Refer VS Reference: reference n. I. Reference to someone or something is the act of talking about them or mentioning them. A reference is a particular example of this. a mention of something: Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to (= mentioning) weddings. I am writing with/in reference to (= in connection with) your letter of 15 March. He made no reference to any agreement. [+ to] ...a reference to a fictitious voyage by the buccaneer John Coxton. He summed up his philosophy, with reference to Calvin. An older woman asks "is black really better" referencing the penis size of the young man. A joke about "sex slaves" is briefly said when a character asks another about a situation being suspicious. This joke is referenced to again later in the movie by the same character. A woman touches the protagonist's arm in admiration to his physique then asks his girlfriend if he's truly "better" in a reference to 说的是, 指的是 his sexual performance. II. Reference is the act of consulting someone or something in order to get information or advice. This might be done without reference to Parliament. Please keep this sheet in a safe place for reference. III. Reference books 参考书 are ones that you look at when you need specific information or facts about a subject. There are several reference books which have been compiled to help you make your choice. ...a useful reference work for teachers. IV. 引用. A reference is a word, phrase, or idea which comes from something such as a book, poem, or play and which you use when making a point about something. ...a reference from the Quran. ...historical references. V. 索引号. A reference is something such as a number or a name that tells you where you can obtain the information you want. In a business letter, a number that tells you who to speak to or where to look for more information: In all future letters on this subject, please use/quote our reference JW/155/C. ...a map reference. Make a note of the reference number shown on the form. VI. 介绍信. A reference is a letter that is written by someone who knows you and which describes your character and abilities. When you apply for a job, an employer might ask for references. The firm offered to give her a reference (referral). VII. A reference is a person who gives you a reference, for example when you are applying for a job. [mainly US] regional note: in BRIT, usually use referee. verb. I. to mention a particular writer or piece of work. II. If you reference a particular book or writer, you make a precise reference to them in what you are saying or writing. to create a list of all the books that are mentioned in a piece of academic writing. His final scene is frequently referenced as one of the most memorable and frightening in cinema history. for future reference If you keep information for future reference, you keep it because it might be useful in the future. Read these notes carefully and keep them for future reference. with/in reference to: You use with reference to or in reference to in order to indicate what something relates to. I am writing with reference to your article on salaries for scientists. I'm calling in reference to your series on prejudice. cross-reference n. A cross-reference is a note in a book which tells you that there is relevant or more detailed information in another part of the book. Verb. If something such as a book is cross-referenced, cross-references are put in it. Nearly 2,300 plant lists have been checked and cross-referenced. ...an index of products and services which is cross-referenced to the supplying companies. frame of reference: A frame of reference is a particular set of beliefs or ideas on which you base your judgment of things. We know we're dealing with someone with a different frame of reference. point of reference: A point of reference is something which you use to help you understand a situation or communicate with someone. Do we still have any fixed point of reference in the teaching of English? terms of reference: Terms of reference are the instructions given to someone when they are asked to consider or investigate a particular subject, telling them what they must deal with and what they can ignore. The government has announced the terms of reference for its proposed committee of inquiry. [+ of]. refer I. 提及. 谈及. If you refer to a particular subject or person, you talk about them or mention them. We agreed never to refer to the matter 再也不提 again. Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to 说的是什么, 说的是谁. In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. The verb refer has several meanings. One of the meanings is synonymous with the phrase make reference to. The phrase is commonly used so the reader isn't confused (as they would possibly be if refer is used). Consider: Tom referred to a book. Tom made reference to a book. The second sentence unambiguously implies Tom alluded to the book, while the first could also mean Tom consulted the book. Saying 'make reference' is perfectly normal (and increasingly popular, I might add). In my opinion you shouldn't be worried about sounding "needlessly wordy 不必要的啰里啰嗦, 啰嗦". II. 称为. 