You've got to grow a thicker skin 脸皮厚点 if you want to make it in this business.
You're a dance teacher. You criticized one of your students' dance
technique, and now she seems upset and angry at you. You know that
dancers get criticized a lot, so she needs to get used to it. You give
her this advice. you've got to (do something) "You've got to" is similar to "you need to". They're basically the same in meaning. However, "you've got to" is more common when talking about general qualities that you need in order to achieve a certain goal. For example: You've got to be both talented and persistent
to make it as an actor. If you want to get into an Ivy League school,
you've got to have impeccable grades and an impressive list of
accomplishments. "You need to" is more common when you're actually telling the listener what they should do, right now. You need to go talk to Mrs. Green about that. You need to stop spending so much on entertainment and put some of that money toward your savings. grow a thick skin 脸皮厚点, 厚脸皮
"Having a thick skin" is an idiom which means not getting upset when
people criticize you. The phrase that means to become more unconcerned
by people's criticisms is "grow a thick skin". This is a neutral
expression — not too formal and not too casual. make it in this business To "make it" means to become successful. For example, you can ask someone who's really successful this: When did you first start to feel like, "Yeah, I made it?"
In some very competitive industries, like entertainment and the arts,
people sometimes talk about "making it in this business": It's hard to make it in this business. When you talk about "this business" in a phrase like this, it means the industry that you work in. We're going to need to run some tests, just to make sure.
You went to the doctor because of a strange bump on your wrist. Your
doctor thinks it's something harmless, but wants to make sure that it's
not cancer or something else bad. He says this. When someone is grilling 烤肉 some meat: Make sure they're cooked all the way through 烤透了. In a corporate office job, people are very careful not to make any mistakes, so they often talk about "making sure" of things. (I'm / We're) going to need to (do something) When you need to do something that's going to upset your listener, you can tell them this way: I'm going to need to ask you to leave. We're going to need to hold back on paying bonuses this quarter. This basically means "I have to do this, although I don't want to. Another similar phrase is "going to have to": Just a heads up - we're going to have to meet soon. But "going to have to" seems less negative. run some tests
"Running some tests" means doing tests to look for different medical
problems. For example, when a cardiologist (heart doctor) "runs some
tests", he or she might hook you up to a heart monitor, measure your cholestorol, measure the amount of cholesterol in your blood, and so on. It's also possible to "run some tests" on a computer system. Sir, I'm going to have to rescan this.
You're going through the security checkpoint at the airport. Your bag
has gone through the scanning machine, but there was something in it
that the security officer couldn't see well. He wants to do it again, so
he says this. I'm going to have to (do something) Use this phrase to talk about something that you need to do, but which might annoy your listener. I'm
going to have to charge you extra for that. Sorry! A: We're going out
for a bite to eat. Why don't you join us? B: No, I'm going to have to
take a rain check. This is similar to "going to need
to". "Going to have to" is friendlier-sounding, though. There's also
another way to use "going to have to", which is just to talk about
things that you have to do in the future. Here's an example: Just a heads up - we're going to have to meet soon. You need to come up with a concrete plan. Your
son is unemployed. You've asked him what he's going to do. He says that
he's going to get a new job, but he doesn't know what kind of job. You
want him to think more seriously about it. "You
need to ___" is a really strong and direct way of giving someone advice
or orders. It's usually used by parents, teachers, and bosses. It's
usually used when they're angry or annoyed: You
need to stop talking and pay attention. You need to get the account
manager on the phone and tell him you're sorry, but you made a mistake. come up with (something) To
"come up with" an idea means to create it. You usually use "create" for
physical things that you make, but you use "come up with ___" to
describe creating an idea, a plan, a name, etc. Another example: Where'd you come up with the idea to start a blog about English phrases? a concrete plan (a vague plan)
"Concrete" things are solid. A "concrete plan" is realistic and
detailed. Here are some examples of how to use the phrase "concrete
plan": We need to
put together a concrete plan for how we're going to deal with this. A:
What are you doing for the holidays this year? B: I don't have any
concrete plans. The opposite of a "concrete" plan is a "vague" plan.
