用法学习: 1. A countdown is a sequence of backward counting to indicate the time remaining before an event is scheduled to occur. NASA commonly employs the terms "L-minus" and "T-minus" during the preparation for and anticipation of a rocket launch, and even "E-minus" for events that involve spacecraft that are already in space, where the "T" could stand for "Test" or "Time", and the "E" stands for "Encounter", as with a comet or some other space object. Other events for which countdowns are commonly used include the detonation of an explosive, the start of a race, the start of the New Year, or any anxiously anticipated event. L- (pronounced "L minus") refers to the days, hours, and minutes remaining in the scheduled countdown to launch, which occurs at L-0. The "L" stands for launch. T- (pronounced "T minus”) refers to the time remaining on the official countdown clock. During planned holds in the countdown process (when the countdown clock is intentionally stopped), the T- time also stops. The L- time, however, is synced to the clock on the wall and continues to advance. Under normal conditions, these countdowns remain in sync. For example, there is a 15 minute hold planned at T-4 minutes, which occurs at L-19 minutes. Once the hold is lifted and the countdown resumes, the clocks will be synced and show 4 minutes remaining. 2. nothing of the sort/kind 绝不会干那样的事, 才不会干那样的事 spoken used to say strongly or angrily that something is not true or will not happen. 'I'll pay.' 'You'll do nothing of the sort!' used to say angrily that something is not true or that someone should not do something. It's used when strongly contradicting something that has just been said. 'I'm going to watch TV.' 'You'll do nothing of the sort!'. 'We're going to talk this over in my office'.—'We're going to do nothing of the sort'. Mrs Adamson said that she was extremely sorry, in tones that made it clear that she was nothing of the sort 绝不是那样的人, 才不是那样的人. 3. In the creation and criticism of fictional works, a character flaw 性格缺陷 or heroic flaw is a bias, limitation, imperfection, problem, personality disorders, vices, phobia, prejudice, or deficiency present in a character who may be otherwise very functional. The flaw can be a problem that directly affects the character's actions and abilities, such as a violent temper. Alternatively, it can be a simple foible or personality defect, which affects the character's motives and social interactions, but little else. Flaws can add complexity, depth and humanity to the characters in a narrative. For example, the sheriff with a gambling addiction, the action hero who is afraid of heights, or a lead in a romantic comedy who must overcome his insecurity regarding male pattern baldness are all characters whose flaws help provide dimension. Perhaps the most widely cited and classic of character flaws is Achilles' famous heel. In general, flaws can be categorized as minor, major, or tragic. Tragic/fatal flaw 缺陷, 致命缺点, 致命弱点(Suddenly, their fatal flaw does not seem quite so serious. Wedding lists have other fatal flaws. Many popular management books contain a fatal flaw. ) This is a specific sort of flaw, also known as "Hamartia", which is possessed by Aristotelian tragic heros. It is a flaw which causes an otherwise noble or exceptional character to bring about their own downfall 衰落, 跌落, 灭亡 and, often, their eventual death. Examples of this could include hubris 傲慢 ( describes a personality quality 性格特征, 个性特征 of extreme or foolish pride or dangerous overconfidence, often in combination with (or synonymous with) arrogance. In its ancient Greek context, it typically describes behavior that defies the norms of behavior or challenges the gods, and which in turn brings about the downfall, or nemesis, of the perpetrator of hubris. The adjectival form of the noun hubris is "hubristic". Hubris is usually perceived as a characteristic of an individual rather than a group, although the group the offender belongs to may suffer collateral consequences from the wrongful act. Hubris often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one's own competence, accomplishments or capabilities. ), misplaced trust, excessive curiosity, pride 尊严, 自尊 and lack of self-control. This fall usually occurs at the beginning of a story, with the story itself concentrates on the consequences or attempted redemption of the fall. 4. Taylor's lawyers hit Kimye with some pretty hefty legal threats telling her to destroy the tape, but what happened next is the kind of stuff that gives angels their wings and gossip fiends 八卦大王 (fiend [find] I. mainly literary a very evil person. If you describe someone as a fiend, you mean that they are extremely wicked or cruel. We must catch the fiend who did this. II. informal someone who is extremely enthusiastic about something. Fiend can be used after a noun to refer to a person who is very interested in the thing mentioned, and enjoys having a lot of it or doing it often. ...if you're a heavy coffee drinker or strong-tea fiend. He's a real fresh air fiend. ) their receipts. It all started in 2009 when West crashed the 2009 VMA's stage in order to hijack Swift's speech, insisting that Beyonce should have won the award rather than Swift. Kardashian was not yet with West, as the two would not start dating until 2012. 5. hand over fist If you say that someone is making or losing money hand over fist, you mean that they are getting or losing a lot of money very quickly. While he's not exactly making money hand over fist, his income is higher than the national average. figment of sb's imagination 子虚乌有, 编造想象出来的 If you say that something is a figment of someone's imagination, you mean that it does not really exist and that they are just imagining it. The attack wasn't just a figment of my imagination. something imagined or created by your mind: The dinosaurs he said he saw were figments of his imagination. 