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用法学习: 1. mod cons [mɒdˈkɒnz] 现代舒适用品 the amenities and appliances characteristic of a well-equipped modern house that contribute to an easier and more comfortable way of life. the machines and devices, such as washing machines and fridges, that make the ordinary jobs in a home easier: The kitchen is fully equipped with all mod cons including a dishwasher. "the property has all mod cons". 2. saga: But he made one more phone call: to Eni Folau, his dad and a hardline pastor who was central in his decision to become a born-again Christian in late 2017. "Eni told his son that if he pulled down that post, Folau would be disowning the words of the Lord, a sacrilege ( [ˈsækrəlɪdʒ] I. 亵渎. 不敬. behavior that does not show respect for a holy place, object, or idea. Sacrilege is behaviour that shows great disrespect for a holy place or object. Stealing from a place of worship was regarded as sacrilege. II. behavior that does not show respect for something that most people admire. You can use sacrilege to refer to disrespect that is shown for someone who is widely admired or for a belief that is widely accepted. It is a sacrilege to offend democracy. ) that would send him to hell," Pandaram wrote. "That was the clincher 决定性的, 一锤定音的(A clincher is a fact or argument that finally proves something, settles a dispute, or helps someone achieve a victory. DNA fingerprinting has proved the clincher in this investigation. The clincher was City's second goal, scored minutes from the end.). Folau's mind was made up and resolute( resolve [rɪˈzɒlv] 决心 firm determination to do something. strengthen/weaken someone’s resolve: The President vowed the attack would not weaken US resolve. verb [rɪˈzɒlv] I. [transitive] to solve a problem, or to find a satisfactory way of dealing with a disagreement. The crisis was resolved by negotiation. A meeting has been called to resolve the dispute. II. [intransitive] to make a formal decision, usually after a discussion and a vote at a meeting. resolve to do something: The committee resolved to review the overall level of spending. a. to make a firm decision to do something. resolve to do something 下定决心: She resolved to leave as soon as possible. resolute [ˈrezəluːt] 意志坚定的, 下定决心的 adj. extremely determined. a resolute opponent. resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃ(ə)n] I. [countable] 决议. a formal proposal that is considered by an organization and is usually voted on at a meeting. The UN General Assembly passed a resolution (=formally accepted it) condemning the executions. resolution on: A resolution on Ukrainian independence was adopted by the Supreme Soviet. II. [uncountable] the action of solving a problem or dealing with a disagreement in a satisfactory way. resolution of: Both countries called for the peaceful resolution 和平解决 of the border dispute. resolution to: Diplomats are hoping for a speedy resolution to the crisis. III. [countable] 决定. a serious decision to do something. make a resolution to do something: Make a resolution to go to the gym once a week. IV. [uncountable] the amount of detail that you can see on a television or computer screen, or in a photograph. V. [uncountable] the quality of being determined. )." Israel Folau has previously revealed that his father pressured him into accepting an enormous offer to play AFL. The $1.5 million per season deal with the GWS Giants ended his rugby league career, against his own wishes. "I was hurting inside, but I didn't talk back. My family was – and still is – everything to me. I didn't want to be the son that was selfish and arrogant and let his family down. So I did what my Dad wanted me to do and signed. 3. on the back of sth soon after an earlier success, and as a result of it. because of something, or helped by something. Share prices rose sharply on the back of a rise in profits. The advertising agency secured the contract on the back of its previous successful campaigns. Another suggestion is that homosexuality is a developmental phase people go through. He said, "This is similar to the argument of play in young animals to get their brain and muscles to work effectively and together. Off the back of this, there's the possibility you can get individuals locked into this phase for the rest of their lives as a result of the social environment they grow up in. lift the veil (on something) (the veil dropped again) 揭开面纱 To divulge, explain, or reveal something that was previously a secret. Our hope is that this expedition will lift the veil on the secrets of the ancient king's tomb. The celebrity's interview purports to lift the veil on her extremely private married life. 4. 