用法学习: 1. What makes you better than other people? Don't scold me! What makes you so special? Why do you think you are better than other people? Why do you think you can be arrogant with people? Don't talk with me like that! Who do you think you are? Do you think you are talking to a worthless 一无是处的, 一文不值的 person? Get lost! Whom do you think you are talking to?How can you criticize me so much? You're so vain 你太恶劣了. You can't talk to me like that! The world doesn't revolve around you 地球不是围着你转的. Get out of my face! Why are you yelling?Do you think the world revolves around you? I don't have to explain anything to you! Do you think you are the center of the universe? Do you think you are cleverer than other people? Where have you been? It's none of your business! You think you're pretty smart, don't you? How can you talk like that to your little sister? You think you're so smart? You are an obnoxious and impudent ( not showing due respect for another person; impertinent. "he could have strangled this impudent upstart". ) person. Are you done taunting me? You are a smart-ass. Who are you to lecture me? You are a smart aleck. Don't overstep your bounds. You annoy me. Can you stop complaining? You grate on me. Do you need to call me every fifteen minutes? You grate on my nerves. You get on my nerves. 2. Don't forget to comply with the norms of proper behavior. Mommy, I'm ready to go to the party. Well, Johnny, have fun. And remember your manners 记住要有礼貌. Don't forget to say appropriate polite words and behave. Betty, take a cookie. Mind your manners. Yes, mommy, I remember to say thanks. Behave maturely and show good manners. You are going to the party tonight. There will be many other children there. Act like a gentleman. At the party, don't run around, don't cry, don't eat too many sweets. Act like a lady. Don't behave like a little child. Billy, don't tease the dog. Act your age. Bobby, look at your scratched knees and dirty clothes! Why can't you behave? When will you learn? Wrap up 收起来 whatever you're doing now. It's bedtime. It's past your bedtime. 3. I want to try this dress on for size 试试大小. There is a mirror over there. I'd like to try this suit on. The fitting rooms are over there. The women’s fitting room is located near to the escalator. Where is the fitting room 试衣间? Do you have this in a larger size? Yes, we do. Here, try it on. Do you have this in a smaller size? It looks like we don't have that in your size. Do you have this in red? Yes, we do. Do you need anything else to go with that? Do you have a blouse to match this skirt? How about this one? It's a perfect match. Is there anything else I can help you with? When are you open 几点开门? What are the hours when your store is open? We're open from 8 AM till 6 PM. What are your hours? We‘re open 8am to 6pm. What time do you open? At what hour do you open your store in the morning? We open at 8 a.m. When do you open your store in the morning? The store opens at 8 o'clock in the morning. How late are you open today? At what hour are you going to close your store in the evening? We are open till 6 p.m. When do you close today? When do you close your store in the evening? We close at 6 o'clock in the evening. Are you open after six? No, we are not. The store closes at 6 p.m. Are you open on weekends? Yes, we are open on weekends. Are you open on Sunday? No, we are not. The store is closed on Sunday. Where is your store? The store is located at 23 Main Avenue in Ocean City. We are located at the intersection of Main Avenue and California Street. What is your street address? Our street address is 23 Main Avenue. What is the cross street? The cross street is California. 4. Do you carry low-fat milk? Dairy products are in the aisle number eight. Where is ice cream? There is a large refrigerator on the other side of the store. Please look there. Where will I find apples? Apples are in the produce department. Can you tell me where I can find cheese? You can find cheese in the dairy section. In what aisle is coffee? Coffee is located in the aisle number twelve. What aisle is candy in? Candy can be found at various places in the store and near to the checkout counters. Where is women's wear 女装? Do you see the sign in the middle of the store? It's there. Where is ladies' wear? Ladies' wear is the largest department in our store. It takes the entire first floor. Where is men's wear? Men's wear is between children's wear and home appliances. Where are the children's clothes? Boys' wear and girls' wear are located on the opposite side of the store. Where is the shoe department? Where is furniture? 