形容词: emphatically [ɪmˈfætɪkli] 坚决否认, 断然否认 I. very firmly and clearly. If you say something emphatically, you say it in a forceful way which shows that you feel very strongly about what you are saying. 'No fast food', she said emphatically. Mr Davies has emphatically denied the charges. Adams emphatically denied that the conversation ever took place. II. in a very clear way that no one can argue about. You use emphatically to emphasize the statement you are making. Making people feel foolish is emphatically not my strategy. Politics is most emphatically back on the agenda. Scientists proved emphatically that there was a link between smoking and cancer. "It is emphatically denied that The Duke of York had any form of sexual contact or relationship with Virginia Roberts. Any claim to the contrary is false and without foundation 没有根据. This relates to proceedings in the United States, to which The Duke of York is not a party," the palace said in a statement. "Any suggestion of impropriety with underage minors is categorically untrue." categorical [ˌkætəˈɡɔrɪk(ə)l] 坚决的, 坚定的 clear and definite about what you mean. If you are categorical about something, you state your views very definitely and firmly. ...his categorical denial of the charges of sexual harassment. He is quite categorical that the U.N. should only help the innocent civilian population. They totally and categorically deny the charges. He stated categorically that this would be his last season in Formula One. a categorical assurance/ statement. unceremonious [ˌʌnserəˈmoʊniəs] done suddenly and with no attempt to be polite. without ceremony; informal, abrupt, rude, or undignified. an unceremonious refusal. he was unceremoniously dumped by the record company. pensive [ˈpensɪv] 若有所思的, 陷入沉思的
thinking in a quiet way, often with a serious expression on your face.
If you are pensive, you are thinking deeply about something, especially
something that worries you slightly. He looked suddenly sombre, pensive. Angela stared pensively out of the window. She became withdrawn and pensive 寡言少语的, hardly speaking to anyone. sombre = somber US [ˈsɑmbər]: I. 严肃的. 伤心的. 伤感的. If someone is sombre, they are serious or sad. The pair were in sombre mood. His expression became increasingly sombre. Unfortunately, this happy story finishes on a more sombre note. 'All the same, I wish he'd come back,' Martha said sombrely. She felt more sympathy for Neil's sombrely stolid manner than she ever had before. II. 色彩暗淡的. 深色调的. 暗色调的. Sombre colours and places are dark and dull. ...a worried official in sombre black. It was a beautiful house, but it was dark and sombre and dead. sober [ˈsoʊbər] I. not drunk. We'll talk about this tomorrow, when you're sober. II. with a serious attitude. A sober voice on the radio announced the bad news. We need a more sober assessment of the chances for ending this war. III. plain and not brightly colored. I'd suggest wearing something more sober for an event like this. IV. not drinking alcohol, either for a time or permanently. She is not sober herself but has many friends who are. live sober to no longer use, need or benefit from the consumption of illegal drugs, mind altering substances and alcohol. I made the choice to start living sober. Because I started living sober I now have so much more free time and energy. as sober as a judge not drunk; completely sober My conscience is sober as a judge, and just as judgmental. sober companion = sober coach a person who is hired to help a recovering addict or alcoholic stay sober We are an international sober coaching and sober companion company offering services on multiple continents. wistful [ˈwɪstfəl] 无可奈何的, 舍不得的, 遗憾的, 不舍的
slightly sad because you want to have or to do something. Someone who
is wistful is rather sad because they want something and know that they
cannot have it. I
can't help feeling slightly wistful about the perks I'm giving up. [+
about] He has a wistful look. 'I wish I had a little brother,' said
Daphne wistfully. I sensed her wistfulness when she talked about vacations her relatives took. a wistful expression/smile. a. used when you are thinking about something that made you happy in the past. Miranda felt a wistful longing for the old days. preposterous 没来由的, 荒谬的, 荒唐的, 莫名其妙的 adjective formal [prɪˈpɑst(ə)rəs] extremely unreasonable or silly. If you describe something as preposterous, you mean that it is extremely unreasonable and foolish. [disapproval] The whole idea was preposterous. ...their preposterous claim that they had unearthed a plot. Some prices are preposterously high. The whole idea is preposterous. It comes after Imogen set the record straight and shut down the 'preposterous' claims that she's ended her eight-year relationship with Kyle. egregious [ɪˈɡridʒəs] 非常糟糕的, 非常烂的 extremely bad. ...the most egregious abuses of human rights. It is shameful that this is happening in Australia, and it is extremely egregious that
homeowners like us now face the choice of bankruptcy or a massive
lifelong financial debt through no fault of our own," the residents
