用法学习: 1. running light 行驶灯, 夜灯 one of several white, red, or green lights displayed by vessels operating at night. run a (red) light informal to drive quickly through a red traffic light instead of stopping. in the midst of something [mɪdst] formal I. while something else is happening. If something happens in the midst of an event, it happens during it. Eleanor arrived in the midst of a blizzard. The President went to China in the midst of a crisis at home. II. if you are in the midst of something, you are doing it or it is affecting you. If you are in the midst of doing something, you are doing it at the moment. Congress is in the midst of 正在进行 进行式 rewriting the nation's banking laws. We are in the midst of one of the worst recessions for many, many years. Our competitors are now in the midst of a billion-dollar research effort. III. If someone or something is in the midst of a group of people or things, they are among them or surrounded by them. Many were surprised to see him exposed like this in the midst of a large crowd. Angelo laid the gun carefully on the table, in the midst of brochures and other papers. in our/their/your midst 在我们中间, 在我们之中 formal if someone is in your midst, they are with you as part of your group. You say that someone is in your midst when you are drawing attention to the fact that they are in your group. We're lucky to have such a man in our midst. Nobody recognized the stranger in their midst. a sexual perpetrator in our midst. amidst [əˈmɪdst] = amid [əˈmɪd] 随着, 在...之中 I. if something happens amid particular feelings or events, it happens while people have these feelings or while these events are happening. Banks and stores closed yesterday amid growing fears of violence. The secretary resigned amid accusations of bribery and corruption. The Pound-to-Australian Dollar exchange rate has on Thursday, December 05. hit a fresh 3-year high at 1.9214, amidst 跟着 an ongoing rally in Sterling and softness in the Aussie Dollar. And, one investment bank we follow says AUD will likely continue to struggle through the course of 2020. II. if something happens amid noise, shouting, laughter, etc., it happens while there is a lot of noise, etc. all around. Norman stepped on to the stage amid tumultuous applause. III. literary surrounded by things or people. 2. mix I. to (cause different substances to) combine, so that the result cannot easily be separated into its parts: Oil and water don't mix. Even if you shake them together they separate into two layers. Radioactive material was mixed in/up (with) the effluent. Mix the eggs into the flour. In a large bowl, mix together the sugar and raisins. Shall I mix (= make) you a cocktail? II. to have or do two or more things, such as activities or qualities, at the same time: Some people are happy to mix business with/and pleasure, but I'm not one of them. III. to be with or communicate well with other people: Do you mix with a wide variety of people in your job? She mixes very well 混的很好 - I guess that's why she's so popular. not mix 不相容, 相克 if two things, ideas etc do not mix, they are not a good or sensible combination. if two different ideas, activities etc do not mix, there are problems when they are combined Smoking and babies don't mix. Alcohol and pills don't mix. Drinking and driving do not mix. It's like a alcoholic working in a bar. They don't mix. mix your metaphors to combine two or more metaphors, often producing a silly or humorous effect: Mixing his metaphors, he described the problem by saying "We've opened up a can of worms here, and now we have to get the genie back in the bottle". be mixed up with/in sth 鬼混 usually disapproving to be connected with a bad or unpleasant person or thing: Please don't get mixed up with him. You'll regret it if you do. I knew someone who was mixed up in that corruption scandal. mix it UK informal (US mix it up) to fight or argue with people. If you say that someone mixes it, or in American English mixes it up, you mean that they often fight or argue strongly about things. Stewart has developed a tendency to 养成习惯, 养成爱好 mix it verbally 争吵 with the opposition. Don't take any notice of Sally - she just likes to mix it. 3. be behind the curve 被动挨打, 反应慢, 落后, 被甩下, 被抛下, 被抛弃 to change to a new idea or way of doing something later than most others, or to react to something after it has already happened: If