5. know little/nothing and care less (about someone or something) 不知道也不关心, 不知道也不想知道 To have very little knowledge and absolutely no concern about someone or something. A: "Don't you have any family who would take you in?" A: "I had a half-brother who lived upstate, but the last time I checked, he knew little and cared less about what happens to me." the less said, the better 说得越少越好 It is best to say as little about a difficult or unfortunate topic or situation as possible (to avoid making it worse or dwelling on it for too long). Can also be structured as "the less said about (something), the better." And when it comes to the company's previous failed product, well, the less said, the better. Look, I don't like their plan either, but moping about it won't solve anything. The less said about it, the better. a (damn) sight less/fewer (something) Quite a lot less or fewer of something (than someone or something). "Damn" is used to emphasize the degree to which an amount is less/fewer. ("Less" is used when discussing uncountable nouns, while "fewer" is used with countable nouns.) We were much busier than we had expected, so we had a sight fewer staff than we needed. Excuse me, she has a damn sight less experience than I do in this matter, so I'll thank you to refer to me in the future. more haste, less speed Acting too quickly and without due diligence, focus, and attention to detail will result in avoidable mistakes and thus require even more time to complete the task satisfactorily. (The logic of the phrase is essentially "too much haste results in less overall speed.") Primarily heard in UK. I know we're all eager to get the new software released to the public, but remember: more haste, less speed. We don't want to end up wasting time fixing bugs that could have been avoided. 6. more by luck than judgment 运气多过实力, 幸运多过实力, 走了狗屎运 by chance and not because of any special skill. used for saying that something happened because of luck and not because of someone's skill or intelligence "You did amazingly well to get the ball in." "Oh, it was more by luck than judgment." have more luck than sense/brains to be lucky but not intelligent. Jane went driving out into Death Valley without any water. She survived—she has more luck than sense. Tom: I like to drive ninety miles an hour on the freeway. Nobody's ever caught me. Mary: You have more luck than sense. have more money than sense used for saying that you think someone is wasting their money. To have a lot of money but spend it frivolously or unwisely. That guy must have more money than sense—why else would he buy such an expensive car? $1000 on a handbag? She must have more money than sense. 7. Queen Elizabeth and Aberfan: Following weeks of unusually heavy rain, a colliery 煤矿 ( [kɒljəri] A colliery is a coal mine and all the buildings and equipment which are connected with it. ) spoil 废渣 tip 堆 — a mountain of mining waste — located on a slope above Aberfan liquefied and collapsed on the morning of October 21. The avalanche of black slurry 糊糊 ( [ˈslʌri] a mixture of water and something such as waste from animals or coal dust. Slurry is a watery mixture of something such as mud, animal waste, or dust. ...farm slurry and industrial waste. ) slid downhill and into the village, where it engulfed the junior school and numerous houses, leaving people trapped and buried under the rubble 瓦砾. Only 28 pupils at Pantglas Junior School that morning, the last day before mid-term break, survived the landslide. As well as covering the impact of the 1966 tragedy on the United Kingdom more generally, The Crown looks at Queen Elizabeth II's actions in the aftermath. When she did visit Aberfan, Her Majesty surveyed the damage 考察, 视察, 查看 and met with grieving relatives of those killed. 8. bust on (someone or something) I. slang To tease or ridicule someone. I only said one dumb thing—quit busting on me! II. To physically attack someone. That group of kids looks dangerous, like they're just waiting to bust on some unsuspecting passerby. to attack someone or a group. These three guys busted on Bubba and broke his arm. 两个用例: I'm feeling the urge 冲动 to hug you. And one and two All right, Gollum, we're good. Are you sure you guys don't want to come with us to Napa? You could probably still get a room. No, I think we're just gonna have a quiet weekend at home. Plus, I'm not sure it's a great idea to take Penny to where wine comes from. What? It's a joke. Oh, come on. We bust on 互相取笑, 互相开玩笑 each other. I wear dorky glasses( dork 土包子 (dorky) If you say that someone is a dork, you think they dress badly in old-fashioned clothes and behave very awkwardly in social situations. [US, informal, disapproval] an insulting word for someone who you think is stupid because they behave or dress in a way that is not considered fashionable ...their unshakeable conviction that family holidays were strictly for dorks. ), you might have a problem -- it's all for laughs. That would really piss me off if I didn't have a buzz going on. Howard, which pocket watch will you be wearing for dinner on the train? I'm sorry, what? Oh, I'm afraid if we wear the same pocket watch, it will be embarrassing. I don't own a pocket watch. Talking to my mom to get more confidence is like talking to a lion to get more alive. Well, my dad thinks it's because Howard's always making fun of me. Well, that makes sense. Well, what do you mean, that makes sense? Well, Howard does make fun of him a lot. Well, that's not all Howard's fault. I mean, if Raj doesn't want to be made fun of, then I Hmm. I don't know a nice way to finish this sentence. Well, so you're on his side? I'm just saying, that's what friends do. You know, they bust on each other. It doesn't mean anything. Well, I'm not surprised you think so. Why is that? Well, you can be kind of mean to me. Well, that's because you're Wow. I don't know how to finish that sentence, either. You know what? I think we're both done being disrespected. I got a few rounds left in me. Attaboy, champ. 9. 