用法学习: 1. Terror suspect shot dead during London stabbing attack: He was under police surveillance at the time of the attack, which police believe was an Islamist-inspired incident. He had a hoax ( [həʊks] a trick in which someone deliberately tells people that something bad is going to happen or that something is true when it is not. A hoax is a trick in which someone tells people a lie, for example that there is a bomb somewhere when there is not, or that a picture is genuine when it is not. A series of bomb hoaxes has disrupted Christmas shopping in the city centre. He denied making the hoax call but was convicted after a short trial.) explosives device strapped to his body 绑在身体上, investigators say. Video from the scene appeared to show three undercover police officers in an unmarked car making a quick stop and emerging with weapons. Former deputy assistant police commissioner Stephen Roberts said police would quickly try to search the suspect's residence and seize any computer devices to scour 查询, 搜寻 ( [skaʊr] I. to search a place or document thoroughly for something. scour something for something: Jake scoured auction sales for the furniture they needed. II. to clean something thoroughly by rubbing it hard with something rough. I scoured the sink. III. to form a passage or hole in something by moving continuously over it. a valley scoured out by a glacier. ) his internet records. Investigators are researching the man's background to learn more about the attack and any possible co-conspirators 同谋, 共犯, Mr Roberts said. Gulled Bulhan, a 19-year-old student from the neighbourhood, told Britain's Press Association that he witnessed the attack. "I was crossing the road when I saw a man with a machete and silver canisters 气罐 on his chest being chased by what I assume was an undercover police officer – as they were in civilian 平民衣服 clothing 便衣 (plain clothes) (mufti [ˈmʌfti] 便服 an expert on Islamic religious law. in mufti wearing ordinary clothes instead of your uniform. civilian [sɪˈvɪljən] I. (非军人的)平民. 老百姓. someone who does not belong to the military or the police. In a military situation, a civilian is anyone who is not a member of the armed forces. The safety of civilians caught up in the fighting must be guaranteed. The safety of civilians caught up in the fighting must be guaranteed. ...the country's civilian population. ...civilian casualties. ...a soldier in civilian clothes. Over 700 civilians died as a direct result of the bombings. II. humorousa term 路人. 大众. 平民. 普通民众. used by famous people, especially actors, to refer to people who are not famous. The Hollywood star revealed that he was glad he had married a civilian. civil [ˈsɪvəl] I. polite, especially in a formal way and without being friendly. He could barely bring himself to be civil 友好的 to them. II. 民事的. usually before noun relating to private legal disagreements between people, not criminal law. You use civil to describe the rights that people have within a society. ...a United Nations covenant on civil and political rights. I intend to sue him in civil court. He will begin civil proceedings this week. III. only before noun relating to the people of a country, especially when they are protesting or fighting about something. You use civil to describe events that happen within a country and that involve the different groups of people in it. Reports of civil unrest 民间的 continue to come in from the northern provinces. IV. 世俗的 only before noun relating to or done by the state, instead of by religious authorities. You use civil to describe things that are connected with the state rather than with a religion. They were married on August 9 in a civil ceremony in Venice. ...Jewish civil and religious law. We were married in a simple civil ceremony 非宗教的. V. usually before noun relating to or involving ordinary people, not the military. You use civil to describe people or things in a country that are not connected with its armed forces. ...the U.S. civil aviation 民用的 industry. civil aviation. rotary I. Rotary means turning or able to turn round a fixed point. ...turning linear into rotary motion. ...heavy-duty rotary blades. II. Rotary is used in the names of some machines that have parts that turn round a fixed point. ...a rotary engine. rotary = roundabout 环岛:
a circular area where three or more roads meet that you have to drive
around in one direction in order to get onto another road. The British
word is roundabout. Rotary Club 扶轮社. 扶轮俱乐部: a local club that is part of Rotary International, a charity whose members are business and professional people. wiki: Rotary International
is an international service organization whose stated purpose is to
bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide
humanitarian service and to advance goodwill and peace around the world.