said. grovel [grɒvəl] I. [disapproval] If you say that someone grovels, you think they are behaving too respectfully towards another person, for example because they are frightened or because they want something. to show too much respect for someone or be too willing to obey someone, because you want to please them or you are afraid of them I had to really grovel to 讨好, 说好听的 the bank manager to get a loan. He sent a grovelling note of apology. Kyle and Jackie O's employee makes grovelling 谦卑的 apology after disturbing discovery. I don't grovel to 谨小慎微的, 唯唯诺诺的, 卑躬屈膝 anybody. Speakers have been shouted down, classes disrupted, teachers made to grovel. ...a letter of grovelling (groveling USA) apology. II. If you grovel, you crawl on the ground, for example in order to find something. to move close to or on the ground. to move along the ground on your hands and knees I saw him grovelling in the road for his hat. I was grovelling 爬来爬去 under the sofa, trying to find my contact lens. We grovelled around the club on our knees. pucker [up] I. if your lips pucker, you squeeze them together and out. When a part of your face puckers or when you pucker it, it becomes tight or stretched, often because you are trying not to cry or are going to kiss someone. Expecting a kiss, Katy puckered up her lips. Toby's face puckered. She puckered her lips into a rosebud and kissed him on the nose. ...puckered lips. ...a long puckered scar. He lifted up 抬起来 for me and straddled my chest, giving me wide entrance. My fingers found his puckered 皱皱的, 皱褶的 hole and I roughly inserted my index and middle fingers. Working his pussyslot open and his joyous writhing above me let me know he was a happy little pussyboy. When I felt he was ready, the third finger slipped in and I finger fucked him rapidly until he was grunting and groaning in time with 和着节拍, 随着节奏 my own rhythm. I lifted him, under his arms, almost picking him up completely and guided his ready asshole to my cock. As soon as I felt my cock head touch his love chute 爱槽 and slide into his gaping 张大的 cunthole, I slammed him down fully, burying my cock in him. He groaned a little, his eyes still glazed and far away. I was shocked at how small he seemed, sitting there, impaled on my piston hard cock. a. if your forehead puckers 皱起, 起皱, it becomes full of lines, for example because you are thinking or because your head hurts. II. if a material puckers or is puckered, it becomes full of folds and is not flat. repellent 恶心的, 糟糕透顶的 abhorrent formal, disgusting, repugnant formal, revolting, yucky informal. adj I. If you think that something is horrible and disgusting you can say that it is repellent. something that is repellent is so unpleasant that you want to avoid it completely. II. making you feel strong disapproval and that you do not want to be involved with someone or something: repellent behaviour/beliefs. I find any cruelty to children utterly repellent. ...a very large, very repellent toad. She still found the place repellent. noun. Insect repellent is a product containing chemicals that you spray into the air or on your body in order to keep insects away. ...mosquito repellent. a substance that deters insects or other pests from approaching or settling. "a flea repellent 杀虫剂, 驱虫剂". II. a substance used to treat something, especially fabric or stone, so as to make it impervious to water. "treat brick with a silicone water repellent". dissimilar different from someone or something else. two very dissimilar languages. If one thing is dissimilar to another, or if two things are dissimilar, they are very different from each other. His methods were not dissimilar to those used by Freud. It would be difficult to find two men who were more dissimilar. The identical treatment of such dissimilar items is totally illogical. One of his main themes is the dissimilarity between parents and children. dissimilar to: a weaving technique not dissimilar to the way fishermen make their nets. This isn't too dissimilar from 大同小异, 没啥不同, 几乎差不多 Kloss' claims, who recounts that Perry allegedly pulled his pants and underwear down at a party in 2012. devious [ˈdiːvɪəs] 虚虚实实的, 狡猾, 狡诈 I. (sly, scheming, calculating, tricky ) showing a skilful use of underhand tactics to achieve goals. Devious people or plans and methods are dishonest, often in a complicated way, but often also clever and successful: You have to be devious 算计的 if you're going to succeed in business. a devious scheme. "he's as devious as a politician needs to be". dishonest and clever. If you describe someone as devious you do not like them because you think they are dishonest and like to keep things secret, often in a complicated way. Devious describes someone who tends to lie and to trick other people. Devious credit card companies lure younger and younger people into debt with offers of low interest rates and even just free t-shirts. Newman was devious, prepared to say one thing in print and another in private. By devious means she tracked down the other woman. ...the deviousness of drug traffickers. a devious plot to overthrow the government. used about people's behavior He's devious, self-centered and arrogant. II. formal 迂回的. 