Let's take a look at that. You're a doctor. A patient tells you about a problem with the skin on his back. You're going to examine it, so you say this. Look! You got ice cream all down the front of your shirt! Your son was eating some ice cream, but it melted and spilled on his shirt. (someone) got (something) all down the front of (their shirt/pants/etc.) This phrase describes what results when something messy drops or spills onto someone's clothes: I spilled boiling water all down the front of my pants. Say this when a lot of stuff spills, not just a little. If something spills on both your shirt and pants, say "all down the front of (someone)": He had grape juice all down the front of him! Megan was pissed off at Don, but since she couldn't yell at him directly she took it out on Peggy. You saw a TV show last night. Now you're talking to a friend who's interested in that show, but missed last night's episode. You explain how two characters got in an argument. (someone) is pissed off at (someone) Being "pissed off" means being quite angry. You get "pissed off at" a person, or "pissed off about" an idea which makes you angry: Are you still pissed off at me about what I said this morning? "Pissed off" is a slightly rough phrase, so avoid it in polite situations with people you don't know well. take it out on (someone) "Taking it out on" someone means yelling or getting angry at a person, even though they're not really what's made you angry. For example, if you have a bad day at work, and then come home and yell at your aunt, you're "taking it out on" your aunt. So what is "it" exactly? "It" refers to your anger or stress: When you don't deal with stress properly, you can end up taking your anger out on those around you. Hey, can you pick up some take-out on your way home? You don't want to cook tonight. Your boyfriend is still at work, so you call to ask him to bring dinner when he comes home. on (one's) way home "On my way home" refers to anything that you do while you're coming home from somewhere, like from work, from a vacation, from shopping, etc. The phrase "on my way ___" is usually followed by "to ___": I was on my way to work when she called. But "home" is special because you never use "to" with it: I'm going to Ted's house. I'm going home. "Here" and "there" are also special in the same way: He's on his way here right now. pick up (something) The phrase "pick up ___" can mean to buy something at a store. When you use this phrase, it sounds like you are buying something quickly while you are on your way to somewhere. take-out "Take-out" is food that you buy from a restaurant, but instead of eating it at the restaurant, you take it home to eat. In the U.S., the most famous food for take-out is Chinese food. Mexican food, Indian food, and pizza are also popular take-out foods. Use "take-out" like this: Why don't we get some take-out? I don't cook very much. I usually just get take-out or snack on whatever I have in the fridge. Two Down, One To Go The word "two" in the phrase refers to things that have been finished, while the word "one" references that which is yet to be finished. In other words, two things have been completed, and there's one more thing left to do. I'm looking to collect three rare coins. They are worth a small fortune together, and so far I've collected two of them. So that's two down and one to go. Soon my collection will be complete! Every time he cooks, he leaves grease 油溅得到处都是 spattered all over the stovetop( spatter if you spatter a surface with a liquid, or if a liquid spatters onto a surface, small drops of the liquid are thrown onto the surface in a violent way. be spattered with something: When the police arrived, they found the bathroom spattered with blood. spatter something on/over/across etc something: He had spattered spaghetti sauce all over the kitchen. splatter If a thick wet substance splatters on something or is splattered on it, it drops or is thrown over it. The rain splattered against the french windows. 