It is a non-political and non-sectarian organization (non-partisan 无党派的, non-sectarian 无宗教派系差别的, 无宗教派别的 organization)
open to all people regardless of race, color, creed, religion, gender,
or political preference. Rotarians usually gather weekly for breakfast,
lunch, or dinner to fulfill their first guiding principle to develop
friendships as an opportunity for service. "It is the duty of all
Rotarians," states their Manual of Procedure, "outside their clubs, to
be active as individuals in as many legally constituted groups and
organizations as possible to promote, not only in words but through
exemplary dedication, awareness of the dignity of all people and the
respect of the consequent human rights of the individual." The
Rotarian's primary motto is "Service Above Self"; its secondary motto is
"One profits most who serves best." secular [ˈsekjələr] 世俗的, 非宗教的 not religious, or not connected with religion. You use secular to describe things that have no connection with religion. He spoke about preserving the country as a secular state. ...secular and religious education. He was the first of the country’s secular rulers. religious and secular matters. They (jehovah's witness) consider secular 界外人士, 世俗的人 society ( [ˈsekjələr] not religious, or not connected with religion. He was the first of the country's secular rulers. religious and secular matters. ) to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan, and most limit their social interaction with non-Witnesses. sectarian [sekˈteriən] 宗教派系的, 宗教间的, 宗教争端的, 宗教方面的
I. caused by disagreements among people from different religious
groups. Sectarian means resulting from the differences between different
religions. He was the fifth person to
be killed in sectarian violence. The police said the murder was
sectarian. ...both sides of the sectarian divide. sectarian violence/killing/hatred etc.: Sectarian violence poses a real threat to the stability of the country. II. taking one side of an argument or disagreement and not seriously considering any other. The pattern of voting was purely sectarian.),'' he said. clothes [kləʊðz; sometimes: kləʊz 等于close的发音] 衣服 VS clothing [ˈkləʊðɪŋ] 服饰, 衣物: 'Clothes' is a plural noun, used to refer to the garments that you wear. Trousers, shirts, dresses and socks are all clothes. 'Clothing' is an uncountable noun that has the same meaning as 'clothes', but it is used in more general and less personal contexts, such as business and industry. For example, you might say that someone works 'in the clothing industry', or that people in a disaster zone urgently need medicine, food and clothing. Clothing is more formal than clothes and is used especially to mean 'a particular type of clothes'. There is no singular form of clothes or clothing: a piece/an item/an article of clothing is used to talk about one thing that you wear such as a dress or shirt. I think they're pretty much interchangeable these days, and you're not necessarily incorrect whichever you choose. But typically "clothes" is used to refer to specific items while "clothing" refers to garments in general. I'd say "I packed my clothes," or "She's wearing her new clothes," but "Your clothing should always be appropriate." My husband, on the other hand, would say "clothing" for all three. That's just his habit. 2. savage [sævɪdʒ] adj. 野蛮的 Someone or something that is savage is extremely cruel, violent, and uncontrolled. This was a savage attack on a defenceless young girl. ...the savage wave of violence that swept the country in November 1987. ...a savage dog lunging at the end of a chain. noun. 野蛮人. If you refer to people as savages, you dislike them because you think that they do not have an advanced society and are violent. [disapproval] ...their conviction that the area was a frozen desert peopled with uncouth savages. verb. I. If someone is savaged by a dog or other animal, the animal attacks them violently. The animal then turned on him and he was savaged 疯咬 to death. II. If someone or something that they have done is savaged by another person, that person criticizes them severely. The show had already been savaged by critics. Speakers called for clearer direction and savaged 批评 the Chancellor. salvage [sælvɪdʒ] verb I. 抢救. 抢救出. If something is salvaged, someone manages to save it, for example from a ship that has sunk, or from a building that has been damaged. The team's first task was to decide what equipment could be salvaged. The investigators studied flight recorders salvaged from the wreckage. II. If you manage to salvage a difficult situation, you manage to get something useful from it so that it is not a complete failure. Officials tried to salvage the situation 挽回局势. Diplomats are still hoping to salvage something from the meeting. III. If you salvage something such as your pride or your reputation 挽回脸面, 挽回名声, you manage to keep it even though it seems likely you will lose it, or you get it back after losing it. We definitely wanted to salvage some pride for British tennis. She was lucky to be able to salvage her career. noun. I. The salvage from somewhere such as a damaged ship or building is the things that are saved from it. They climbed up on the rock with their salvage. II. Salvage is the act of salvaging things from somewhere such as a damaged ship or building. The salvage operation went on. ...the cost of salvage.
