用法学习: 1. 女孩穿leggings: She described being 'confronted' with young women wearing leggings, while out with her family at mass. "They're such an unforgiving ( I. If you describe someone as unforgiving, you mean that they are unwilling to forgive other people. He was an unforgiving man who never forgot a slight. He finds human foibles endearing, but is unforgiving of pretension. II. If you describe a situation or activity as unforgiving, you mean that it causes a lot of people to experience great difficulty or failure, even people who deserve to succeed. Business is a competitive activity. It is very fierce and very unforgiving 不留余地的, 不留情面的. ) garment. Last fall, they obtruded ( obtrude [ɒbtruːd] 扎眼 to be noticeable, or to attract attention to something, in a way that is not pleasant or welcome. When something obtrudes or when you obtrude it, it becomes noticeable in an undesirable way. A 40 watt bulb would be quite sufficient and would not obtrude. Gertrude now clearly felt that she had obtruded her sorrow. He didn't want to obtrude on her privacy. obtrusive [ɒbtruːsɪv] 辣眼睛的, 引人注目的, 扎眼的, 引人瞩目的 adj If you say that someone or something is obtrusive, you think they are noticeable in an unpleasant way. 'You are rude and obtrusive, Mr Galbraith,' said Tommy. These heaters are less obtrusive and are easy to store away in the summer. Hawke got up and walked obtrusively out of the building. ) painfully on my landscape," she wrote. "Some of them truly looked as though the leggings had been painted on them. "I thought of all the other men around and behind us who couldn't help but see their behinds. My sons know better than to ogle 死盯着, 色眯眯的盯着 a woman's body — certainly when I'm around. Leggings are so naked, so form fitting, so exposing. Could you think of the mothers of sons the next time you go shopping and consider choosing jeans instead?" White's letter did not go down well with students, who argued their choice of clothing should not be policed and women should be free to wear what they want. 4. A wheelbarrow race 抬着腿跑, 抓着别人腿跑的游戏 is a competitive game in which teams of two players race with one teammate playing the role of the driver, and the other playing the role of the wheelbarrow. The driver holds on to the other player's ankles, while the other player walks with his hands. TV Show - Condor: They got hit today. All dead. Totally liquidation 全歼灭(I. a. the process of terminating the affairs of a business firm, etc, by realizing its assets to discharge its liabilities. b. the state of a business firm, etc, having its affairs so terminated (esp in the phrase to go into liquidation). II. destruction; elimination. ). liquidate [lɪkwɪdeɪt] I. 资产清算. To liquidate a company is to close it down and sell all its assets, usually because it is in debt. A unanimous vote was taken to liquidate the company. The company went into liquidation. The number of company liquidations rose 11 per cent. II. If a company liquidates its assets, its property such as buildings or machinery is sold in order to get money. The company closed down operations and began liquidating its assets in January. III. If someone in a position of power liquidates people who are causing problems, they get rid of them, usually by killing them. They have not hesitated in the past to liquidate 歼灭 their rivals. I'm studying primary school teaching 上师范.
文莱法律事件: unforgiving ( I. If you describe someone as unforgiving, you mean that they are unwilling to forgive other people. He was an unforgiving man who never forgot a slight. He finds human foibles endearing, but is unforgiving of pretension. II. If you describe a situation or activity as unforgiving, you mean that it causes a lot of people to experience great difficulty or failure, even people who deserve to succeed. Business is a competitive activity. It is very fierce and very unforgiving 不留余地的, 不留情面的. punishing [pʌnɪʃɪŋ] ( taxing, demanding, grinding ) A punishing schedule, activity, or experience requires a lot of physical effort and makes you very tired or weak. It was a punishing schedule for any man, but Fox was now fifty-seven. Besides diets, he devised punishing exercise routines. punitive [pjuːnɪtɪv] 惩戒性的, 惩罚性的 Punitive actions are intended to punish people. relating to or causing punishment or great difficulty. punitive taxes/tariffs/laws. ...a punitive bombing raid. Other economists say any punitive measures against foreign companies would hurt U.S. interests. damages 各种赔偿损失:
To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has
caused foreseeable loss. To be recognised at law, the loss must involve
damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is
rarely recognised for the award of damages. Compensatory damages are
further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such
as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general
damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and
emotional distress.[3] Rather than being compensatory, at common law
damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary. Compensatory damages 经济损失
are paid to compensate the claimant for loss, injury, or harm suffered
as a result of (see requirement of causation) another's breach of duty.