'Sorry Edward,' I said, splattering the cloth with jam. ...a mud-splattered white shirt. if a liquid splatters somewhere, drops of it hit a surface violently. Blood splattered his coat 溅了一身. Oil was splattering across the stove. a. [transitive] to make something splatter The kids had splattered juice all over the carpet. splash I. [intransitive] if a liquid splashes, it moves or hits something noisily. splash on/over/onto: Water began splashing over the side of the boat. A little bit of her drink had splashed onto the table. a. [transitive] if a liquid splashes something, it hits it noisily. waves splashing the rocks. Urine stream can split into 2 creating double urine stream but sometimes the stream can be so irregular that the urine splashes in different directions. b. [transitive] to put a liquid on something in a rough and noisy way. splash something on/over something: She was splashing perfume on like it was aftershave. II. [intransitive] to move noisily in water. splash through/across/in: She was splashing through the puddles. III. [transitive] [usually passive] if words, a story, or pictures are splashed somewhere, especially in a newspaper, they are large and easy to see. splash something across/over/on something: The scandal was splashed across the front page of the paper. a logo splashed on a T-shirt. IV. [transitive] to add a color to something, especially in a careless way. Carol splashed green paint on the wall. V. to publish a news story very prominently. The Guardian splashes 大肆宣传 with the "chaos" of EU talks and also highlights a "growing whispering campaign" against Hammond from within his own party. The Mail also includes the story but splashes on Brexit matters. make a splash to do or say something that becomes very popular or is noticed by a lot of people. His new movie has made quite a splash on the east coast.). You and your husband are chatting with another couple at a party. You're talking about who usually cooks in each relationship. You usually cook because your husband is too messy. You tell the other couple about how messy he is. grease spatters all over (something) When you cook something in oil, the oil or grease sometimes pops out of the pan and falls somewhere in your kitchen. You can describe this by saying that the oil "spatters" on your stove, your counter, your floor, etc. "Grease" is another word for "oil". It sounds dirtier, though. Other things that can "spatter" are: blood (when someone is shot, for example). rain (when it's being described in a novel or short story). pee (when a man uses the toilet). Pet her gently, OK? You're visiting a friend's house. They have a small cat. Your son wants to pet the cat, but he pets her a little too hard. You want him to be careful. pet (an animal) gently "Petting" an animal means rubbing its fur. You can describe the way that someone pets an animal as: pet it roughly, pet it gently / softly. The number of companies that are willing to sponsor a visa is pretty limited 非常有限, 非常少, 少之又少. You're studying in the U.S. You'd like to find a job, but you can't because you need a working visa. Most companies won't help you to get a visa because it takes time and money. You explain why you can't find a job to one of your American friends. (a company) sponsors 赞助 (someone's) visa Some other things that companies "sponsor" include: sponsor a TV show, sponsor a conference. (a number or amount) is limited Something that is "limited" is small, rare, or low in number. In other words, it means "not a lot". For example: The choices at the school cafeteria are pretty limited. Yeah, my English ability back then was pretty limited. Give it another swipe? A customer at the store you work at is paying with a credit card. The credit card doesn't work the first time she tries it, so you ask her to try again. swipe (a card) To "swipe" means to make a sliding motion. When you "swipe" a credit card, debit card, or some other kind of card, you slide the card through a machine that reads the information on it. There are also other machines that you "dip" a card into 插进去. This is the type that you put your card into and then pull it back out. He wears his hair slicked-back (sleek) 大背头 (The ducktail is a men's haircut style popular during the 1950s. It is also called the duck's tail, duck's ass, duck's arse (UK), or simply D.A., and is also described as slicked back hair. The hair is pomaded (greased), combed back around the sides, and parted centrally down the back of the head. sleek I. sleek fur or hair is smooth and shiny. a young man with sleek dark hair. a sleek black cat. II. fashionable and attractive in design. a sleek limousine. a sleek gray pant suit. III. looking or sounding good in a way that is not sincere. a sleek and ambitious young politician. a sleek smile. )?
You're telling your neighbor a story about something that happened at a
nearby convenience store. You're describing one of the people that
works there. (someone) wears (his or her) hair (in a certain style You can describe a person's hairstyle with this phrase: She wears her hair long. He wears his hair parted on the left side.
People use this expression for talking about someone's hair length, the
way that they style it, the direction that it's pointing in, and so on.