Big Bang Theory: Howard, come back! Victory! Son of a bitch. You're a sucky friend, you know that? A sucky, sucky friend. What was I supposed to do? She gave me that come-hither look. If she gave you any look at all, it was a you-suck look. I would've caught up to 追上, 赶上 her if I hadn't pulled a hammy ( pulled a hamstring = hamstring strain A man loses a competition and says as an excuse : "this one doesn't count, my real partner pulled a hammie (or "hammy", I'm not sure"). 大腿肌肉拉伤: The hamstrings are a collection of three muscles located in the back of the thigh that are responsible for bending, or flexing, the knee. A pulled hamstring 大腿筋
is a strain of one or more of the hamstring muscles. Muscle fibers of
the hamstring can become strained or torn during running, kicking, or
even walking down steps. When a hamstring muscle is pulled, the muscle fibers are abruptly stretched. Depending on the severity of the strain injury, the muscle can actually tear and many people can hear and feel an audible "pop" when the muscle is damaged. The hamstring pull may occur anywhere along the muscle tendon 肌腱 (ligament 韧带) anatomy, however it most commonly occurs in the middle of the hamstring muscle. ). Oh, please, you weigh 80 pounds, you don't have a hammy. So Penny doesn't want me around her friends. I embarrass her. What else? Well, her actions could be out of concern for your feelings. Perhaps she's excluded you from these gatherings because she's scouting 寻找 for 搜寻 a new mate and doesn't wanna do it in front of you. Oh, how kind of her. Agreed. Most primates don't show that sort of discretion [ dɪˈskreʃ(ə)n] (I. careful and sensitive behavior that does not upset or offend people. The investigation will be carried out with the utmost discretion. II. the right or ability to make a judgment or decision. exercise/use discretion: Teachers must be allowed to exercise their own discretion in choosing suitable classroom materials. at someone's discretion (=according to someone's judgment or decision): Stores will exchange unwanted goods entirely at their discretion.). A female bonobo will copulate with a new male in front of the old one without so much as a, "How do you do?" You always do this. Ditch me for a woman you don't have a shot 没可能的, 没机会的 with. 2. Looking left, he's got nothing. He drops off a screen, out of bounds--Okay, a completed pass. First down, New England. I think I'm starting to get this 开始理解, 开始明白, 开始掌握. Really? The only thing I've learned is that American men love drinking beer, pee too often, and have trouble getting erections. Focus on the game, not the commercials, Raj. If people cut back on the beer, you could get out the bathroom and satisfy your women without pharmaceutical help. Raj, what are you doing here? You were supposed to help me pimp out my Vespa. Are you under the impression that we're still friends? Ugh. Come on, you're not still grinding on 还没好气, 还在生气 the kite thing( grind on 没玩没了的, 无休无止的 continue for a long time in a wearying or tedious way. if something boring or unpleasant grinds on, it continues happening for a long period of time. If you say that something grinds on, you disapprove of the fact that it continues to happen in the same way for a long time. The war has been grinding on for years."the rail talks grind on". ), are you? It's not just the kite thing. Every time we go someplace, you dump me whenever someone pretty comes even though you don't have a shot. I had a shot with that jogger. 3. What're you doing here? This is a restaurant. It's lunchtime. I'd think as a waitress you'd be familiar with the paradigm ( I. formal a set of ideas that are used for understanding or explaining something, especially in a particular subject. a cultural/scientific paradigm. II. formal a typical example or model of something. The West used to be the paradigm 典型 of economic success. III. linguistics the complete set of the different forms of a word, for example student, student's, students, and students'. ). Is Leonard coming? No. I believe Leonard is waiting for you to come back to him and apologize. Well, that's not gonna happen. I assumed that. Hence my true purpose in coming here. Which is? I want you to crawl back to him and apologize. I'm busy. Excuse me, miss. I'd like to order lunch. Fine. What do you want? I have a few questions. First, I notice that you offer soup and a half sandwich. Yes. Where exactly does the half-sandwich come from? Are you giving me half of someone else's sandwich? Or do I have to wait for someone else to order the other half? No. Sheldon, they just make a half sandwich. You can't make a half sandwich. If it's not half of a whole sandwich, it's just a small sandwich. Okay, fine. It's soup and a small sandwich. Is