用法学习: 1. a few sandwiches short of a picnic (for example: a few bricks shy of a load, a few cards shy of a full deck, etc.) A pejorative phrase meaning not very intelligent or of questionable mental capacity. It can appear in many different forms and variations. Exhibiting disquiet or unsoundness of mind; not sane; mad. can be used in a humorous way to refer to someone who is crazy or stupid. For example: John is one sandwich short of a picnic. He gave up a job in a big bank to live in a caravan. I think the lady down the road is a few sandwiches short of a picnic — you often hear strange bangings at odd hours in the morning. He says he's going to start a business selling bees as pets. I think he may be a few sandwiches short of a picnic. one brick short of a full load (slang) I. Not mentally sound; insane. I feel fine today, but that gentleman conversing with the house plant there may be one brick short of a full load. II. (idiomatic) stupid. You have to be one brick short of a full load to think that '7' is a letter in the alphabet. a few cards shy of a full deck (idiomatic) mentally deranged; demented; insane. That guy might be a few cards shy of a full deck — he thinks that substitute sugar is really a government tracking system. 2. have someone on 骗你, 看玩笑, 耍你 try to make someone believe something that is untrue, especially as a joke. "that's just too neat—you're having me on". If you are having someone on, you are pretending that something is true when it is not true, for example as a joke or in order to tease them. He’s having you on: don't take any notice of him. Malone's eyes widened. 'You're having me on, Liam.' turn on someone to suddenly attack someone violently Dan suddenly turned on her and yelled at her to be quiet. 3. be held up: to cause a delay for someone or something, or to make them late. to delay someone or something Sorry I'm late – I was held up at work. Sorry I'm late, but my train was held up. She got held up at work. Sorry, got held up 一时脱不开身, 被耽搁了, 有事走不开, 有事拖住了, 一时走不开. to make good time If you say that you made good time on a journey, you mean it did not take you very long compared to the length of time you expected it to take. if you make good time on a journey, you travel quickly, especially more quickly than you expected We made good time and were at the hotel by lunchtime. They had left early in the morning, on quiet roads, and made good time. to get there in plenty of time ( arrive in plenty of time ) 尽可能早到, 越早到越好, 提早到, 早点到, 到早点, 尽早到: a. The officials assured us the paperwork for the bike will be OK but I want to get there in plenty of time, just in case. b. I want to get there in plenty of time, Marie. Joe'll probably be as panicky as I was. He'll need me to calm him down and straighten his tie at the last minute. c. I'm just trying to get there as quickly as possible. My son has a BMX race in Nanaimo on 7/27 so I want to get there in plenty of time. d. I'm picking up a friend from the international airport tomorrow morning at around 8am. I've been doing some research and there is a car park there which can be used when picking up arriving passengers. However it says there is a 15 minute time limit. I'm certain I'm going to need to park for a lot more than 15 minutes as I want to get there in plenty of time. What are the best options for parking while I'm in the airport waiting for my friend to arrive? in good time [for] (make good time) 尽早的, 足够早的 If you arrive somewhere in good time, you arrive early so that there is time to spare before a particular event. We'll be at the airport in good time. If we're out, we always make sure we're home in good time for the programme. 4. counselor = counsellor [ˈkaʊnsələr] 知音大姐, 知音姐姐, 听你诉苦, 听你哭诉 (agony aunt/uncle) ( councillor = councilor [ˈkaʊnsələr] ) I. someone whose job is to give advice and help to people with problems. A counselor is a person whose job is to give advice to people who need it, especially advice on their personal problems. Children who have suffered like this should see a counselor experienced in bereavement. I'm not your counselor, I'm not your mother, I'm sorry to hear that. But it's not my business. Now listen up, I'm not your counselor, I'm not your father who held you back. When you were ready to move on. II. American someone who takes care of children at a summer camp. A counselor is a young person who supervises children at a summer camp. Hicks worked with children as a camp counselor. 5. cut and dried adj I. already decided and unlikely to be changed: We need a cut-and-dried 下定决心的, 已经决定了的 decision 最后决定 by the end of the week.