you're not using social media to promote your business, you're behind the curve. It's frustrating that in most cases we're behind the curve because we're reacting to crime, not preventing it. ambivalent [amˈbɪv(ə)l(ə)nt] adj having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone. If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it. She remained ambivalent 前思后想, 摇摆不定, 犹豫, 犹豫不决, 游移不定 about her marriage. He maintained an ambivalent attitude to the Church throughout his long life. I've never lied about my feelings, including my ambivalence about getting married again. Five years ago the book was ambivalently received. "some loved her, some hated her, few were ambivalent about her". a metaphor for sth a symbol that represents a particular thing: The author uses disease as a metaphor for the corruption in society. In the film, the city is a metaphor for confusion and loneliness. 4. 非法移民: Illegal immigration tends to be financially upward, from poorer to richer countries. Illegal residence living in another country would create the risk of being detained and deported, or facing other sanctions. Let's cross that bridge a little further down the road 等等再说吧, 等等看吧, 等着看吧, 回头再说吧. I'll/we'll cross that bridge when I/we come/get to it 到时候再说吧, 到时候再看吧 an expression that means you will not worry about a possible future problem but will deal with it if it happens. reproach 责怪, 指责 something that you say or do to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or for not doing what is expected: The look of reproach on his face made her feel guilty. Your reproaches are useless - what's done is done. to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected: His mother reproached him for not eating all his dinner. You have nothing to reproach yourself for/with. be a reproach to sb/sth 走麦城, 滑铁卢, 羞耻的事, 害臊, 脸红的事 to be something that should make a person or organization feel ashamed: His immaculate 无可挑剔的 garden was a reproach to all his less organized neighbours. be above/beyond reproach 无可非议 无可挑剔 to not deserve any blame: Your behaviour today has been above reproach. 5. 恶意点评毁生意: But despite being paid for by businesses, Ms McCracken was adamant her website had integrity. "We will put on the review 点评, 评分, 评价 as long as it meets out guidelines 指导原则, 准则," she said. And also, don't forget, if it's a fake or a fraudulent review, because we're connecting the reviewer to the business owner, they're going to get flushed out ( To flesh out something is to give it substance, or to make it fuller or more nearly complete. To flush out something 无处藏身, 现原形 is to cause it to leave a hiding place, e.g., "The birds were flushed out of the tree. It can also be used figuratively, as in "flush out the truth 真相大白." flush out something 冲刷, 刷洗, 冲洗 I. to clean something using a lot of water. Flush the pipes out with clean water. a. to remove something by pouring a lot of water through the place where it is. Use plain water to flush out the debris. flush something out of something: Drinking plenty of water helps to flush harmful substances out of your body. II. to force a person or animal to leave a hiding place: He had to climb down the side of the tunnel to flush out the birds.)." If a business owner believes a review breaches 违反政策, 违规 Google's policies, they can flag it for review here. If they believe that a review is contrary to Australian law 违背法律, 违法, 不合法律, such as a review containing defamatory statements, they can submit a legal removal request. 6. Flypaper 灭蚊纸 (also known as a fly ribbon, fly strip, fly capture tape, or fly catcher) is a fly-killing device made of paper coated with a sweetly fragrant, but extremely sticky and sometimes poisonous substance that traps flies and other flying insects when they land upon it 落在上面, 降落, 落地. Fly paper is considered a pest control device, and is subject to regulation in many countries. 洛杉矶 tar pits 挖掘博物馆 - La Brea Tar Pits: Thirsty animals step into sticky goo 泥浆 hidden by shallow pools of water, leaves or dirt. They struggle to get free, tumbling onto their sides. With most of their body stuck in the tar, they become hopelessly mired 拔不出来. Dire Wolves, saber-toothed [ˈseɪbər] cats 剑齿猫, coyotes, and short-faced bears move in for an easy supper. Lucky predators tear off exposed limbs and get away, but unlucky ones get stuck and die. effectual [ɪˈfɛktʃʊəl] = effectful adj (of something inanimate or abstract) successful in producing a desired or intended result; effective. "tobacco smoke is the most effectual 有效的, 管用的, 有效果的 protection against the midge". resounding [rɪˈzaʊndɪŋ] I. 