after doing something VS after having done something;

用法学习: 1. compromise [ˈkɒmprəmaɪz] I. INTRANSITIVE to solve a problem or end an argument by accepting that you cannot have everything that you want. If you compromise with someone, you reach an agreement (come to an agreement) with them in which you both give up something that you originally wanted. You can also say that two people or groups compromise. The government has compromised with its critics over monetary policies. 'Nine,' said I. 'Nine thirty,' tried he. We compromised on 9.15. Israel had originally wanted $1 billion in aid, but compromised on the $650 million. Her refusal to compromise infuriated her colleagues. II. TRANSITIVE to risk harming or losing something important. We cannot compromise the safety of our workers. III. TRANSITIVE to behave in a way that is not honest by doing things that do not agree with what you previously believed in or tried to achieve. If someone compromises themselves or compromises their beliefs, they do something which damages their reputation for honesty, loyalty, or high moral principles. He compromised himself 陷自己于不利之地 by accepting a bribe. He would rather shoot himself than compromise his principles 违背自己的准则. Traditional supporters are accusing the party of compromising its principles. compromise yourself/your position to do something to make people think that they cannot trust you. noun. a way of solving a problem or ending an argument in which both people or groups accept that they cannot have everything they want. A compromise is a situation in which people accept something slightly different from what they really want, because of circumstances or because they are considering the wishes of other people. Encourage your child to reach a compromise between what he wants and what you want. Be ready and willing to make compromises between your needs and those of your partner. The government's policy of compromise is not universally popular. compromise between: This deal is the ideal compromise between your needs and their demands. reach/arrive at/come to a compromise: Both sides have agreed to meet, in the hope of reaching a compromise. make a compromise: Neither of them is willing to make compromises. strike a compromise: Debates raged for months, then a compromise was struck. a. ​ONLY BEFORE NOUN involving a compromise. a compromise solution/agreement/settlement. agreement I. an arrangement or decision about what to do, made by two or more people, groups, or organizations. Our agreement was that you would pay by the first of the month. Check the terms of your tenancy agreement. agreement between: an agreement between political parties. agreement with: a licence agreement with the software company. agreement on: an agreement on military cooperation. an agreement to do something: The twenty-six countries signed an agreement to cut air pollution. reach an agreement: Management announced that it had reached an agreement with the unions. come to an agreement (=make a decision after a lot of discussion): We finally came to an agreement: I would cook and Ann would clean. II. uncountable the situation when people have the same opinion or have made the same decision about something. agreement about/on: After a long discussion, there was still no agreement about what to do next. reach agreement: The committee finally reached agreement on two important issues. there is general/wide agreement that (=most people agree that) 公认, 一般认为: There is wide agreement that the forest damage is the result of atmospheric pollution. gentleman's agreement 口头协议, 口头约定, 口头协定, 口头说好了 a business agreement in which people trust each other without a written contract. be in agreement I. to have the same opinion, or to have made the same decision. We are all in agreement that Mr Ross should resign. II. ​formal to agree with a policy or decision. be in agreement with: The council is in agreement with government policy. III. if a set of facts is in agreement with another, they both show or prove the same thing. be in agreement with 不冲突, 一致, 一样的: These findings are in agreement with our previous conclusions. 2. pious [ˈpʌɪəs] devoutly religious. "a deeply pious woman". devout [dɪˈvaʊt] 虔诚的 I. very religious. A devout person has deep religious beliefs. She was a devout Christian. His devout Catholicism appeals to ordinary people. The devout are people who are devout. ...priests instructing the devout. devout Muslims. II. very enthusiastic in your support for something. a devout capitalist. If you describe someone as a devout supporter or a devout opponent of something, you mean that they support it enthusiastically or oppose it strongly. ...devout Marxists. staunch [stɔntʃ] adj. 