(e.g., in a negligence claim under tort law). Expectation damages 预期损失 are used in contract law. punitive damages = exemplary 赔偿损失 ( punitive damages (non-compensatory) )(Generally, punitive damages, which are also termed exemplary damages in the United Kingdom, are not awarded in order to compensate the plaintiff,
but in order to reform or deter the defendant and similar persons from
pursuing a course of action such as that which damaged the plaintiff.
Punitive damages are awarded only in special cases where conduct was
egregiously insidious and are over and above the amount of compensatory
damages, such as in the event of malice or intent. Some jurisdictions
recognize a form of damages, called, aggravated damages,
that are similar to punitive or exemplary damages. Aggravated damages
are not often awarded; they apply where the injury has been aggravated
by the wrongdoer's behaviour, for example, their cruelty. ) extra money that a court of law makes someone pay for causing harm to someone. Punitive damages are also known as exemplary damages.
Punitive damages, or exemplary damages, are damages assessed in order
to punish the defendant for outrageous conduct and/or to reform or deter
the defendant and others from engaging in conduct similar to that which
formed the basis of the lawsuit. Although the purpose of punitive damages is not to compensate the plaintiff, the plaintiff will receive all or some of the punitive damages award. Punitive damages are often awarded if compensatory damages are deemed an inadequate remedy. The court may impose them to prevent undercompensation of plaintiffs and to allow redress for undetectable torts and taking some strain away from the criminal justice system. Punitive damages are most important for violations of the law that are hard to detect. Penal damages 法律性的损失 are liquidated damages which exceed reasonable compensatory damages,
making them invalid under common law. While liquidated damage clauses
set a pre-agreed value on the expected loss to one party if the other
party were to breach the contract, penal damages go further and seek to
penalise the breaching party beyond the reasonable losses from the
breach. Many clauses which are found to be penal are expressed as
liquidated damages clauses but have been seen by courts as excessive and
thus invalid. Penal damages are to be distinguished from punitive damages, which are awarded in certain types of tort actions for actions which caused harm to the plaintiff. Penal damages are also different from treble damages, which are generally set by statute for certain violations of competition law and related laws. penal [piːnəl] 惩治的 I. Penal means relating to the punishment of criminals. a penal sum 罚款. ..director-general of penal affairs at the justice ministry. ...penal and legal systems. Anyone found guilty of the offenses will be stoned to death, according to a new penal code
based on Sharia law, an Islamic legal system that outlines strict
corporal punishments. The strict new laws were announced by the Sultan
of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, in 2014 and have been rolled out gradually in the small nation on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.. II. A penal institution or colony is one where criminals are kept as punishment. ...imprisoned on an island that has served as a penal colony since Roman times. A criminal code (or penal code)
is a document which compiles all, or a significant amount of, a
particular jurisdiction's criminal law. Typically a criminal code will
contain offences which are recognised in the jurisdiction, penalties
which might be imposed for these offences and some general provisions (such as definitions and prohibitions on retroactive prosecution). Penal populism is a process whereby the major political parties compete with each other to be "tough on crime". It is generally associated with a public perception that crime is out of control and tends to manifest at general elections when politicians put forward hard-line policies
which would remand more offenders into prison prior to sentencing and
impose longer sentences. Penal populism generally reflects the
disenchantment felt by a distinct segment of society — crime victims and
their representatives — who believe they have been left out, or simply
forgotten, by justice processes which focus on the offender. It leads to
the pursuit of penal policies designed to win votes rather than reduce crime or promote justice. Punitive populism
refers to the idea that public support for more severe criminal justice
policies (most specifically incarceration) has become a primary driver
of policy making, as well as of political election cycles, with the
result of increasingly harsh punishments regardless of their ability to
reduce crime or redress its known correlates. This entry explores the
concept of punitive populism, discusses its history in the United States
and other countries, and analyzes some of its effects on criminal
justice policies and social responses to crime. 演变: In 1995 Sir Anthony
coined the term 'populist punitiveness' to describe one of the key influences which he saw at work on contemporary criminal justice and penal systems. It was intended to convey the notion of politicians tapping into and using for their own purposes, what he believed to be the public's generally punitive stance towards anyone committing crime. The term changed to 'penal populism' when Julian V. Roberts of Oxford University stated that 'penal populists allow the electoral advantage of a policy to take precedence over its penal effectiveness." Brunei: The country does not hold elections, but any discontent is assuaged ( [əsweɪdʒ] I. 平息. 安抚. 劝服. If you assuage an unpleasant feeling that someone has, you make them feel it less strongly. The
announcement appeared designed to assuage concerns at home and abroad.