绕路的. not direct. A devious route or path to a place involves many changes in direction, rather than being as straight and direct as possible. He followed a devious route. a devious route through the city. awkly I. Awkwardly. II. In an unlucky or perverse manner. crestfallen [ˈkrɛstfɔːlən] 垂头丧气的 adj sad and disappointed. "he came back empty-handed and crestfallen". lascivious [ləsɪviəs] (法律词汇) 色情的, 色眯眯的 adj [disapproval] expressing a strong desire for sexual activity. If you describe someone as lascivious, you disapprove of them because they show a very strong interest in sex. a lascivious smile. The man was lascivious, sexually perverted and insatiable [ɪnˈseɪʃəb(ə)l]. ...their lewd and lascivious talk. Being such a deliciously naughty man he held his cock out for me, lasciviously rubbing his thighs and bum but I refused to play, though I could have easily sucked him off then and there. Lascivious behavior is sexual behavior or conduct that is considered crude and offensive, or contrary to local moral or other standards of appropriate behavior. In this sense "lascivious" is similar in meaning to "lewd", "indecent", "lecherous", "unchaste ([ʌnˈtʃeɪst])", "licentious [laɪˈsenʃəs] (very interested in sex in a way that is unpleasant or offensive.)" or "libidinous [lɪˈbiːdɪnəs]". In American legal jargon, lascivious is a semi-technical term indicating immoral sexual actions and in certain cases, words or thoughts. It is often used in the legal description of criminal acts in which some sort of sexual activity is prohibited. The legal definition of the term varies greatly across jurisdictions, and has evolved significantly over time, reflective of current moral values as they relate to sexuality. In the 2000s, the term is often used as one of several adjectives to describe pornography, solicitation for prostitution, and indecent acts, such as the exposure of one's genitalia in public (e.g. Indecent exposure). intervening 其中的. 之间的 adjective [ before noun ] happening between two times or between other events or activities: It was a long time since my last visit to Berlin, and it had changed dramatically in the intervening period/years 这一段时间内, 这一时期. Much has changed in the 38 years. In the intervening years James has worked on practically every Bruce Beresford-directed movie. I. happening between two events or times. Not much has changed during the intervening six years. II. in the space between two people or things. The gardens are separated by an intervening wall. waterlogged 泥泞的, 湿透的 waterlogged ground is too wet to walk on or play sports on. a. used about clothes and other things that are extremely wet. Something such as soil or land that is waterlogged is so wet that it cannot absorb any more water, so that a layer of water remains on its surface. The match is off because of a waterlogged pitch. squishy [ˈskwɪʃi] rather soft, often softer than it should be. Something that is squishy is soft and easy to squash. ...squishy pink leather chairs. squashy [ˈskwɑʃi] soft and easily squashed. a squashy sofa/armchair. freewheeling 抛去束缚, 抛开陈见, 随心所欲的, 无拘无束的, 不受约束的, 目无法纪的, 放飞自我的
adj characterized by a disregard for rules or conventions;
unconstrained or uninhibited. not limited by rules or accepted ways of
doing things: a freewheeling lifestyle/society. "he exemplifies the freewheeling spirit of a certain sector of the digital economy".
If you refer to someone's freewheeling lifestyle or attitudes, you mean
that they behave in a casual, relaxed way without feeling restricted by
rules or accepted ways of doing things. He has given up his freewheeling lifestyle to settle down with his baby daughter. ...an update on corporate affairs delivered in Johnson's unique, freewheeling style. freewheel I. ride a bicycle with the pedals at rest, especially downhill. "the postman came freewheeling down the track". allow a motor vehicle to travel without the engine running or in neutral gear. "she was convinced that she saved a lot of petrol money by turning the engine off and freewheeling down the hill". II. act or proceed in a relaxed or casual way, without making much effort. "I'm not the sort of person who would freewheel his way to the end of a contract". freewheeler a person who is free of restraints, carefree, or uninhibited. the dashing American freewheeler Kate Field, whom he passionately liked. conjugal [ˈkɒndʒəɡ(ə)l] adj relating to marriage or the relationship between a married couple. "conjugal loyalty". conjugal visit a visit to a prisoner by their partner during which they have time together in a private room, and may have sex. conjugal rights the rights that each partner has in a marriage, especially the right each has to have sex with the other. conjugate [ˈkɑndʒəˌɡeɪt] I. [transitive] to state the different forms a verb can have, for example according to the number of people it refers to and whether it refers to the present, past, or future. When pupils or teachers conjugate a verb, they give its different forms in a particular order. ...a child who can read at one and is conjugating Latin verbs at four. II. [intransitive] if a verb conjugates, it has different forms. Today we learn how the verb "to be" conjugates. dusty I. drunk, hung-over. The state in which one wakes after a heavy night involving alcoholic beverages (getting otfp). The state is known to make people say things they never usually say, such as: "Can someone just fucking kill me", "I'm never drinking again". It's a feeling that no person ever wants to experience, as it reminds them that they are aging and their body can no longer perform with ease the next day, after participating in a bender or a big night out. "I just woke up and fuckk I'm Dusty". "I have never been this Dusty in my life."Don't drive if you're still feeling a bit dusty