arbitrate仲裁 VS arbitrary武断; use VS usage; discreet VS discrete; sanitary VS hegienic; She'll be right;

用法学习: 1. inspired adj. I. of extraordinary quality, as if arising from some external creative impulse. excellent, or resulting from inspiration: an inspired performance/choice. an inspired suggestion/guess. "they had to thank the goalkeeper for some inspired saves". II. (of air or another substance) that is breathed in. "inspired air must be humidified". I was thinking, if it isn't too much trouble 不是太麻烦的话, I'd like to get your opinion about my paper. Thank you. It would be an honor. Oh. Uh, great. Well, actually, I don't need that. I hacked into your e-mail account and read it. And what did you think? Well, first, I think the fact that you use your birthday as a password is embarrassing. Mmm. Thank you. Second, um I thought your paper was inspired. Oh, well, that that means a lot to me. drawn to (something) like a moth to a flame 飞蛾扑火 Eagerly drawn or attracted to something. (Bright lights often attract moths.) I had always liked art, and once I got to college, I was drawn to textile design like a moth to a flame My toddler is drawn to anything that could be remotely dangerous like a moth to a flame. Customers were drawn to the sale like a moth to a flame. They came from all over and bought up everything in the store. 2. Glitter 亮粉 (glitter tube) is also used by nail artists and make-up artists to make statements about femininity and beauty standards. The flashy, sparkling nature of glitter allows users to push standard ideas of beauty and what is and isn't considered "excessive" in terms of make-up. Glitter is usually associated with nightlife and not professionalism, but wearing it in different settings can push these boundaries. Glitter is also used for glitter bombing, which is an act of protest in which activists throw glitter on people at public events. Glitter bombers have frequently been motivated by, though not limited to, their targets' opposition to same-sex marriage. Some legal officials argue glitter bombing is technically assault and battery. It is possible for glitter to enter the eyes or nose and cause damage to the cornea or other soft tissues potentially irritating them or leading to infection, depending on the size of the glitter. Whether a prosecutor would pursue the charges depends on a number of factors. 3. infirm [ɪnˈfɜː(r)m] I. weak because of old age or illness. A person who is infirm is weak or ill, and usually old. ... her aging, infirm husband. a. the infirm people who are infirm. We are here to protect and assist the weak and infirm. In spite of his age and infirmity, he still writes plays and novels. Older people often try to ignore their infirmities. Critics also note that children appear to be far less likely to test positive for the virus, and say the government should focus instead on the elderly and infirm 身体弱的, 老弱病残 who account for most of the deaths. frail adj. I. Someone who is frail is not very strong or healthy. She lay in bed looking particularly frail. II. Something that is frail is easily broken or damaged. The frail craft rocked as he clambered in. 病毒报道: In Britain, Prime Minister Boris Johnson said it was "highly likely" the number of coronavirus cases in Britain will grow. There have been 51 confirmed so far. His government revealed a 25-page "action plan" for a worst-case scenario on Tuesday, which included calling retired doctors and nurses back to work and stopping police investigation into minor crimes – though Britain is yet to introduce some of the preventative measures 预防措施 adopted by European countries, such as prohibiting large gatherings 大范围聚集, 禁止大型集会. 4. constitute I. 等同于. 相当于, 算是. linking verb if something constitutes something else, it is considered to be that thing. If something constitutes a particular thing, it can be regarded as being that thing. Testing patients without their consent would constitute a professional and legal offence. The vote hardly constitutes a victory. What constitutes abuse? This letter does not constitute an offer of employment. The invasion constitutes a clear violation of our sovereignty. II. linking verb if several people or things constitute something, they combine to form it. If a number of things or people constitute something, they are the parts or members that form it. Volunteers constitute more than 95% of The Center's work force. one of the countries that constitute the European Union. III. transitive ​usually passive to formally establish an organization, institution, government, etc. and give it the authority to operate. When something such as a committee or government is constituted, it is formally established and given authority to operate. On 6 July, a People's Revolutionary Government was constituted. The accused will appear before a specially-constituted military tribunal. 5. rebuff 回绝, 拒绝 to refuse to talk to someone or do what they suggest. If you rebuff someone or rebuff a suggestion that they make, you refuse to do what they suggest. His proposals have already been rebuffed by the Prime Minister. The results of the poll dealt a humiliating rebuff to Mr Jones. Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel was rebuffed by her interior minister when she extended her hand to greet him. 病毒: Many stores in New York city have run out of sanitary supplies ( sanitary ​adj [ˈsænɪˌteri] I. relating to people's health, especially to the system of supplying water and dealing with human waste. Sanitary means concerned with keeping things clean and healthy, especially by providing a sewage system and a clean water supply. Sanitary conditions 卫生条件, 卫生状况 are appalling. The vast majority live in tin shacks without electricity, clean water or sanitary facilities 卫生设施. Overcrowding has now been added to poor sanitary conditions. II. a sanitary process or method is one that keeps things healthy and clean, especially by killing bacteria. a simple sanitary procedure for dealing with household waste. III. If you say that a place is not sanitary, you mean that it is not very clean. It's not the most sanitary place 干净的地方, 卫生的所在 one could swim. hygienic ​adj US & UK [haɪˈdʒinɪk] US only [haɪˈdʒenɪk] clean and not likely to cause illness or disease. hygienic conditions/supplies.  Something that is hygienic is clean and unlikely to cause illness. ...a white, clinical-looking kitchen that was easy to keep clean and hygienic. clinical [ˈklɪnɪk(ə)l] I. 