5. I have excellent vision 视力很好. Can you see that house on the top of the hill? It's pretty far away. When you drive, do you see the road without eyewear well? Yes, I do. I have good eyesight." I've got a good eye for color. Can you easily see the three colored lights of the traffic light? My cousin is a good driver, but he has to wear a pair of very thick eyeglasses. He can't see a thing without his glasses. He does not see well. He even can't walk straight without his eyewear. He is blind as a bat. Talk louder if you want our grandfather to understand you. He is suffering a hearing loss. I don't think he heard you. He is stone deaf 十足的聋子. You have to shout loudly to make him hear at all. He is deaf as a post. Your child won the musical contest. How did you like his performance? I am really embarrassed by your question. I don't have an ear for music. The performance of this musician is a display of exquisite technique and fastidious ( very attentive to and concerned about accuracy and detail. She dressed with fastidious care. ) taste. Unfortunately, I can't fully appreciate his virtuosity. I'm tone-deaf. That noise is deafening 震耳欲聋的. The neighbor is mowing his lawn. My ears are ringing. Why is this rock group so loud? Are they trying to wake the dead? The forest is calm. There is not a breath of wind. It is so quiet you can hear a pin drop. I washed our shower room with a disinfectant. Is there a gas leak? Do you smell it? What smells? It seems like a skunk came into our backyard last night. What's that smell? I spilled some gasoline. What's that fragrance? It's the perfume you gave me as a birthday present. What's that aroma? It's my morning coffee. What's the scent 清香 香气(I. [COUNTABLE] a particular smell, especially a pleasant one. an apple with a rich flavour and scent. The sweet fresh scent of newly baked bread filled the house. a. [COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE] the smell that an animal or person has, which some animals can follow. pick up a scent 体味 (=start to follow a scent): Police tracker dogs picked up the man's scent in the forest. be on the scent (=be following a smell): The dogs were soon on the fox's scent. II. [COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE] a liquid that people, especially women, put on their skin to make themselves smell nice. III. [COUNTABLE] [USUALLY SINGULAR] a series of facts and signs that help someone to discover something. The police were following a false scent. the first scent of suspicion. the scent of something a feeling that a new situation is going to happen. the scent of victory (=the feeling that you are going to be successful): The scent of victory was in the air. throw/put someone off the scent to do something to try to prevent someone from discovering the truth. Detectives were thrown off the scent after evidence was destroyed. )? Roses are in full bloom in our garden now. What's that odor? It could be hay. The neighbor mowed his lawn this morning. Smell it. I think natural gas is leaking from the gas stove. What do you think? Sniff 吸一口气, 吸一吸鼻子 this. It's a night fragrance of wild flowers. Take a whiff of this. It's the aroma of freshly baked bread. Get a whiff of this. It's an odor of cooking. It smells like bacon and eggs. That smells! Farmers are fertilizing their fields around our town. That smells! The odor is rather unpleasant.
aroma (嗅觉加味觉感受, 尤其是制作过程中的香味) VS fragrance (清新的)香气(纯粹的嗅觉, 花香, 香水香, 等香甜的感觉) VS smell VS odor VS scent VS perfumed( pleasant to smell because perfume has been added or used. perfumed soap/candles/powder. a. mainly literary pleasant to smell because of natural qualities. perfumed fruits 香甜的. ): 1. Fragrance is usually only used to refer to a sweet smell, such as those of flowers, perfumes, and sometimes some food items. Aroma tends to be used for less sweet smells. e.g. You could say that mushrooms have an earthy aroma - you would usually not refer to them as being fragrant. Both words have their similarities as well as subtle differences. For a start, both words describe pleasant smells, with "fragrance" defining a sweet pleasant smell. "Fragrance" is the pleasant scent of something, but "aroma" is something that encompasses more than a pleasant smell. Something that is aromatic gives off a distinct pleasant odour and can also tantalise our taste buds. As an example, when we stand beside a batch of roasted coffee beans, we know the smell is emanating from coffee beans as we recognise its fragrance. After ordering a cuppa, we sit down and allow the smell to waft into our nostrils before taking a sip. The taste of the coffee could be acidic, smoky, fruity or floral. The smell and the delicious taste of the coffee makes up its aroma. That is why we hear people commenting on the "fragrance" of a cologne or rose but others enjoy the aroma of coffee or tea. A fragrance is a odor that is multilevel and has many different facets and is usually referring to something pleasant smelling. Examples could be the fragrance coming from a bouquet of flowers or the fragrance of shampoo. An aroma is an odor that is usually emitted while something is being done which created the odor. Examples could be the aroma of coffee while a coffee pot is brewing and the of a loaf of bread being baked would be an aroma. Even the odor of a dead animal decomposing would be referred to as an aroma over fragrant because the body is in the act of decaying. Fragrance: A fragrance is simply the unit of smell or the scent of something. When you smell something, fragrance enables you to say, "Oh, that smells like coffee." When referencing coffee specifically, dry coffee grounds have fragrance. Add water to the coffee and Shazam!