that what you want? Of course not. I'll have my usual 通常的. Great. Aren't you gonna ask if I want a beverage? Usually lemonade? Yes. Want lemonade? Yes. 4. cogent [ˈkəʊdʒ(ə)nt] 有说服力的, 有理有据的 adj. (of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing. a cogent argument is reasonable and sensible. A cogent reason, argument, or example is strong and convincing. There were perfectly cogent 说得通的, 有理的 reasons why Julian Cavendish should be told of the Major's impending return. The film makes its points with cogency and force. The authors argue cogently that it is high time the church lost its obsession with the subject. "they put forward cogent arguments for British membership". How may I help you? I've reconsidered your offer to let me work with you. For me. Yes, for you. I do, however, have a few conditions. First, at all times, I am to be treated as a colleague and an equal. Second, my contributions shall be noted in published materials. Third, you are never allowed to lecture me on Hinduism or my Indian culture. I'm impressed, Raj. Those are very cogent and reasonable 说理的, 合理的, 有道理的, 讲理的 conditions. Thank you. I reject them all. 5. I usually go back to Nebraska for Thanksgiving. This year, they're calling it off on account of my brother's trial. What's he on trial for? Oh, just a big misunderstanding. You know, you'd like my brother. He's kind of a chemist. I was thinking I'd have Thanksgiving here. And you are all invited. Oh, I'll be there. Will you be serving cranberry jelly or cranberry sauce? I guess I could serve both. You guess? You don't seem to have much of a handle on this( have/get a handle on something to understand something well I soon began to get a handle on the new software. ). Yeah, I really wish I could, Penny, but every year my mother has all the relatives over and cooks up her famous tur-briska-fil. Tur-briska-fil? A turkey stuffed with a brisket stuffed with gefilte fish. It's not as good as it sounds. 6. Kites ho! Kites ho! Kites ho! [IN UNISON 齐声说.] Kites ho! Excuse me. You're misusing the word "ho. " It's an interjection used to call attention to a destination, not an object. As in, uh, "Land ho! (land, ho! used on a ship for saying that you have seen land. ho I. something you say to get someone's attention. II. used for showing that you think something is surprising or slightly funny. Ho, what happened there? III. an exclamation used to attract attention, announce a destination, etc. what ho! land ho! westward ho!)" or, uh, "Westward ho!" Kites ho! Hey, guys. What are you doing? Going out to discover electricity? If you refer to 如果你说的是, 如果你是指, 如果你想说的是 the work of Benjamin Franklin, he did not discover electricity. He merely used a kite to determine that lightning consists of electricity. He also invented the Franklin stove, bifocals and the flexible urinary catheter. Kites ho. We're heading out for some kite fighting. Kite fighting? Oh, yeah. It's
an extremely competitive, cutthroat sport. Well, actually, the risk of
throat-cutting is very low. On the other hand, severe string burn 勒手, 勒到手 ( A friction burn is a form of abrasion 擦伤 caused by the friction of skin rubbing against a surface. A friction burn may also be referred to as skinning, chafing [tʃeɪf], or a term named for the surface causing the burn such as rope burn, string burn, carpet burn or rug burn. Because friction generates heat, extreme cases of chafing may result in genuine burning of the outer layers of skin. A person's own skin (or the skin of another person) may be sufficient to act as an abrasive surface to cause friction burn. More commonly, friction with abrasive surfaces, including clothing, carpet, or rope, can lead to a friction burn. Common places at which skin-to-skin chafing can occur are between the thighs and under the armpits. Friction burns are very common with clothing such as trousers on the knees caused by playing sport or sliding on wooden surfaces. Less dangerous friction burns can occur frequently on sensitive skin surfaces such as the genitals, such as during sexual intercourse or masturbation. A rope burn is a type of friction burn. It's caused by the rapid or repeated movement of coarse rope rubbing against skin. This abrades the skin, resulting in: redness, irritation blisters. bleeding. Rope burns can be superficial, meaning they only affect the top layers of skin. Though less likely, they can be deep, going through the dermis layer and exposing bone.) is a
real and ever-present 永远存在的 danger. Uh, you wanna come watch? Oh, gee, ha,
sounds amazing. But, um, I've got some friends coming over. We're just
gonna watch the Nebraska game. Oh, football, sure. Good guess. I
would've invited you, but you're not a fan. No. No, I'm not. So, great.