临床的. ​only before noun involving working with people who are sick, rather than in a laboratory. Clinical means involving or relating to the direct medical treatment or testing of patients. The first clinical trials were expected to begin next year. ...a clinical psychologist. She was diagnosed as being clinically depressed. It has been clinically proved that it is better to stretch the tight muscles first. clinical practice: Undergraduate training is divided between study and clinical practice. a. relating to an illness. clinical signs/symptoms 临床的: They may be unaware that they have any clinical symptoms. II. not showing any excitement or emotion. You use clinical to describe thought or behaviour which is very logical and does not involve any emotion. All this questioning is so analytical [ˌænəˈlɪtɪk(ə)l] and clinical 冷冰冰的, 完全符合规矩的, 不掺杂个人情感的, 照章办事的, 公事公办的 – it kills romance. He told us the story in a cold and clinical manner. III. done in a perfect way or exactly according to the rules, but not in a way that is original or interesting. The Yankees' win was clinical rather than spectacular. by the book 公事公办, 严格, 不留余地, 照章办事 by the numbers following the rules exactly. (Alludes to a (numbered) book of rules. go ~; do something ~; play ~; run something~. The judge of the contest ran things strictly by the rules and disqualified us on a small technicality. Everyone insisted that we go by the numbers and not accept the proposal. frigid [ˈfrɪdʒɪd] I. extremely formal and unfriendly. If you describe the atmosphere in a place or someone's behaviour as frigid, you mean that it is very formal and unfriendly. 态度生硬的, 公事公办的 (prim and proper). 冷淡的. 正式的. He presided at all councils of ministers, where the atmosphere could be frigid on occasions. her frigid tones. prim and proper (idiomatic) prudish, straight-laced. Having very traditional, morally conservative beliefs and behavior. I've never dated someone who is so prim and proper before. I'm not sure how he's going react when he meets my family! She's so prim and proper that I bet she's never even jaywalked before. II. a frigid woman does not enjoy having sex. If a woman is frigid, she finds it difficult to become sexually aroused. Frigid is often used to show disapproval. My husband says I am frigid. ...an inability to experience orgasm (often called frigidity). III. formal extremely cold. Frigid means extremely cold. A snowstorm hit the West today, bringing with it frigid temperatures. The water was too frigid to allow him to remain submerged for long. prim and proper 公事公办, 不留情面, 不留余地 (idiomatic) prudish, straight-laced. Having very traditional, morally conservative beliefs and behavior. I've never dated someone who is so prim and proper before. I'm not sure how he's going react when he meets my family! She's so prim and proper that I bet she's never even jaywalked before. hard-headed I. 不讲人情的, 铁面无私的. 无情的. able to make judgments and decisions in a practical way, without being influenced by emotions. You use hard-headed to describe someone who is practical and determined to get what they want or need, and who does not allow emotions to affect their actions. ...a hard-headed and shrewd businesswoman. They are taking a hard-headed commercial decision. II. unwilling to change your mind or your behavior.  This was a decisive, unexpected move that perhaps suggests she's more assertive 有主见的, 知道自己想要什么的, 坚定的 and businesslike ( hard-headed: 公事公办的, 不讲人情的) than one might have expected. stiff adj. I. 僵硬的. If you are stiff or part of your body is stiff, your muscles hurt when they are moved: Sitting still at a computer terminal all day can give you a stiff neck. II. not easily bent or moved: The handle on this door is rather stiff. The man's body was (as) stiff as a board when it was found in the snow. III. behaving in a way that is formal and not relaxed: The general is a tall man with steel spectacles and a stiff 公事公办, 有一说一的, pompous manner. IV. a stiff breeze/wind: a strong wind. a stiff drink, brandy, gin, etc: an alcoholic drink that is very strong: A stiff whisky - that's what I need. A stiff price is very expensive: We had to pay a stiff membership fee to join the health club. adv. very much, or to a great degree: I got frozen stiff (= very cold) waiting at the bus stop. I was scared stiff when I heard someone moving around upstairs. v. to not pay someone money that you owe them: She stiffed the cab driver. ) such as hand sanitiser, masks and antibacterial wipes. As the public and governments grapple with understanding Covid-19 and how to curb its spread (contain the spread) 控制传播, 限制传播, sales of hand sanitiser gel have soared. In the UK, some supermarkets have already run out and Boots is rationing 限制购买, 限购 purchases to two bottles a customer. But is hand gel really effective against coronavirus? Hygiene experts 卫生专家, the NHS and Public Health England all agree that to kill most viruses, a hand sanitiser requires at least 60% alcohol content (most contain 60-95%). For those with sensitive skin, there are now options that don't contain alcohol 不含酒精, 不包含酒精. Sally Bloomfield, a professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, says that viruses are much more resistant to disinfectants 消毒剂 than bacteria. Luckily, she says, coronavirus is an envelope virus, meaning it has a coating around it which the alcohol can attack, thereby eliminating the threat. 6. 疫情控制: The message was echoed by global health officials, who said they were encouraged that even in some countries that had taken far less aggressive measures than China's to contain the spread, the virus remains largely in check. Because the virus is not transmitted as easily as the flu, "it offers us a glimmer. ( noun I. a soft weak light that is not steady. II. a very slight feeling or look that is not easily noticed. There was a glimmer of amusement in his eyes. a glimmer​/​ray of hope  a very small sign that something might improve or succeed The transplant offers Lucy and her parents a new glimmer of hope. ). that this virus can be suppressed and contained," said Dr Mike Ryan, the WHO's emergencies chief. The worst-hit 受损最严重的 places outside China were South Korea, Iran and Italy. Pro basketball and volleyball games are being played in thoroughly disinfected 消毒过的 arenas with no spectators. The Islamic Republic confirmed 2,336 cases and 77 deaths, but many believe the true number is larger. Its reported caseload 患病总数 surged more than 250 per cent in just 24 hours. Italy's caseload rose to 2,502, including 79 deaths – a figured that doubled in 24 hours, and the highest outside of China. 