用法学习: 1. action sexual activity. Pop star Miley Cyrus has revealed Liam Hemsworth got "a lot of action" following his heroics during the California wildfires. "He got a lot of action for saving the animals. He got a lot of action," Cyrus added. "We had to make sure that he knew I was very thankful." I got some action last night. Hey, you get any action last night? glaring 刺眼的. 明显的, 显著的, 显眼的 I. a glaring mistake is very obvious. If you describe something bad as glaring, you are emphasizing that it is very obvious and easily seen or noticed. I never saw such a glaring example of misrepresentation. It was glaringly obvious. He told a glaringly different story. There's a glaring difference in it. II. a glaring light 炫目的, 让人头晕目眩的 shines very brightly in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable. glare I. to look at someone or something in a very angry way. glare at: They glared at each other across the table. II. to shine with a very strong light that makes you feel uncomfortable. The sun glared down, dazzling them. the glare of publicity/the media etc. 众目睽睽之下, 在媒体的注视下 attention from newspapers and television, especially when you do not want it. Their relationship will be severely tested in the full glare of media publicity. 2. It took a lot of work for them to make this house habitable 可住人的, 可居住的, 能住人的, 能住的. nepotism [ˈnɛpətɪz(ə)m] 任人唯亲 the practice among those with power or influence of favouring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs. "his years in office were marked by corruption and nepotism". acrimonious [ækrɪmoʊniəs] 不友好的, 怒气冲冲的, 充满恨意的 Acrimonious words or quarrels are bitter and angry. [formal] an acrimonious situation is unpleasant because people feel angry toward each other. an acrimonious divorce. There followed an acrimonious debate. Our relationship ended acrimoniously. In 2005, McKennitt was involved in an acrimonious court case in England when her former friend and employee, Niema Ash, published a book, Travels with Loreena McKennitt: My Life as a Friend, that contained intimate details of their friendship. McKennitt argued that much of the book contained confidential personal information that Ash had no right to publish. The English courts found that there had indeed been a breach of confidence and a misuse of McKennitt's private information, and the case is likely to set important precedents in the law of England and Wales on the privacy of public figures. 3. 早期基督教历史: According to Church tradition, it was under Nero's persecution 在...的迫害下. 受到...的迫害. 迫害 ( [ˌpɜrsɪˈkjuʃ(ə)n] extremely bad treatment of someone, especially because of their race, religion, or political beliefs. Persecution is cruel and unfair treatment of a person or group, especially because of their religious or political beliefs, or their race. ...the persecution of minorities. ...victims of political persecution. We had to leave the country because of the persecutions. He may face persecution if he returns to his homeland. religious/ political persecution 政治迫害. persecution of: the Nazi persecution of the Jews. persecution complex 被害妄想症(siege mentality, bunker mentality) a mental illness in which you believe that everyone is unfair or cruel to you. persecute [ˈpɜrsˌɪkjut] I. to treat someone extremely badly, or to refuse them equal rights, especially because of their race, religion, or political beliefs. In those days, Christians were persecuted by the government. They have denied persecuting or killing political dissidents. II. to frequently annoy or threaten someone. Why are you persecuting me like this? ) that Peter and Paul were each martyred in Rome. Similarly, several of the New Testament writings mention persecutions and stress endurance through them. Early Christians suffered sporadic persecutions as the result of local pagan populations putting pressure on the imperial authorities to take action against the Christians in their midst, who were thought to bring misfortune by their refusal to honour the gods. The last and most severe persecution organised by the imperial authorities was the Diocletianic Persecution, 303–311. In spite of these sometimes intense persecutions, the Christian religion continued its spread throughout the Mediterranean Basin. There is no agreement on 没有公认的说法 how Christianity managed to spread so successfully prior to the Edict of Milan and the establishment of Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire. In The Rise of Christianity, Rodney Stark argues that Christianity triumphed over paganism ( Paganism [peɪgənɪzəm] is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for populations of the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population or because they were not milites Christi (soldiers of Christ). Alternate terms in Christian texts for the same group were hellene, gentile, and heathen. Pagan and paganism were pejorative terms for the same polytheistic group, implying its inferiority. Paganism has broadly connoted the "religion of the peasantry", and for much of its history has been a derogatory term. Both during and after the Middle Ages, pagan was a pejorative term that was applied to any non-Abrahamic or unfamiliar religion, and the term presumed a belief in false god(s). pagan [peɪgən] I. adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun] Pagan beliefs and activities do not belong to any of the main religions of the world and take nature and a belief in many gods as a basis. They are older, or are believed to be older, than other religions. II. In former times, pagans were people who did not believe in Christianity and who many Christians considered to be inferior people. The new religion was eager to convert the pagan world. Eggs were associated with spring and fertility by pagans. ) chiefly because it improved the lives of its adherents in various ways. 4. cater to something (appeal to) 迎合to provide people with something they