山林大火: "I'm at my parents' place and… I've got to try and work out how I rig up 自行打造, DIY some firefighting equipment around their house and try and save their house," Joyce said, his voice calm. "There are spot fires ( a fire started by flying sparks or embers at a distance from the main fire. The term spot fire describes a fire ignited outside of a burn unit as a result of a windborne ember 火星子 (sometimes referred to as a firebrand). Prescribed fire practitioners should be diligent to watch for spot fires and extinguish them quickly before they reach unmanageable sizes. ) round it. I don't know how this works, we'll just do our best job." "Our problem right now is to try and keep people safe…. The problem for me right now is to make sure that my parents' house is safe. My problem right now is to stop these dead----s driving up and down our road rubbernecking ( rubberneck I. to look at something, especially a car accident, as you are passing it. Passing drivers slowed down to rubberneck at the accident. II. to stand on one's toes in a crowd of ardent admirers to see a celebrity passing by. Surely he meant to say that "celebrity drivel and rubbernecking are what drive our site". )." Joyce would also not be drawn on his controversial comments about fire deaths. The fire was downgraded to advice level after water bombers dumped flame retardant ( fire-retardant 止火化学物, 惰性化学物品 adj. & noun. fire-retardant cloth has chemicals in it that make it difficult to burn. a substance that reduces the rate of a chemical reaction. ) across house roofs. The air is still heavy with smoke and there are still fears strong winds and dry conditions could cause embers to reignite fresh blazes in surrounding areas. 10. marry beneath (one's) station To marry someone who is of a lower social class or standing than oneself. A: "I hear that Mr. Sullivan plans to marry a local fishmonger's daughter." B: "Why would a man of his esteem marry beneath his station like that?" Janet has a bright future with one of the best law firms in town, so it's beyond me why she's marrying beneath her station with some fast food worker. Why high-achievers are no longer marrying beneath them 下嫁. The era of marrying up or down is over. Now the well-heeled seek People Like Us. 10. Howard. I've had my eye on 看中, 看上眼 this limited edition Swamp Thing, but now that I'm about to buy it, I'm having second thoughts. What do you think? I don't know, Sheldon, it's pretty expensive. Yes, but what if it will make me happy, you know, waking up and seeing it every morning for the rest of my life? Really, a walking clump of swamp grass? Yeah, well, Bernadette's no prize [praɪz] ( I. 奖项, 奖励. 奖品. a reward that you get for being successful in a sport, competition, or game, or for being better than others at something. Someone who has won a prize is called a prize winner. Instead of winning first prize, Norman finished fourth. the Nobel Prize for chemistry. Previous winners of the prize have been Quincy Jones and Dizzy Gillespie. award a prize: The prize is awarded annually to an individual or group of people. II. something very important that you try very hard to get. the prize of freedom/peace. No prizes for guessing a phrase which is used to show that something is quite evident. No prizes for guessing which choice the politicians will make for us. consolation prize 安慰奖 a small prize given to someone who has failed to win. ) either! 11. I know sympathy and financial assistance ( 片段1: Amy (on Skype): Hi, Sheldon. What's new? Sheldon: Our friends are jerks, and I'm mad at all of them. Amy: I said what's new, but sure. Sheldon: Can you believe they planned a trip to Las Vegas and didn't invite me? Amy: Did you refuse to apologize and act like they were stupid for being mad? Sheldon: You know, I liked it better when there was still a little mystery left in our relationship. Amy: Everyone tried to take care of you, and you were nothing but mean to them. Sheldon: I can't believe you're not on my side. I was on your side when someone stole your car radio. Amy: Who else's side could you have been on? Sheldon: I don't know. A music-loving hobo with a heart of gold? Amy: Sheldon, I understand that you're upset because you feel left out, but I don't know why we're even talking about this. Just apologize to them. Sheldon: Fine, if that's what it takes to go on their dumb trip. Amy: Maybe you could try apologizing because you actually feel bad. It's called empathy. It's something you could work on. Sheldon: I have empathy. Watch. Leonard made me soup, and I was mean to him. Amy: Great. Now try it as if this isn't your first day as a person. Sheldon: Fine. Leonard made me soup, and I was mean to him. Hey, I felt a little something. Let me try again. Leonard made me soup, and I was mean to him. I was mean to him. He must have felt terrible. Oh, now I feel terrible. Neat. Amy: Glad I could help. 片段2: Amy: Hello. What you doing? Sheldon: Oh, taking another picture with my baby. Look how big he got. It's fun to see you this excited. Aw, thank you, that's so (stammers) Don't sit there! What, what? I, uh-- sorry. It's part of my organization system. That's where those papers go. Okay. Um, how about if I just slide this notebook over 笔记本挪一下 Eh You know what, it's fine. I'll just be in the bedroom. No, no. Uh, this is your apartment, too. Uh, look, I'll stop for the night and clean this up. Well, that's very considerate, Sheldon. I know. See, I'm trying this new technique where I imagine how I would feel in someone else's position. You mean empathy? Oh, I thought I came up with it. Well, regardless, I appreciate the effort. ) for those in the midst of the crisis is important. However, when political leaders such as Prime Minister Scott Morrison offer their "thoughts and prayers", it's hard to read this as anything but disingenuous ( [ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenjuəs] 不真诚的 not really honest or sincere, and only pretending to be. ). 12. But Leonard's a member, and that really steams my clams. Oh, I love it when you're folksy. I'm just gonna call. On the other hand, shaming Leonard during our wedding at the very place he betrayed me does have a beautiful symmetry 平衡, 对称 to it( I. Something that has symmetry is symmetrical in shape, design, or structure. ...the incredible beauty and symmetry of a snowflake. I loved the house because it had perfect symmetry. Their own lives already seemed to possess the symmetries of narrative art. II. Symmetry in a relationship or agreement is the fact of both sides giving and receiving an equal amount. The superpowers pledged to maintain symmetry in their arms shipments.). That's nice, it'll be your first petty act as a married man. Uh-- oh, hi, Kathleen? Yeah, this is Amy from earlier. I'd like to go ahead and reserve May 12. Although, it is our wedding. 