II. 简单直接, 不绕弯子兜圈子. 简洁明了. simple and easy to understand. If you say that a situation or
solution is cut and dried, you mean that it is clear and definite. Unfortunately,
things cannot be as cut and dried as many people would like. We are
aiming for guidelines, not cut-and-dried answers. Most fire investigations are pretty cut and dried, but this one has left more questions than answers. Usage notes: In formal usage, the form cut and dried is more common than cut and dry, and the meaning is rather "settled" than "clear", and mildly pejorative, following original usage and etymology. Sense of "clear, straightforward" may be influenced by clear cut, which may be preferred. fait accompli [ˌfeɪt əˈkɒmpli] 既成事实, 木已成舟, 生米煮成 (set in stone 板上钉钉, 不可更改) noun. a thing that has already happened or been decided before those affected hear about it, leaving them with no option but to accept it. "the results were presented to shareholders as a fait accompli" If something is a fait accompli, it has already been decided or done and cannot be changed. They became increasingly annoyed that they were being presented with a fait accompli. vehement [ˈviəmənt] 激烈的, 强烈的 adj involving extremely strong feelings or beliefs. a vehement protest/objection/denial. If a person or their actions or comments are vehement, the person has very strong feelings or opinions and expresses them forcefully. She suddenly became very vehement and agitated, jumping around and shouting. She is a vehement critic of government policy. She lowered her voice to a vehement whisper. He spoke more loudly and with more vehemence than he had intended. Krabbe has always vehemently denied stealing the car. I'm vehemently against any form of censorship. drag: verb. I. if time drags, it seems to pass very slowly, usually because you are bored. If a period of time or an event drags, it is very boring and seems to last a long time. The minutes dragged past. The pacing was uneven, and the early second act dragged. The first hour of the movie really dragged. Business is dragging. II. If you drag your foot or your leg behind you, you walk with great difficulty because your foot or leg is injured in some way. He was barely able to drag his poisoned leg behind him. He drags his leg, and he can hardly lift his arm. III. If the police drag a river or lake, they pull nets or hooks across the bottom of it in order to look for something. Yesterday police frogmen dragged a small pond on the Common. noun. I. If something is a drag on the development or progress of something, it slows it down or makes it more difficult. The satellite acts as a drag on the shuttle. Spending cuts will put a drag on growth. II. [informal, disapproval] If you say that something is a drag, you mean that it is unpleasant or very dull. As far as shopping for clothes goes, it's a drag. A dry sandwich is a drag to eat. III. [informal] If you take a drag on a cigarette or pipe that you are smoking, you take in air through it. He took a drag on his cigarette, and exhaled the smoke. IV. Drag is the resistance to the movement that is experienced by something that is moving through air or through a fluid. The drag of those extra air molecules brought the satellite crashing to Earth. 6. rectory [ˈrektəri] a house that the rector of a church lives in. rector [ˈrektər] I. a priest in an Anglican church, who in the past was paid directly by the people in his parish. II. education the person in charge in some schools, colleges, and universities. Antipsychotics 治疗精神错乱, 治疗精神病的药, also known as neuroleptics, are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychosis [saɪˈkoʊsɪs] 精神错乱 is mental illness of a severe kind which can make people lose contact with reality. a serious mental illness that affects your ability to know what is real and changes your personality and behavior. He may have some kind of neurosis or psychosis later in life. ...senile psychoses. psychotic [saɪˈkɑtɪk] 精神病的, 精神病患者 adj. someone who is psychotic behaves in a dangerous or violent way because they have a serious mental illness. a psychotic murderer. psychotic symptoms. noun. someone who is dangerous or violent because they have a serious mental illness. The man, who police believe is psychotic, is thought to be responsible for eight attacks. A religious psychotic in Las Vegas has killed four people. psycho [ˈsʌɪkəʊ] = psychopath [ˈsaɪkəˌpæθ] someone with a mental disorder that makes them behave in ways that can be dangerous to other people. Psychopaths are usually characterized as those who possess no empathy. A psychopath is someone who has serious mental problems and who may act in a violent way without feeling sorry for what they have done. She was abducted by a dangerous psychopath. a. informal someone who is often angry and aggressive and does not care if they hurt other people. I once worked with a complete psychopath called Jake. psychopathic [,saɪkoʊ'pæθɪk] Someone who is psychopathic is a psychopath. ...a report labelling him psychopathic. a psychopathic killer. psychopathic traits. sociopath [ˈsoʊʃioʊˌpæθ] someone whose personality makes them behave in ways that are dangerous to other people. Psychopath VS sociopath Psychopath and sociopath are often used interchangeably in common speech to describe a person who is pathologically prone to criminal or violent behavior and who lacks any regard for the feelings or interests of others and any feelings of remorse or guilt for his crimes. Psychopaths tend to be more manipulative, can be seen by others as more charming, lead a semblance of a normal life, and minimize