—You now have aroma. Aroma: The aroma of something is more encompassing. It's not just scent. It's also the flavor 风味 and mouthfeel 口感. Though they are similar in some aspects, fragrance and aroma are different, especially when revealed during a cupping. Fragrance vs. Aroma: Scent, or fragrance, is processed one way through our noses. Aroma is processed two ways through our nose as well as retro-nasally. Retronasal is when a smell is first processed via your taste buds. When you slurp coffee, the aromas then drift up and the smell receptors in your nose add the scent to the flavor to produce an aromatic profile. During cupping, it's important to document what you experience in both fragrance and aroma. We do this because some attributes of the coffee can be present and strong before we brew it and disappear when brewed, and vice versa. emanate [ˈeməˌneɪt]: I. 散发出来的. 飘散着. If a quality emanates from you, or if you emanate a quality, you give people a strong sense that you have that quality. [formal]. warmth emanated from the fireplace. she felt an undeniable charm emanating from him. Intelligence and cunning emanated from him. He emanates sympathy. II. If something emanates from somewhere, it comes from there. The heady aroma of wood fires emanated from the stove. ...reports emanating from America. When you use the word emanate, you're usually talking about lights, sounds, or unseen forces coming out of a specific source. If you hear creepy sounds emanating from an old house, that might mean it's haunted. Emanate derives from the Latin e- 'out' and manare to flow. We have spent a lot of time over the course of the last two days talking about how to maintain a free and open Indo-Pacific," Pompeo said. "That emanates from a lot of places - certainly China poses concerns there." Bishop said her AUSMIN talks confirmed "the US is very clear-eyed 心知肚明的 about Russia's behaviour", despite last week's controversial closed-door meeting between Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin. 2. Pungency(pungent [ˈpʌndʒənt] 辣味. 刺鼻气味, 刺鼻味道 I. a pungent taste or smell is very strong and sharp. II. pungent comments or remarks criticize something in a direct and effective way.) is the condition of having a strong, sharp smell or flavor that is often so strong that it is unpleasant. For example, the pungent smell of a dirty animal. Pungency is the technical term used by scientists to refer to the characteristic of food commonly referred to as spiciness or hotness and sometimes heat, which is found in foods such as chili peppers. The term piquancy 下饭的, 引起食欲的 ([ˈpiːkənsi] piquant [piːkənt , -kɑːnt] adj. I. Food that is piquant has a pleasantly spicy taste. [written] ...a crisp mixed salad with an unusually piquant dressing. A little mustard is served on the side to add further piquancy. II. Something that is piquant is interesting and exciting. [written] There may well have been a piquant novelty about her books when they came out. ) is sometimes applied to foods with a lower degree of pungency that are "agreeably stimulating to the palate [pælɪt] 刺激味蕾(I. Your palate is the top part of the inside of your mouth. II. You can refer to someone's palate as a way of talking about their ability to judge good food or drink. ...fresh pasta sauces to tempt more demanding palates. ...a discerning palate 嘴屌, 瞒不过的, 对味道敏感的.)." Examples of piquant food include mustard and curry. The terms "pungent" ([ˈpʌndʒənt] (About this sound listen)) and "pungency" are rarely used in colloquial speech but are preferred by scientists as they eliminate the potential ambiguity arising from use of the words "hot" and "spicy", which can also refer to temperature and the presence of spices, respectively. 味道: Of the three chemical senses, smell is the main determinant of a food item's flavor. Five basic tastes – sweet, sour, bitter, salty and umami (savory: I. pleasant to smell or taste. a deliciously savory aroma. II. [usually in negatives] morally or socially good. one of the less savory areas of the city. III. mainly British tasting of salt or spices and not sweet. ) are universally recognized, although some cultures also include pungency and oleogustus ("fattiness"). The number of food smells is unbounded; a food's flavor, therefore, can be easily altered by changing its smell while keeping its taste similar. 3. fragrant adj. 