on New Year's Day . This way, if the mid-afternoon hangover kicks in brutally, you can plead food-poisoning-innocence… If you're REALLY feeling dusty, throw in a few comments to your workmates about how you've been feeling unwell all night and think you may be coming down with something – that way they'll be less shocked if you fall asleep under your desk in the early afternoon. II. covered with dust. If places, roads, or other things outside are dusty, they are covered with tiny bits of earth or sand, usually because it has not rained for a long time. They started strolling down the dusty 尘土飞扬的 road in the moonlight. ...a dusty old car. a dusty old violin case. III. covered with dry earth or sand. If a room, house, or object is dusty, it is covered with very small pieces of dirt. ...a dusty attic. The books looked faded, dusty and unused. A dusty trail led through the forest. IV. used for describing a color that is not bright because it has some gray in it. a dusty pink 暗粉色. dusty answer 应付一下, 随便给点什么 a brush off European leaders will give her a dusty answer and she will return from Brussels with nothing. mellifluous [mɪlɪfluəs] A mellifluous voice or piece of music is smooth and gentle and very pleasant to listen to. I grew up around people who had wonderful, mellifluous voices. Soon the room is filled with Bates' mellifluous tones. "We can go driving on my scooter," he told Corden. You can hear Elba's mellifluous voice around 2:40 minutes into the above clip. Or you can just hit play on "London Boy". counter- intuitive 不符合逻辑的, 不合常理的, 不合逻辑的 I. (of an idea, proposal, etc) seemingly contrary to common sense. opposite to what seems obvious or natural. (title contenders NBA 冠军竞争者) It seems counter intuitive to think you would start feeling better in your body as you get older, but that's EXACTLY the path I'm on!! Paul was obviously feeling all kinds of body positivity, but his fellow athletes couldn't resist a poke at as they joined forces to stir ball handler. (BASKETBALL a player particularly skilled at passing and dribbling.) "I'm glad you feeling good youngsta, but put some damn clothes on," Chauncey Billups commented. Even LeBron James and Dwyane Wade's sons, Bronny and Zaire, joined in on the ribbing. "Yo chill," Carmelo Anthony wrote. II. intelligence collected about enemy espionage. idiotic [ˌɪdiˈɑtɪk] extremely stupid. If you call someone or something idiotic, you mean that they are very stupid or silly. What an idiotic thing to say! ...his idiotically romantic views. Stop asking idiotic questions! We both know why you brought Shannon here, and it's idiotic. Okay, and not to mention immature. depraved [dɪpreɪvd] 邪恶的 (the most vile criminal 邪恶的罪犯. nefarious, wicked. the atrocious nature of his crime. the appalling nature of the crime and the bleak prospects for change. ) Depraved actions, things, or people are morally bad or evil. ...a disturbing and depraved film. She described it as the work of depraved and evil criminals. Disturbing details into Aaron Campbell's mindset have been revealed as part of his appeal against his sentence. Evil Aaron Campbell snatched six-year-old Alesha from her bed as she visited her dad and grandparents on the Isle of Bute. The teenager who raped and murdered six-year-old Alesha MacPhail continues to have depraved thoughts in prison. Something that depraves someone makes them morally bad or evil. ...material likely to deprave or corrupt those who see it. sanguine [ˈsæŋɡwɪn] 乐观积极的, 正面的 I. cheerful and confident; optimistic. If you are sanguine about something, you are cheerful and confident that things will happen in the way you want them to. He's remarkably sanguine about the problems involved. They have begun to take a more sanguine view. sanguine about the future. He's remarkably sanguine about the problems involved. Her friend is not quite as sanguine about 不觉得怎样的 it. "Well, we live in Germany, and as German taxpayers it's our problem, too," he says. "We've come to the point where everyone is asking what's going wrong here. There's always something new that's not working." Kelly Clarkson has remained sanguine even ambivalent有矛盾心情的 about her success. II. (esp of the complexion) ruddy in appearance. a sanguine complexion. Word History: The similarity in form between sanguine 面孔红润的, 乐观向上的, 快乐自信的, "cheerfully optimistic," and sanguinary [ˈsæŋɡwɪnərɪ] 嗜血如命的( I. 血腥的. 血腥杀戮的. accompanied by much bloodshed. sanguinary actions are violent and cruel, involving a lot of killing. they lost heavily in the sanguinary campaigns that followed. II. bloodthirsty. marked by eagerness to resort to violence and bloodshed. III. consisting of, flowing, or stained with blood. note: When something is sanguinary it involves a lot of blood or, at least, the pursuit of blood. Vampire movies are sanguinary: Romper Room is not. If you're familiar with French, then you'll recognize the French word for "blood," sang, in sanguinary. And if you do, then you'll have no trouble remembering the meaning, "having a bloodthirsty quality." Movies have become increasingly sanguinary. Why all the blood and gore? What happened to good old-fashioned suspense?), "bloodthirsty," may prompt one to wonder how they have come to have such different meanings. The explanation lies in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors or bodily fluids (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile). The relative proportions of these fluids was thought to determine a person's temperament. If blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face 面孔红润 ( [ˈrʌdi] 红扑扑的 red and looking healthy. ruddy-faced men. ) and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love. Such a temperament was called sanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our word sanguine. ambivalent I. Simultaneously experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings, beliefs, or motivations. having or showing ambivalence: ambivalent 好坏参半的 feelings. II. Alternately having one opinion or feeling, and then the opposite. If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it. She remained ambivalent 拿不定主意的, 天人交战的, 不是很笃定的, 一半一半的, 模棱两可的, 不确定的, 不知道到底好不好的 about her marriage. He maintained an ambivalent attitude to the Church throughout his long life. I've never lied about my feelings, including my ambivalence about getting married again. Five years ago the book was ambivalently received. ambivalence (æmˈbɪvələns) or ambivalency n. the simultaneous existence of two opposed and conflicting attitudes, emotions, etc. glad-handing being very friendly to people you have not met before, as a way of trying to get an advantage: political glad-handing. glad-hand if a politician glad-hands people at a public event, they shake hands with them and appear friendly, often in a way that is not honest. (especially of a politician) greet or welcome warmly. "they had been taking every free minute to glad-hand loyal supporters". Netflix's The Spy, which dropped 登陆 on August 6, sees Sacha Baron Cohen take on a rare non-comedic role (and is it ever non-comedic) as true-life Israeli spy Eli Cohen, who rose up through the levels of Syria's government in the guise of a glad-handing businessman. Cohen was an Egyptian-born Jew who joined Israeli military intelligence only to grow disillusioned and take up work as a filing clerk. Cohen did in fact move to Buenos Aires in 1961 in order to make his cover 掩盖身份, 假身份 plausible, before travelling to Syria in 1962 and infiltrating the government. He would throw lavish parties where he would make alcohol and women available to officials while secretly passing on the gossip that flowed to his superiors in Israel. As he rose through the ranks, he left gossip behind and began to acquire classified information. disillusioned [ˌdɪsɪˈluʒ(ə)n] 幻灭的, 美梦破碎的 disappointed because you have discovered that someone or something is not as good as you had believed. Disillusioned teachers are leaving the profession in large numbers. disillusioned with: Voters are very disillusioned with the democratic process. If you are disillusioned with something, you are disappointed, because it is not as good as you had expected or thought. I've become very disillusioned with 失望透顶 politics. He had become disillusioned because he could not find a job. adhesive [ədˈhisɪv] a substance used for making things stick together. abrasive [əˈbreɪsɪv] I. 粗暴的. 粗鲁的. behaving in way that seems rude to other people, because you say what you think even if it is not nice. Someone who has an abrasive manner is unkind and rude. His abrasive manner has won him an unenviable notoriety. Pamela was unrepentant 不后悔的, 不懊悔的 about her strong language and abrasive remarks. an abrasive manner. In Australia, Bolt is a highly controversial public figure, who has frequently been criticised for his alleged abrasive demeanour and accused of inappropriate remarks on various political and social issues. II. 粗糙的. having a rough surface that can be used to rub and clean other surfaces. An abrasive substance is rough and can be used to clean hard surfaces. ...a new all-purpose, non-abrasive cleaner. untenable [ʌnˈtɛnəb(ə)l] 经受不住考验的, 经受不住攻击的, 难以为继的, 难以坚持的, 难以维持的 adj (especially of a position or view) not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection. An argument, theory, or position that is untenable cannot be defended successfully against criticism or attack. This argument is untenable from an intellectual, moral and practical standpoint. He claimed the charges against him were untenable. "the Government's position is untenable". "this argument is clearly untenable". "When you see Marie's experience, it's easy to understand why someone might recant, even in a case where she actually was assaulted,” said reporter Ken Armstrong, who co-wrote the original story along with T. Christian Miller. "For her, that was the easiest way out of a situation that had become untenable. She was being confronted, and she just buckled under pressure. And they gave her an opportunity to go home, if she would say what they wanted her to say, so that's what she did". As Armstrong tells me, the detectives in Lynnwood used the Reid technique, a criminal-interrogation technique that has been criticized for its propensity to elicit 招来, 招致 false confessions. It is excruciating to watch the detectives bluff and manipulate Marie, yet it doesn't paint them as one-note 只有一个面向的, 纯粹的, 百分百的 villains; rather, it shows how poorly the criminal-justice system is equipped to deal with sexual-assault victims, and how easy it is to make catastrophic mistakes if you don't have the right training. Many police still don't have adequate education in how to deal with sexual-assault cases, although