They don't usually talk about hair color this way, even if a person dyes their hair. You can also just describe hair like this: His hair is slicked back. She has long hair. The phrase "wear (one's) hair ___" is used more for describing people who the listener doesn't know. (someone's hair) is slicked back
"Slicked back" hair is hair that's combed backwards away from the face,
and held with some kind of wet or oily liquid. For example, you might
"slick your hair back" when you first get out of the bath or shower.
"Slicked back" hair is a little shiny. I usually wear it parted 左分, 右分, 中分. 分头, 分头发, 头发分开 on the side. You're getting a hair cut. The stylist asks how you like to wear your hair. You describe it. (someone) wears (his or her) hair (in a certain style) You can describe a person's hairstyle with this phrase: She wears her hair long. He wears his hair parted on the left side. People use this expression for talking about someone's hair length, the way that they style it, the direction that it's pointing in, and so on. They don't usually talk about hair color this way, even if a person dyes their hair. You can also just describe hair like this: His hair is slicked back. She has long hair. The phrase "wear (one's) hair ___" is used more for describing people who the listener doesn't know. parted (hair) A lot of people have a kind of "line" in their hair. All the hair on one side of this line goes in one direction, and all the hair on the other side of the line goes in another direction. You can call hair that looks like this "parted". Hair can be parted: "on the left" / "on the right" / "on the side" "down the middle 中分". Who's that smokin' hot chick you were hanging out with? Your friend posted some photos from a party on Facebook. In some of the photos, there was a really attractive girl who you've never seen before. Now you're talking to your friend about the party and you ask who the girl is. (a woman) is smokin' hot Calling someone "hot" means that they're attractive. Calling a woman "smokin' hot" means that she is very, very attractive. Being "smokin' hot" is a little different from being, for example "gorgeous". A "smokin' hot" woman is attractive in a sexual way. A "gorgeous" woman has a beautiful face and might be very well-dressed. It is possible to describe a man as "smokin' hot", but much less common. hang out with (someone) "Hanging out with" someone means spending time together for fun. When you "hang out" with someone, you talk, eat, drink, laugh, watch movies, play games, etc. This expression is slightly casual. You use it like this: I hung out with Kim a few days ago. Let's hang out sometime soon. You're supposed to reapply it 擦防晒 every couple of hours. You went to the beach with your friends. One of your friends got a sunburn. She says that she put on sunscreen. You think she got burned because she stayed in the sun for too long and should have put on more sunscreen. (someone) is supposed to (do something) Say that someone "is supposed to" do something if: there's a rule about it: I think we're supposed to shower before going in the pool. there's a custom that says something about it: You're supposed to take your shoes off when you go into someone's house in Japan. you have already agreed to do it: I'm supposed to pick Janelle up from school this afternoon. Note that "supposed to" can also be used in other situations, like when you're reporting information that you heard from other people. apply/ put on sunscreen To "apply" sunscreen means to put it on someone (yourself or someone else). The word "apply" sounds technical, so you would use it in situations like when you're giving someone instructions. The sunscreen bottle will probably use the word "apply" in the instructions, for example. In more casual speech, you can use "put on" instead of "apply": Don't forget to put on sunscreen! You can also "apply" things other than makeup: Apply makeup. Apply a cream or ointment to a cut on your skin. Apply glue to something that you're trying to stick together. Apply a wood-sealing liquid to the wood on your porch. every few / every couple of (minutes/hours/days/etc.) Use this expression to talk about something that happens again and again after a certain length of time. For example: I try to call them every few days, just to make sure everyone's OK. This sentnence means that the speaker calls again and again, with 3-20 days of not calling in between each time. The forecast calls for rain (call for). You and your roommates are planning what to do this weekend. Someone suggests going fishing, but you watched the news this morning and heard that the weather is going to be bad this weekend. The most common example of a forecast is a weather forecast. Weather reporters give predictions of what the weather is going to be like for the next few days. Another common type of forecast is a "financial forecast", which is a prediction of how much money a company is going to make and spend for the next quarter, year, etc. (a forecast) calls for (something) When you're recounting what you heard or read in a weather forecast, use the phrase "calls for ___": The weather forecast calls for snow. The forecast calls for thunderstorms. The news calls for rain. It means "the forecast says that there will be ___." This phrase is slightly formal. It calls for vanilla extract. Do we still have any?