want or need, especially something unusual or special. There are more and more TV shows catering to young male audiences. cater for somebody/something = cater to somebody/ something to provide a particular group of people with the things they need or want an LA bank catering to Asian businesses. Vegetarians are well catered for. Most perfume ads cater to male fantasies. The school aims to cater for children of all abilities. Internet shopping caters to every conceivable need. bars that cater to the lucrative tourist trade. II. often disapproving to satisfy a need or desire that is unusual or unacceptable: Why should you cater to his every whim? This legislation simply caters to racism. cater 餐饮供应, 提供饮食: to provide food and drinks at an event. Who's catering the party? cater for: I'm catering for a wedding reception next week. 5. gastronomy [gæstrɒnəmi] Gastronomy is the activity and knowledge involved in preparing and appreciating good food. Burgundy has always been considered a major centre of gastronomy. Gastronomy 饮食文化, 美食学 is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastronomy is called a gastronome ['gæstrənəum] 美食爱好者, 吃货(gourmand US [ɡʊəˈmond] UK [ˈɡʊrmənd] I. someone who enjoys good food and wine. A gourmand is a person who enjoys eating and drinking in large amounts. [formal, disapproval] The food here satisfies gourmands rather than gourmets. II. someone who eats too much. ), while a gastronomist 美食家 is one who unites theory and practice in the study of gastronomy. Practical gastronomy 实践美食学 is associated with the practice and study of the preparation, production, and service of the various foods and beverages, from countries around the world. Theoretical gastronomy 理论美食学 supports practical gastronomy. It is related with a system and process approach, focused on recipes, techniques and cookery books. Food gastronomy is connected with food and beverages and their genesis. Technical gastronomy underpins practical gastronomy, introducing a rigorous approach to evaluation of gastronomic topics.
touristy VS touristic: touristy [ˈtʊərɪsti] (含贬义) 商业化, 旅游化, 游客化的 adjective INFORMAL relating to, appealing to, or visited by tourists (often used to suggest tawdriness or lack of authenticity). "a touristy shopping street". A touristy place is not attractive because a lot of tourists visit it and it is full of things for them to buy and do. If you describe a place as touristy, you do not like it because it is full of tourists or full of things for tourists to buy and do. This used to be a pretty little fishing town, but now it's become very touristy. touristic [tʊˈrɪstɪk ; toorisˈtik] (与touristy 相比没有贬义, 指和旅游游客相关的. 但是在实际中多用名词tourist 做修饰, 所以此词较少用: tourist spot, tourist places, tourist route.) I. of or for tourists. associated with tourism or involving tourism I hate touristy shops and streets but love discovering the nontraded touristic places; the traditions, street markets, small museums and plazas, typical buildings of each city or rustic villages. II. appealing to tourists; charming, picturesque, accessible, etc. 解释: In British English the two words are not equivalent. Touristic means "of or relating to tourism" and is a neutral word without connotation, while touristy is usually used in a pejorative sense. touristy; relating to, appealing to, or visited by tourists (often used to suggest tawdriness or lack of authenticity). Possibly non-native speakers think they should use the adjective touristic while native speakers prefer to form compound nouns from tourist, for example a tourist map or a tourist route. demographic VS demography [dɪˈmɑɡrəfi]: demographic [ˌdɛməˈɡrafɪk] adjective I. relating to the structure of populations. "the demographic trend is towards an older population". noun I. a particular sector of a population. "the drink is popular with a young demographic". II. Demographic means relating to or concerning demography. relating to demography (= the study of populations and the different groups that make them up): There have been monumental social and demographic changes in the country. current demographic trends. III. 人口组成. 人口结构. The demographics of a place or society are the statistics relating to the people who live there. ...the changing demographics of the United States. [+ of]. IV. In business, a demographic is a group of people in a society, especially people in a particular age group. [business] Most of our listeners are in the 25–39 demographic 年龄段. demography [dɪˈmɑɡrəfi] the study of changes in the number of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in aparticular area during a period of time: historical demography. The demography of an area is the number and characteristics of the people who live in an area, in relation totheir age, sex, if they are married or not, etc.: The increase in the number of young people leaving to work in the cities has had a dramatic impact on the demography of the villages. Demographics or demographic data refers to selected population characteristics as used in government, marketing or opinion research, or the demographic profiles used in such research. Commonly-used demographics include race, age, income, disabilities, mobility (in terms of travel time to work or number of vehicles available), educational attainment, home ownership, employment status, and even location. Distributions of values within a demographic variable, and across households, are both of interest, as well as trends over time. Demographics are frequently used in economic and marketing research. Demographic trends describes the changes in demographics in a population over time. For example, the average age of a population may increase over time. It may decrease as well. Certain restrictions may be set in place changing those numbers. For instance in China with the one child policy. The term demographics as a noun is often used erroneously in place of demography, the