联姻: "Qantas and American flagged an intention ( flag I.  to mark something so that you will be able to find it again. I flagged any words I didn't know. to put a mark on something so it can be found easily among other similar things: Flag 做标记, 标下 any files that might be useful later. a. specialized computing to mark computer information with one of two possible values so that you can deal with it later: We'll flag the records of interest in the database and then we can give you a print-out. II. If you flag or if your spirits flag, you begin to lose enthusiasm or energy. His enthusiasm was in no way flagging. By 4,000m he was beginning to flag. flagged (flagstone: a large, flat piece of stone or concrete used for paths, floors, etc.) A flagged path or area of ground is covered with large, flat, square pieces of stone. She sat on a chair in the flagged yard. fly the flag = keep the flag flying If you fly the flag, you show that you are proud of your country, or that you support a particular cause, especially when you are in a foreign country or when few other people do. The athlete flew the flag with distinction for Britain. wave/show/fly the flag to show support for the country, group, or organization that you belong to. put the flags out! UK humorous something that you say when you are pleased and surprised that something has happened: Josh has cleaned the bathroom - put the flags out! flag down 招手停, 打车, 挥手示意停下, 叫停 to wave at the driver of a car so that they stop. to cause a vehicle to stop by waving at its driver: I managed to flag down a passing police car. tourists trying to flag down a cab. flag sth up 强调 to emphasize the importance of something or mention it so that people know about it: Organics is an area that has been flagged up by the Executive as a potential growth sector.) to launch several new routes within the first two years of the proposed joint business," Qantas said in response to tentative JV approval issued overnight by the US Department of Transport. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has already given its tick to the trans-Pacific partnership, which would allow Qantas and American Airlines to closely co-ordinate on pricing, schedules, sales and frequent flyer programs under the shield of anti-trust immunity. The DoT said the airlines planned to launch "up to three new routes" within the first two years while also increasing capacity 加密 on existing routes. It has also flagged a higher earning rate of Qantas Points on American Airlines flights "beyond what is possible today through Oneworld, as well as increased redemption opportunities and improved reciprocal end-to-end recognition of our top-tier frequent flyers." Speaking on the sidelines of (on the sidelines not taking part in an activity even though you want to or should do. stand/stay/remain etc on the sidelines You can't stay on the sidelines for ever; it's time you got involved. on/from the sidelines If you are on the sidelines or do something from the sidelines, you are not actively involved in something: Women have been on the political sidelines for too long - we must now work towards getting into power.She could only watch from the sidelines as her brother's health deteriorated.) the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Annual General Meeting in Seoul, Qantas Group CEO Alan Joyce said new non-stop routes which Qantas could open up under the joint business agreement with Oneworld member American Airlines included Boeing 787 Dreamliner flights from Brisbane to Chicago, Seattle and Dallas. Joyce has repeatedly cited direct flights to Chicago as first fruit of any American Airlines JV, although he has been somewhat pipped to the post ( to pip someone at the post = pip sb to the post 被抢先, 被领先, 抢占先机 If someone is pipped at the post or pipped to the post they are just beaten in a competition or in a race to achieve something. [British, informal] I didn't want us to be pipped to the post. ) by Air New Zealand's Auckland-Chicago flights which began in December 2018. However, Seattle has also been waiting in the wings 蓄势待发. As home to technology giants such as Microsoft and Amazon plus 'satellite' offices of Silicon Valley-based companies like Google and Facebook, along with a wide range of start-ups, Seattle's tech cred is an obvious drawcard 吸引力 and comes second only to San Francisco as the USA's top tech market. Paris has long been considered a starter for this second tranche of Boeing 787s, with Frankfurt potentially following, but Joyce has put those plans on ice 搁置( keep/put something on ice to delay doing anything about a plan or idea. The whole deal was put on ice when the stock market fell sharply.) due to the airline's ongoing disputes with Perth Airport, which would anchor the Australian end of the new European routes. The companies are currently in disagreement over airport usage charges as well as which international terminal Qantas can use in Perth for its expanding network of international flights – a stoush that already cost the city a non-stop Qantas flight from Perth to Johannesburg. 5. fight your corner to defend something that you believe in by arguing: You'll have to be prepared to fight your corner if you want them to extend the project. behind every great/successful man there stands a woman said to emphasize that men's success often depends on the work and support of their wives. scintillate to say very clever, exciting, or funny things. a good time was had by all. scintillating [ˈsɪnt(ə)lˌeɪtɪŋ] (flagging conversation) very impressive, interesting, or clever. a scintillating conversation/performance.