称呼为. If you refer to someone or something as a particular thing, you use a particular word, expression, or name to mention or describe them. He likes to be referred to as 'Doctor Khee'. The hospital now refers to patients by name, not case number. Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend. [VERB + to] He simply referred to him as Ronnie. [V to n as n] Our economy is referred to as a free market. III. 指的是. 说的是. If a word refers to a particular thing, situation, or idea, it describes it in some way. The term electronics refers to electrically-induced action. [VERB + to]. If writing or information refers to someone or something, it relates to that person or thing. if a statement, number, report etc refers to someone or something, it is about that person or thing The figures refer to our sales in Europe. The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors 仅指, 仅仅和...有关. IV. 转给. If a person who is ill is referred to a hospital or a specialist, they are sent there by a doctor in order to be treated. Patients are mostly referred to hospital by their general practitioners. [be VERB-ed + to] The patient should be referred for tests immediately. V. If you refer a task or a problem 转介, 告诉. 转告为 to a person or an organization, you formally tell them about it, so that they can deal with it. He could refer the matter to the high court. [VERB noun + to]. refer somebody/something to somebody to send someone or something to a person or organization to be helped or dealt with My doctor is referring me to a dermatologist. My complaint was referred to the manufacturers. VI. If you refer someone to a person or organization, you send them there for the help they need. Now and then I referred a client to him. [VERB noun + to]. VII. If you refer to a book or other source of information, you look at it in order to find something out. He referred briefly to his notebook. [VERB + to]. VIII. If you refer someone to a source of information, you tell them the place where they will find the information which they need or which you think will interest them. Mr Bryan also referred me to a book by the American journalist Anthony Scaduto. [VERB noun + to]. refer somebody to something to tell someone where to find information Readers are referred to the bibliography for further information. A reader writes: I keep hearing the word reference used as a verb (usually in the past tense). Most recently it was on Morning Edition, when a reporter said something like "So and so referenced President Obama's concern about unemployment." It seems to me that the proper usage would be to say "So and so referred to President Obama's concern about unemployment." What say you about this? This is a terrific example of the evolution of language. Originally, 'reference' was only used as a noun, and the verb form, as the reader wrote, was 'refer to.' However, over time, its use as a verb has grown sufficiently that it has become largely accepted. I have to admit that 'reference,' the verb, doesn't bother me. I also freely admit that I am completely inconsistent in my opinions—I still hate the so-called verb, 'orientate,' for example. 区别: Refer alone means to receive recommendation. Doctor referred me to you means doctor recommended I see you. I'm referring to means you are trying to point out from what perspective. You look at two paintings and say god that's ugly. Guy says it's beautiful but then you say of I'm referring to 我说的是, 我指的是, 我的意思是指 the one next to it so you are guiding what you meant by adding to. Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. It is called a name for the second object. The second object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the referent of the first object. A name is usually a phrase or expression, or some other symbolic representation. Its referent may be anything – a material object, a person, an event, an activity, or an abstract concept.
References can take on many forms, including: a thought, a sensory perception that is audible (onomatopoeia), visual (text), olfactory, or tactile, emotional state, relationship with other, spacetime coordinate, symbolic or alpha-numeric, a physical object or an energy projection. In some cases, methods are used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography. References feature in many spheres of human activity and knowledge, and the term adopts shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used. Some of them are described in the sections below.
Movie - Get out: 1. Now I will control the motor function, so I'll be ... You'll be me. Good, good. You got it quick 理解的很快. Good on you. Why black people? Who knows? People want to change. Some people want to be stronger ... faster ... cooler. Black is in fashion. But please don't lump me in with that 混在一起, 混为一谈, you know I could give a shit what color you are. No, what I want is deeper. I want your eye, man. I want those things you see through. 2. Well, I can assure you there was no funny business. Allow me to explain. I lifted your cellular phone to wipe down the dresser... and it accidentally came undone. And rather than meddle with it further, I left it that way. How foolish of me. It's fine. I wasn't trying to snitch 打小报告, 告发, 告状. Snitch? Rat you out. Tattle tale. Oh, Don't you worry about that. I can assure you... I don't answer to anyone. 