study of human population, its structure and change. Although there is no absolute delineation, demography focuses on population structure, processes and dynamics, whereas demographics is most often used in the fields of media studies, advertising, marketing, and polling, and should not be used interchangeably with the term "demography" or (more broadly) "population studies". Demographic profiles 目标客户群体, 目标群体: Marketers typically combine several variables to define a demographic profile. A demographic profile (often shortened to "a demographic") provides enough information about the typical member of this group to create a mental picture of this hypothetical aggregate. For example, a marketer might speak of the single, female, middle-class, age 18 to 24, college educated demographic. residual [rɪˈzɪdjuəl] (吃剩下的, 剩下来的, 还可以再吃的) VS residue [ˈrezɪdu] (残渣, 厨余, 拆下来的骨头等不能吃的部分, 属于垃圾的)( residual I. the difference between results obtained by observation and by computation from a formula or between the mean of several observations and any one of them. II. a residual product or substance. III. 后遗症. 落下的残疾. an internal aftereffect of experience or activity that influences later behaviore specially a disability remaining from a disease or operation. IV. a payment (as to an actor or writer) for each rerun after an initial showing (as of a TV show). V. remaining after most of something has gone: I still felt some residual bitterness 残余的 ten years after my divorce. ..residual radiation from nuclear weapons testing. Turn the hotplate off and allow the residual heat 余热, 余温 to keep the mixture simmering. residue I. formal the part that is left after the main part has gone or been taken away, or a substance that remains after a chemical process such as evaporation. When you peel off a tag but there is some sticky stuff left, the sticky stuff is an example of residue. She cut off the best meat and threw away the residue. The white residue in/on the kettle is a result of minerals in the water. a substance that remains on a surface, in a container etc and cannot be removed easily, or that remains after a chemical process. residue from sewage treatment plants. The flies leave a sticky residue on crops. Rinse off any soap residue. II. specialized law the part of a dead person's money and property that is left after taxes, debts, etc. have been paid: The residue (of the estate) went to her granddaughter. residual power (law) Power that is retained by the government after other powers were distributed to other authorities in the course of elections or by the process of delegation. Reserved powers, residual powers, or residuary powers are the powers which are neither prohibited nor explicitly given by law to any organ of government. Such powers, as well as general power of competence, are given because it is impractical to detail in legislation every act allowed to be carried out by the state. Reserved powers are given to different branches of the government in different countries. In Canada the reserved powers lie with the federal government; in the United States, the reserved powers lie with the constituent states. Spoilt vote 无效票: In voting, a ballot is considered spoilt, spoiled, void, null, informal, invalid or stray if a law declares or an election authority determines that it is invalid and thus not included in the vote count 不计票, 不计入总数. This may occur accidentally or deliberately. The total number of spoilt votes in a United States election has been called the residual vote. In Australia, such votes are generally referred to as informal votes, and in Canada they are referred to as rejected votes.): resiDUE something that remains after the completion of a process. So when a procedure is done or complete what is left is DUE to give a specific result. resiDUAL is generally a quantity left over at the end of a process. I remember this because of the word DUAL means two and in order to have something left thre must be more than one to take away from. A lot of people in grazing circles seem to use these terms interchangeably, but in grazing science they mean two very different things. Residual is the living plant material left behind after a grazing event. For clarity we often say ‘post-grazing residual’. Residue is dead plant material left on the soil surface. It is synonymous with litter or duff. Post-grazing residual is what we leave standing in the pasture following a grazing event. In the growing season in a temperate environment, the residual should be green and leafy. Leaving the appropriate residual largely determines the recovery rate of the pasture. The more green leaf residual, the faster plants regrow. Residue is the dead or soon-to-be-dead plant material at the bottom of the canopy and in contact with the soil surface. Residue decays from the bottom up to become incorporated into the soil organic fraction. Residual provides the regrowth base for the next grazing crop. Leaving the appropriate residue is an essential component for moderating soil temperature and building an effective water cycle. In a thinner pasture stand with low density of living plants we want to make sure the entire soil surface is covered with residue (litter). We always want to leave green leaves behind as well. Errors and residuals: In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "theoretical value". The error (or disturbance) of an observed value is the deviation of the observed value from the (unobservable) true value of a quantity of interest (for example, a population mean), and the residual of an observed value is the difference between the observed value and the estimated value of the quantity of interest (for example, a sample mean). The distinction is most important in regression analysis, where the concepts are sometimes called the regression errors and regression residuals and where they lead to the concept of studentized residuals.