掷地有声的. complete: used for emphasizing how successful or unsuccessful someone or something is. The good weather helped to make the occasion a resounding success. a resounding success/victory/defeat. II. 有回音的. 有回声的. 悠远的, 悠长的. a resounding sound is very loud and continues for a long time. There was a resounding slap as Andrew struck him violently across the face. She got a resounding round of applause. The answer, Segal says, was a resounding yes! Leatherdale was hit resoundingly on the side of the head. a resounding burst of applause. swarm I. to go somewhere as part of a large crowd. Fans swarmed onto the field to celebrate. II. if insects swarm, they fly together in a large group. When bees or other insects swarm, they move or fly in a large group. A dark cloud of bees comes swarming out of the hive.  III.  包围. 被围住. 围困. 围起来. when protesters swarm a place, relatively small numbers of protesters who are willing to face arrest act in an organized way to disrupt normal activity. Hundreds of people swarmed the U.S. Capitol to protest Kavanaugh's confirmation. He was swarmed 蜂拥而上, 一拥而上围起来 by armed police officers. When people swarm somewhere, they move there quickly in a large group. People swarmed to the shops, buying up everything in sight. swarm with something if a place is swarming with people, insects, or animals, it is full of them. a room swarming with flies. 7. outside not within a particular group or organization. a. used for saying what is done or known by people who are not in a particular group or organization. Observers outside the government believe the program is a waste of money. The secret was never revealed outside the family circle. b. used for referring to people who do not belong to a particular group or organization. outside help/interference/influence etc. 外部的: State governors resent outside interference from Washington. outside experts/contractors/advisers etc. (=ones not employed by the organization): The department has commissioned outside contractors to do the job. from outside: The company brought in advisers from outside. an outside chance if there is an outside chance of something happening, it is just possible but unlikely. There's an outside chance that we'll both arrive on the same day. The team still has an outside chance of winning in the 1,000-meter event. outside toilet/stairs etc. 室外的 a toilet/set of stairs etc. that is not inside a building. outside line/call 外线电话 a telephone line/call that is connected to people in other places or organizations. How do I get an outside line? outside interests/experience/knowledge etc. 外路的, 外部的 interests/experience/knowledge etc. that are not connected with, or not a result of, the work that you do in your present job. You must not let your outside interests interfere with your work. Man some people really have outside behaviour. Others were mostly shocked at the fact no one seemed to have tackled the situation head-on 直面, 正面回应, 正面解决. decorum [dɪˈkɔrəm] polite behavior. Decorum is behaviour that people consider to be correct, polite, and respectable. I was treated with decorum and respect throughout the investigation. 8. chafe [tʃeɪf] I. [INTRANSITIVE] to feel annoyed and impatient about something that stops you doing what you want. chafe at/under: We were all beginning to chafe a little under such close supervision. II. [INTRANSITIVE/TRANSITIVE] to rub the skin on a part of your body and make it sore. to make or become damaged or sore by rubbing: The bracelet was so tight that it started to chafe (my wrist). The collar had been chafing his neck. The straps of the backpack were beginning to chafe. She got chafing from too much sex. a. [TRANSITIVE] to rub a part of your body in order to make it warm. III. used in cookery to describe when someone overworks scone dough, so that it ends up with too much air in it. Chafing 磨得慌, 磨脚, 磨手 refers to the irritation of skin caused by repetitive friction, usually generated through skin to skin contact of multiple body parts. Chafing is usually contracted in the inner thighs and inner glutes; armpits and nipples can also develop chafing although it is less common. Severe chafing is known as friction burn. noblesse oblige [noʊbles əbliːʒ] Noblesse oblige is the idea that people with advantages, for example those of a high social class, should help and do things for other people. They did so without hope of further profit and out of a sense of noblesse oblige. crescendo [krəˈʃendəʊ] noun I. MUSIC a gradual increase in sound in a piece of music. a. MUSIC the loudest part of a piece of music. II. LITERARY a gradual increase in something. a. the point when something has increased to its highest limit. III. 