She was just trying to assuage her guilt by playing the devoted mother. II. 压制. 克制. If you assuage a need or desire for something, you satisfy it. The meat they'd managed to procure assuaged their hunger. ) with generous government polices including zero taxes, subsidised housing, and free healthcare and education.
侵占别人空间intrude (obtrude 扎眼) VS encroach VS overhang VS spill over: 1. intrusive [ɪnˈtruː.sɪv]( probing 刨根问底的: Probing is asking follow-up questions when we do not fully understand a response, when answers are vague or ambiguous or when we want to obtain more specific or in-depth information. Probing questions are, in essence, followup questions that ask for additional information, request the person expand on what she has said, or ask the person to go deeper. Using probing questions can be helpful in increasing understanding, since most people need to be encouraged to go beyond what they have said to help someone understand their deeper feelings, and opinions. Probes cannot be easily planned in advance. It is impossible to know what issue the person might raise and how you might need to probe to learn more. However, it is helpful to be familiar with probing and some general ways to probe.) affecting someone in a way that annoys them and makes them feel uncomfortable. Something that is intrusive disturbs your mood or your life in a way you do not like. The cameras were not an intrusive presence. Staff are courteous but never intrusive. intrusive questioning. intrusive lighting. I. 打破寂静的. 打扰别人的. 干扰别人生活的. interrupting a peaceful situation intrusive noise/lights/tourists. II. becoming involved in something in a way that is not welcome I found their question quite intrusive. intrusive press photographers. intrude I. to become involved in a situation in a way that is not welcome to other people, for example by getting involved in their private lives. I was very concerned about her, but I didn't want to intrude. intrude into/on/upon: Civil Rights campaigners say the new laws will intrude on people's personal freedom. II. to enter a place where you are not allowed to go. intrude into 侵犯隐私, 侵犯空间: One of their planes intruded into our airspace. 2. encroach [ɪnˈkrəutʃ,ɛn-]
I. intrude on (a person's territory, rights, personal life, etc.). to
intrude unrightfully on someone else's rights or territory. "rather than encroach on his privacy she might have kept to her room". to gradually take something such as power or authority from someone else. encroach on/upon: The federal government is encroaching on a state issue. to gradually reduce the amount of time that someone has available to do what they want to do. encroach on/upon 侵蚀, 侵占: I didn't want work to encroach 占去业余时间 (encroach one's space) any more on my spare time. If one thing encroaches on another, the first thing spreads or becomes stronger, and slowly begins to restrict the power, range, or effectiveness of the second thing. I knew that unless work encroached upon my family time, no work could get done. The new institutions do not encroach on political power. The movie industry had chosen to ignore the encroaching competition of television. II. advance gradually beyond usual or acceptable limits. "the sea has encroached all round the coast". III. to cover more land gradually. If something encroaches on a place, it spreads and takes over more and more of that place. The rhododendrons encroached ever more on the twisting drive. I turned into the dirt road and followed it through encroaching trees 挡路的 and bushes. encroach on/upon: Housing developments continue to encroach 侵占空间 on wildlife habitats. 3. 坐飞机被俩胖子夹在中间: Man sues British Airways after being made to sit next to overweight passenger:
A customer is suing British Airways, claiming he suffered back injuries
after he was forced to sit next to an obese passenger and crushed against the side of the plane
during a 13-hour flight. Stephen Prosser, 51, described the passenger
sitting next to him as being about 196cm tall and weighing about 145kg.