7. fireside chat 火边闲聊 I. an informal conversation. It's 30 years since the leaders of the industrialised west gathered for a quiet 'fireside chat'. II. an informal broadcast by the president or another politician. The Queen agreed to meet Harry for the extraordinary fireside chat to clear the air about his and Meghan's imminent royal departure after a request from the Duke. A royal source said: “The Queen had a lot to talk to Harry about and this was the ideal time for them to both say their piece (say your piece (speak one's mind) 说出心声, 坦诚心事, 说说心里话, 吐露心里话, 心中所想, 开诚布公的谈谈, 好好聊聊, 好好谈谈 to say what you really think about something. If you say your piece, you say everything you want to say about a particular matter without being interrupted, although people may be wanting to express opposing views. I'll answer your questions when I've said my piece. Right, I've said my piece, so now you know what I think.) Sunday was the first time the Queen has had the chance to talk to Harry on his own and really find out what his plans are. It was a much more relaxed environment and they were both able to speak their mind (= say one's piece). The cost of security is something that still needs to be resolved. But Harry is also a much-loved grandson who she has always doted on. wiki: The fireside chats were a series of evening radio addresses given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (known colloquially as "FDR") between 1933 and 1944. Roosevelt spoke with familiarity to millions of Americans about the promulgation ( promulgate [ˈprɑməlˌɡeɪt] I. to make an idea or belief known to as many people as possible. II. to make an official announcement introducing a law or rule. If people promulgate a new law or a new idea, they make it widely known. The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. If a new law is promulgated by a government or national leader, it is publicly approved or made official. A new constitution was promulgated last month. ...the promulgation of the constitution. ) of the Emergency Banking Act in response to the banking crisis, the recession, New Deal initiatives, and the course of World War II. On radio, he was able to quell rumors and explain his policies. His tone 语气 and demeanor 做派 communicated self-assurance 让人放心 during times of despair and uncertainty. Roosevelt was regarded as an effective communicator on radio, and the fireside chats kept him in high public regard throughout his presidency. Their introduction was later described as a "revolutionary experiment with a nascent media platform." The term "fireside chat" was inspired by a statement by Roosevelt's press secretary, Stephen Early, who said that the president liked to think of the audience as a few people seated around his fireside. Listeners were able to picture FDR in his study, in front of the fireplace, and could imagine they were sitting beside him. 8. discreet [dɪˈskriːt] I. 谨慎的. 不乱说话的. careful not to say anything that is secret or that could upset someone. If you are discreet, you are polite and careful in what you do or say, because you want to avoid embarrassing or offending someone. Harry discreetly walked from his Frogmore Cottage home to Windsor Castle for his chat with the Queen. Harry, 35, had discreetly strolled from his Frogmore Cottage home in Windsor Home Park to the castle, where he and the Queen shared a light lunch and tea as they discussed his future. They were gossipy and not always discreet. He followed at a discreet distance. I took the phone, and she went discreetly into the living room. She's very discreet and loyal. II. unlikely to attract attention. They followed at a discreet distance. III. 低调的. 不引人注意的. 不招摇的. 不张扬的 (understated) small and not very noticeable. If you describe something as discreet, you approve of it because it is small in size or degree, or not easily noticed. She wore discreet jewellery. discreet gold earrings. IV. If you are discreet about something you are doing, you do not tell other people about it, in order to avoid being embarrassed or to gain an advantage. We were very discreet about the romance. She's making a few discreet inquiries with her mother's friends. Everyone tried discreetly to find out more about him. understated ​adjective showing approval not trying to impress people or to attract their attention, and therefore attractive or effective. She dressed with understated elegance 低调的奢华. discrete [dɪˈskriːt] separate. Discrete ideas or things are separate and distinct from each other. ...instruction manuals that break down jobs into scores of discrete steps. discrete categories/units. 9. hot commodity 热门货, 热门商品 someone or something that is highly valued or in much demand. an actor who is a hot commodity in Hollywood right now. If you've been in a supermarket or even just on social media in the last 24 hours, you'll be aware toilet paper is a hot commodity in Australia at the moment. On Tuesday evening, the radio host shared a photo of her two remaining rolls, admitting she was feeling unnerved about her ability to restock(unnerve to make someone nervous or frightened. ). The mother of one then listed (in emojis) some alternatives for when her dwindling stash eventually runs out: a shower, newspaper, cash, and, "if times get really bad", a bare hand. Emdur also posted a screenshot of a webpage explaining that "corn husks 玉米皮 were the earliest toilet paper.". A "hot property(stolen goods)" is one that many people want to buy. It is highly desirable. A person who is a "hot property" is one that is at the peak of his career. An actor who is a hot property, for example, would be one that is highly sought after and well paid. usage I. 用法. uncountable ​linguistics the way that words are used by people when they speak and write their language. Usage is the way in which words are actually used in particular contexts, especially with regard to their meanings. The word 'undertaker' had long been in common usage. He was a stickler for the correct usage of English. There are some major differences between British and American usage. in common usage: technical terms that are now in common usage. a. countable a particular meaning of a word. A usage is a meaning that a word has or a way in which it can be used. It's very definitely a usage which has come over to Britain from America. This usage was first recorded in the 19th century. II. uncountable the process of using something. Usage is the degree to which something is used or the way in which it is used. Parts of the motor wore out because of constant usage 经常使用. If your water usage 用量, 用水 is very small, it may be worthwhile opting for a meter. We charge a monthly usage fee 使用费 of £6. a. 