You want to make a cheesecake. You read a recipe for it. The recipe
says that you need an ingredient that you don't use often, so you check
with your wife, who usually cooks. (a recipe) calls for (an ingredient) (call for)
When you're talking about a recipe, you can explain what ingredients
are needed by saying that the recipe "calls for ___". For example: It calls for olive oil. Do you think corn oil will work as a substitute?
If you're talking about cooking something without a clear recipe, don't
use this phrase. In that case, you can say that you "need ___": I can make some spaghetti, I guess. I need tomato sauce, though. Do we have any? vanilla extract
"Vanilla extract" is an ingredient that's used in some baking. It's a
liquid with a strong vanilla flavor. In general, an "extract" is the concentrated essence of something. Some other kinds of "extract" include: almond extract, coconut extract, herbal extracts. Do we have any (something)? Ask the people who live with you this question to find out whether you have an ingredient or material in your home. Do we have any toilet paper? I need some tape. Do we have any? There's always drama with those two. Your cousin and her boyfriend fight a lot. You've heard that they've broken up for the fourth time. You can't believe that their relationship is so difficult, so you think this. there's always drama with (someone) It's hard to have a simple relationship with some people. You have problems with them like: arguments, jealousy, suspicion. To describe a relationship like this, you can say "there's always drama with (someone)". That's because these are the kinds of problems that characters in plays and TV shows have. You can say "there's always drama with ___" about a single person who causes problems, or about a group of people who always have problems with each other. We all busted out laughing 突然大笑. You're telling a story about a funny mistake that your friend made. You've just described the mistake, so now you describe your reaction. The phrase "bust out laughing" describes someone suddenly laughing really hard. You "bust out laughing" when something funny and unexpected happens. This is a casual and slangy spoken English phrase. The more correct expression is "burst out laughing": They all burst out laughing at the sight of Emmett in his gorilla costume. Use "burst out laughing" in more formal and written English. Why should I, as a taxpayer, have to bear the burden of supporting these people with my hard-earned 辛苦得来的 money? You're having a political debate with a friend. He thinks that the government should provide money to people who can't find jobs. You disagree because it's not fair to people who work. You explain your idea this way. Why should we have to work late when they get to go home early? Why should I have to pay for it? You're the one who broke it. bear a burden When you have to do hard work to support other people, you are "bearing a burden". The word "bear" means "carry" in this instance. A "burden" is a heavy weight. You can use "bear a burden" to talk literally about carrying heavy objects, but it's mostly used metaphorically. It's common to use the phrase "bear the burden" to talk about someone paying for something that supports other people. Here are some examples of things that you might describe as "bearing a burden": paying for your elderly parents's care, taxpayers paying for students' education. "Bearing a burden" is a negative-sounding phrase. "Supporting" someone means giving them help that they need. Often, that means money. You might "support" somone like a family member: My aunt supported me through college. How long did they support you for? You can also "support" someone emotionally, by listening to their problems and offering advice. There you go; you're all buckled in! You're driving somewhere with your family. You put your son in his car seat and strap him in, then say this. You say "There you go" when you're giving or handing a person something: A: Can you pass me a napkin? B: There you go. More generally, you use it when you're doing something for another person. For example, say "There you go" when: you stand up to let someone sit down, you've finished tying someone's necktie for them, you clear a space on the kitchen counter for someone to set a hot dish on. You can also say "Here you go" in the same way. There are no absolute rules for when to use one or the other, but I would use "Here you go" if I brought something to them from far away, and "there you go" if I'm sitting in one place and handing them the object. all (adjective) Use "all" in front of positive adjective to mean "very" or "completely". Parents do this a lot when speaking to children, so it sounds comforting. Here are some examples: It's all warm and snuggly in here, isn't it? Now