Mr Prosser said being wedged between 被夹在中间 the wall of the plane and the large passenger,
who was in the middle seat, during the flight from Bangkok to London.
Since then, he has suffered nerve damage to his back and his pelvis has been knocked out of alignment. "He was a huge bloke, not just overweight but really big boned 大块头, 骨架大 as well. He was a real lump 大块头," he said. "I felt discomfort as soon as he sat down because I was pinned against 被按住动不了, 被死死按住, 被钉在 the side of the cabin. Stephen Prosser said he was pressed up against the side
of the plane for the flight. "I asked whether they could move him or
move me but it was a full flight and they decided not to move me to a
crew member's seat because I'd have to keep on getting up to allow them
to get to the galley 厨房(it's where food and beverages are kept/prepared.)."
Mr Prosser said he was told he would have to make a formal complaint
and was sent back to his seat. "I had no choice but to go back to my
seat and the discomfort at being squashed up against the cabin soon
turned to agony," he said. "I think it's up to the staff to take control
of a situation like that and they should have asked the passenger on
the aisle seat to swap with the larger man in the middle." British
Airways has rejected Mr Prosser's claim.
But the unhappy passenger, from South Wales, is seeking about $17,5000
in damages and loss of income after being unable to work for three
months. In a statement, British Airways said: "British Airways is resisting the claim. However, as the case is subject to ongoing proceedings,
it would be inappropriate for us to comment." The case is expected to
be heard in a Welsh court this week. Last year, an Australian man took
American Airlines to court saying he was squashed 被挤压 被压扁 between two "grossly obese" ( I. 粗暴的. in a very obvious and unacceptable manner; flagrantly. "you have grossly insulted a member of the community". II. extremely; excessively. It was grossly unfair to demand such a high interest rate on the loan. He's grossly overweight. "the economic benefits have been grossly exaggerated". gross adj. I. You use gross to describe something unacceptable or unpleasant to a very great amount, degree, or intensity. The company were guilty of gross negligence. ...an act of gross injustice. Funding of education had been grossly inadequate for years. She was grossly overweight. II. If you say that someone's speech or behaviour is gross, you think it is very rude or unacceptable. [disapproval] He abused the Admiral in the grossest terms. I feel disgusted and wonder how I could ever have been so gross. III. If you describe something as gross, you think it is very unpleasant. [informal, disapproval] I spat them out because they tasted so gross. He wears really gross holiday outfits. IV. If you describe someone as gross, you mean that they are extremely fat and unattractive. [disapproval] I only resist things like chocolate if I feel really gross. V. Gross means the total amount of something, especially money, before any has been taken away. ...a fixed rate account guaranteeing 10.4% gross interest or 7.8% net until October. Interest is paid gross, rather than having tax deducted. ...a father earning £20,000 gross a year. VI. Gross means the total amount of something, after all the relevant amounts have been added together. National Savings gross sales in June totalled £709 million. VII. Gross means the total weight of something, including its container or wrapping. verb
If a person or a business grosses a particular amount of money, they
earn that amount of money before tax has been taken away. [business] I'm a factory worker who grossed £9,900 last year. So far the films have grossed more than £590 million. n. A gross is a group of 144 things. He ordered twelve gross of the disks. [+ of] ) passengers on a flight from Sydney to Los Angeles, which aggravated 恶化 an existing back problem and left him in pain. The man from Wollongong, NSW said the body of the passenger next to him "spilt over 过界 and encroached 侵占" into his seat (intrude into my space), forcing him to "contort 扭曲身体 his body into a series of positions
including standing up, crouching, keeling and leaning forward". He said
he asked cabin crew to move to another seat but was refused. Similarly,
in 2016, a lawyer claimed his nine-hour Emirates flight was ruined
after he was seated next to an obese man whose "spillover" crushed him in his seat.