risk in criminal activities. Sociopaths tend to be more erratic, rage-prone, and unable to lead as much of a normal life. bandana UK = US bandanna [ˌbænˈdænə] 头巾, 头饰 (颜色鲜艳的绑在头上的东西) a brightly coloured piece of cloth that is worn around the neck or head. He was wearing a bright yellow T-shirt and a bandanna around his neck. A kerchief (from the French couvre-chef, "head cover"), also known as a bandana or bandanna, is a triangular or square piece of cloth tied around the head or neck for protective or decorative purposes. The popularity of head kerchiefs may vary by culture or religion, and may vary among Orthodox Jewish and Christian, Catholic, Amish, and Muslim people. A bandana or bandanna is a type of large, usually colourful kerchief, originating from the Indian subcontinent, often worn on the head or around the neck of a person. It is considered to be a hat by some. Bandanas are frequently printed in a paisley pattern and are most often used to hold hair back, either as a fashionable head accessory, or for practical purposes. It is also used to tie around the neck to prevent sunburn, and around the mouth and nose to protect from dust inhalation or to hide the identity of its wearer. Bandanas originated in India as bright coloured handkerchiefs of silk and cotton with spots in white on coloured grounds, chiefly red and blue. The silk styles were made of the finest quality yarns, and were very popular. Bandana prints for clothing were first produced in Glasgow from cotton yarns, and are now made in many qualities. The term, at present, generally means a fabric in printed styles, whether silk, silk and cotton, or all cotton. Hanky Code: In the homosexual community, colored bandanas can be used in bars or social situations to to represent a person's sexual fetish or their relationship status. Striped colored bandanas symbolize a certain racial or ethnic preference, while color and pattern combinations can signify the wearer's willingness to perform a certain sexual act. The placement of the bandana also has meaning in terms of sexual preference. Popular in the 1970s among the gay community and still used today, the “hanky code,” as it is known, is also used by the mainstream community. Bandanas are often used to represent gang affiliation [əˌfɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n] 黑帮背景, 黑帮关系. The most popular bandana gang colors are red, blue, black, white, gray and yellow, and can be worn on the head or coming out of a right or left pant pocket, which also has gang significance. affiliation [əˌfɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n] 关系, 关联 connection with an organization, especially a political or religious one. Membership is open to anyone, regardless of religious affiliation. 7. frayed adj. I. 开边的. with fibers that are coming apart. (of fabrics or clothing) unravelling at the edges from damage or wear. He wore frayed jeans and cowboy shirts. 磨边的. II. if your nerves or temper are frayed, you are angry or nervous. (of temper, nerves, patience, etc) under great strain. Nerves became severely frayed when air traffic problems delayed the flight. Tempers had become frayed because the men had been working more than 20 hours without a break. Gracepoint 之于 Broadchurch: The plot meandered, David Tennant's American accent was uneven, and Anna Gunn was never as frayed or winning as Olivia Colman in the role of investigator Ellie Miller. winning adj. I. You can use winning to describe a person or thing that wins something such as a competition, game, or election. ...the leader of the winning party. Hill has never been on the winning side. Donovan scored the winning goal. a. used about something that someone does to win a race, competition, or prize. the winning goal/shot/point. Winning entries will be on display from tomorrow. II. You can use winning to describe actions or qualities that please other people and make them feel friendly towards you. used about things that make someone attractive or successful. a winning smile. The company's winning formula includes excellent service and reliable products. She gave him another of her winning smiles. He had much charm and a winning personality. Livingstone smiled again, winningly. fray I. if a rope or piece of cloth frays or is frayed, the fibers in it become loose and start to come apart. If something such as cloth or rope frays 脱线, 磨边, or if something frays it, its threads or fibres start to come apart from each other and spoil its appearance. The fabric is very fine or frays easily. The stitching had begun to fray at the edges. Her washing machine tends to fray edges on intricate designs. ...fraying edges in the stair carpet. He wore frayed jeans and cowboy shirts. The shirt cuffs are beginning to fray. II. if someone's nerves or their temper frays or is frayed, they start to get angry or nervous. If your nerves or your temper fray, or if something frays them, you become nervous or easily annoyed because of mental strain and anxiety. Tempers began to fray as the two teams failed to score. This kind of living was beginning to fray her nerves. Nerves became severely frayed when air traffic problems delayed the flight. fraying at/around the edges gradually being destroyed or becoming weaker. If you say that something is fraying at the edges or is fraying around the edges, you mean that it has an uncertain or unsteady quality, for example because it is gradually being spoiled or destroyed. There are signs that the alliance is now fraying at the edges. Their marriage is getting a little frayed around the edges. The