13. Hey, Sheldon. We found something pretty interesting. Huh. Well, that is surprising. I, for one, have no idea what they're talking about. Turns out, when Amy took over Penny's apartment, she was put on the lease, not you. PENNY: Yeah, and when I moved across the hall, you got taken off the lease and I got added. Well, what are you saying? That Sheldon's not technically a tenant at all and therefore, has no standing 完全没有立场 to be president of the tenants association no matter who votes for him? I don't know how you found that out, but I am guessing all on your own. So, looks like we need to figure out who the new president should be. I nominate myself. I second it. Think about Ant-Man. I'm always thinking about Ant-Man. Michael Douglas had the suit and then he passed it on to Paul Rudd. Maybe you're right. Really? The Ant-Man thing? That's what won you over? Yes. He got the details right. That's how you use a superhero. Mm. I suppose it is time I passed this on to Leonard. I know that's hard for you. Well, it was. But you know what? Instead of being in charge, I can now be the vocal opposition, criticizing and badgering the president at every turn 一有机会, 任何一次机会( on every occasion; continually. If you say that something happens at every turn, you are emphasizing that it happens frequently or all the time, usually so that it prevents you from achieving what you want. wherever or whenever someone tries to do something. He was frustrated at every turn by petty rules and regulations. Its operations were hampered at every turn by inadequate numbers of trained staff. At every turn smoke and flame stopped efforts to get into the living quarters. "her name seemed to come up at every turn". ). I think you'll be really good at that. 14. Here's what's gonna happen. You're gonna teach me how to do that. Do what? Pretend to like comic books. Oh, no, I actually like comic books. All right, let's not get hung up on 纠结于 semantics 用词, 用字 ( [səˈmæntɪks] I. the study of words and their meanings. II. the meaning of words and phrases. 咬文嚼字). It's late, we got a lot of work to do. turn someone off to stop paying attention. to cause someone to lose interest. This sort of talk could turn a lot of voters off. When people lose interest they just turn off. Her offensive remarks really turned me off. The downtown has outdated architecture that might turn off some people. to cause disgust or disinterest in (someone) Rude people turn me off completely. turn off something to leave the road that you are travelling along in order to go along another one that leads away from it. Turn off the road onto a dirt driveway. turn off at 下高速: If you're coming on the M4, turn off at junction 26. 15. Eurasian 中西结合的 (plural Eurasians) A member of the Caucasoid and/or Mongoloid racial classifications of humanity; any person native to the Eurasian continent. A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the other. One born of European parents in Asia. A Eurasian is a person who has one European and one Asian parent or whose family comes from both Europe and Asia. Eurasian is also an adjective. She married into a leading Eurasian family in Hong Kong. 16. Kinesiology is the scientific study of human or non-human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, biomechanical, and psychological dynamic principles and mechanisms of movement. Applications of kinesiology to human health (i.e., human kinesiology) include biomechanics and orthopedics; strength and conditioning; sport psychology; methods of rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational therapy; and sport and exercise. Studies of human and animal motion include measures from motion tracking systems, electrophysiology of muscle and brain activity, various methods for monitoring physiological function, and other behavioral and cognitive research techniques. Kinesiology is a form of therapy that uses muscle monitoring (biofeedback) to look at imbalances that may be causing disease in the body. Kinesiology aims to detect and correct imbalances that may relate to stress, nutrition or minor injuries. Kinesiology is not used to diagnose disorders. Kinesiology encompasses holistic health disciplines which use the gentle art of muscle monitoring to access information about a person’s well being. 17. I'm bad luck. Matt Damon Explains Why Chris Hemsworth Thinks He's Extremely Bad Luck. Damon gets asked about visiting Australia a lot, with DeGeneres mentioning that Hemsworth says he's extremely bad luck. "You spend a lot of time with the Hemsworth boy in Australia, Chris, and he says that you're extremely bad luck," she began. "Maybe he has really good luck, I don't know. 'I can't believe this happened to you, man.' I'm like…I stepped on a snake the last time I was there." He pulled out a trusty Australian accent for his Chris quote. I don't have the authority to say how good it was. It wasn't...bad. bad/hard luck the bad things that happen to someone by chance, not because of something they did I've had nothing but bad luck since I moved to this town. You can say 'Bad luck', or 'Hard luck', to someone when you want to express sympathy to them. be bad luck on sb mainly UK to be a bad thing that happened to someone by chance: It was bad luck on Alex that he was ill on his birthday. a run of good/bad luck a period of time when good/bad things happen to you. The team seems to have come to the end of its run of bad luck. fluff noun. I. Fluff consists of soft threads or fibres in the form of small, light balls or lumps. For example, you can refer to the fur of a small animal as fluff. ...the nestbox which contained two chicks: just small grey balls of fluff. She noticed some bits of fluff on the sleeve of her sweater. very small pieces of hair, dust, or cloth that stick together