You've got plans doing something you like I've got plans doing something
I like, so it's good. Maybe we'll hang out after everybody's gone. cut-throat 竞争激烈, 竞争残酷 a cut-throat activity or business involves people competing with each other in an unpleasant way. If you describe a situation as cut-throat, you mean that the people or companies involved all want success and do not care if they harm each other in getting it. competing in a strong and unfair way, without considering any harm caused to others: a cut-throat business/market/world. Scrapping of price fixing legislation led to a cut-throat battle for supermarket customers. Many firms have fallen victim to cut-throat competition. ...cut-throat competition. ...the cut-throat world of international finance. Cut-throat competition is keeping prices low. the cut-throat world of advertising. "Cut throat competition is a door to cut throats to the root". used to describe the reason for consumer protection regulation, labour law, and enforcement of competition law or antitrust, in the late 19th and early 20th century. In economics, cut throat competition is also referred to as ruinous ( [ˈruːɪnəs] I. causing severe damage or loss. The repair costs were potentially ruinous. II.formal severely damaged a ruinous castle. I. If you describe the cost of something as ruinous, you mean that it costs far more money than you can afford or than is reasonable. Many Britons will still fear the potentially ruinous costs of their legal system. ...a ruinously expensive court case. II. A ruinous process or course of action is one that is likely to lead to ruin. The economy of the state is experiencing the ruinous effects of the conflict.), excessive or unfettered 没有禁锢的, 没有禁忌的, 百无禁忌的, 随心所欲的, 没底线的. 没有限制的 ( [ʌnˈfetərd] without limits or controls. If you describe something as unfettered, you mean that it is not controlled or limited by anyone or anything. ...unfettered free trade. Unfettered by the bounds of reality, my imagination flourished. He demanded unfettered access to a new nuclear facility. fetter 被限制 verb If you say that you are fettered by something, you dislike it because it prevents you from behaving or moving in a free and natural way. [literary, disapproval] ...a private trust which would not be fettered by bureaucracy. The black mud fettered her movements. fetter 禁锢 束缚, noun I. You can use fetters to refer to things such as rules, traditions, or responsibilities that you dislike because they prevent you from behaving in the way you want. [literary, disapproval] ...the fetters of social convention. II. Especially in former times, fetters were chains for a prisoner's feet. He saw a boy in fetters in the dungeons. ) competition. More generally, cut throat competition is also subsumed ( subsume [səbˈsum] 归纳为 to include something in a larger group and cause it to lose its own individual character. The new treaty subsumes all past agreements. be subsumed by/under/within/into something: Art courses have been subsumed under the Humanities Department. If something is subsumed within a larger group or class, it is included within it, rather than being considered as something separate. Small family firms were subsumed into the huge investment banks. ...years of repression in which civil society was subsumed by the State.) under the term "destructive 破坏性竞争 competition". 7. Buying me something pretty isn't gonna make our problem just go away. Look, I admit I haven't always been the best friend I could be. You've been a sucky friend. A sucky, sucky friend. Stipulated. And you do it all the time. Last week, we were looking for a phone with giant numbers for your mother and I realize you're not even there. I know. And where were you? Getting shot down by the girl at Hot Dog on a Stick. But in my defense, she was gorgeous. And working that squeezer to make the lemonade going up and down and up and down. It was like a free pole dance right in the middle of the food court. You're impossible. Hey, at least I can talk to women without being drunk. Excuse me, I have selective mutism, a recognized medical disorder. You're just a douche. stipulate 注明, 说明, 明说 To stipulate something means to demand that it be part of an agreement. So when you make a contract or deal, you can stipulate that a certain condition must be met. Anytime you draw up a legal agreement, you can stipulate a requirement that has to be met for that agreement to be complete. This stipulation might put some sort of limit on the agreement. For example, if you run a fencing company and offer a sale, you can stipulate that to get the sale price, the fence must be ordered by a certain date. Your customer, in turn, might stipulate that the work must be finished before the ground freezes. If you stipulate a condition or stipulate that something must be done, you say clearly that it must be done. She could have stipulated that she would pay when she collected the computer. International rules stipulate the number of foreign entrants. Clifford's only stipulation is that his clients obey his advice. The regulations stipulate the maximum number of children allowed in a class. The constitution stipulates that a new President must be elected every four years. We sometimes need to complete work in stipulated time. 8. That's intentional 故意的 grounding. Totally. Yeah. That completely was a forward pass which they threw intentionally incomplete to avoid loss of yardage or to conserve time 浪费时间. I can't believe they're not penalized with the loss of a down and by having to move the line of scrimmage back to the spot of the foul. penalize [ˈpiːn(ə)lʌɪz] I. subject to a penalty or punishment. "high-spending councils will be penalized". II. put at an unfair disadvantage. "if the bill is not amended genuine claimants will be penalized". to punish someone for breaking a rule or law penalize someone for (doing) something: The company could be penalized $10,000 for each environmental violation. a. to punish a sports team or player by giving an advantage to the other team or player. III. to treat someone in an unfair way and make them have a disadvantage. penalize someone for (doing) something: Women should not be penalized financially for looking after their children. If a person or group is penalized for something, they are made to suffer in some way because of it. Some of the players may, on occasion, break the rules and be penalized. Use of the car is penalized by increasing the fares of parking lots. Bad teaching is not penalized in a formal way.