champion, too, looked frayed at the edges. Support for the proposals was fraying at the edges. fray noun 角力, 角逐 The fray is an exciting or challenging activity, situation, or argument that you are involved in. There will have to be a second round of voting when new candidates can enter the fray. He would be inspiring young people to get into the political fray. 8. Spanish MasterChef contestant Saray's uncooked partridge ( [ˈpɑrtrɪdʒ] countable a fat brown bird that is hunted for sport and food. a. uncountable the meat from a partridge. Partridges are medium-sized non-migratory birds, with a wide native distribution throughout the Old World, including Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. These are medium-sized birds, intermediate between the larger pheasants 稚 and the smaller quail 鹌鹑 . cartridge [ˈkɑrtrɪdʒ] I. a small container with film or magnetic tape inside that you put into a camera or tape recorder. II. 弹匣 a small metal tube containing a bullet and a substance that will explode that you put inside a gun. III. 墨盒 a small container with ink inside that you put into a printer or pen. ) revenge dish served to judges: A Spanish MasterChef contestant has been sensationally booted off the show after offering an unplucked partridge in a revenge dish to the judges. MasterChef has the entire world hooked, but while the Aussie contestant are getting fans riled up over hibachi grills 炭火烧烤 ( teppanyaki 铁板烧, teriyaki ), Spanish contestant Saray has not been as productive with her prep time. In fact she spent little time cooking at all, serving a whole dead partridge completely raw. The 27-year-old social worker decided not to participate in the cooking challenge which involved having to prepare the bird from scratch in protest of the harsh critique she received from the judges in a previous challenge. She did, however, garnish 装点, 点缀, 装饰 the animal, with cherry tomatoes and spring onions.
Donald Trump Approval rating: There was also a braggadocious 吹嘘的 ( braggadocio 炫耀的, 吹嘘的 [ˌbræɡəˈdoʊʃioʊ] showing disapproval a proud way of talking about your achievements or possessions that annoys other people. braggadocious = boastful [ˌbræɡəˈdəʊʃəs] US informal ) tweet from Trump himself over the weekend. "96% Approval Rating in the Republican Party. Thank you! Also, just out, highest ever Approval Rating overall in the new Gallup Poll, and shows 'Trump beating Sleepy Joe Biden,'" he wrote. But you'll also find headlines about a precipitous drop 断崖式下跌 in approval of Trump's handling of the coronavirus pandemic — from the exact same poll. So what's really going on here? That depends on your goal. If you'd like to point and laugh 笑话, 嘲讽 at Trump, there are plenty of ways to slice this loaf 很多种角度去解释 ( sliced bread. the best/greatest thing since sliced bread A humorous and hyperbolic statement indicating one's belief that something is excellent, especially something new and innovative. These waterproof jeans are the best thing since sliced bread. I don't have to worry about getting soaked! wiki: Sliced bread is a loaf of bread that has been sliced with a machine and packaged for convenience. It was first sold in 1928, advertised as "the greatest forward step in the baking industry since bread was wrapped". This led to the popular idiom "greatest thing since sliced bread". ). Trump's approval on the coronavirus has indeed crashed by ten points since the last time Gallup polled the question, but he was at a remarkable 60 percent then. And while Trump is correct that his overall approval of 49 percent ties 拉平, 赶平 for the highest of his presidency, his net approval has slipped three points since March. If you wanted to be skeptical of both positions, you'd probably point out that a poll taken over the course of two weeks is a poor instrument 糟糕的指标, 不是一个好指标 to divine a snapshot of anything in a fast-moving news environment like the current one, and that polls showing net approval of Trump's coronavirus response since the end of March are distinct outliers. Trump's overall approval remains in a middle ground between his floor of 36 or so percent and the 48 percent that was enough to get him elected in the first place. Perhaps the most valuable to be learned from the Gallup poll is that there is a malleable ( [ mæliəbəl] adj. I. 没有主见的, 容易被说服的. 好说服的. a malleable person is easy to persuade or influence. If you say that someone is malleable, you mean that they are easily influenced or controlled by other people. She was young enough to be malleable. II. A substance that is malleable is soft and can easily be made into different shapes. Silver is the most malleable of all metals. ...using clay, plasticine or another malleable material. mallet [ˈmælət] I. a wooden hammer with a large piece of wood or rubber on the end. II. a long stick with a large piece of wood on the end, used for hitting the ball in croquet or polo. A mallet is a kind of hammer, often made of rubber or sometimes wood, that is smaller than a maul or beetle, and usually has a relatively large head. ) and forgiving middle of the electorate. Independent voters delivered Trump his highest approval rating to date among that group at 47 percent, an increase of four points from March. At the same time, their approval of his coronavirus response slid ten points from March that same March poll — to 50 percent. As always, public opinion 民意 is a complicated issue that doesn't get any simpler when the world seems to be on fire. But that's when it becomes more important than ever to contextualize results like these, rather than sensationalize them.
