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用法学习: 1. 女星: "Break-ups are hard across the board, but when every verified account on Twitter posts something about me I get tagged -- and every major publication is verified," Moretz explained. "So anytime they post something about a certain relationship, it pops up on my phone, which is how I find out about 90 percent of things." "[I've learned] to be secretive. To keep things quiet," said Moretz. "It's been a very big learning curve, and that was hard. You can't post that photo unless you want people to talk about it. And if you do, you can't complain." 2. Penny: Okay, fine. Well, what if we just flip it over There. Looks fine, right? Leonard: Mm, butt print. There's no discernible butt print 看不出屁股印来. Howard: Okay, here's another one. If you married the famous rock guitarist Johnny Winter, you'd be Summer Winter. Summer: Uh-huh. Howard: Okay, I'm going to just go for broke here and say I like you. Summer: Yeah? Howard: So here's my question, do you realistically see any conversational 对话的 path that would take me from where we are right now to a place where I could ask you out and you'd say yes? Summer: No. Howard: Fair enough. I'll leave you in peace. Summer: Thank you. Howard: But before I go, would you mind if I just take one picture of us together for my Facebook page? Summer: Sure. 流水线: Howard: Too bad. You know the rules of Secret Agent Laser Obstacle Chess. Uh, Leonard died again, Sheldon. You're up. Sheldon: Despite my deep love of chess, lasers and aerosol disinfectant, I must forfeit(I. to be forced to give up a right, a benefit, or something that you own, because you have broken a rule or law. If they moved away, they would forfeit all rights to their land. It is the first time she has forfeited a tournament match through injury. II. 丧失. 错失 to lose something valuable by making a mistake or by doing something wrong. By attacking too late, they had forfeited the advantage of surprise.). Leonard: Why? Sheldon: – Because it's almost eleven o'clock. Leonard: So? Sheldon: So, Penny has a don't knock on my door before eleven o'clock or I punch you in the throat rule. Sheldon: It's eleven am. Penny: I know. You're safe. Sheldon: This package came while you were at work. Penny: Oh, great, my rhinestones(A rhinestone, paste or diamante is a diamond simulant originally made from rock crystal but since the 19th century from crystal glass or polymers such as acrylic.). Thank you. Sheldon: Excuse me. Penny: What? Sheldon: You have to sign this. Penny: What is it? Sheldon: When I signed for the package, I was deputized ( to temporarily do the work of someone more senior than you. You'll be deputizing for the manager while she's on holiday. ) by the United Parcel Service and entrusted with its final delivery. I now need you to acknowledge receipt of the package so that I'm fully indemnified ( indemnify [ɪnˈdemnɪfaɪ] I. to provide someone with insurance or protection against injury or loss. To indemnify someone against something bad happening means to promise to protect them, especially financially, if it happens. They agreed to indemnify the taxpayers against any loss. The printers were indemnified against legal action. It doesn't have the money to indemnify everybody. II. to make a payment to someone who has suffered injury or loss. ) and no longer liable. Penny: Sheldon, it's just a box of rhinestones. Sheldon: Well, the contents are irrelevant. A legal bailment has been created. Does that mean nothing to you? Penny: It means nothing to anybody. Come here, let me show you what I'm doing. Sheldon: Good. Let's begin with the premise that everything you've done up to this point is wrong. Penny: Oh, imagine that (Fancy that! and Imagine that! I am very surprised to hear that.; That is hard to imagine or believe. used to express that something is remarkable. This tree is more than 300 years old. Imagine that! Mary: My father was elected president of the board. Sally: Fancy that! Sue: This computer is ten times faster than the one we had before. Jane: Imagine that! Is it easy to operate? Sue: Of course not. Fancy that! There’s a piece of pie left in the fridge.). Sheldon: Sarcasm. Good-bye. 4. Sheldon: Penny's making hair accessories. I'm helping her optimize her manufacturing process. All right, break's over. (They start singing again.) Howard: Hold on. What are you using as a bonding agent? Sheldon: Hot glue. Howard: You're kidding. Any of the cyanoacrylates would do a better job. Sheldon: It won't work, the flower's too porous (porous I. a porous substance has a lot of very small holes in it so that air and water can pass through it. II. 漏洞多的. 防御不足的. not effective in preventing people from attacking or escaping. a porous border/defence. ). Leonard: What if we infused the bottom layer with silicone-RTV to provide a better mounting surface? Sheldon: Intriguing. Howard (after Raj whispers to him): Good question, what are your marketing and distribution channels? Penny: Well, there are the waitresses at my work, and this cute, little shop in Old Town. Sheldon: Hush, hush, hush, hush, hush, virtually non-existent. I'm thinking that we set her up with a hosted turnkey e-commerce system to start. Howard: Why not eliminate the middle man 中间商? We could install a small server farm with a static IP in her bedroom. Leonard: She'd need some kind of industrial cooling system. Sheldon: Of course, but before we set up a marketing and distribution infrastructure, we should finish optimizing the manufacturing process. To start with, she has a terrible problem with moisture-induced glitter clump. Penny: Yeah, it's a bitch. Leonard: Are you thinking about adding a desiccant like calcium sulphate? Howard: Actually, I'm thinking about this one stripper named Vega. But sure, calcium sulphate could work. Sheldon: Let's think out of the box for a moment. How about a molecular sieve? Leonard & Howard: Oh! Penny: I've got a spaghetti strainer in the kitchen. Sheldon: Wow. Leonard: Hey, we could liberate some micro-porous charcoal from the chem lab. Sheldon: Oh, great. Raj, why don't you and Howard go get the charcoal? Leonard, why don't you start working on some preliminary Web site designs. I'll make some space in our apartment so we can move the manufacturing process. 