 subpoena VS summons. Magistrates Court VS county court / district court VS state supreme court: 1. subpoena [səˈpinə] an official legal document that says you must come to a court of law to give information. A subpoena will be issued by the court to compel the witness to attend. It is unlikely that he will be subpoenaed to give evidence. a. to officially order documents to be produced in a court of law. The prosecution insisted on the subpoenaed bank statements being shown to the jury. summons [ˈsʌmənz] I. legal an official document that orders someone to appear in a court of law. a jury/witness summons. II. formal an urgent request or order for someone to go somewhere or do something. jury summons: a document from a court that tells a person they have to do jury service. witness summons a document from a court that tells a person they have to appear in court as a witness. Failure to obey a witness summons can result in a fine for contempt of court. 2. Facebook's Zuckerberg faces summons after snubbing Canada. "I am sick to death of sitting through hours of platitudes ( platitude [ˈplætɪˌtud] 没有新意的话, 耳朵听出茧子的话, 老生常谈, 套话 [disapproval] something that has been said so often that it is not interesting anymore and shows a lack of imagination. A platitude is a statement which is considered meaningless and boring because it has been made many times before in similar situations. a remark or statement that may be true but is boring and has no meaning because it has been said so many times before: He doesn't mouth platitudes about it not mattering who scores as long as the team wins. Why couldn't he say something original instead of spouting the same old platitudes? ...a stream of platitudes, outlining many problems but offering few solutions. The conversation between the two leaders went beyond platitudes and got into real issues. bromide [ˈbrəʊ.maɪd] old-fashioned I. a drug used to calm people who are very unhappy or worried. Bromide is a drug which used to be given to people to calm their nerves when they were worried or upset. ...a dose of bromide. He took a/some bromide to calm his nerves. II. 没有新意的. 老生常谈的安慰话. A bromide is a comment which is intended to calm someone down when they are angry, but which has been expressed so often that it has become boring and meaningless. a remark that is intended to calm a situation, but is usually not sincere. The meeting produced the usual bromides about the environment. commonplace 稀松平常 adj I. happening often or often seen or experienced and so not considered to be special:  Foreign vacations have become commonplace. It is commonplace for snipers to open fire on aid convoys. Electric cars are increasingly commonplace. II. A commonplace is a remark or opinion that is often expressed and is therefore not original or interesting. It is a commonplace to say that movies can manipulate public taste. banal [bənɑːl , -næl] adj [disapproval] 寡淡无趣的事情. If you describe something as banal, you do not like it because you think that it is so ordinary that it is not at all effective or interesting. The text is banal. Bland, banal music tinkled discreetly from hidden loudspeakers. You can refer to banal things as the banal. The allegations ranged from the banal to the bizarre. banality [bənælɪti] ...the banality of life. Neil's ability to utter banalities never ceased to amaze me. truism [truːɪzəm] 废话, 屁话, 没意义的大实话, 说了等于没说的话 a statement that does not really need to be made because everyone already knows it is true. A truism is a statement that is generally accepted as obviously true and is repeated so often that it has become boring. Orpington seems an example of the truism that nothing succeeds like success. Whilst this might sound like a truism, it is nevertheless a crucial problem to address. axiom [æksiəm] 公理 An axiom is a statement or idea which people accept as being true. ...the long-held axiom that education leads to higher income. cliché = cliche [kliːʃeɪ , US kliːʃeɪ] noun A cliché is an idea or phrase which has been used so much that it is no longer interesting or effective or no longer has much meaning. I've learned that the cliche about life not being fair is true. [+ about] It's a cliche but true that pubs are the lifeblood of many communities. ) from Facebook and avoidance tactics," said United Kingdom MP Jo Stevens, one of many foreign lawmakers who attended the hearing. "I want the boss here to take responsibility." Stevens bemoaned ( bemoan 抱怨 If you bemoan something, you express sorrow or dissatisfaction about it. Universities and other research establishments bemoan their lack of funds. ) that Tuesday was the second time Zuckerberg, Facebook's co-founder, chairman