坚定的, 坚定不移的, 矢志不移的 loyal, and showing strong belief in something or strong support for something. A staunch supporter or believer is very loyal to a person, organization, or set of beliefs, and supports them strongly. He's a staunch supporter of controls on government spending. He was staunchly opposed to a public confession. a staunch critic/opponent/supporter. staunch [stɔntʃ] verb. I. To staunch the flow of something means to stop it. The government claims this is the only way to staunch the flow of illegal drugs into the country. Efforts to staunch the spill of crude oil from a tanker off the north coast of Scotland are being held up by gale force winds. II. To staunch a wound 止血, or to staunch the blood from a wound, means to stop the wound from bleeding. Tom tried to staunch the blood with his handkerchief. 3. 几个短语句子: A person who is under stress is said to be wound up ( [ˌwaʊnd] nervous and worried. I was too wound up to relax. ) and they need time to unwind. A person whose life is coming apart at the seams( come​/​fall apart at the seams 崩坏 I. to stop being useful or effective. The healthcare system is coming apart at the seams. II. to be unable to deal with ordinary situations. bursting at the seams 崩开, 崩坏, 憋坏, 憋崩, 人满为患( packed, jammed, chock-a-block ) ( chock-a-block crammed full of people or things. "the manual is chock-a-block with information". If a place is chock-a-block, it is very full of people or things: The streets were chock-a-block (with cars). awash I. covered with a liquid, especially water: By the time I discovered the problem, the floor was awash. II. having an amount of something that is very large or larger than necessary or wanted: The city is awash with 到处都是 drugs and the police are powerless to do anything about it. teeming 人满为患 If a place is teeming, it is full of people: the teeming metropolis. heavy with sth 充满了, 满是 If something is heavy with something else, it has a lot of it or is full of it: The trees were heavy with fruit. The atmosphere was heavy with menace. riddled with holes 布满, 到处都是 I. full of holes: He wore an old jacket riddled with holes. No one was fatally injured, despite the car being riddled with bullets. II. containing a lot of things that are bad or not wanted. riddled with: If a plan or system, etc. is riddled with bad features, such as mistakes, it is full of them: This article is riddled with errors. The organization was riddled with spies. The team produced another disappointing performance riddled with errors. packed/squashed like sardines 沙丁鱼罐头似的, 拥挤, 紧紧挤在一起, 挤得满满的, 挤满 If people are packed or squashed like sardines, they are positioned very close together so that they cannot move: We were squashed like sardines in the rush-hour train. rife If something unpleasant is rife, it is very common or happens a lot: Dysentery [ˈdɪsəntri] 痢疾 and malaria 疟疾 are rife in the refugee camps. rife with sth full of something unpleasant: The office was rife with rumours. alive with sth full of things that are living and moving: The pond was alive with frogs. ) informal If a place is bursting at the seams, it has a very large number of people or things in it: Now that they have six children, their little house is bursting at the seams. If a place is very full, you can say that it is bursting at the seams. The hotels of Warsaw, Prague and Budapest were bursting at the seams. ) or whose life is falling apart (has lost control) needs to pull himself together 重振旗鼓, 振作起来. Someone faced with a sudden shock may need to get a grip on himself. If the stress has continued to build, and you can't take it anymore, you may need to let off some steam or decompress(解压. 调适心情, 缓解一下, 调节一下. 