or to the surface of something else. II. something that is entertaining but not serious or important. That movie was pure fluff 不认真的东西, 博的一笑. III. [countable] informal a small mistake that you make when you are speaking or reading to an audience. fluff 搞砸 verb. I. If you fluff something that you are trying to do, you are unsuccessful or you do it badly. She fluffed her interview at Oxford. She started to fluff tasks that should have been childishly simple. fluff your lines (=say them badly when acting in a play): Try not to fluff your lines! II. fluff up or fluff out to shake something so that more air goes into it and it becomes larger and softer. Fluff the pillows after you use them. When he's frightened, the cat fluffs up his tail. 18. Big Bang Theory Bernadette's song: As well as incredibly touching, there are plenty of intricacies and nerdy references 用典, 典故 to make fans believe Howard wrote it. From Doctor Who, Steve Jobs and exponential equations, to the Avengers, isotopes and a verse sung in Klingon, Bernadette's Song is filled to the brim with references. hatchet [ˈhætʃət] man INFORMAL a person employed to carry out controversial or disagreeable tasks, such as the dismissal of a number of people from employment. someone who is employed to do unpleasant jobs, for example to reduce the number of employees or attack competitors unfairly. "he sent over his ace hatchet man to intimidate the business leaders". a person who writes fierce attacks on others or their work. "he has abandoned the pretence that he is an impartial reporter—he is a hatchet man 杀手, 打手 of the far right". 19. unbecoming I. Unbecoming clothes do not look attractive on a particular person. ...the unbecoming dress hurriedly stitched from cheap cloth. II. Unbecoming behaviour is not correct or not acceptable. If you describe a person's behaviour or remarks as unbecoming, you mean that they are shocking and unsuitable for that person. His conduct was totally unbecoming to an officer in the British armed services. Those involved had performed acts unbecoming of university students. He was charged with conduct unbecoming (to) an officer. It was towards the end of the interview when Andrew dropped a sentence that was truly mind-blowing: "Do I regret the fact that he has quite obviously conducted himself in a manner unbecoming? Yes." "Unbecoming?" Maitlis shot back — amazement and disbelief written on her face. "He was a sex offender." It was over in moments, but it said it all. That Andrew felt that Epstein's behaviour — a man who was facing sex trafficking charges and was a convicted sex offender — was simply "unbecoming" is extraordinary. To so drastically diminish the severity of Epstein's actions can only be read as a serious mistake. untoward [ʌntəˈwɔːd, ʌnˈtəʊəd] unexpected and inappropriate or inconvenient. "both tried to behave as if nothing untoward had happened". 20. Yellowstone: The state of Montana has never gauged its progress by the size of its cities. We measure our progress by how those cities impact the people and the land surrounding them, the land that feeds them, provides their water, nourishes their souls. This doesn't sound like a legal argument, Mr. Dutton. It sounds like a lecture. Well, it's a summation of our state constitution, which clearly states that land preservation and property rights take precedence over public expansion. The constitution clearly denotes the state's right to eminent domain and grants the authority to condemn property for the public good. For essential public services like hospitals, schools, highways not housing developments. Housing is essential. Bozeman has doubled in size in a decade. We're 30 miles away, and our population is less than it was 40 years ago. Why? Because their fence guarantees we don't grow. Stagnation is death for a town, and the Duttons are the ones killing it. Well, poetic ( I. expressing ideas in a very sensitive way and with great beauty or imagination. Critics are raving about Sokurov's poetic new movie. II. connected with poetry or having the qualities of poetry. poetic language. poetic justice a situation in which someone gets exactly what they deserve when they have done something bad. poetic license the freedom to change facts or events, or to ignore rules when you are writing something in order to communicate your meaning more clearly. ) if it were true, since a Dutton founded the town. As it stands, the defendant is correct. Our land use laws are quite clear. For this commission to grant eminent domain (Eminent domain refers to the power of the government to take private property and convert it into public use. The Fifth Amendment provides that the government may only exercise this power if they provide just compensation to the property owners.), you must show public need, not desire. I think that's enough posturing (posture [ˈpɒstʃə(r)] 做戏, 作秀, 装腔作势, 惺惺作态, 假惺惺 to do things only because you want people to notice you, admire you, or be afraid of you. false behaviour in order to impress or deceive people. political posturing 作秀. There's been a lot of posturing on both sides. Even Nixon was disgusted by the posturing and false melodrama. posturing behaviour that is intended to impress or mislead other people. The macho posturing escalated into actual violence during the second half of the match. If President Trump and Governor Ron DeSantis had followed the science, if they had listened to the doctors and the public health experts, if the focus would have been on saving people's lives and not political posturing 政治作秀, we wouldn't be where we are right now. ). Let's put it to a vote. The plaintiff hasn't shown any legal imperative for a vote, so this case is dismissed. 21. pygmy peoples 侏儒, 矮小人种, 小矮人 are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature for populations in which adult men are on average less than 150 cm tall. In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature (as opposed to disproportionate dwarfism occurring in isolated cases in a population) for populations in which adult men are on average less than 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) tall.