some advocates are working to change that." propensity [prəˈpensəti] 倾向 A propensity to do something or a propensity for something is a natural tendency that you have to behave in a particular way. a natural tendency to behave in a particular way. Mr Bint has a propensity to put off decisions to the last minute. She hasn't reckoned on his propensity for violence. propensity to something: ways of reducing children's propensity to aggression. propensity for something: Their propensity for violence is virtually limitless. one-note 单调的, 无聊的 adj. not changing or varying, as in subject matter or tone; uniform; monotonous. unvarying in tone or emphasis. Lacking in variety; tedious or boring. Having only one opinion, outlook, tone, etc., especially as expressed repetitively; without variety or range. How can you read those one-note books? They're so dull that they put me to sleep! When I need a new perfume, I look for a complex fragrance, not something that's just one-note. a one-note campaigner.
vicarious VS precarious VS nefarious: 1. nefarious [nɪˈferiəs] 邪恶的(vile) evil, or dishonest. If you describe an activity as nefarious, you mean that it is wicked and immoral. Why make a whole village prisoner if it was not to some nefarious purpose? vicariously [vɪˈkeərɪəslɪˈ; US: vaɪ] in a way that is experienced in the imagination through the actions of another person. "she was living vicariously through her children". vicarious US: [vaɪˈkeəriəs] UK: [vɪˈkeəriəs]
间接体验的,替代别人的, 感同身受的. I. experienced through the actions of other people. Experienced or
gained by the loss or to the consequence of another person, rather than
through first-hand experience, such as through watching or reading.
experienced as a result of watching, listening to, or reading about the
activities of other people, rather than by doing the activities
yourself: read about mountain climbing and experienced vicarious thrills身临其境的不寒而栗. She took a vicarious pleasure 感同身受的, 替别人高兴 in her friend's achievements. People experience vicarious pleasures 犹如身临其境的愉悦 through watching television.
II. 代人受过. 代人赎罪. Done on behalf of others. The concept of vicarious
atonement, that one person can atone for the sins of another, is found
in many religions. precarious 危险的, 随时有危险的 [prɪˈkeəriəs] [prəˈkɛəriəs] I. (comparable) Dangerously insecure or unstable; perilous. likely to change or become dangerous without warning. a precarious future/situation/position/existence. For the refugees life was always precarious. II. not safe or likely to fall. Her position on the ledge was somewhat precarious. a precarious 随时都会倒塌似的 chimney. glorious I. 让人身心愉悦的. very beautiful in a way that makes you feel happy. The cottage is surrounded by the most glorious countryside. The colours are quite glorious. II. glorious weather 温暖灿烂的 is sunny and warm. a glorious sunny day. III. extremely successful and likely to be remembered for a long time. Ireland has won a glorious victory over England. reminders of the country's glorious past 荣耀的历史. IV. informal very enjoyable. We had a glorious time. get (all) the glory 得到荣耀: I did the hard work and someone else got all the glory. bask in the glory of something (=enjoy it): The film studio is still basking in the glory of its 14 Oscar nominations. reflected glory 连带的荣耀 (=glory because of someone else's success): She enjoyed the reflected glory of her daughter's fame. a blaze of publicity/glory 万众瞩目 a lot of attention and excitement from the public and from newspapers, television etc. to finish in style. "I'm going down in a blaze of glory" (Jon Bon Jovi, Blaze of glory). Naturally, their divorce took place amid a blaze of publicity. If you go out in a blaze of glory 荣誉退休, 最后发光发热, you do something very dramatic at the end of your career or your life which makes you famous.On his last day as a detective he solved two cases. He really went out in a blaze of glory. I am never going back to prison. I am going to make national news headlines and go out in a blaze of glory. crowning glory I. the best and most notable aspect of something. The scene is the crowning glory of this marvellously entertaining show. II. humorous a person's hair 秀发(raven-haired乌黑油亮的秀发: with shiny black hair). He had a great mass of raven hair and he was very proud of this crowning glory. in all its/their etc glory looking very beautiful or impressive. The road to the west reveals the forest in all its glory. 2. A vicarious US [vaɪˈkeriəs] UK [vɪˈkeriəs] 间接的
pleasure or feeling is experienced by watching, listening to, or
reading about other people doing something, rather than by doing it
yourself. She invents fantasy lives for
her own vicarious pleasure. Lots of people use television as their
vicarious form of social life. ...a father who lived vicariously through
his sons' success. vicarious liability 连带责任
the situation where one person is held legally responsible for the
actions of another person, for example when an employer is responsible
for the acts of an employee. Vicarious liability is often referred to as
employers' secondary liability. Vicarious shame为他人的行为而羞耻害臊( vicarious [vi'kɛəriəs] I. Felt or undergone as if one were taking part in the experience or feelings of another: read about mountain climbing and experienced vicarious thrills身临其境的不寒而栗. II. Endured or done by one person substituting for another: vicarious punishment代人受过.