声音越来越大的. A crescendo is a noise that gets louder and louder. Some people also use crescendo to refer to the point when a noise is at its loudest. She spoke in a crescendo: 'You are a bad girl! You are a wicked girl! You are evil!'. The crescendo of noise was continuous. The applause rose to a crescendo and cameras clicked. IV. People sometimes describe an increase in the intensity of something, or its most intense point, as a crescendo. There was a crescendo of parliamentary and press criticism. [+ of] And now the story reaches a crescendo. Metastasis [məˈtæstəsɪ] 癌症扩散 (metastatic cancer) Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to new areas of the body, often by way of the lymph system or bloodstream. A metastatic [ˌmetəˈstætɪk] cancer, or metastatic tumor, is one that has spread from the primary site of origin, or where it started, into different areas of the body. articulate [ɑrˈtɪkjulət] adj. I. 说话条理清楚. 善于表达的. able to express your thoughts, arguments, and ideas clearly and effectively. She is an articulate young woman. The child was unable to offer an articulate description of what she had witnessed. To start a revolution, you need discipline, incisiveness and articulacy 口齿清楚. She is a highly articulate woman. II. articulate writing or speech is clear and easy to understand. It gives an articulate description of the drug's effect. III. biology an articulate animal has joints (=parts of the body where two bones meet). articulate [ɑrˈtɪkjuleɪt] verb I. [transitive] to express thoughts and ideas clearly and effectively. When you articulate your ideas or feelings, you express them clearly in words. The president has been accused of failing to articulate an overall vision in foreign affairs. [ It's difficult to articulate 说清楚, 表达. 说明白, 传达 what I felt then. II. [intransitive/transitive] 发音清楚的. to speak very clearly, so that every word you say can be understood. If you articulate something, you say it very clearly, so that each word or syllable can be heard. He articulated each syllable carefully. Ben articulates so clearly for a two-year-old. She carefully articulated every syllable. 9. manifestation [ˌmænɪfəˈsteɪʃ(ə)n] I. 症状. 外在表现. 症候. 表象. 表征. [countable/ uncountable] evidence that something exists or is present. Common manifestation of dementia and Alzheimer's. manifestation of: Different animals in the colony had different manifestations of the disease. The demonstrations were a manifestation of the people's discontent. The manifestation of arthritis in young people calls for immediate treatment. II. [countable] 鬼现身. 闹鬼. an occasion when a ghost or spirit appears. manifest [ˈmænɪˌfest] verb. to show something such as a feeling or ability, so that it is easy to notice. If you manifest a particular quality, feeling, or illness, or if it manifests itself, it becomes visible or obvious. He manifested a pleasing personality on stage. The virus needs two weeks to manifest itself. Their frustration and anger will manifest itself in crying and screaming. He's only convincing when that inner fury manifests itself. Jane manifested 显露出, 表露出, 表现出, 显出 an unwillingness to sit and talk to Lydia. adj. 显而易见的. 明显的. obvious and easy to notice or understand. If you say that something is manifest, you mean that it is clearly true and that nobody would disagree with it if they saw it or considered it. ...the manifest failure of the policies. There may be unrecognised cases of manifest injustice of which we are unaware. She manifestly failed to last the mile and a half of the race. the program's manifest weaknesses. manifest itself 显现, 表现出来 to become easy to notice. Musical talent usually manifests itself in childhood.