用量. the amount of something that you use. use noun. I. singular/ uncountable the act of using something. use of: the use 使用 of resources/technology/computers. Farmers are reducing the use 减少使用 of pesticides on food crops. Their unnecessary use of force has endangered peace efforts. II. 用途. countable/uncountable a way of using something These rollers have a variety of manufacturing uses. use of: This is not the best use of your talents. use for: I kept hoping to find a use for it. If you run out of toilet paper, Married at First Sight alumnus Ryan Gallagher also chimed in, quipping: "Finally a use 用途 for odd socks 落单的袜子." III. uncountable the right, an opportunity, or permission to use something. have the use of something 使用权, 使用许可: We can have the use of the hall every Thursday. for the use of someone 供使用 (=only for them to use): The pool was built for the exclusive use of residents. IV. uncountable the ability to use a part of your body or mind. lose the use of something: He lost the use of his legs in a car accident. V. countable a meaning of a word, or a way of speaking or writing a word. This use 用法 is now fairly common among young people. namecheck to mention the name of a person, company or product to give them publicity, to show that you know them, or in order to thank them. I met so many wonderful people yesterday and I can't namecheck all of them. They namecheck Mortal Kombat characters a lot. On a more practical level, Brendan Fevola suggested baby wipes (to replace toilet paper), while Marni Little and Judd both mentioned ordering toilet paper online — with Judd name-checking eco-friendly company 'Who Gives a Crap' . However, the Aussie-founded company has now confirmed it, too, has sold out of product, so there goes that option for now. there goes — used to express the destruction or failure of something. used when you are losing something, for example an opportunity or money, as a result of something that has just happened. There go our chances of winning the championship. "there goes my career". used for expressing disappointment that something has failed, has been lost, or has been destroyed. Well, there goes any hope that he'll call me again. 10. defy I. If you defy someone or something that is trying to make you behave in a particular way, you refuse to obey them and behave in that way. This was the first (and last) time that I dared to defy 抵抗, 抗旨不尊, 不服从, 不遵从, 不听从 my mother. Nearly eleven-thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading. to refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc.: It is rare to see children openly defying their teachers. A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike. The fact that aircraft don't fall out of the sky always seems to me to defy (= act against) the law of gravity. A forest fire raging in southern California is defying (= is not changed by) all attempts to control it. II. defy sb to do sth. If you defy someone to do something, you challenge them to do it when you think that they will be unable to do it or too frightened to do it. to tell someone to do something that you think will be impossible: I defy you to prove your accusations. I defy you to tell where I've painted over the scratch on my car. I defy you to read this book and not feel motivated to change. He looked at me as if he was defying me to argue. III. If something defies description or understanding, it is so strange, extreme, or surprising that it is almost impossible to understand or explain. to be extreme or very strange and therefore impossible to believe, describe, or explain: defy belief/description/explanation 难以描述, 无从描述, 难以置信. The chaos at the airport defies description. The skill of the craftsman who made it defies description. It's a devastating and barbaric act that defies all comprehension. defy one's age / the years 冻龄 If you say that someone defies their age, or defies the years, you mean that their appearance or behaviour suggests that they are younger than they really are. 11. the thin/small end of the wedge (idiomatic) Something that if allowed or accepted to a small degree would lead to systematic encroachment. the beginning of a harmful development: Identity cards for students could be the thin end of the wedge - soon everyone might have to carry identification. The MP told parliament that legalising cannabis would be the thin end of the wedge. give them an inch and they'll take a mile 得寸进尺 Granting someone a limited concession will encourage them to take greater liberties. said about someone who has been given a small amount of power or freedom to do something, and then has tried to get a lot more. A slippery slope argument (SSA), in logic, critical thinking, political rhetoric, and caselaw, is often viewed as a logical fallacy in which a party asserts that a relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant (usually negative) effect. camel's nose: Do not allow a camel to put his nose under the edge of your tent, for soon you will have a camel in your tent. A situation where the permitting of some small act will lead to a larger undesirable act or circumstance. get one's foot in the door (idiomatic) To initiate contact or a relationship; to gain access, especially to an entry-level job. Etymology:  Probably from a practice attributed to door-to-door salesmen of placing a foot in the opening of a prospective customer's door, thereby preventing the person from closing the door until the conclusion of the sales pitch. foot-in-the-door technique = door-in-the-face technique 先骗上船再说, 先上勾再上吊 (psychology) A compliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first having them agree to a modest request. ambit claim 要高价, 讨价还价时的策略, 高走低开( ambit 范围 [ˈæmbɪt] the range within which something, especially a rule or law, is effective or has power. the range or limits of the influence of something: They believe that all the outstanding issues should fall within the ambit of the talks. Her case falls within the ambit of moral law. ): An "ambit claim" refers to a broad, often exaggerated, initial demand made with the expectation of eventually negotiating a more reasonable outcome. It's a tactic used in bargaining where the initial demands are much higher than what is realistically expected to be accepted, allowing for room to compromise and settle on a final agreement. an