释放压力. [ˌdikəmˈpres] I. to reduce the pressure on something, especially air pressure. a. to relieve (a substance) of pressure or (of a substance) to be relieved of pressure. b. to return (a diver, caisson worker, etc) to a condition of normal atmospheric pressure gradually from a condition of increased pressure or (of a diver, etc) to be returned to such a condition. c. to relax after stressful activity. II. ​computing to change a compressed computer file back to its full size. ). Or you might want to come up for air 换换空气, 暂停一下, 叫停(I. Fig. to stop what one is doing for a different activity or rest. Whenever you get off the phone and come up for air, I have a question for you. I want you to go to the store for me when you come up for air. II. Fig. to stop kissing for a moment and breathe. Don't those kids ever come up for air? When are you two going to come up for air?). The simplest thing to say after experiencing something stressful or shocking is I need to take a timeout or simply I need a break. 4. spitball verb 抛砖引玉. throw out (a suggestion) for discussion. to throw out new ideas in the hope that some of them will be good ones. I'm just spitballing here. Sometimes when we're spitballing ideas, we now stop and wonder what would happen if it came true. "I'm just spitballing a few ideas". spitball ​adj unfair, or dishonest. spitball politics/journalism. noun. I. a very small ball of paper that a child puts in their mouth to make it soft and wet and then throws at another child. II. an illegal baseball throw done with a wet ball so that it curves a lot. diligent [ˈdɪlɪdʒənt] someone who is diligent works very hard and very carefully. Someone who is diligent works hard in a careful and thorough way. Meyers is a diligent and prolific worker. The historical research was impressively diligent. The police are pursuing their inquiries with great diligence. The two sides are now working diligently to resolve their differences. I'm not mad at all, actually if anything, I'm glad the police are doing that, that means they are being diligent 尽忠职守, 尽职尽责. methodical [məˈθɒd.ɪ.kəl] I. Methodical people do things in a very ordered, careful way: Tom is a very methodical person and writes lists for everything. II. done in a very ordered, careful way: methodical work. a methodical approach. If you describe someone as methodical, you mean that they do things carefully, thoroughly, and in order. Da Vinci was methodical in his research, carefully recording his observations and theories. It seemed a sensible and methodical way of proceeding.

 基督教denominations的划分: Western: Catholic, Protestant (Protestantism) 新教 ( Adventist, Anabaptist, Anglican, Baptist, Calvinist, Evangelical, Holiness, Lutheran, Methodist, Pentecostal). Eastern (Assyrian, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox). Nontrinitarian ( Jehovah's Witness, Latter Day Saint, Oneness Pentecostal). Nontrinitarianism is a form of Christianity that rejects the mainstream Christian doctrine of the Trinity—the teaching that God is three distinct hypostases or persons who are coeternal, coequal, and indivisibly united in one being, or essence (from the Greek ousia). Certain religious groups that emerged during the Protestant Reformation have historically been known as antitrinitarian, but are not considered Protestant in popular discourse due to their nontrinitarian nature.

 Big bang theory: 1. Raj: Thanks for skipping the movie. I couldn't sit in that theatre for two hours wondering about Emily and that guy. Sheldon: Oh, quite all right. After my forehead melanoma scare 惊吓, 虚惊一场 I've learned not to sweat the small stuff 计较小事. Well, sorry, I don't have all the ingredients to make chai tea. Raj: You don't have to make me anything. Sheldon: No, I do. You're upset about Emily and you're Indian. I need to make you chai tea. Now, I have all the ingredients except cardamom seeds. Do you happen to have any on you? Raj: Sorry, I left them in my turban (burqa). Sheldon: Oh, I'll make English breakfast tea. They destroyed your culture. That's close enough. You know, I'm curious, why are you so upset about seeing Emily with another man? Raj: Wouldn't you be upset if you saw Amy out with someone else? Sheldon: Can't happen 不会的. We have an ironclad 滴水不漏的, 没有漏洞的, 铁桶一块的 (rock solid alibi ) relationship agreement which precludes ( preclude 禁止, 杜绝 if one thing precludes another, the first thing prevents the second one from happening. This policy precludes the routine use of pesticides. Tercek's interviewing style precluded any long-winded answers. If something precludes an event or action, it prevents the event or action from happening. At 84, John feels his age precludes too much travel. He would rebuff enquiries in such a way as to preclude any further discussion. If something precludes you from doing something or going somewhere, it prevents you from doing it or going there. A constitutional amendment precludes any president from serving more than two terms. In some cases poor English precluded them from ever finding a job. ) her from physical contact with anyone other than me. Raj: But you don't have sex with her, either. Sheldon: Slick 狡猾, 狡诈, huh? Raj: To be truthful, Emily and I haven't dated that long, and we never agreed to be exclusive to each other. Sheldon: Have you had intercourse? Raj: No. Sheldon: Well, stick to your guns. There will be a lot of pressure. 