3. I know who you are. I am an admirer of your work. You have a great eye. Wait. Jim Hudson? Hudson Galleries? Believe me, the irony of being a blind art dealer, isn't lost on me. How'd you do it? My assistants describes the work to me in great detail. You've got something. The images you capture are so brutal, so melancholic ([mɛlənˈkɒlɪk] sadly pensive, esp about something yearned for. feeling or expressing pensive sadness. "his work often has a wistful or melancholic mood". suffering from or denoting a severe form of depression. "patients with melancholic depression". wistful [wɪstfʊl] 想要而不得所以伤心的 Someone who is wistful is rather sad because they want something and know that they cannot have it. I can't help feeling slightly wistful about the perks I'm giving up. [+ about] He has a wistful look. 'I wish I had a little brother,' said Daphne wistfully. I sensed her wistfulness when she talked about vacations her relatives took. pensive [pensɪv] 忧虑的 If you are pensive, you are thinking deeply about something, especially something that worries you slightly. He looked suddenly sombre, pensive. Angela stared pensively out of the window. ). Powerful stuff. I think. Thank you. I used to dabble ( If you dabble in something, you take part in it but not very seriously. He dabbled in business. [V + in/with/at] ...a designer who dabbled with digital imagery. Magicians do not dabble, they work hard. ) myself. Wilderness mostly. I have submitted to "Nat Geo" 14 times before I realizing I didn't have the eye. I began dealing and then of course my vision went to shit. I know. Life can be a sick joke. One day you're developing prints in the dark room, the next day you wake up in the dark. Genetic disease. Shit ain't fair, man. - Oh you've got that right, shit ain't fair. 4. pendulum [ˈpendʒələm] 钟摆 [countable] a long thin bar with a weight at the lower end that swings from side to side, usually in order to keep a clock working. the pendulum (of something) used for talking about the tendency of an opinion or situation to change from one position or condition to its opposite. The pendulum has swung back in favor of stricter penalties. Fair skin has been in favor for the past what, couple of hundreds of years... But now the pendulum has swung back 五十年河东五十年河西. Black is in fashion. 5. doggone = damb adj. used to express feelings of annoyance, surprise, or pleasure. People sometimes use doggone to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are annoyed. [US, informal, emphasis] "The doggone business just keeps on deteriorating," says Larry Neihart, president of the Diesel Workers Union. "now just a doggone minute". v. damn; darn (used to express surprise, irritation, or anger). "from that moment, doggone it if I didn't see a motivation in Joey!". The girl is mine The doggone girl is mine I know she's mine Because the doggone girl is mine. She is lovely isn't she? Rose? Yes, she is. One of a kind. Top of the line. A real doggone keeper. 6. A jump scare 吓一跳 is a technique often used in horror films and video games, intended to scare the audience by surprising them with an abrupt change in image or event, usually co-occurring with a loud, frightening sound. Common in film since the 1980s, the jump scare has been described as "one of the most basic building blocks of horror movies". Jump scares can surprise the viewer by appearing at a point in the film where the soundtrack is quiet and the viewer is not expecting anything alarming to happen, or can be the sudden payoff to a long period of suspense. Some critics have described jump scares as a lazy way to frighten viewers, and believe that the horror genre has undergone a decline in recent years following an over-reliance on the trope, establishing it as a cliché of modern horror films. A deer hits a moving car and dies. Its body is seen on the side of the road. It is more used as a jump scare.
deli: 1. A delicatessen or deli is a retail establishment that sells a selection of fine, unusual or foreign prepared foods ("delicacies"). In most of Australia, the term "delicatessen" retains its European meaning of high-quality, expensive foods and stores. Large supermarket chains often have a deli department, and independent delicatessens exist throughout the country. Both types of deli offer a variety of cured meats, sausages, pickled vegetables, dips, breads and olives. 2. "Deli" also denotes a small convenience store or milk bar in Western Australia, New South Wales and South Australia, and some businesses use "deli" as part of their business name. Traditional delicatessens also exist in these states, with "continental delicatessen" sometimes used to indicate the European version. In Australia, a milk bar is a suburban local general store or café. Similar terms include tuck shops, delicatessens or "delis", and corner shops or corner stores (although by definition these are different establishments). Milk bars are traditionally a place where people pick up newspapers, and fast-food items like fish and chips and hamburgers, and where people can purchase milkshakes and snacks. They are essentially a smaller scale suburban form of the Convenience Store but are more likely to be "Mum and Pop" small business and not larger franchised operations.