extravagant initial demand made in expectation of an eventual counter-offer and compromise. In negotiation, an ambit claim is an initial demand made over and above what is expected in counter-offers and settlement. In negotiation, an ambit claim is an extravagant initial demand made in expectation of an eventual counter-offer and compromise. In labor union negotiations, this is called a Blue Sky demand( blue-sky 天马行空的, 不切实际的 using the imagination to think of ideas that do not yet have practical uses or make money. of or denoting theoretical research without regard to any future application of its result a blue-sky project. blue-sky research. blue-sky thinking. blue-sky thinking 天马行空的想法 = blue-sky ideas fanciful; impractical. ways of thinking about a subject or dealing with a problem that are new and original but may not always be practical: What we need at the moment is specialist knowledge and implementation rather than blue-sky thinking. blue-sky laws a state law regulating the trading of securities: intended to protect investors from fraud. laws that exist in US states to prevent people from trading shares on the stock market in a dishonest way: Blue sky laws, so named because they focussed on the sale of issues that had the value of blue sky, related only to state-issued securities. a blue-sky stock having dubious value; not financially sound. ). lowball: I. at a level that is unfairly low. lowball bid/offer/price 低报价 The board issued a statement to make it clear that they would not consider any lowball offers. II. to calculate something at a price or level that is unfairly low. The campaign accused insurance companies of using computer programs designed to lowball claims and increase company profits. verb. I. to deliberately estimate a lower price for (a service or merchandise) than one intends to charge. to lowball the cost of a move. II. to give a false estimate or bid for. III. to so understate (a price, etc.). highball a drink that consists of a small quantity of a spirit (= a strong alcoholic drink) mixed with a larger quantity of a mixer (= a drink without alcohol), and ice, served in a tall glass. A highball is an alcoholic drink consisting of liquor such as whiskey or brandy mixed with soda water or ginger ale and served with ice in a tall glass. ...a bourbon highball. wiki: This is a tactic for sellers, where you make your first offer as high possible without completely putting off the customer. This can be helped by determining what constitutes a reasonable range of prices, so do your research beforehand to find the buyer's zone of acceptability, then start at, or even above, the top of their range. Be careful about asking the other person what they will offer, as their first bid anchors the discussion, quite possibly on the low side (although if they seem particularly keen to settle, asking them might give you a pleasant surprise). Example: A child who wants a parent to fund a night out starts by asking for about three times as much as they really want. When selling goods, a market trader starts with a high price. He then reduces the price without being bargained with, using excuses about being kind, needing to sell everything today and so on. An estate agent takes buyers to houses that they cannot afford. This, however, raises their desires and the house they eventually buy is more expensive than they had anticipated. The low-ball 出超低价, 报低价 is a persuasion, negotiation, and selling technique. When used by buyer, the low-ball is an offer for goods or services far lower than the price the buyer is willing to pay, made in the hope that the seller will at least counter-offer a price lower than the original asking price. Sellers looking to maximize profit but expecting would-be buyers to haggle may conversely make a "high-ball" offer and/or asking price. Eg: A car buyer offers an unreasonably low price to a dealer, hoping to settle for a fair discount. When a seller makes a low-ball offer this means an item or service is offered at a lower price than what is needed actually for the desired profit margin to be realized. The seller makes the offer with the intent of quickly raising the price in order to increase profits and/or with the intent of selling would-be buyers additional, more profitable products and services. An explanation for the effect is provided by cognitive dissonance theory. If a person is already enjoying the prospect of an excellent deal and the future benefits of the item or idea, then backing out would create cognitive dissonance, which is prevented by playing down the negative effect of the "extra" costs. The converse offer from a buyer, a "high-ball" offer, is an offer at a price the buyer hopes is not quickly accepted, made with the intention of being replaced with a reduced price to pressure a reluctant seller. Eg: Airlines offer cheap base fares but charge high fees for baggage, seat selection, and meals. 12. She'll be right (often followed by a friendly term of address such as mate) is a frequently used idiom in Australian and New Zealand culture that expresses the belief that "whatever is wrong will right itself with time", which is considered to be either an optimistic or apathetic outlook. The term can also be used to refer to a situation or object which is not perfect but is good enough to fulfil its purpose. In this usage, "she" represents everything, allowing the phrase to be used both in circumstances of extreme hardship and in casual speech referring to everyday events. Related terms also used with the same meaning include She'll be bananas (Australia) and She's good (New Zealand). In recent years, the term has taken on a less than flattering connotation, with "a she'll-be-right attitude 对付着过, 忍辱负重, 忍忍就好, 无所谓, 得过且过, 忍辱偷生, 不抗争, 不上进" referring to a willingness to accept a low-quality or makeshift situation rather than seek a more desirable solution. 13. staple noun. I. a small piece of wire that you press through pieces of paper with a small object called a stapler so that the ends of the wire bend over and fasten the pieces of paper together. a. a small piece of metal shaped like a U with pointed ends that you force into a surface to hold something in place. II. an important product, especially a food, that people eat or use regularly. The shops are running out of staples 主食 such as rice and cooking oil. A spokesperson for Woolworths confirmed some stores were experiencing "partial stock shortages" due to an increase in demand for long life pantry items and household staples (essential items 生活必需品). a. 