metric, the standard is 6 meters and it's called 6/6 vision). In other words, your vision is "normal" -- most people can see what you see at 20 feet. (From here on, please assume that the word "normal" has quotes around it). 5. cut your losses 认栽, 壮士断腕 to get out of a bad situation before it gets worse instead of waiting to see whether it will improve. to avoid losing any more money than you have already lost: She realized it was time to cut her losses and give up. Let's cut our losses and sell the business before prices drop even further. big drink of water I. A tall, typically slender person. Who's that big drink of water who just walked in? II.
A rather boring, plain, or uninteresting person. a boring person or thing. (A pun on "hard to take.") She is a big drink of water, but she could be worse. The lecture was a big drink of water. Sarah's new boyfriend
sure is a big drink of water, huh? He barely said a word all night. "You wear it well ( wear (or wear your years) well)" originally meant "the clothes that you are wearing suit you: they show you to your best advantage". The phrase became famous as a song title in the 1970s, written by Rod Stewart and Martin Quittenton. Here the "it" is referring to age, and the experience of life, rather than physical clothing. wear well I. if a person wears well, they look attractive and healthy even though they are not young. He was at least 50, but he'd worn well. II. if something wears well, it stays in good condition even after a lot of use. This is a conversation from Rain Fall by Barry Eisler. A girl is asking a man if his regrets are like anyone else's. The man says that he doesn't usually compare. The girl says that he just did it. And the man says: "You're tough""I don't mean to be." "I think you do. But you wear it well ( The man is saying that the girl's toughness is making her attractive to him. )." Last under continual or hard use; also, withstand 经得住, 经得起 criticism or the test of time. For example, These boots have worn well.