III. a. Acting or serving in place of someone or something else;
substituted. b. Committed or entrusted to another, as powers or
authority; delegated.): refers to the experience of shame on behalf of another person. Individuals vary in their tendency to experience vicarious shame, which is related to neuroticism and to the tendency to experience personal shame. Extremely shame-prone people
might even experience vicarious shame even to an increased degree, in
other words: shame on behalf of another person who is already feeling
shame on behalf of a third party (or possibly on behalf of the
individual proper). Genuine shame: is associated with genuine dishonor, disgrace, or condemnation. False shame: is associated with false condemnation as in the double-bind form of false shaming; "he brought what we did to him upon himself". Author and TV personality John Bradshaw calls shame the "emotion that lets us know we are finite". Secret/hidden shame不可告人的羞耻: describes the idea of being ashamed to be ashamed, so causing ashamed people to keep their shame a secret. Toxic shame: describes false, pathological shame, and Bradshaw states that toxic shame is induced, inside children, by all forms of child abuse. Incest and other forms of child sexual abuse can cause particularly severe toxic shame. Toxic shame often induces what is known as complex trauma in children who cannot cope with toxic shaming as it occurs and who dissociate ( [dɪˈsəusieɪt] = disassociate [ˌdɪsəˈsəusiˌeɪt] I. formal to consider two people or things to be separate, different, or not connected to each other. I was making films while I was still a pop singer and it was difficult to dissociate 分裂开来, 分开, 分割, 切割, 分开对待, 分别对待 the two. II. to show clearly that someone is not connected with someone or something. dissociate yourself/someone from someone/something: MPs have been urging the government to dissociate itself entirely from the war. ) the shame until it is possible to cope with.
evolving VS revolving: revolving I. a. tending to revolve or recur. especially. recurrently available. b. of, relating to, or being credit that may be used repeatedly up to the specified limit and is usually repaid in regular proportional installments. II. turning around on or as if on an axis. a revolving platform. The band played on a revolving stage. revolving door 旋转门. revolving restaurant 旋转餐厅. revolving door I. Some large buildings have revolving doors instead of an ordinary door. They consist of four glass doors which turn together in a circle around a vertical post. As he went through the revolving doors he felt his courage deserting him. ...the doorman by the revolving door. II. When you talk about a revolving door, you mean a situation in which the employees or owners of an organization keep changing. [disapproval] They have accepted an offer from another firm with a busy revolving door 走马灯似的更换. revolving door syndrome I. humorous a situation in which adult children return to live with their parents, often for financial reasons, after a period of living away from home. II. a situation in which the people employed by an organization change often. revolving presidency 轮值主席 a form of presidency in which the president and vice-president, or countries or bodies acting as such, switch roles after a set period and then back again and so on. Italy has taken over the revolving presidency of the EU. revolving fund an amount of money that is available to be borrowed and is then replaced so that it always remains the same amount. Revolving credit is a type of credit that does not have a fixed number of payments, in contrast to installment credit. Credit cards are an example of revolving credit used by consumers. Corporate revolving credit facilities are typically used to provide liquidity 流动资金 for a company's day-to-day 日常运转 operations. They were first introduced by the Strawbridge and Clothier Department Store. It is an arrangement which allows for the loan amount to be withdrawn, repaid, and redrawn again in any manner and any number of times, until the arrangement expires. Credit card loans and overdrafts are revolving loans, also called evergreen loan. revolve 围绕着旋转 I. If you say that one thing revolves around another thing, you mean that the second thing is the main feature or focus of the first thing. Since childhood, her life has revolved around tennis. This plot revolves around a youngster who is shown various stages of his life. II. If a discussion or conversation revolves around a particular topic, it is mainly about that topic. The debate revolves around specific accounting techniques. The conversation revolved around the terrible condition of the road. III. If one object revolves around another object, the first object turns in a circle around the second object. The satellite revolves around the Earth once every hundred minutes. IV. When something revolves or when you revolve it, it moves or turns in a circle around a central point or line. Overhead, the fan revolved slowly. Monica picked up her pen and revolved it between her teeth. evolve 生长发育, 变革, 革新, 进步, 成长 I. [intransitive] 生长发育. when a type of plant or animal evolves, its physical form changes over a long period of time. When animals or plants evolve, they gradually change and develop into different forms. The bright plumage of many male birds has evolved to attract females. Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico. ...when amphibians evolved into reptiles. These unique plants evolved undisturbed for millions of years. evolve from: a debate as to whether birds evolved from dinosaurs. evolve into: Slowly, these tiny organisms evolved into multicelled creatures. a. [transitive] to gradually develop particular physical features. Flowers have evolved markings that attract bees. II. [intransitive] to gradually change and develop over a period of time. If something evolves or you evolve it, it gradually develops over a period of time into something different and usually more advanced. Miley Cyrus statement: Ever-evolving, changing as partners and individuals, they have decided this is what's best while they both focus on themselves and careers. They still remain dedicated parents to all of their animals they share while lovingly taking this time apart. Please respect their process and privacy. ...a tiny airline which eventually evolved into Pakistan International Airlines. Popular music evolved from folk songs. As medical knowledge evolves, beliefs change. This was when he evolved the working method from which he has never departed. Computer software will continue to evolve in response to users' needs. evolve into: They're hoping the trade talks might evolve into a political dialogue. evolve from: The research project evolved from a concept first proposed in 1995. a. [transitive] to develop something gradually. how teachers can evolve new ways of working. revolution I. [countable/ uncountable] a situation in which people completely change their government or political system, usually by force. the French/Russian Revolution. a group committed to promoting revolution. II. [countable] a sudden or major change, especially in ideas or methods. a sexual/cultural revolution. revolution in: A revolution in information technology is taking place. III. [countable/uncountable] the movement of something in a circle around something else, either once or continuously. the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. a. [countable] one complete turn made by something moving in a circle around a fixed point. Engine speed is measured in revolutions per minute.
gratuitous VS unnecessary: gratuitous 不合常理的, 没来由的, 师出无名的, 没道理的, 没理由的, 莫名其妙的: it's uncalled for, has no reason. (of something such as bad behaviour) not necessary, or with no cause: Bolsonaro launched another tirade against Macron, accusing the French president of unleashing "unreasonable and gratuitous attacks on the Amazon." Justice
Martin Burns accepted Cuic did not intend to harm or kill the drug
dealer. But he said the bikie's decision to take the weapon to an
already heightened situation was a "serious example of criminal
negligence". Justice Burns said Cuic and Cokara's actions that night
were "gratuitous and unnecessary" "The potential for harm to come to
the deceased was very high, but the same may also be said for any member
of the public who was within range," he said. A lot of viewers complained that there was too much gratuitous sex and violence in the film. unnecessary 没必要的, 不需要的:
not needed. On social networks the abbreviation "GPOY" had been popular
for a long time. It stands for: "Gratuitous Picture Of Yourself".
People used it as a hashtag when they posted photos they had taken for
no apparent reason. They didn't do anything special or went to any
place, just wanted to take a photo of themselves. So when you do
something gratuitous you have no reason and people didn't ask you to do
it. You just do it because you want to. "Unnecessary" simply means
unneeded. There's an overlap in their meaning but gratuitous has a
stronger sense of the thing or action not having a reason while
unnecessary simply communicates that the thing or action isn't needed. A:
I bought a new phone. B: Oh wow, what a gratuitous ( reasonless )
purchase... A: Why? My old phone was outdated. I had a good reason to
buy a new one. B: Your old phone is like 2 months old. However you look
at it, the purchase was unnecessary ( unneeded ). "B"
thought the purchase had no reason because "A" has a functioning phone
but "A" argued that he had a reason. So in the end "B" pointed out, that
even if the purchase wasn't reasonless it wasn't needed. You have to
remember though that "need" and "reason" are subjective therefore people
might use "gratuitous" and "unnecessary" in ways you don't agree with.
The basic idea however is that "gratuitous" is something reasonless and
uncalled for while "unnecessary" is something that might have a reason
but is unneeded.