2. Leonard: That's a rude thing to say, out loud. Sheldon: It's an outrage. Honestly, I'm tempted to leave the university. Howard: You know, if you're really serious about that, I hear there are some exciting opportunities in home care for the old and fat. Leonard: Whatever you do, just don't make any rash decisions. Sheldon: I don't know. I am really aggravated 激怒了, 气坏了. Raj: When I'm feeling low, I have sex with a girl. But that's just me. 3. Amy: Hi, is Sheldon here? Leonard: No, I thought he was with you. Amy: He was, but he stormed off and now he isn't answering his phone. Leonard: What happened? Amy: He was really angry that you suggested he move out. Leonard: Oh. Amy: I also mentioned that he and I could live together but he was too mad at you to realize what a great idea that is. Leonard: Well, he's been having a couple of tough days. I'm sure he's fine. He probably just needs a little alone time 独处时间 to decompress( 解压. 缓解一下, 调节一下. 释放压力. [ˌdikəmˈpres] I. to reduce the pressure on something, especially air pressure. a. to relieve (a substance) of pressure or (of a substance) to be relieved of pressure. b. to return (a diver, caisson worker, etc) to a condition of normal atmospheric pressure gradually from a condition of increased pressure or (of a diver, etc) to be returned to such a condition. c. to relax after stressful activity. II. ​computing to change a compressed computer file back to its full size. ). Amy: You're probably right. So, what are you guys doing? Penny: Well, Leonard cooked for me and now we're just having a nice dinner, you know, as a newly engaged couple. Amy: That's nice. Leonard: Anyway, as I was saying, Sheldon probably just needs a little alone time. 'Cause that's important. Not just for him, but for most anybody, really. Amy: Don't I know it ( I know; I am very familiar with it (some stated fact). I know that very well or am fully aware of it (due to my particular circumstances). A: "Wow, I guess you guys still have a lot to get done before the baby comes." B: "Yeah, don't I know it." ) 还用你说, 我自然知道, 我当然知道啊, 我能不知道吗, 你当我不知道啊, 你当我不明白啊. What is that, polenta ( [pəˈlentə] a soft Italian food made from corn, eaten with meat or vegetables. )? Penny: Amy, get out. 4. Sheldon: At the hot dog stand in the Denver train station, Heinz ketchup. At the hot dog stand in the Salt Lake City train station, Heinz ketchup. At the hot dog stand in the Indianapolis train station? Leonard: I don't care. Sheldon: Wrong. Hunt's. Hey, Amy, what do you say? You ready to move on to the mustard round? Amy: Have you not noticed that I've been sitting back here quietly stewing 生闷气 ( stew noun. A stew is a meal which you make by cooking meat and vegetables in liquid at a low temperature. She served him a bowl of lamb stew. They made a stew. verb. I. When you stew meat, vegetables, or fruit, you cook them slowly in liquid in a closed dish. Stew the apple and blackberries to make a thick pulp. ...stewed prunes. II. To cook (food) by slowly boiling or simmering. I'm going to stew some meat for the casserole. The meat is stewing nicely. To cook (food) by slowly boiling or simmering. I'm going to stew 慢炖 some meat for the casserole. The meat is stewing nicely. III. To suffer under uncomfortably hot conditions. IV. (intransitive, figuratively) 生闷气 To be in a state of elevated anxiety or anger. in a stew If you are in a stew, you feel very worried. He's been in a stew since early this morning. Highly charged emotions have you in a stew. let someone stew/leave someone to stew (in their own juice) 让...