用法学习: 1. operative [ɒpərətɪv] I. 好用. 可以用. Functional, in working order. A system or service that is operative is working or having an effect. The commercial telephone service was no longer operative. II. An operative is a worker, especially one who does work with their hands. In an automated car plant there is not a human operative to be seen. III. An operative is someone who works for a government agency such as the intelligence service. [mainly US] Naturally the CIA wants to protect its operatives. adj. I. 足量的. 够量的. Producing the appropriate or designed effect; efficacious. an operative dose, rule, or penalty. purvey [pərˈveɪ] to provide information, ideas, or products. purvey something to someone: These writers purveyed an important message to the people. purveyor I. a person who sells or deals in particular goods. A purveyor of goods or services is a person or company that provides them. ...purveyors of gourmet foods. "a purveyor of large luxury vehicles". II. a person or group who spreads or promotes an idea, view, etc. "a purveyor of traditional Christian values".
presumptive 想当然的 VS presumptuous 斗胆地 VS presumably 让我猜的话: 1. presumably [prɪˈzuməbli] used for saying that you think something is true based on what you know, although you are not really certain. Presumably, the tweets of verified accounts were disabled to prevent more posts linked to the scam. They are students, so presumably 让我猜的话 they won't have a lot of money. Two sales executives are quitting this week, presumably to get higher paid jobs elsewhere. presumptive 想都不想就觉得的, 以己推人的, 想当然的, 武断的, 妄下结论的, 无端下结论的 [pri'zʌmptiv] based on presumption or probability. Environment Minister Greg Hunt said he was feeling comfortable but taking nothing for granted with his portfolio. "Optimistic but never to be presumptive," Mr Hunt told ABC local radio. "I am actually very, very comfortable with circumstances because what we see is that the fundamental policy 基础政策 has been embraced拥护." Defence Minister Kevin Andrews is pushing to remain in his job. "I think that continuity 延续性 at the moment is quite important
in this instance," he said as he confirmed Australia has conducted its
first air strike in Syria. Finance Minister Mathias Cormann has called on colleagues to rally round Mr Turnbull. Now to confirm as I don't want to make presumptions that you are available tomorrow for the date, right? Extremely presumptive
of you to think that I would be doing anything to attract the
attention of her? I think you're being extremely presumptive there. Good people don't stay in government employ for long? I beg to differ. presumptive [prɪˈzʌmptɪv] 武断的, 斗胆而猜的
I. believed to be true because it seems reasonable or likely. Based on
presumption, probability, conjecture, hypothesis or belief. By late May, he was already considered his party's presumptive nominee. II. making presumptions; behaving as one who presumes, who assumes that which they perhaps shouldn't. Forgive me for being presumptive乱猜, but aren't you and Mark engaged?
Environment Minister Greg Hunt said he was feeling comfortable but
taking nothing for granted with his portfolio. "Optimistic but never to
be presumptive," Mr Hunt told ABC local radio. heir presumptive (不出意外应该是的继承人, 会因为新人的出生而被推后的) (usually monarchy) Someone who will inherit only if no better choice for an heir is born. heir apparent (usually monarchy) Someone who will definitely inherit if surviving the one whose property is to be inherited. 2. presumptuous [prɪˈzʌmptjuəs] 过分的, 越权的, 自以为是的, 擅自决定的, 擅自做主的, 斗胆而为的, 僭越的
[disapproval] If you describe someone or their behaviour as presumptuous, you
disapprove of them because they are doing something that they have no
right or authority to do. showing too much confidence and not enough
respect. If you describe someone or their behaviour as presumptuous, you disapprove of them because they are doing something that they have no right or authority to do. It would be presumptuous to judge what the outcome will be. It would be presumptuous of me to decide what she wants. It would be presumptuous to judge what the outcome will be. 3. given 自然应当的事情, 理所应当的事情, 想当然的事情, 公理, 公认事实: a basic fact that you accept as the truth. It is a given that most animals will protect their young. take something as a given to accept that something is true and not expect it to change. We've taken it as a given that our public schools are no good. take something as a given (they are givens 那是自然的, 那还用问) 既定事实, 必然的事情, 不容置疑的事, 想当然的, 当做真理, 不变的事实, 公理 to accept that something is true and not expect it to change. to regard or accept (something) as true or real. I think we can take their support as given. I think we can take (it) as given that they will support us. We've taken it as a given that our members are honest. Wild animals are given to 想当然就是要, 生来就是, 天生就是来 pack assaults and killings. known fact 公认的事实, 公理 something that is generally recognized as a fact. That grass is green is a known fact. It is a known fact that John was in Chicago on the night of the murder. 4. as a matter of course 自以为是的, 想都不想的, 问都不问的, 想当然的事, 自然而然的事
normally; as a normal procedure. if something happens as a matter of
course, it happens without people thinking about whether they want it or
not I don't think the Welsh language
should be taught in schools as a matter of course - if students want to
learn it, that's their choice. The nurse takes your temperature as a matter of course. You are expected to make your own bed as a matter of course.