5. 奥克兰的少年炒房客: His parents — both accountants — helped with financial guidance, but Mr Brownlee said the grunt work 劳苦的工作, 苦力 ( the basic, hard work, often physical or boring work, that is necessary for something to succeed: As an apprentice, you start out doing a lot of the grunt work. A computer can handle the mathematical grunt work.) and passion has always been his. He remembers driving home at 3am from Hamilton one night, having worked on his first property at the same time as doing a night shift in a call centre and studying at university. "Surely, no one else is doing this," he recalls thinking to himself. Soon he'll be putting in the hard graft ( graft I. [COUNTABLE] 植皮. a piece of skin, bone etc from one part of your body used to replace or repair a damaged part of your body. A graft is a piece of healthy skin or bone, or a healthy organ, which is attached to a damaged part of your body by a medical operation in order to replace it. I am having a skin graft on my arm soon. skin grafts for burns victims If a piece of healthy skin or bone or a healthy organ is grafted onto a damaged part of your body, it is attached to that part of your body by a medical operation. The top layer of skin has to be grafted onto the burns. a. 嫁接 BIOLOGY a piece taken from a plant and joined to a cut made in another plant so that it can grow there. If a part of one plant or tree is grafted onto another plant or tree, they are joined together so that they will become one plant or tree, often in order to produce a new variety. Pear trees are grafted on quince rootstocks. II. [UNCOUNTABLE] AMERICAN INFORMAL 政治献金. dishonest or illegal activities in politics or business that involve giving people money or advantages in exchange for their help or support. In politics, graft is used to refer to the activity of using power or authority to obtain money dishonestly. [mainly US] ...another politician accused of graft. III. If you graft one idea or system on to another, you try to join one to the other. The Japanese tried to graft their own methods onto this different structure. IV. Graft means hard work. [British, informal] His career has been one of hard graft. hard graft: The job was finished on time, thanks to the sheer hard graft of those involved. A plant cutting 扦插 is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation 无性繁殖. A piece of the stem or root of the source plant is placed in a suitable medium 介质, 媒介 such as moist soil. If the conditions are suitable, the plant piece will begin to grow as a new plant independent of the parent, a process known as striking. A stem cutting produces new roots, and a root cutting produces new stems. Some plants can be grown from leaf pieces, called leaf cuttings, which produce both stems and roots. The scions used in grafting are also called cuttings. Propagating plants from cuttings is an ancient form of cloning.) again, spending up to three months living alone in a sleeping bag at his latest investment property: a fire-damaged home in Whanganui. 土耳其里拉崩溃: The lira's tailspin has unsettled global markets, with shares of European banks coming under particular pressure because of concerns over the lenders' exposure to Turkey. The jitters 紧张不安 have also hit the currencies of other major emerging markets, such as South Africa and India. Economists are warning that if confidence isn't restored quickly, Turkey could lurch into ( lurch I. to move suddenly in a way that is not smooth or controlled. Joe lurched drunkenly into the room. II. if your heart or stomach lurches, it seems to suddenly jump because you are excited or upset. leave someone in the lurch to leave someone in a difficult situation without helping them. lurch from something to something to keep having serious problems, usually caused by a lack of judgment. The government seems to lurch from one crisis to another. ) a recession and debt crisis requiring a bailout from the International Monetary Fund. "Investors are clearly concerned that Turkey's government won't act (or allow the central bank to act) to shore up the currency, and fears are mounting that this could result in a crisis in Turkey's banking sector," William Jackson, chief emerging markets economist at research firm Capital Economics, wrote in a note to clients Friday. 6. eat one's heart out 嫉妒死了 suffer from excessive longing for someone or something unattainable. to brood or pine with grief or longing. "I could have stayed in London eating my heart out for you". Leslie: Boy, your heart's racing. I must've really gotten you going. Howard: Well, it's partly you, partly my transient idiopathic arrhythmia. Leslie: Sexy. Howard: Can I assume that you likewise found the experience… Leslie: Satisfactory? Howard: That wasn't quite the word I was looking for, but sure, I'll do this pass-fail (The definition of pass fail refers to a grading system in which students receive wither a "pass" or "fail" grade. If an exam or course is pass-fail, no mark is given for it, and the only thing the students are told about their performance is whether or not they have passed. An example of a pass fail class is one where you either complete it properly and get credit or where you don't; but, either way, no grades are assigned.). Leslie: Hey, are you enjoying that prototyper I got you? Howard: Oh, it's great. Everybody in the Engineering Department is eating their hearts out. Leslie: Isn't it nice when your good fortune