着着急 If you let a person stew or if you leave them to stew, you deliberately allow them to worry about something for a while, rather than telling them something which would make them feel better. I'd rather let him stew. Leave them to stew in their own juice. to deliberately leave someone to worry about something that they have done wrong. a taste/dose of (one's) own medicine An experience of the same harmful or unpleasant thing that one has inflicted on others; an attack in the same manner in which one attacks others. an unpleasant experience in retaliation for and by similar methods to an unkind or aggressive act. Doug is a bully—of course he won't like it when his victims fight back and give him a taste of his own medicine. This team likes to play rough, so let's go out there and give them a taste of their own medicine!) for the past two hours? Sheldon: I just thought you were bad at the game. Amy: I'm mad at you. How could you just go away like that without even saying good-bye, and then call Leonard for help instead of me? Sheldon: Amy, may I please have a moment of privacy to speak with my roommate? Amy: We're in a moving car. What do you expect me to do? Stick my fingers in my ears? Sheldon: Well, I was thinking put your head out the window like a dog, but that'll work. Please? This'll be quick 很快就好, 一下下就好. Leonard? As soon as we get home, I want to have coitus with Amy. Okay, she can't hear. The reason I called you is because I didn't want Amy to know I couldn't make it on my own. Leonard: What's the big deal? Sheldon: Oh, of course it's no big deal to you. You idolize me, and nothing could ever knock me off that pedestal [ˈpedɪst(ə)l] you put me on. Leonard: Well, yeah, it's true. You, you are a god to me. 5. Bernadette (on skype): Hey. Amy: Hey, what's going on? Bernadette: Not much. You want to get a drink later? Just the two of us? Amy: No Penny? Bernadette: Not tonight. I'm a little frustrated with her. Amy: Because you got her the job and you think she should be working harder to prepare for it? Bernadette: So it's not just me. You see it, too. Amy: I do, I see it. Bernadette: It's driving me crazy. Just this afternoon, I saw on Instagram that instead of studying, she went out to lunch and got a manicure. Amy: That's outrageous. Bernadette: I know. Amy: If she doesn't do well, this could reflect poorly on you 让我显得不好, 显得我不好. Bernadette: Exactly. Does she not realize it or does she not care? Amy: I don't know. The important thing is I am here for you so we can mutually disparage 贬低, 贬斥 ( [dɪˈsperɪdʒ] to say unpleasant things about someone or something that show you have no respect for them. If you disparage someone or something, you speak about them in a way which shows that you do not have a good opinion of them. Many people will disparage what you are trying to achieve. The tax cut is widely disparaged by senators from both parties as a budget gimmick. ) this unpleasing third party. 6. Amy: So, after drinks with Bernadette, I get home, and Penny calls to complain about her. And then while I'm talking to Penny, I get a text from Bernadette. Sheldon: I am trying to prepare my lesson plan for Howard. Why are you telling me this? Amy: Because it's taken 15 years, but high school is finally awesome. I love them both, but I'm in the centre now, and I love that even more. Sheldon: Amy, please. I am trying to figure out a way to intellectually emasculate a dear friend of mine. Amy: But I'm just… Sheldon: Not now. Amy: You better watch that attitude, buddy. You're dating the popular girl now. 7. Leonard: Hmm. You're up late 还没睡. Sheldon: Oh, I'm working on my lesson plan for Wolowitz. He is going to be so lost. Look at this section over here. Even I don't really understand it. Leonard: Sheldon, why are you doing this? Sheldon: I'm a teacher, Leonard. It's my job. Leonard: No, I mean, why are you going to so much trouble to prove that you're smarter than Wolowitz? Sheldon: Oh, it's no trouble, its actually a pleasure. Leonard: You want to know what I think? I think the idea that someone could be as smart as you, or even smarter, scares the pants off you, and you can't deal with it 受不了. Sheldon: Interesting point. You're suggesting that I have emotional issues below my consciousness 潜意识里 which drive 驱使我的行为 my behaviour, thus causing me to lash out at anything or anyone that threatens my intellectual superiority. Leonard: Might be something to think about. Sheldon: Leonard? Leonard: Yeah. Sheldon: Howard's allergic to peanuts. How can I use that against him? Howard: Hey. Sheldon: Okay, now that everyone's here, we can begin. Howard: Before we do, I just talked to Leonard. And if you're gonna spend all your time trying to belittle 贬低, 蔑视 me by making this class unnecessarily hard, then I'm out. But if you're interested in making a sincere effort