The passenger said he complained after five hours of discomfort but was
refused another seat, and that he got a back injury and aggravation of a previous back problem from being forced to twist and contort his body 扭曲身体 to avoid contact.
Is someone trying to ruin Kate Middleton's reputation? Of all the iconic sentences uttered by the Queen, perhaps the most memorable was in 1992 when she said the year had been her "annus horribilis" (annus horribilis [ˈænʊs hɒˈriːbɪlɪs] noun a terrible year. Annus horribilis is a Latin phrase, meaning "horrible year". It is complementary to annus mirabilis, which means "wonderful year"; however, annus mirabilis is a traditional term, while annus horribilis is of relatively recent coinage. ). In the previous 12 months, Her Maj's beloved Windsor Castle had nearly burnt to the ground in a devastating fire. That same year, the marriages of three of her children had spectacularly combusted (while Prince Edward was still living at home and perpetually single). Sadly, nearly 30 years later, another royal is facing her own annus horribilis — but this time it is the Duchess of Cambridge. For year upon tedious year, Kate was the perfect royal. She popped out adorable babies, she worked hard, and she made spending hours standing around in Gianvito Rossi heels while making polite chitchat with sweating aldermen ( [ˈɔldərmən] I. a male politician who is a member of the government of a city in the U.S., Canada, or Australia. II. in the past, a male politician who was a senior member of a town council in England or Wales. ) look easy. Kate Middleton has fallen victim to scathing reports claiming a 'rift' has opened up between herself and neighbour Rose Hanbury. The most biting criticism she faced was probably for her unwavering devotion to a particularly ugly range of tan pumps that she wore with unfortunate frequency. (Also, RIP all those hideous nude wedges she loved too.) However, over the past 365 days or so, all that has changed. Kate's world has shifted dramatically on its axis. She's gone from a stable, entitled existence (those Gianvito Rossi heels don't come cheap) with wall-to-wall glowing media coverage to facing a daily barrage of damaging stories about alleged feuds and tiffs erupting behind the chintz ([tʃɪn(t)s] printed multicoloured cotton fabric with a glazed finish, used for curtains and upholstery. "floral chintz curtains".) curtains of Kensington Palace. It peaked this week it was claimed Kate had taken the nasty decision to ostracise a Norfolk neighbour, Rose Hanbury, the Marchioness of Cholmondeley. The flurry of reports that followed breathlessly speculated about Kate's surprising mean-girl streak and none portrayed her in a flattering light. Then, 48 hours later, we found out the claims Kate had instructed her Norfolk aristocratic mates to "phase out" Rose were entirely unfounded and that both the women were considering legal action. In fact, according to a report in the Daily Mail, the entire grubby situation is the result of a concerted effort 不遗余力的 to dent the duchess's gleaming reputation. It is impossible to know exactly who might be plotting against Kate. However, one thing we do know, unequivocally, is that it is the courtiers (or as Diana famously called them, "the Men in Grey") who really control what goes on in palace life. As royal biographer Anna Pasternak wrote recently, courtiers "maintain control by undermining power with gossip and setting up rivalry between courts". Hmm, "undermining" people and weaponising gossip? Sound familiar? Whether these Men In Grey are the unseen Machiavellian force behind the anti-Kate campaign or some other hand, this week's revelations do support the idea there is a concerted effort to smear the duchess's otherwise blemish-free reputation. It would be naive to think, should this be true, that the flow of noxious stories will stop any time soon. All of which means Kate is facing a horrible new reality. Next year marks a decade since Wills grabbed Diana's famous sapphire engagement ring, carted it to Africa and then proposed to his long-term squeeze. For years, it was plain sailing 一帆风顺 for the commoner-turned-HRH and now she is stuck in tempestuous, churning 翻滚的 waters. But Kate is smart and she is tough and I would wager quite the formidable foe. To whomever is behind this smear operation, I'd say: Watch out. I think you might have underestimated just how adept she is at manoeuvring to get what she wants. Don't believe me? Just ask Wills.