常备品. 常见用品. 常品. a regular and important part or feature of something. The black dress was an enduring staple of Diana's wardrobe. staple diet I. the things that someone uses or receives most regularly. the television viewer's staple diet of soaps and talk shows. II. the main food or foods that a person or animal eats regularly. the ermine's 白鼬 staple diet of rats and mice. Italians eat a lot of pasta as part of their staple diet 日常饮食. (stoat, also known as the ermine [ˈɜːrmɪn] 白鼬, short-tailed weasel.) staple gun a tool used for putting large heavy staples into wood or brick. staple adj. used for describing the products, especially foods, that are the most basic and important for a particular place or group of people. Potatoes are a staple element of our diet. staple verb to fasten pieces of paper together with a staple. 14. 抢购Woolworths to enforce buying limits 配给. 配额 ( ration [ˈræʃ(ə)n] I. to control the supply of something such as food so that people are allowed only a particular amount. During the strike, gas had to be rationed. II. to allow someone to have only a small amount of something. I've rationed myself to one candy bar a week. noun. I. countable a limited amount of something, especially food, that you are allowed to have, for example when there is not much available or when someone else is controlling it. They cut his daily ration of bread and water. II. rations plural amounts of food that are provided for people who do not have enough or for people such as soldiers. The organization will provide refugees with emergency rations. your ration of something someone's ration of something such as bad luck is the amount that they are likely to have in their life. ration out to divide something among people so that each one gets a small amount. With only one PC in the classroom, the teacher has to ration out computer time. ) on toilet paper as suppliers struggle with panic buying: "Our teams have been working hard to replenish these products as quickly as possible," the spokesperson said. "We have good stock levels to draw on in our distribution centres and will continue working closely with our suppliers to maintain supply." A spokesperson for Coles denied the supermarket chain was experiencing shortages 缺货 on essential pantry items and said the only stock issues were related to hand washing products. "Coles has increased the number of deliveries to stores this week to improve availability on popular products, such as long-life pantry staples and healthcare items," the spokesperson said. Like many retailers, we currently have a shortage of some antibacterial handwashes and hand sanitiser products due to high customer demand. Woolworths will apply a quantity limit on toilet paper to cope with a spike in demand as shoppers raid supermarket shelves amid panic buying ahead of a possible coronavirus pandemic. In a statement from Woolworths, the supermarket giant said they will be limiting the number of toilet paper packs to four per person. "It will help shore up stock levels 增加库存 as suppliers ramp up 提高产量 local production and deliveries in response to higher than usual demand," the statement said. The popular sustainable toilet paper company, Who Gives A Crap, tweeted on their Australian account informing customers they were working hard to restock and had revered ( revere [rɪˈvɪr] to have a lot of respect and admiration for someone or something. a professor he once revered but ultimately came to despise. revered ​adj respected, venerated. some of the country's most revered institutions. the country's most revered universities, Harvard and Yale. ) stock to ensure those with subscriptions would still receive deliveries. Mr Harrison said aside from paper-goods and long-life products, supplies of meat and other fresh foods are also starting to dwindle. "We are starting to see red meat shoot off the shelves as well. Obviously you can freeze the meat so I think people are taking opportunity to stock up and put extra packs of meat in the freezer." Mr Harrison urged consumers not to panic buy and said stockpiling 囤积 will only put more pressure on suppliers. "The trouble is, manufacturers can tool up but it takes time. It is not something you can fix in 24 hour, 48 hours. If we are not careful we will have gaping gaps aplenty ( adj. [əˈplenti] more than enough. ) on the supermarket shelves by the weekend." "I'm involved in the middle of all of this. I'm certainly not out buying up. I think we should be quite calm about the issue," Mr Hazzard said. "I think we should be very cautious, washing our hands, but not rushing out and buying up, that's unnecessary," he said. Shocked customers began posting photos online of empty supermarket shelves over the weekend, with supermarkets in suburbs such as Chatswood, Epping, Hornsby on the lower and upper north shores particularly hard hit 最严重, 情况最糟糕, 疫情最严重 with shortages. 15. "We are normally reluctant to suggest extra duties for the State's already over-stretched ( I. 资源紧张的, 资源不足的. without enough money, people, etc. to operate effectively. overstretched services. II. an overstretched muscle 过度拉伸, 拉伤 has been injured by stretching it too far. over-stretch I. to try to do too much with the money, people, etc. that are available. Police resources are overstretched in their fight against crime. II. to do more than you are capable of. overstretch yourself: He tends to overstretch himself in his efforts to succeed. outstretched 极力伸展的 ​adj stretched out as far as possible A bird was eating crumbs from her outstretched hand. overreach to try to do more than your ability, authority, or money will allow. overreach yourself: He has overreached himself financially. ) paramedic workforce. However, these are not normal times," Mr Hayes said. "Coronavirus will add massive strain 压力 to the flu season by clogging up emergency departments and medical centres. This also creates an environment for the virus to spread. Our paramedic members are prepared to do their bit by lifting their restriction on home diagnoses so they can test for Covid-19. This will allow potential patients to at least be diagnosed at home and ease the strain 减轻压力 on already clogged emergency departments. In a spirit of co-operation 本着合作的精神 we also request Treasurer Perrottet release the funds our health system desperately needs. An additional $100 million needs to be pumped into the health system to cope with this extraordinary state of affairs. Together we can overcome 战胜 coronavirus."A man in Tasmania who has tested positive to coronavirus 检测为阳性 went to a supermarket before self-isolating but the risk of transmission is considered low. While older people and those with pre-existing conditions are more susceptible 更容易被感染, anyone can catch it. The flurry was filmed 抢购卫生纸引起的骚乱 at Woolies in Revesby, in Sydney's south west, where shoppers were seen scrambling to grab packs 一包卫生纸 of toilet paper at 7am on Wednesday. It comes after a 24-roll pack of toilet paper was seen being advertised on Facebook Marketplace for $24,000. The rise in coronavirus cases has resulted in Australians panic buy essential items (household staples), including pasta, water bottles, flour, medical supplies and tinned foods.