to be a good teacher, then I'm willing to give this a shot. Sheldon: I suppose that's a fair request 请求, 要求. There's no reason we both can't benefit from this experience. Howard: Okay. Sheldon: Okay. Well, then, uh, first things first. Um, are you familiar with the Brachistochrone problem? Howard: I am. Sheldon: Good. And how it relates to the calculus of variations? Howard: It's an inverted cycloid. Sheldon: Wonderful. Now, what about Euler-Lagrange theorems? Howard: That's where I'm a little fuzzy 稀里糊涂的, 不是太明白的. Sheldon: Ha! I knew it. All right. We have a lot of information to cover before your first test. Which, by the way, is in eight minutes. The good news is I'm grading on a curve, so you're pretty much guaranteed a C. 8. Amy: Close enough. Um, I was just calling to see what you were up tonight. Thought maybe we could hit up Color Me Mine, maybe sneak in some Pinot Greej. Whatevs. Penny: Uh, thanks, but I think I'm gonna stay in and go over the stuff Bernadette gave me. Amy: Oh. Oh, I hear you. Try and get that nag 唠叨鬼, 烦人精 off your back, right? I mean, you're not a bicycle, why's she riding you like that? Penny: No, I think she was just trying to help. Plus, I really want to do well at this job. So… Amy: Okay, good luck. And call me later, you know, if you decide she's a bitch or something. Hey, girlfriend. Bernadette: Hey, Amy. Amy: Tonight. You, me, Color Me Mine. Maybe we sneak in some Pinot, make it Color Me Wine. Bernadette: That sounds fun, but I promised Penny I'd come by and help her study. Amy: Oh. Well, good luck getting her to do that. She's probably off getting another manicure. You remember when she did that? You remember? Bernadette: I was probably being too hard 太严厉, 太严格 on her. We talked 我们聊了一下, we're good. 9. Sheldon: It is true that many of my heroes have taken students under their wings. Feynman, Einstein, Professor X. Humorously, in the case of Professor X, some of his students actually had wings. That's rich. I'll use that one to lighten the mood 缓解情绪, 轻松, 调节气氛 after my entire class fails the midterm. after doing something VS after having done something (一般不跟完成时) VS after someone does (did) something. after后边跟从句和介词短在主语一致的情况下是一样的 : I've checked my English grammar book "Oxford press". the right sentences in written English are: 1) DOING the shopping, we went back home. 2) HAVING DONE the shopping, we went back home. 3) AFTER DOING shopping, we went back home. it is NOT right "after having done shopping". RULES: a) 两个连续的短动作. When there are 2 short actions, one straight after the other, we can use an -ing form for the first action. Opening the bottle, Mark poured the drinks (= he opened the bottle and then poured the drinks). But we can use the perfect -ing form as well. Having opened the bottle, Mark poured the drinks (= after opening the bottle, Mark poured the drinks). b) 一个动作是长的. IF EITHER OF THE ACTIONS IS LONG, WE MUST USE THE PERFECT. HAVING PHOTOCOPIED all the papers, she put them back in the file. The structures "1", "2", "3" are typical of written English. In SPOKEN ENGLISH , to talk about one action after another we use a sentence like this: I opened the bottle and then poured the drinks. 使用例子: She got back at 4.30 and went to see Emilie after (= after she got back). Three months after they moved out, the house was still empty. Soon/shortly after we set off, the car started to make a strange noise. I went to the post office straight/immediately after I left you. After what she did to me, I'll never trust her again. I can't believe she'd do that, not after all I've done for her. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag 这个句子存疑. Past perfect  tenses 过去完成时 (Present perfect 现在完成) are tough, and most English speakers don't even get them right. However, as you probably know, "after" puts you into a prepositional 介词 phrase. Perfect gerunds ("having finished") generally have no place in prepositional phrases. Past perfect gerunds also are very formal, and archaic in most forms of English. Only use them if you want to indicate you're educated, never in general conversation. gerund  [ˈdʒerənd] 动名词 a noun formed by adding '-ing' to a verb, that describes an action, such as 'running' or 'believing'. 不要使用after having: 用once. Once having done the shopping, we went back home. Or leave "after" out all together. After doing the shopping ..., Having done the shopping ... (no after), After having done ...? That seems redundant.