Absinthe [ˈæbsɪnθ, -sæ̃θ] 苦艾酒 is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage (45–74% ABV / 90–148 U.S. proof). It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from botanicals (adj Botanical books, research, and activities relate to the scientific study of plants. The area is of great botanical interest. ...botanical gardens. noun. Botanicals are drugs which are made from plants. The most effective new botanicals are extracts from cola nut and marine algae.), including the flowers and leaves of Artemisia absinthium ("grand wormwood"), together with green anise 大茴香 ( Cumin ([ˈkʌmɪn] [ˈkjuːmɪn] or US: [ˈkuːmɪn] 孜然 ) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to southwestern Asia including the Middle East. Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the cuisines of many cultures in both whole and ground form. Although cumin is thought to have uses in traditional medicine, there is no high-quality evidence that it is safe or effective as a therapeutic agent. ), sweet fennel [ˈfen(ə)l] 小茴香 ( Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant species in the carrot family. It is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It is a highly aromatic and flavorful herb used in cookery and, along with the similar-tasting anise, is one of the primary ingredients of absinthe. Florence fennel or finocchio (UK: [fɪˈnɒkioʊ], US: [-ˈnoʊk-] ) is a selection with a swollen, bulb-like stem base that is used as a vegetable. ), and other medicinal and culinary herbs. Absinthe traditionally has a natural green color but may also be colorless. It is commonly referred to in historical literature as la fée verte ("the green fairy"). It is sometimes mistakenly referred to as a liqueur 甜酒(加了风味的酒), but it is not traditionally bottled with added sugar and is, therefore, classified as a spirit. Absinthe is traditionally bottled at a high level of alcohol by volume, but it is normally diluted with water before being consumed. Spirit Vs. Liquor – What's In A Name? Nobody goes to a spirits store. When we want hard alcohol, we go to a liquor store (liquor = spirt). Where they sell spirits. Aka liquor. Which shouldn't be confused with liqueur [lɪˈkɜr]…Right? Alcohol terminology can get confusing. Thankfully, for our purposes, and most purposes in the selling and consumption of fermented, distilled beverages, "spirits" and "liquor" are the same thing: a hard (the hardest) alcohol product made by distillation, often clocking in around the 40% ABV mark, possibly flavored but always unsweetened—the stuff of good sipping, hearty toasting, and ill-conceived drinking contests. But what about liqueur? That one's pretty easy, too. Liqueur is made from liquor; it's sweetened, often flavored (think almondy Amaretto or chocolatey Crème de Cacao), and generally lower proof 酒的度数 ( proof noun. I. Proof is a fact, argument, or piece of evidence which shows that something is definitely true or definitely exists. I would need to bring in something with my French address on it as proof of residence. [+ of] This is not necessarily proof that he is wrong. Economists have been concerned with establishing proofs for their arguments. II. In publishing, the proofs of a book, magazine, or article are a first copy of it that is printed so that mistakes can be corrected before more copies are printed and published. I'm correcting the proofs 校勘本 of the Spanish edition right now. ...an uncorrected proof copy of the book. adj. I. Proof is used after a number of degrees or a percentage, when indicating the strength of a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky. ...a glass of Wild Turkey bourbon: 101 degrees proof. II. If something or someone is proof against a particular thing, they cannot be damaged, harmed, or affected by it. The fortress was proof against the techniques of attack then in use. His papers were proof against all but the most expert of scrutinies. living proof 活生生的例子, 活着的证据, 活着的证明 If you say that someone is living proof of something 活证据, you mean that their actions or personal qualities show that a particular fact is true or that a particular quality exists. He is living proof that some players just get better with age. burden of proof The burden of proof is the task of proving that you