and CEO, brushed off an invitation to appear before a legislative body, after he had failed to attend a parliamentary hearing in London late last year. 3. The Magistrates Court is the first level of the Queensland Courts system. Most criminal cases are first heard in this court in some form. Most civil actions are also heard here. A county court is a court based in or with a jurisdiction covering one or more counties, which are administrative divisions (subnational entities) within a country, not to be confused with the medieval system of county courts held by the high sheriff of each county. County court (district court) is the name given to the intermediate court in one Australian state, namely the County Court of Victoria (in other states and territories it is called the 'District Court'). They hear indictable [ɪnˈdaɪtəb(ə)l] ( an indictable offense is one for which you can be officially accused and brought to a court for trial. ) (serious) criminal offences except for treason, murder, and manslaughter. Their civil jurisdiction is also intermediate, typically over civil disputes where the amount claimed is greater than a few tens of thousands of dollars but less than a few hundreds of thousands of dollars. The limits vary between states. In some states the same level of court is called a district court. Below them are the magistrates courts. Above them are the state supreme courts. Some states adopt the two-tier appellate system, with the magistrates courts below and the state supreme courts above. If you are needed as a witness, you will be given a letter called a summons (in the Magistrates' Court) or a subpoena (in the County and Supreme Courts). It will tell you when and where the court case is going to be held. If you receive a summons or a subpoena, you must go to court to give evidence. Make sure you have a copy of your police statement to take with you. If you don't have a copy, ask the police investigator to get one. If you don't get a summons or a subpoena, you can decide if you want to go to court. If you want to go, tell the police informant as soon as possible. They can let you know when the case will start. 4. However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states tend not to have a single highest court. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court", for example, the High Court of Australia 最高法院(The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction 上诉机构 ( [əˈpelət] relating to a legal appeal Unlike other courts, this court has a purely appellate function.), the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the states, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Australia and thereby shape the development of federalism in Australia. ). On the other hand, in some places the court named the "Supreme Court" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales and Supreme Court of Judicature of Northern Ireland, which are all subordinate to higher courts of appeal. 5. A sheriff comes to your business or home with a summons or you receive a subpoena by registered letter. It's always scary when something like that happens. So what do you do? First, we'll look at the differences between a summons and a subpoena and then what to do if you receive one. What is a Summons? In general, a summons is the beginning of a legal case. It signals the issue that needs to be adjudicated (tried in court). A summons can be used in either a civil or a criminal case. Specifically, a summons is a document that is an order by a court requiring someone to appear in court. In civil lawsuits, a summons is issued to one of the parties in the lawsuit, usually the person against whom a complaint has been filed. Most often, a summons is given to a defendant, requiring his or her presence to defend a case. For example, if someone sues you in small claims court, the court sends out a summons requiring you to attend the hearing at a specific place and time. What is a Subpoena? In general, a subpoena is a demand by the court to provide evidence for a court case. A subpoena is similar to a summons, but it comes after the court case has begun. To receive a subpoena you may or may not be directly involved in the case as a plaintiff (the person making the claim), or the defendant (the person defending against the claim). The most common example of when you might receive a subpoena is if you are a witness in a court case. In today's legal system, it's very common for plaintiffs and defendants to be required to give evidence under a subpoena. A subpoena can be for documents needed as evidence or it may be for appearance to give evidence in a deposition or in court.