refute 反证, 反驳, 驳斥 VS rebut 否认: To rebut is to try to prove something isn't true, but to refute is to actually prove it isn't. Getting them mixed up won't get you kicked out of the debate club, but it's worth knowing the difference. When you argue against something, you rebut that position or argument. Your school's principal might rebut your teacher's argument that the class is overcrowded by pointing out that there could legally be five more kids in the class. The teacher could rebut the principal's rebuttal by observing that there aren't enough books or seats for the kids in the classroom now. Rebut comes from an old French word rebuter, meaning "to thrust back." Evidence and arguments are used to refute something. So are facts. For example, if children who eat chocolate before going to bed go straight to sleep, that refutes the idea that sugar keeps them up. Refute comes from the Latin refutare for "to check, suppress." A near synonym is confute, but save refute as an everyday word for proving something is false. The verb refute is to prove that something is wrong. When the kids
you're babysitting swear they brushed their teeth, you can refute their
claim 推翻 by presenting the dry toothbrushes. To rebut is to argue against something. If your parents say you're too
young and irresponsible to drive, you can rebut their claim by ticking
off examples of your responsibility. To rebut is more than just "to deny," it's a serious attempt to prove something is false. If you rebut something, you haven't necessarily won the argument; you've only presented your side of it: A Jesuit priest has taken to YouTube and his blog to rebut arguments raised by British physicist Stephen Hawking. Baldwin has used his Twitter account to rebut criticism. Refute means to disprove something straight up. If you refute something, you successfully win the argument: The hearing was unfortunately based on hearsay evidence that we were not able to refute by cross-examining anyone. Daly refuted the report Monday, saying that only one general manager had expressed concern. So, if you try to defeat an accusation, you rebut it. You still need to butt in again, so you re-but, as in "But wait! I can still prove it!" If you actually defeat the accusation, you have refuted it. repudiate 拒绝 (权威性的东西, 宗教, 声明, 法律合同, 法律条文等, 拒绝承认或偿还债务, 拒绝义务责任, 切断关系, 切割, 划清界限, 不再相往来) To repudiate something is to reject it, or to refuse to accept or support it. If you grow up religious, but repudiate all organized religion as an adult, you might start spending holidays at the movies, or just going to work. Gelsinger's departure late last year was widely seen as a repudiation by the company of his complex turnaround plan, which included trying to rebuild Intel's manufacturing base. His successor Lip-Bu Tan, appointed earlier this month, has yet to set out his strategy. This verb usually refers to rejecting something that has authority, such as a legal contract, doctrine, or claim. In connection with debts or other obligations, repudiate is used in the specialized sense "to refuse to recognize or pay." If referring to a child or a lover, repudiate is used in the sense "to disown, cast off." This verb is derived from Latin repudiare "to put away, divorce." reject: When you reject something, you rule it out or dismiss it. If you're trying to pick a fancy restaurant to go to for your birthday, you'll probably reject the diner you went to just yesterday. The verb reject has several shades of meaning. Reject can mean to refuse to accept or agree with something. If you don't believe space aliens are living on earth, you reject the idea — you just don't believe it. Reject can also mean to treat someone with contempt: "My former best friend rejected me to hang out with a different crowd — but I found new friends with whom I had more in common." decline When something declines, it goes downhill. If you stop working out, your health may decline. If you want it to improve, you should start climbing inclines 上坡 instead of coasting down declines. The verb decline means refuse to accept, but the noun decline 下坡 means a downward slope (the opposite of an incline), or a decrease in quality. At the gym, the treadmill has an incline button to control how steep your climb is. Sadly, there's no button for decline, which would be much easier. Both words contain cline, or "to bend." The prefix tells you which way the bend goes. Decline implies a going, or turning, down. refuse To refuse is to decline, deny, reject, or resist. If a stranger offers you candy, you should politely refuse. As a noun, refuse (pronounced REF-yooss) is food waste, scraps, or garbage. As a verb, refuse (pronounced ree-FYOOZ) means to reject. If you're mad at me, you'll probably refuse my invitation to hang out. If your fashion sense isn't up to date, the bouncer at an exclusive nightclub might refuse entry to you. If you're sick and you need a kidney transplant, your doctor will give you drugs to stop your body from refusing 排斥反应, 抵抗, 抗拒 the donor kidney.
refuse VS reject VS deny VS rebut VS refute VS repudiate: refuse 的用法: 1. The verb is pronounced [rɪ'fjuːz]. The noun is pronounced [ˈrefjus]. Refuse 作为名词: 废品, 垃圾 consists of the rubbish and all the things that are not wanted in a house, shop, or factory, and that are regularly thrown away; used mainly in official language. The District Council made a weekly collection of refuse. rubbish, waste, sweepings, junk. 2. 三个用法: a. If you refuse to do something, you deliberately do not do it, or you say firmly that you will not do it. How could he refuse to help his own son? flatly refuse (=refuse in a firm and sometimes impolite way): Senior executives flatly refused to comment as they left the meeting. He refused to comment after the trial. He expects me to stay on here and I can hardly refuse. b. If someone refuses you something, they do not give it to you or do not allow you to have it. Some landowners refuse permission to use footpaths on their land. refuse someone something: Judge Mackey refused the defendant the right to appeal. The United States has refused him a visa. She was refused access to her children. The town council had refused permission for the march. III. If you refuse something that is offered to you, you do not accept it. It seemed impolite to refuse when she invited me for dinner. Alternative therapies are suggested for patients who refuse conventional medical treatment. He offered me a second drink which I refused. The patient has the right to refuse treatment. 3. refuse 没有refuse someone to do something, 和 be refused to do something这样的用法. an offer someone can't refuse I. a very good offer. Dinner at your house? That's an offer I can't refuse. II. often humorous a threat to harm someone unless they do what you want. He sold the bar to some gangsters who made him an offer he couldn't refuse. reject 的用法: I. 拒绝, 不接受(想法, 意见, 提议, 建议, 要求) to not agree to an offer, proposal, or request. If you reject something such as a proposal, a request, or an offer, you do not accept it or you do not agree to it. The British government is expected to reject the idea of state subsidy for a new high speed railway. Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its potential. The rejection of such initiatives indicates that voters are unconcerned about the environment. It is almost certain that our offer will be rejected. reject something out of hand (=reject something completely): The administration has rejected the Democrat's plan out of hand. a. to disagree with an idea, argument, or suggestion. The court rejected the argument and found the defendant not guilty. b. 拒不接受(信仰, 价值观, 政治体系). If you reject a belief or a political system, you refuse to believe in it or to live by its rules. ...the children of Eastern European immigrants who had rejected their parents' political and religious beliefs. ...his rejection of our values. II. to refuse to take something, for example because it is damaged or is not what you wanted. The company rejected the entire shipment. a. 工作被拒 to refuse to accept someone for a job or a course of study. If someone is rejected for a job or course of study, it is not offered to them. One of my most able students was rejected by another university. Local universities now reject as many as 15,000 students per year. III. to behave in an unkind way to someone who wants kindness or love from you. He had rejected his daughter for marrying a Christian. IV. medical if someone's body rejects 抗拒 an organ after a transplant operation, they become sick because their body has a bad reaction to the organ. 3. reject 作为名词: someone or something that is not accepted because they have not reached the necessary standard. It's so cheap because it's a reject. The players were all rejects 淘汰下来的, 淘汰货, 别人不要的 from other teams. deny 的用法: I. 否认(声称某事不是真的, 否认做过某事). When you deny something, you state that it is not true. to say that you did not do something that someone has accused you of doing. She denied both accusations. The government has denied that there was a plot to assassinate the president. They all denied ever having seen her. deny (that): A spokesman denied that the company had acted irresponsibly. deny (doing) something: He still denies murdering his wife. deny an allegation/accusation/claim/charge: Both men have denied the allegations. vehemently [ˈviəmənt] /strenuously/categorically/hotly deny something: All three athletes vehemently deny taking the drug. deny the existence of something: Officials have repeatedly denied the existence of a secret report. deny a rumor: He has denied rumors that he is having an affair with a government official. II. If you deny someone or something, you say that they have no connection with you or do not belong to you. I denied my father because I wanted to become someone else. to say that you do not know a particular person or do not have a particular belief or opinion. Denying his friend was the only way to survive. Neither man was prepared to deny his religion. III. If you deny someone something that they need or want, you refuse to let them have it. to not allow someone to have something. deny something to someone: Doctors were accused of denying treatment to older patients. be denied something: He had been denied the right to speak to his lawyer. deny someone something: There are parents who refuse to deny their children anything. If he is unlucky, he may find that his ex-partner denies him access to his children. My mother denied herself for us. deny yourself to not allow yourself to have something that you would like to have. Don't deny yourself pleasure. You can lose weight without feeling you are constantly denying yourself. IV. 拒绝面对. 拒绝承认. to refuse to admit to yourself or other people that you have a particular feeling, illness, or problem. I had been denying this anger for years. there's no denying (that): There's no denying that he was a great man. There's no denying her popularity. refute [rɪˈfjut] 的用法( Use this much abused word only when an argument is disproved. Otherwise contest, deny, rebut.): I. to say that a statement is not true or accurate without giving proof. The police said he was drunk, a claim refuted by his attorney. If you refute an argument or accusation, you say that it is not true. Isabelle is quick to refute any suggestion of intellectual snobbery. II. to prove that a statement is false. The evidence refutes all claims that the loan program is not working. If you refute an argument, accusation, or theory, you prove that it is wrong or untrue. It was the kind of rumour that it is impossible to refute. refute [rɪˈfjut] 证伪, 一一驳斥: to say or prove that a person, statement, opinion, etc. is wrong or false: to refute a person/theory/argument/claim. The verb refute is to prove that something is wrong. When the kids you're babysitting swear they brushed their teeth, you can refute their claim 驳斥, 力驳 by presenting the dry toothbrushes. Evidence and arguments are used to refute something. So are facts. For example, if children who eat chocolate before going to bed go straight to sleep, that refutes 证伪, 反驳 the idea that sugar keeps them up.
Refute comes from the Latin refutare for "to check, suppress." A near
synonym is confute, but save refute as an everyday word for proving
something is false. rebut to argue that a statement or claim is not
true: She has rebutted charges that she has been involved in any financial malpractice. rebuttal 一一驳斥, 逐一驳斥 If you make a rebuttal of a charge or accusation that has been made against you, you make a statement which gives reasons why the accusation is untrue. He is conducting a point-by-point rebuttal of charges from former colleagues. Rebuttals to the piece appeared immediately and forcefully. rebut 驳斥 的用法: to show or say that something is not true. He completely rebutted the allegation. If you rebut a charge or criticism that is made against you, you give reasons why it is untrue or unacceptable. He spent most of his speech rebutting criticisms of his foreign policy. If you make a rebuttal of a charge or accusation that has been made against you, you make a statement which gives reasons why the accusation is untrue. He
is conducting a point-by-point rebuttal of charges from former
colleagues. [+ of/to] Rebuttals to the piece appeared immediately and
forcefully. 用法区别: rebut 驳斥, 否认, refute 反驳 or repudiate? To rebut is to contest or deny something; to refute is to prove that it's wrong. So when a politician claims to have refuted an allegation, what they mean is rebut.
To repudiate someone is to disown them. If you don't know the
difference, you could always try "refudiate", a word coined by Sarah
Palin, perhaps inspired by George W Bush's "misunderestimate". repudiate
[rɪˈpjudiˌeɪt] 拒绝承认, 拒绝接受 (something has authority: legal contract,
doctrine, claim ), 划清界限, 断绝关系 (lover, child), 拒绝承认 (debt, or other
obligations )[formal, or written] If you
repudiate something or someone, you show that you strongly disagree with
them and do not want to be connected with them in any way. Leaders
urged people to turn out in large numbers to repudiate the violence.