are correct, for example when you have accused someone of a crime. The burden of proof is on the prosecution. the proof of the pudding is in the eating 没实践就没有发言权, 好不好吃吃了才知道, 好不好使试了才知道 If you say the proof of the pudding or the proof of the pudding is in the eating, you mean that something new can only be judged to be good or bad after it has been tried or used. ). And just as spirits is the same thing as liquor, a liqueur is basically the same as a cordial. If someone offers you a cordial, usually after dinner, maybe even as dessert, expect a sweet, flavored alcoholic beverage served in small quantities. (In Europe, a "cordial" may refer to something sweet that's alcohol free.) But is this cordial a digestif 助消化酒 or an aperitif 开胃酒? Or a digestive or apertivo? Don't worry! Even when French and Italian terms come into play, it's all still pretty simple. In this case it isn't so much about the contents of the drink as the timing: the terms digestif/digestivo and aperitif/apertivo refer to kinds of alcoholic beverages that are drunk as either a way to stimulate the appetite (aperitif) or as a way to begin the metabolic unwinding process after a meal (digestif). Different things can be drunk as aperitifs and digestifs, but usually it'll be a liqueur, an Amaro (bitter liqueurs), brandy, or fortified wine. One more term to note—bitters. While liquors and liqueurs can all be consumed by themselves (as digestifs or apertifs or as simple drinks, no meal required), bitters are an ingredient, used primarily in cocktails (though they can also be used, and were originally innovated, for medicinal purposes). Bitters are a non-potable product made with a spirits base and characterized by intense flavoring. As the name suggests, bitters can be bitter, but they can also be bright and citrusy, spicy, herbal, smoky, etc. And because of their strong flavoring, bitters 苦精 are used the way you might use cloves or thyme—like a seasoning, in small doses, a way to finish and flavor a recipe. So yes—spirits terminology can get confusing, but there's a common ingredient running throughout (liquor, the base of all of it) and a few fairly simple relationships at play. Here's a simple breakdown: Liquor/Spirit: an alcoholic product that's made from a grain- or fruit/vegetable-derived sugar that's fermented and distilled, yielding a lower water content and higher ABV. Liqueur: made from liquor, sweetened and often flavored. Apertif/Apertivo: a lower ABV beverage traditionally taken before a meal, flavored in a variety of ways but usually lighter and drier in flavor profile to stimulate the appetite. Digestif/Digestivo: a lower ABV beverage traditionally taken after a meal, often flavored with herbs and spices known to aid digestion. Bitters: A heavily flavored, low ABV product used as a kind of seasoning/spicing ingredient in cocktails. Potable Bitters: Another name given to bitter liqueurs, aka "bitter amaros," which are traditionally drunk as digestifs. Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as ABV, abv, or alc/vol) 国际通用酒度数 is a standard measure of how much alcohol (ethanol) is contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a volume percent). It is defined as the number of millilitres (mL) of pure ethanol present in 100 mL (3.4 fl. oz) of solution at 20 °C (68 °F). The number of millilitres of pure ethanol is the mass of the ethanol divided by its density at 20 °C, which is 0.78924 g/mL (105.3 fl oz/gallon). The ABV standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures. Another way of specifying the amount of alcohol content is alcohol proof, which in the United States is twice the alcohol-by-volume (ABV) number. This may lead to confusion over similar products bought in varying regions that have different names on country specific labels. For example, Stroh rum that is 80% ABV is advertised and labeled as Stroh 80 when sold in Europe, but is named Stroh 160 when sold in the United States. In the United Kingdom proof is 1.75 times the number (expressed as a percentage). For example, 40% abv is 80 proof in the US and 70 proof in the UK. However, since 1980, alcohol proof in the UK has been replaced by ABV as a measure of alcohol content, avoiding confusion between the UK and US proof standards.