 如厕问题: 1. Lota (bidet) (vessel) A lota or bodna is a small (usually spherical) water vessel of brass, copper or plastic used in parts of South Asia for personal hygiene and, among Muslims, for wudu (Wuḍu is the Islamic procedure for wiping parts of the body, a type of ritual purification, or ablution. Wudu involves washing the hands, mouth, nostrils, arms, head and feet with water and is an important part of ritual purity in Islam. What activities require wuḍūʾ, what rituals constitute it and what breaks or invalidates it are governed by fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)[1] and specifically its rules concerning hygiene. ). For Muslims when praying they have to be clean hence they perform wudu (ablutions), a further requirement is to clean themself with water after going to the toilet so the Lota is used by Muslims for personal hygiene, after going to the toilet, so that they can pray afterwards. 2. A bidet shower (bum gun, bidet spray, bidet sprayer, or health faucet), is a hand-held triggered nozzle that is placed near the toilet and delivers a spray of water used for anal cleansing and cleaning of the genitals after using the toilet for defecation and urination. The device is similar to that on a kitchen sink sprayer. How to Use the Bum-Gun (Toilet Hose) in Thailand: Keep Yourself Clean With a Squirt of Water: Using the bum-gun in Thailand is easy. One of the most amazing Asian inventions is the toilet hose or 'bum gun'. This is a small hose with a spray nozzle on the end that's attached to the wall in practically every toilet in Thailand, and is used after you've been to the loo to spray your nether regions and to get them clean. It is a wonderful invention as, unlike in the US and England, where we tend to just wipe around with some toilet paper, smearing urine and feces all over our delicate private area, in Thailand Thai men and women use the bum gun. They use the toilet hose or 'bum gun' to spray water on themselves, use soap that they bring with them to make sure they're completely clean, and then use the toilet hose again to rinse off. A quick dry with some toilet paper, and they're just as clean as when they left the house that morning. The toilet hose or bum gun in Thailand really is brilliant but, if you haven't been faced with one before, how do you use it? Testing the Toilet Hose or Bum Gun – First things first, test the water pressure before you use it. The British call the toilet hose the 'bum gun' and for good reason. The nozzle on the end of the hose is shaped a bit like a gun, with a trigger that you press to release the water. The secret to using the bum gun or toilet hose correctly is this – every one of them has a different pressure so, before you start spraying around your nether regions, make sure you test the pressure first by spraying some water into the toilet. Some bum guns have very high pressure and you could, literally, just about shoot yourself off the toilet seat if you use it with too much force. Now that you have tested the toilet hose, you are ready to use it. If you are a guy, spray yourself around the anal area and then, when satisfied you're clean enough, wipe off with some toilet paper as you don't want to put your pants back on while your rear end is still wet. If you do, you will soon end up with a rash or worse in a humid climate like Thailand, so make sure you're dry first. For women, spray yourself with the bum gun from front to back, making sure you rinse properly. Like I said, many Thai men and women (and me now!) carry a soap box with a small piece of soap with them. So if you do the same, wet first, use your soap to make sure you are completely clean, then use the toilet hose to rinse the soap away. Dry off with toilet paper, and use baby powder if you really want to feel dry and fresh. Take Care With the Toilet Hose If Wearing Pants and Using a Squat Toilet in Thailand – For women, wearing a dress or skirt, and using the bum gun is easy. Your dress or skirt is hoisted 提起来 around your waist, so has little chance of getting wet. For men, or for women wearing pants though, it's a different matter, particularly if you're using a squat toilet 蹲厕. Squat toilets are all over Thailand, and are actually cleaner and healthier than the typical western toilet. However, if you're using a squat toilet while wearing pants and want to use the toilet hose, you've a lot more chance of soaking yourself through. There is an art 有技巧 to it though, so just follow these tips. Before you squat, roll up your pant legs, so they don't droop down and hit the floor, which is likely to be wet. Now pull down your pants, but just to your mid-thigh region. Now squat. Do your business and then, when finished, reach behind you, take the toilet hose and spray the water gently around your anal area or, for women, spray gently from front to back making sure not to wet your pants. Dry off as usual with toilet paper. Many tourists haven't gotten the knack of using the bum gun while wearing pants, which you can tell as they come out of the bathrooms in Thailand with a suspicious wet patch on their backside. A little care before squatting will make sure this doesn't happen to you. Take Toilet Paper to the Bathroom for Use With the Toilet Hose – In Bangkok now, most toilets have toilet paper and, if they don't, there's a machine outside the bathroom where you can buy it for 1-3 baht (around 3-10 cents) for a box. If you're going to use the toilet hose, you are going to need toilet paper to dry yourself off. So make sure you buy some before you go in, just in case it's not provided inside. After all, you don't want to end up sitting there with a wet butt, and no way to dry it off. Thailand is humid, so things can take a long time to dry! The toilet hose or bum gun really is the cleanest thing to ever sit in any bathroom. When I leave Thailand, the whole time I'm gone I really miss the bum gun, and find myself always in possession of some handy wipes so I can try to recreate that completely fresh feeling. If you've struggled with the toilet hose in the past on trips to Thailand, the next time you're here, and faced with a bum gun, just follow these few easy tips and you too will leave the bathroom feeling clean and refreshed and ready to face the world again.