passenger manifest 乘客列表, 名单 a list of passengers on a ship or plane. understated 内敛的, 不张扬的, 低调的. 说少了的, 谦虚了的 adj. presented or expressed in a subtle and effective way. If you describe a style, color, or effect as understated, you mean that it is simple and plain.  not intended to be obvious: The apartment was luxurious but furnished in a tastefully understated way. "understated elegance". not trying to impress people or to attract their attention, and therefore attractive or effective. She dressed with understated elegance. I have always liked understated clothes. ...his typically understated humour. 10. You can't judge someone from what her demeanor 一举一动, 行为举止 was like. Your demeanor is the way you behave, which gives people an impression of your character and feelings. ...her calm and cheerful demeanor. someone's mask/demeanor slips 庐山真面目, 现原形, 露马脚 if your mask or demeanor slips, people start to see what you are really thinking or feeling. "Of course," she said quickly, her professional mask never slipping. Glyn's calm demeanor seemed to be slipping. 卖手机真相: I encountered Louis last year, as he revealed some of the innards 内幕, 真想, 五脏六腑 of working in a Verizon store. (Louis is, of course, not his real name. He strong-armed 武力强迫 me not to reveal that.) A Verizon veteran of more than a decade, Louis explained how times had changed. He described the parameters 具体内容 of his job like this: "In addition to meeting a sales quota 销售指标, I also have to take bill payments, stock shelves, help grandma learn how to use the iPhone her grandkids forced her to buy and troubleshoot any and all warranty issues that arise." 11. be layered up, layer up 多穿几层, 里三层外三层的, 穿得一层层的. To dress in multiple layers before heading out. Done to protect oneself from cold elements or just to look mad fresh. Yo, I just gots to look fresh tonight. Layer Up!! Looks little cold out there. It's getting cold! How should I layer up this season? layered adj Something that is layered is made or exists in layers. Maria wore a layered white dress that rustled when she moved. brain aneurysm = aneurism [ˈænjəˌrɪzəm] 脑动脉瘤 A brain aneurysm (AN-yoo-riz-um) is a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel in the brain. It often looks like a berry hanging on a stem. A brain aneurysm can leak or rupture, causing bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). a serious swelling in the wall of an artery (=tube carrying blood round the body). 关于JFK (grassy knoll): The honor guard at Kennedy's graveside was the 37th Cadet Class of the Irish Army. Kennedy was greatly impressed by the Irish Cadets on his last official visit to Ireland, so much so that Jacqueline Kennedy requested the Irish Army to be the honor guard at her husband's funeral. Jacqueline and their two deceased minor children were later interred ( inter [ɪnˈtɜr] 埋葬, 埋骨, 长眠于, 安葬 to bury a dead person. ) in the same plot. Kennedy's brother Robert was buried nearby in June 1968. In August 2009, Ted was also buried near his two brothers. JFK's Inaugural address was a clarion call ( clarion call [ˈkleriən ˌkɔl] 动员起来, 动员令, 呼吁, 号召 a direct public request for people to take action. a strongly expressed demand or request for action. a very clear message or instruction about what action is needed: to issue/sound a clarion call for change.  "he issued a clarion call to young people to join the Party". ) for public commitment. Elm [elm] tree 榆树 Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus Ulmus in the plant family Ulmaceae. The genus first appeared in the Miocene geological period about 20 million years ago, originating in what is now central Asia. patsy [ˈpatsi] 替罪羊 INFORMAL NORTH AMERICAN a person who is easily taken advantage of, especially by being cheated or blamed for something. "the blonde was drop-dead gorgeous but she was nobody's patsy". detest [dɪˈtest] 反感, 憎恨 to hate someone or something. If you detest someone or something, you dislike them very much. My mother detested him. Jean detested being photographed. They were united in their detestation of the government. Silly String (generically known as aerosol string) is a toy of flexible, sometimes brightly colored, plastic string propelled as a stream of liquid from an aerosol can. The solvent in the string quickly evaporates in mid-air, creating a continuous strand. Silly String is often used during weddings, birthday parties, carnivals and other festive occasions, but it has also proven useful militarily to detect tripwires 绊脚绳, 绊马索. A fireman's carry or fireman's lift (He was fireman carried out of the building. ) is a technique allowing one person to carry another person without assistance, by placing the carried person across the shoulders of the carrier. The technique was commonly used by firefighters to carry injured or unconscious people away from danger, but has been replaced in firefighting due to the drawback that smoke and heat are greater higher up, and may be fatal to the person being carried. The "fireman's carry" technique is still taught for use outside firefighting. Soldiers use this technique to carry wounded comrades. Lifeguards are sometimes trained to use the fireman's carry. dominant hand惯用手. 