 仲裁法庭: 1. tribunal 特别法庭 a special law court organized to judge a particular case. A tribunal is a special court or committee that is appointed to deal with particular problems. His case comes before an industrial tribunal in March. ...when a tribunal finds that an employee has been unfairly dismissed. a war crimes tribunal. A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes—whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title. 2. arbitrate [ˈɑrbɪˌtreɪt] ( arbitrator 仲裁人, arbitration 仲裁, arbitration court 仲裁法庭 ) to officially try to settle a disagreement by considering all the facts and opinions. When someone in authority arbitrates between two people or groups who are in dispute, they consider all the facts and make an official decision about who is right. He arbitrates between investors and members of the association. The tribunal had been set up to arbitrate in the dispute. He served as an arbitrator in a series of commercial disputes in India. A committee will arbitrate between management and unions. The tribunal arbitrates in disputes. If your two best friends are fighting over the last piece of gum in the pack, you might arbitrate by telling them to split the last piece. Arbitrate is when a neutral third party helps end a conflict. In the US, to avoid litigation, many choose non-binding arbitration—where a neutral third party suggests a settlement. arbitration the official process of trying to settle a disagreement between two people or groups by considering all the facts and opinions. go to arbitration (=use arbitration): Some salary claims will go to arbitration. Arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), is a way to resolve disputes outside the courts. The dispute will be decided by one or more persons (the "arbitrators", "arbiters" or "arbitral tribunal"), which renders the "arbitration award". An arbitration award is legally binding on both sides and enforceable in the courts. Arbitration is a proceeding in which a dispute is resolved by an impartial adjudicator whose decision the parties to the dispute have agreed, or legislation has decreed, will be final and binding. There are limited rights of review and appeal of arbitration awards. 3. arbitrary ['ɑːrbɪtri , US 'ɑːbɪtrəri] adj [disapproval] I. If you describe an action, rule, or decision as arbitrary, you think that it is not based on any principle, plan, or system. It often seems unfair because of this. not based on any particular plan, or not done for any particular reason. an arbitrary decision. The selection of the 100 participants was completely arbitrary. Arbitrary 无根无据的, 毫无根据的, 武断的, 无道理的, 无缘由的, 无理由的, 无理的, 无凭无据的 arrests and detention without trial were common. The victims were not chosen arbitrarily. He is horrified by the apparent arbitrariness by which she sets the prices. This is a country where arbitrary arrests are commonplace 稀松平常的. II. (of power or a ruling body) unrestrained and autocratic in the use of authority. "a country under arbitrary government". commonplace adj. not unusual It is now commonplace for people to use the Internet at home. noun. I. something that often happens or is often done and is therefore not unusual. II. a statement or idea that is expressed very often. Arbitrariness is the quality of being "determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason, or principle". It is also used to refer to a choice made without any specific criterion or restraint. Arbitrary decisions are not necessarily the same as random decisions. For example, during the 1973 oil crisis, Americans were allowed to purchase gasoline only on odd-numbered days if their license plate was odd, and on even-numbered days if their license plate was even. The system was well-defined and not random in its restrictions; however, since license plate numbers are completely unrelated to a person's fitness to purchase gasoline, it was still an arbitrary division of people. Similarly, schoolchildren are often organized by their surname in alphabetical order, a non-random yet an arbitrary method—at least in cases where surnames are irrelevant.

 stack it 以头抢地, 跌倒摔倒, 绊倒, 跌倒, 摔跤, 摔个狗啃泥, 摔个狗吃屎 To fall over in a spectacular or amusing fashion, often to the immense amusement of the people around you. to stack it is to fall over. To fall over in a spectacular or amusing fashion, often to the immense amusement of the people around you. I can't believe I stacked it up the stairs and passed out. I'm such a klutz 笨手笨脚的人(klutz [klʌts] 粗笨的人, 拙手笨脚, 拙笨, 笨拙, 笨手笨脚的人 mainly US informal a silly and clumsy person (= one who moves awkwardly and often has accidents). a person who moves awkwardly and often drops things: Don't expect Mark to catch the ball – he's a klutz. ). James stacked it and broke his leg. I can't believe I stacked it up the stairs and passed out. I'm such a klutz. You might have heard Kyle talking about this moment on air this morning – but trust us, that's NOTHING compared to the footage we managed to get of the moment that Kyle absolutely STACKED IT! It all went down on the roof during one of our ad breaks and just following the news that the Kyle and Jackie O Show had been ranked number 1 for FM breakfast once again. face plant 脸朝地, 大狗爬, 狗啃泥, 狗啃屎, 脸抢地 an instance of falling face first into or on to something. "a face plant to the ground left me with a scar". verb fall face first into or on to something. "he fell off the bottom step of the stairs and face-planted on the floor". faceplant 摔个狗吃屎, 狗啃泥 I. (informal) The act of landing face first, as a result of an accident or error. The skater slipped off his board and did a painful faceplant. II. (video games) Death or defeat in popular multiplayer online games. III. A wrestling move in which an attacking wrestler forces his/her opponent down to the mat