Used to ( 单独使用作为过去式的时候: used: [ˈjuːzd] use ['ju:z], 在used to 里 [ˈjust tu] ) 的各种用法 - Negative: didn't use to: We use used to when we refer to things in the past which are no longer true. It can refer to repeated actions or to a state or situation: He used to play football for the local team, but he’s too old now. That white house over there used to belong to my family. (It belonged to my family in the past, but not any more.). Warning: In statements, the form used to does not change. We do not use the verb be before it. It always refers to past time: We used to go to the seaside every summer when I was a kid. Not:
I was groped on the tram, and it wasn't the first time it's happened: Like many of Melbourne's 4.8 million residents, I take public transport to work every day. Anyone who has ever spent time commuting during peak hour knows how crowded it can be. We pack ourselves into every available nook and cranny ( If you talk about every nook and cranny of a place or situation, you mean every part or every aspect of it. Boxes are stacked in every nook and cranny at the factory. ...Cole's vast knowledge of the nooks and crannies of British politics. [+ of] ) on trains, trams and buses until we can barely breathe. We may not know our fellow passengers' names, but we can tell what they ate for breakfast. Our daily commute should be nothing more than a mild inconvenience. But too often, it's so much worse for half the population. I stepped onto the 86 tram on a recent morning on my way to the office. As usual, it was Sardine Land. I was packed in right next to the door, with two of the vertical poles in front of my chest. I grasped 抓住 the one directly in front of my left hand while the well-dressed businessman packed in at my right held 抓住 the other. As soon as the tram started to move, I noticed his hand inch up 一点点靠近, 一点点接近 the handle closer to my breast. This made me slightly uncomfortable, but I figured he was simply tightening his grip 抓得更紧. After all, we were about to head uphill and it gets bumpy 颠簸. The tram started making its way up the hill. People were being jostled around and forced to tighten their grips to maintain balance 保持身体平衡. Suddenly, I felt the back of a finger slowly and deliberately slide over 划过, 滑过 my nipple. I looked over at the man standing to my right, the only possible culprit. With a slight smirk on his face, he inched his hand slightly higher onto the pole so it was now right in front of my breast, acting like he was simply getting a better grip to avoid falling over. I was too shocked to speak. I didn't feel like I could say anything. While it was clear to me that it was a deliberate act 故意的行为, it was perhaps just subtle enough to anyone around us that he could easily claim inadvertent [ˌɪnədˈvɜrt(ə)ntli] 无意的, 不小心的 contact due to overcrowding. All I wanted to do was get away from him, but it was too crowded to even turn my body away. All I could do was lean my upper body as far away from his hand as possible so he couldn't casually assault me again. My move to get away from him elicited 招致 glares 怒视 and dramatic sighs from my fellow passengers until I disembarked at the next stop. This is not an isolated incident. I have experienced all manner of vile things in my time taking public transport in this city over the past decade. I have watched a man leer at women on the bus while rubbing his crotch and groaning. I have witnessed several men sit next to isolated young ladies on public transport when there were other seats available and watch hardcore porn with the sound on. My rear end has been groped and slapped as I stepped through the crowd many times. I have felt a wet spot on the back of my jeans where a man has ejaculated on me while I stood in front of him on a crowded train. More recently, I have been forced to follow a crowd off a tram before my actual stop because I was being stalked by a strange man, praying nothing would happen if I stayed with other people. The recent death of Aiia Maasarwe struck a chord with 引起共鸣 so many women in our city because we understand the risk we take by simply going about our daily lives. We know there's a pretty fair chance that we'll get harassed or assaulted in some way on public transport, and we know that no precautions "for your safety" will make a difference. We also know we can't always rely on someone coming to our aid, and we're worried about the potential backlash we may experience if we say anything. I'm sick of feeling unsafe, and I'm tired of seeing women dismissed just because they had the courage to defend themselves against abuse. What if the woman speaking out was someone you loved? Would you talk about all of the "good guys" out there, or would you offer her comfort and support? Before you bring out the pitchforks, I'm not blaming all men for this. The few who commit these crimes know what they're doing is wrong, and I'm sure the rest would stand up if they saw something happening. The point is that too often these assaults go unseen. They can be so discreet 隐秘的, 小心的 or fleeting 短暂的 that even if there's time to act, it can be hard for women to feel empowered to speak up. These little instances of abuse seem to have become so routine in our lives that we simply grin and bear it 挺过去, 忍着, 学会忍耐, 受着, 笑纳, 一笑置之( If you grin and bear it, you accept a difficult or unpleasant situation without complaining because you know there is nothing you can do to make things better. They cannot stand the sight of each other, but they will just have to grin and bear it.). I didn't feel like I could turn around and explain to my fellow tram passengers that I was leaning closer to avoid getting groped again. I felt powerless.