Cavour later repudiated what he regarded as his youthful follies. ...his
public repudiation of the conference decision. a. formal to say formally that something is not true. to reject the authority or validity of; refuse to accept or ratify Congress repudiated the treaty that the President had negotiated. They repudiated all accusations of unlawful activity. b. formal to state that you do not accept or agree with something. Party members appeared on television to repudiate policies they had formerly supported. III. old-fashioned to formally end a friendship or other relationship with someone. IV. legal if you repudiate a contract or other agreement, you refuse to accept it. to refuse to acknowledge or pay (a debt). vocabulary: To repudiate something is to reject it, or to refuse to accept or support it. If
you grow up religious, but repudiate all organized religion as an
adult, you might start spending holidays at the movies, or just going to
work. This verb usually refers to rejecting something that has authority, such as a legal contract, doctrine, or claim. In connection with debts or other obligations, repudiate is used in the specialized sense "to refuse to recognize or pay." If referring to a child or a romantic partner, repudiate is used in the sense "to disown, cast off 断绝关系, 一刀两断." This verb is derived from Latin repudiare, "to put away, divorce." repudiate [rɪˈpjudiˌeɪt] 否认, 拒绝承认, 的用法: If you repudiate something or someone, you show that you strongly disagree with them and do not want to be connected with them in any way. to refuse to accept something or someone as true, good, or reasonable: He repudiated the allegation/charge/claim that he had tried to deceive them. I utterly repudiate those remarks. Leaders urged people to turn out in large numbers to repudiate 反对, 反抗 the violence. Cavour later repudiated what he regarded as his youthful follies 年少无知. ...his public repudiation of the conference decision. a. old-fashioned 断绝关系. 划清界限. to formally end a friendship or other relationship with someone. b. legal if you repudiate a contract or other agreement, you refuse to accept it. vocabulary: To repudiate something is to reject it, or to refuse to accept or support it. If you grow up religious, but repudiate all organized religion as an adult, you might start spending holidays at the movies, or just going to work. This verb usually refers to a. rejecting something that has authority, such as a legal contract, doctrine, or claim. In connection with debts or other obligations, repudiate is used in the specialized sense "to refuse to recognize or pay." If referring to a child or a romantic parner, repudiate is used in the sense "to disown, cast off." This verb is derived from Latin repudiare, "to put away, divorce." folly I. [countable/ uncountable] formal a way of thinking or behaving that is stupid and careless, and likely to have bad results. The judge described the incident as an act of folly. If you say that a particular action or way of behaving is folly or a folly 蠢事, 愚蠢, you mean that it is foolish. It's sheer folly to build nuclear power stations in a country that has dozens of earthquakes every year. ...a reminder of the follies of war. it is folly to do something: It is absolute folly to go mountain climbing without the proper equipment. the folly of (doing) something: She soon realized the folly of her actions. I pointed out the folly of overspending on that scale. II. [countable] a building that has no practical use and is built as a decoration. A folly is a small tower or other unusual building that is built as a decoration in a large garden or park, especially in Britain in former times. a. mainly journalism 大而无用的建筑. a building or project that costs a lot of money and is not useful. reject 否决, 排除 When you reject something, you rule it out or dismiss it. If
you're trying to pick a fancy restaurant to go to for your birthday,
you'll probably reject the diner you went to just yesterday. The verb reject has several shades of meaning. Reject can mean to refuse to accept or agree with something. If you don't believe space aliens are living on earth, you reject the idea — you just don't believe it. Reject can also mean to treat someone with contempt: "My former best friend rejected me to hang out with a different crowd — but I found new friends with whom I had more in common." rebuff 回绝, 拒绝 verb. If you rebuff someone or rebuff a suggestion that they make, you refuse to do what they suggest. to refuse to accept a helpful suggestion or offer from someone, often by answering in an unfriendly way: She rebuffed all suggestions that she should resign. His proposals have already been rebuffed by the Prime Minister. rebuke [rɪbjuːk] 斥责 If you rebuke someone, you speak severely to them because they have said or done something that you do not approve of. The company has been publicly rebuked by one of its largest shareholders over its executive pay levels. The UN delivered a strong rebuke to both countries for persisting with nuclear testing. 'Silly little boy' was his favourite expression of rebuke to his pupils. repute [rɪˈpjut] A person's or organization's repute is their reputation, especially when this is good. Under his stewardship, the U.N.'s repute has risen immeasurably. the reputation that someone or something has. of (some) repute (=with a good reputation): a businessman of some repute. of great/international repute: a musical ensemble of international repute. of repute 有名望的, 有声望的 A person or thing of repute or of high repute is respected and known to be good. He was a writer of repute. Chicago has 6 graduate and professional schools of high repute. by repute If you know someone by repute 听说过, you have never met them but you have heard or read about them. I only knew him by repute. reputed [rɪˈpjutɪd] 据说, 据传 If
you say that something is reputed to be true, you mean that people say
it is true, but you do not know if it is definitely true. The monster is reputed to live in the deep dark water of a Scottish loch. He reputedly earns two million pounds a year. Both women have dramatic dark looks and, reputedly, fiery temperaments. be reputed to do/be something: Conditions in the prison are reputed to be very harsh.