makes others miserable? Howard: You know, most people don't get that. illustrious [iˈlʌstriəs] well known, respected, and admired for past achievements. If you describe someone as an illustrious person, you mean that they are extremely well known because they have a high position in society or they have done something impressive. ...the most illustrious scientists of the century. ...his long and illustrious career. "his illustrious predecessor". Kill Bill: The Bride: [On Gogo Yubari] The young girl in the schoolgirl uniform is O-Ren's personal bodyguard, 17-year-old Gogo Yubari. Gogo may be young, what she lacks in age, she makes up for in madness. make up for to take the place of something lost or damaged or to compensate for something bad with something good: No amount of money can make up for the death of a child. This year's good harvest will make up for last year's bad one. [ + -ing verb ] He bought me dinner to make up for being so late the day before. 7. category [UK ˈkætɪɡəri US ˈkætɪɡori] categorise [ UK ˌkætəɡərəɪz US ˌkætəɡorəɪz], categorical [ˌkætɪˈɡɒrɪkl̩] 毫不含糊的, 毫不含混的, 清楚无误的, 坚决的, 明确无误地 clear and definite about what you mean. If you are categorical about something, you state your views very definitely and firmly. ...his categorical denial of the charges of sexual harassment. He is quite categorical that the U.N. should only help the innocent civilian population. a categorical assurance/statement. A category mistake 归类错误(The error of assigning to something a quality or action which can only properly be assigned to things of another category, for example treating abstract concepts as though they had a physical location.), or category error, or categorical mistake, or mistake of category, is a semantic or ontological error in which things belonging to a particular category are presented as if they belong to a different category, or, alternatively, a property is ascribed to a thing that could not possibly have that property. An example is the metaphor "time crawled", which if taken literally is not just false but a category mistake. To show that a category mistake has been committed one must typically show that once the phenomenon in question is properly understood, it becomes clear that the claim being made about it could not possibly be true. 印度caste系统: Manusmriti, widely regarded to be the most important and authoritative book on Hindu law and dating back to at least 1,000 years before Christ was born, "acknowledges and justifies the caste system as the basis of order and regularity of society". The caste system divides Hindus into four main categories - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras. Many believe that the groups originated from Brahma, the Hindu God of creation. India's caste system is among the world's oldest forms of surviving social stratification ( stratification [ˌstrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] I. FORMAL the division of a society into different groups. II. SCIENCE the way in which rock forms different layers. stratified 阶级分类 [ˈstrætɪfaɪd] I. FORMAL divided into groups in society based on status. II. SCIENCE formed into layers of a particular type of rock). The BBC explains its complexities. At the top of the hierarchy 社会阶层 were the Brahmins who were mainly teachers and intellectuals and are believed to have come from Brahma's head. Then came the Kshatriyas, or the warriors and rulers, supposedly from his arms. The third slot went to the Vaishyas, or the traders, who were created from his thighs. At the bottom of the heap were the Shudras, who came from Brahma's feet and did all the menial jobs. The main castes were further divided into about 3,000 castes and 25,000 sub-castes, each based on their specific occupation. Outside of this Hindu caste system were the achhoots - the Dalits or the untouchables. For centuries, caste dictated almost every aspect of Hindu religious and social life, with each group occupying a specific place in this complex hierarchy. Rural communities were long arranged on the basis of castes - the upper and lower castes almost always lived in segregated colonies, the water wells were not shared, Brahmins would not accept food or drink from the Shudras, and one could marry only within one's caste. Traditionally, the system bestowed many privileges 特权 on the upper 上层 castes while sanctioning repression of the lower castes by privileged groups. Often criticised for being unjust and regressive, it remained virtually unchanged for centuries, trapping people into fixed social orders from which it was impossible to escape. Despite the obstacles, however, some Dalits and other low-caste Indians, such as BR Ambedkar who authored the Indian constitution, and KR Narayanan who became the nation's first Dalit president, have risen to hold prestigious positions in the country. Independent India's constitution banned discrimination on the basis of caste, and, in an attempt to correct historical injustices and provide a level playing field to the traditionally disadvantaged, the authorities announced quotas in government jobs and educational institutions for scheduled castes and tribes, the lowest in the caste hierarchy, in 1950. In 1989, quotas were extended to include a grouping called the OBCs (Other Backward Classes) which fall between the traditional upper castes and the lowest. In recent decades, with the spread of secular education and growing urbanisation, the influence of caste has somewhat declined, especially in cities where different castes live side-by-side and inter-caste marriages are becoming more common. In certain southern states and in the northern state of Bihar, many people began using just one name after social reform movements. Despite the changes though, caste identities remain strong, and last names are almost always indications of what caste a person belongs to.