习惯使用的手. 12. 德州州长: In Thursday's radio interview, Bevin acknowledged that Forcht's opinions carry more weight 更管用 because of the money he contributes, but said Forcht gives to non-political causes, as well, and shouldn't be vilified 苛责 for having an opinion in favor of Baker. hook and eye latch 插销. scope out to examine someone or something carefully. to look carefully to see if something or someone is interesting or attractive: The conference starts on the 12th, but the building will be open on the 11th if you want to scope out the room ahead of time. We scoped out the local area to see if it would be a good place to rent a flat. We need to scope the competition before we open a new business. to assess the potential of (an opportunity or suggestion) a scoping-out study.

petty VS pittance VS petulant VS penance VS pedant VS menace VS gadfly pisser and nuisance: petty 不值一提的, 不重要的, 微不足道的 adj. I. of little importance; trivial. "the petty divisions of party politics". II. of secondary or lesser importance, rank, or scale; minor. "a petty official". pittance [ˈpɪt(ə)ns] an amount of money that is so small that it seems unfair. Sue gets paid an absolute pittance. petulant [ˈpɛtjʊl(ə)nt] 不高兴的, 闹脾气的, 耍脾气的 adj (of a person or their manner) childishly sulky or bad-tempered. "he was moody and petulant". penance [penəns] 忏悔, 补偿, 赎罪 If you do penance for something wrong that you have done, you do something that you find unpleasant to show that you are sorry. ...a time of fasting, penance and pilgrimage. The Koran recommends fasting as a penance before pilgrimages. pedant [pedənt] (pedantic [pɪˈdænt·ɪk] ) 斤斤计较的, 较真的 noun. If you say that someone is a pedant, you mean that they are too concerned with unimportant details or traditional rules, especially in connection with academic subjects. [disapproval] I am no pedant and avoid being dogmatic concerning English grammar and expression. menace [menɪs] I. [usually singular] If you say that someone or something is a menace to 伤害, 害虫 other people or things, you mean that person or thing is likely to cause serious harm. In my view you are a menace to the public. [+ to] ...the menace of fascism. II. You can refer to someone or something as a menace when you want to say that they cause you trouble or annoyance. [informal] You're a menace to my privacy, Kenworthy. [+ to] As I have said earlier in this book, bad shoes are a menace. III. Menace is a quality or atmosphere that gives you the feeling that you are in danger or that someone wants to harm you. There is a pervading sense of menace. ...a voice full of menace. nuisance [njuːsəns  , US nuː-] 讨人厌, 讨人嫌的人, 烦人的人(what a pisser! what a pain in the arse. What a gadfly 大马蝇. ) I. If you say that someone or something is a nuisance, you mean that they annoy you or cause you a lot of problems. He could be a bit of a nuisance when he was drunk. Sorry to be a nuisance. What does it mean to be a gadfly 大马蝇, 打破现状, 挑战权威, 破坏者? A gadfly is a person who interferes with the status quo of a society or community by posing novel, potentially upsetting questions, usually directed at authorities. The term is originally associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, in his defense when on trial for his life. If you refer to someone as a gadfly, you believe that they deliberately annoy or challenge other people, especially people in authority. It still remains to be seen whether Buchanan will be just a gadfly or a real threat to the president. pisser I. something that is of very bad quality: There was some pisser of a movie about a boy and his dog on TV last night. II. something extremely good or humorous: It was a pisser of a party! III. something that is very annoying or not convenient: "I need to work late tonight." "What a pisser!"