face-first without a headlock or facelock. Usage notes: Other variants are more rarely found, such as assplant ("land on one's ass, buttocks (unintentionally)"), in addition to variants of the intentional handplant, such as elbow plant. stack verb I. to arrange things so that they are placed one on top of another. She began stacking plates on the trolley. a. to fill a machine or space by putting things in it on top of each other. He got a job stacking shelves at the supermarket. They went down to a small yard stacked high with rubbish. II. to put things so that they are standing one beside another. She was examining the paintings stacked against the wall. III. to make planes fly above or below other planes while waiting to land. IV. If someone in authority stacks an organization or body, they fill it with their own supporters so that the decisions it makes will be the ones they want it to make. They said they were going to stack the court with anti-abortion judges. The committee is stacked with members from energy-producing states. V. (transitive, US, Australia, slang) To crash; to fall. Jim couldn′t make it today as he stacked his car on the weekend. be stacked against you if something is stacked against you, it is unfair and will probably cause you to fail. The evidence seems stacked against me. the cards/odds are stacked against you used for saying that you are likely to fail, often because people are being unfair. chimney stack A chimney stack is the brick or stone part of a chimney that is above the roof of a building. stack noun. I. a pile of things placed one on top of another. a stack of 一摞 unopened mail. There were stacks of books on the floor. a. a pile of things standing or lying together. a stack of firewood. b. a pile of hay (=dry grass) or straw (=dry stems from a crop). II. countable a chimney (=a tube for letting smoke or gases escape into the air). smokestack. III. the stacks 书架子 plural the place in a library where books are stored and, where ordinary readers cannot go. IV. countable ​computing a system for storing information on a computer. V. (Australia, slang) A fall or crash, a prang. have a massive stack. 摔了一大跤. 跌了一跤. a stack of a large quantity of something. Prosecutors have produced a stack of evidence against him. They were given stacks and stacks of toys. blow your top​/​stack to suddenly become very angry The boss will blow his top when he hears about this. tumble (滚翻下去, 翻滚下去, 一个滚一个滚的下去) verb I. if a price or value tumbles 狂跌, it suddenly becomes much lower. If prices or levels of something are tumbling, they are decreasing rapidly. Oil prices took a tumble yesterday. House prices have tumbled by almost 30 per cent in real terms since mid-1989. Share prices continued to tumble today on the stock market. ...tumbling inflation. Unemployment tumbled to 5.6% in November. II. tumble or tumble down if a building or other structure tumbles, it falls to the ground. It seemed that the walls had tumbled from the inside. a. if someone tumbles, they fall to the ground. If someone or something tumbles somewhere, they fall there with a rolling or bouncing movement. A small boy tumbled off a third floor fire escape. The dog had tumbled down the cliff. He fell to the ground, and the gun tumbled out of his hand. He injured his ribs in a tumble from his horse. III. if water tumbles somewhere, a lot of it flows there. If water tumbles, it flows quickly over an uneven surface. Waterfalls crash and tumble over rocks. ...the aromatic pines and tumbling streams of the Zonba Plateau. a. used about large amounts of other things that move. Great white clouds tumbled over the mountain peaks above us. IV. if an organization or system tumbles, it suddenly stops existing. V. to do gymnastic movements in which you roll your body over on the floor. VI. If you say that someone tumbles into a situation or place 误闯进, 跌跌撞撞的跌进, you mean that they get into it without being fully in control of themselves or knowing what they are doing. [mainly British] The whole region seemed to be tumbling into crisis. They tumble into bed at eight o'clock, too tired to take their clothes off. tumble noun. I. a sudden fall in something such as a price or a value. take a tumble 狂跌, 大跌: The dollar took its biggest tumble in over two years. II. an occasion when someone falls to the ground. III. singular a large amount of long hair that hangs down. her red hair flashing in a tumble of angry waves. rough-and-tumble the rough way in which a particular activity is usually done, especially one in which there are no rules. You can use rough and tumble to refer to a situation in which the people involved try hard to get what they want, and do not worry about upsetting or harming others, and you think this is acceptable and normal. ...the rough-and-tumble of political combat. Rough and tumble is physical playing that involves noisy and slightly violent behaviour. He enjoys rough and tumble play. rough-and-tumble of: It's all part of the rough-and-tumble of a political campaign. tumble into if you tumble into a situation, you get into it without really trying to or without knowing what you are doing. I never studied acting – I just kind of tumbled into it 偶然撞上. tumble down 轰然倒塌 I. If a building tumbles down, it collapses or parts of it fall off, usually because it is old and no-one has taken care of it. The outer walls looked likely to tumble down in a stiff wind. If the foundations are flawed the house will come tumbling down. The scaffolding tumbled down, burying him under it. Communism came tumbling down all over Eastern Europe. II. if long hair tumbles down, it hangs down in large amounts Long dark hair tumbled down her back. tumble to I. to realize or understand something. II. if you tumble to something such as a solution, you discover it suddenly. tumble over If someone or something tumbles over, they fall, often with a rolling or bouncing movement. The man tumbled over backwards. take a tumble to fall suddenly to a lower level: Company profits took a tumble last year. a. To fall suddenly to the ground, typically from stumbling or tripping. I took a bit of a tumble walking home last night, hence the bruises. b. To suffer a sudden fall or decline, as of profits, health, quality, etc. The price of shares in the tech giant took a tumble on Tuesday after it emerged that they had been manipulating sales figures over the last five years. My father has been doing remarkably well in his battle with cancer, but he has taken a tumble in the last few days.