芳香的 having a pleasing scent: a fragrant rose. fragrance, aroma, bouquet, perfume, redolence, scent (芳香的, 香味扑鼻的. scented) These nouns denote a pleasant or sweet odor: the fragrance of lilacs; the aroma of sizzling bacon; the bouquet of a fine wine; the perfume of roses; the redolence of fresh coffee; the scent of newly mown hay. stench, fetor, malodor, reek, stink: These nouns denote a penetrating, objectionable odor: the stench of burning rubber; the fetor of polluted waters; the malodor of diesel fumes; the reek of stale sweat; a stink of decayed flesh. wiki: Odors are also called scents, which can refer to both pleasant and unpleasant odors. The terms fragrance, scent, and aroma [ə'rəumə] 香气, 香味, 芳香 are used primarily by the food and cosmetic industry to describe a pleasant odor, and are sometimes used to refer to perfumes. In contrast, malodor, stench, reek, and stink 臭味, 恶臭 ( stench I. A strong, foul odor; a stink. II. A foul quality: the stench of corrupt government. ) are used specifically to describe unpleasant odors. In the United Kingdom, "odour" refers to scents in general. In the United States, "odor" has a more negative connotation, such as "stench" or "stink"; "scent" or "aroma" are used for pleasant smells. Odor intensity 味道浓度 can be expressed using an odor intensity scale, which is a verbal description of an odor sensation to which a numerical value is assigned. Odor intensity can be divided into the following categories according to intensity: 0 - no odor, 1 - very weak (odor threshold), 2 - weak, 3 - distinct, 4 - strong, 5 - very strong, 6 - intolerable. 4. A sachet [ˈsæʃeɪ] 香囊, 香袋 is a small cloth scented bag filled with herbs, potpourri, or aromatic ingredients. A sachet is also a small porous ( [ˈpɔrəs] I. 满是洞洞的. a porous substance has a lot of very small holes in it so that air and water can pass through it. Something that is porous has many small holes in it, which water and air can pass through. The local limestone is very porous. II. [mainly journalism] not effective in preventing people from attacking or escaping. If something such as a defence or a barrier is porous, it can be penetrated or crossed easily. Mr Balaguer is deploying more soldiers along his country's porous 漏洞百出的 border with Haiti. Once a tough defensive team, the Saints now have the most porous defence in the league. a porous border/defense. ) bag or packet containing a material intended to interact with its atmosphere; for example, desiccants (desiccant [ˈdɛsɪk(ə)nt] a hygroscopic substance used as a drying agent. "natural desiccants cause fleas to dehydrate and die".) are usually packed in sachets which are then placed in larger packages. A sachet can be defined as a small soft bag containing perfumed or sweet-smelling items also referred to as an ascent bag, scent bag, sweet bag, sachet bag, sachet de senteurs, spiced sachet, potpourri sachet, scented sachet, perfume cushion, smelling cushion, scented cushion, fragrant bag, pomander and "dream pillow." Potpourri [ˌpoupuˈriː] 干花 is a mixture of dried, naturally fragrant plant material, used to provide a gentle natural scent, commonly in residential settings. It is often placed in a decorative bowl or tied in small sachet made from sheer fabric. The word "potpourri" comes into English from the French word pot-pourri. The French term has two connotations. It is the French name for a Spanish stew with a wide variety of ingredients called "olla podrida", a specialty of the town of Burgos. The word was taken and copied by the French military during the Napoleonic occupation of Burgos (1808-1813). The word pot in French has the same meaning as it does in Spanish and English, while the word pourri means rotten. 5. 短句: a. In late autumn when the fruit changes colour to yellow with hard, strongly perfumed 水果香味的, 有香味的 flesh 果肉. b. The public's not going to know whether it's true or whether it isn't, and even if it's not true, there is so much of it that there is an aroma, there is a stink around 有说好的, 有说坏的, 众说纷纭 my handling the case. 6. aromatic [ˌærəˈmætɪk] 有香味的, 有香气的 an aromatic plant, substance, or food smells especially good. aromatic herbs/leaves/soap. aroma [əˈroumə] a smell that is strong but pleasant. the aroma of bread baking. aromatherapy [əˌrouməˈθerəpi] a health treatment in which oils with a nice smell are rubbed into your skin to make you feel relaxed. Someone who is trained to do aromatherapy is called an aromatherapist. Aromatherapy massage is a popular item on a spa's menu. In this type of treatment, fragrant therapeutic essential oils 精油(An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile (easily evaporated at normal temperatures) aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetherolea, or simply as the oil of the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. An essential oil is "essential" in the sense that it contains the "essence of" the plant's fragrance—the characteristic fragrance of the plant from which it is derived.) are used to activate healing properties in your body. Whether you need to relax, ease muscle tension, or clear out the remnants of a cold, essential oil added to a carrier oil can help alleviate most symptoms. The next time you're traveling and pop into an upscale spa, opt for an aromatherapy massage for a special spin on the traditional rub-down.