you're all clean and fresh! (someone) is buckled in A "buckle" 皮带扣 is the part of a belt where you attach the two ends to each other. The belts people wear on their pants have buckles. So do some shoes, straps for handbags and luggage, and seatbelts. When an adult wears a seatbelt, you say that they're "buckled up". But when you put a child in a car seat, you buckle them in. The difference is that a person who's "buckled in" has straps not only across the waist, but over both shoulders as well. Jet plane pilots also get "buckled in". It looks like I've worn through 穿破了, 破洞 the soles. You're putting on a pair of shoes. You notice that there's now a hole in the bottom of one of them. You say this to yourself. wear through the sole (of a shoe) When something gets "worn through", it gets thinner and thinner through use, until there's a hole in it. You can use "wear through" in these ways: (someone) wears through (something) I wear through shoes quickly. (something) wears through (something) The heel of my boot wore through my sock. (somthing) is/gets worn through It's already worn through. Use "wear through" mostly to talk about clothes or the soles of a person's shoes. The "sole" is the bottom of the shoe, which touches the ground when you walk. So, yeah, that pretty much wraps it up. You're giving a talk at a conference. You've finished your presentation. You can't think of anything else to say, so you end the presentation this way. that wraps it up You say "that wraps it up" when you've finished doing or explaining something. For example, you can use this phrase to end meetings. The phrasal verb "wrap up" means to finish. That was passed down 传下来, 传给 to me by my grandfather. You have an antique gun that used to belong to your grandfather. You have visitors from your church over at your house, and someone is looking at the gun. You explain where it came from. (something) was passed down to (someone) by (someone) When people give meaningful items to their children, grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and so on, it's called "passing ___ down". People "pass down" things like: jewelry, furniture, photographs. For things that are valuable but don't have much emotional meaning, we don't use the phrase "pass down". Instead, you say that the relative "gave" or "left" someone these things: My parents left me a little bit of money when they passed away. To explain who gets the item, use "to". Use "by" to explain who is giving the item: It was passed down to me by my mother. There's a few in the area, but they don't have that wide of a selection. You live in a city in a foreign country. You've found a few markets that sell food from your home country, but they're not very good. You're explaining what's wrong with them to a friend who doesn't know about these stores. not that (adjective) of a (something) This is an expression that you use when you want to say that something (like a "person") doesn't have very much of a quality or characteristic (like "niceness"): not that nice of a person. in the area 这片儿 English speakers use the phrase "in the area" to talk about things that are in their city, town, or region: Do you know of any good masseuses in the area? "In the area" usually means somewhere that's less than an hour away. To talk about places that are further away, use the phrase "in the region 这个地区" instead: It's one of the oldest historical sites in the region. a wide selection When you have "a wide selection", it means that there are a lot of different things to choose from. English speakers mostly use this phrase to talk about stores or restaurants. For example: Come on down to Burlington Coat Factory! We have the widest selection of coats in the entire state! The opposite of a "wide selection" is a "limited selection" 选择有限. There's a few: Technically, this phrase should be "there are a few" or "there're a few". However, this is a common mistake that English speakers make in spoken English. Some people make this mistake because they don't know whether a verb is supposed to agree with "a few" or with the noun that follows it: There's a few people here already. There are a few people here already. Other people know the rule but forget while putting sentences together in spoken English. Thanks! I don't know if that's necessarily true, but it's nice of you to say. You're speaking to someone at a party and you tell him how long you've been studying English. He says that you speak it really well considering the amount of time you've studied. You want to thank him for the compliment while seeming modest. I don't know if that's necessarily true. "I don't know if that's necessarily true" means "That might not be true." You can use this phrase to politely disagree with a statement that someone has made. For example: A: You definitely need to have a degree in Computer Science to get a job as a computer programmer, right? B: I don't know if that's necessarily true. This phrase is more polite than "That's not true" or "That's wrong" because it leaves open the possibility that what the person has said might be true. "I don't know if..." and "necessarily" soften the phrase. (It's/That's) nice of you to say. When someone praises or compliments you, sometimes you accept the praise. You think that you deserve the compliment. Other times, you don't think that the person's compliment is really deserved. You think that they're just saying nice things to you to be polite, or that their opinion of you is higher than it should be. In these situations, you can respond to the praise or compliment with "That's nice of you to say." A: You have a great singing voice! B: What? That's very nice of you to say, but I don't think so at all! Sometimes people respond to compliments this way, even when they completely agree with the compliment, in order to seem polite and modest. This phrase can stand on its own: That's nice of you to say. Or "say" can have an object: It's nice of you to say that. Or it can be in this form: That's not true, but it's nice of you to say. How does it go 怎么唱的? Your friend asks whether you know a certain song. You don't recognize the name, so you want her to sing or hum a little bit of it. Ask this when you want someone to sing the melody of a song that you can't remember. You can also say that a song "goes like this": A: How does it go? B: It goes like this: La da da dee da da... When you're asking about a song that you used to know, but don't know now, you can ask "How does it go again?" Daniel Day-Lewis gave an absolutely riveting performance! You're discussing a movie with a friend. You've seen it but he hasn't. You thought one of the actors was really, really good. You say this. (an actor) gave a performance When you talk about an actor acting in a movie, play, etc., use the phrase "give a performance": She gave a great performance. Musicians can also "give performances". a riveting performance Something that is "riveting" is so interesting that you can't look away from it. An actor's performance can be "riveting". A novel or a real person in a documentary film can also be riveting. This phrase comes from the word "rivet", which is something like a nail which holds pieces of metal together. When you see something "riveting", it keeps you from looking away or moving at all, as if your body has been riveted to your seat. No-no; this is for grown-ups. You're drinking a beer. Your 3-year-old son is curious about it, so he asks if he can drink some. grown-ups "Grown-ups" is a word that means "adults". "Grown-ups" is a word for children; children use it, and adults use it when speaking to young children. Stryker, you do not go in the pool without a grown-up! Do you understand me? Allow me to introduce Dr. Melanie Gantz. Dr. Gantz is a leading authority 头号权威 on Native American history and culture. You're a history student in college. Your department has invited a speaker to give a guest lecture, and you've been asked to introduce her. After thanking the audience for coming, you introduce her this way. Allow me to introduce (someone). This is one way to introduce someone: Allow me to introduce Meg Dennings. You can use this when you're introducing someone to an audience, or introducing two people directly to each other. It has a formal sound. Notice that you use the person's first and last name. It would sound strange to hear "Allow me to introduce" with just someone's first name. (someone) is a leading authority on (a topic) A "leading authority" is a well-known expert on something. You can use this phrase to describe people like scientists, economists, psychologists, etc. Native American culture "Native Americans" are the groups of people who lived in North America before Europeans came. People who are descended from these groups and maintain some on their traditions are still called "Native Americans". In years past, English speakers called them "Indians", but this was incorrect. Some people still call Native Americans "Indians", but in formal situations we say "Native Americans". It's official: (sentence) 官宣 Use this phrase to announce a decision that is now ready to be shared with the public. An "official" decision is final. It has been confirmed by someone with authority. For example, if you marry someone, the marriage is "official" when you complete all of your marriage paperwork with the government, or when you complete your wedding ceremony. Recently, more and more people have started to use "it's official" to talk about things that are only their own personal opinion. For example: It's official: Burger King is the worst restaurant in the world.