mete out VS dish out VS dole out: peter out 式微. 势衰 to gradually become smaller, less, weaker etc and then come to an end. to gradually stop or disappear: The
strike seemed to be petering out. The fighting which started in the
night had petered out by morning. The track petered out after a mile or
so. mete out [mit] (一般指不好的事情) 百般算计地奉上, 精心计算后得给予 to give a punishment to someone. To mete out a punishment means to order that someone should be punished in a certain way. to give or order a punishment or make someone receive cruel or unfair treatment: In the past, schoolteachers regularly meted out physical punishment to their pupils. This provided an illustrative example of how justice was meted out to the local population at the time. The same treatment should be meted out to politicians who break the rules. vocabulary: To mete out is to distribute, the way you mete out scoops of ice cream one at a time, to make sure all your friends end up with the same amount. When you take your dog out on a leash, you probably mete out her treats (不一下子给完) 均餐, 少量多餐, 一点点的给, 分食, 均匀的给, 分成小份给 making them last for the whole walk(graze [greɪz] I. When animals graze or are grazed 放牧, they eat the grass or other plants that are growing in a particular place. You can also say that a field is grazed by animals. Five cows graze serenely around a massive oak. The hills have been grazed by sheep because they were too steep to be ploughed. Several horses grazed the meadowland. ...a large herd of grazing animals. II. If you graze a part of your body, you injure your skin by scraping against something. I had grazed my knees a little. ...grazed arms and legs. a. A graze is a small wound caused by scraping against something. III. 擦伤. 划伤. If something grazes another thing, it touches that thing lightly as it passes by. A bullet had grazed his arm. Wright managed a shot but it grazed the near post and rolled harmlessly across the goal. IV. 不停的吃零食. 不吃正餐. to eat snacks throughout the day rather than formal meals. to eat small amounts of food regularly instead of eating meals. To eat periodically throughout the day, rather than at fixed mealtimes. V. 偷吃. To shoplift by consuming food or drink items before reaching the checkout. ). Another way to mete something out is to administer a disciplinary measure or justice: "The gym teacher tended to mete out punishment by making everyone do pushups." This phrase comes from mete, "to allot," from a root meaning "to measure out" or "to take appropriate measures." If you "mete out" something (the word is usually followed by "out"), it means you dish it out in very careful measured amounts. Anyone who metes out their love probably isn't someone you want to have a relationship with. Another word often used interchangeably with mete is dole, though there are slight differences in meaning: dole suggests a more lavish, unthinking form of activity than the more stingy and controlled mete, and while some nice things (like compassion or love) can be "doled out," it's very rare that anything pleasant or happy is "meted out." dole out 慷慨赐予, 大方地给 to give something, such as food or money, to a particular group of people or to every person in a group. The government has agreed to dole out an additional $5 million in education grants. dish out informal to give things to a number of people Some doctors are dishing out drugs their patients do not need. a. If you dish out something, you distribute it among a number of people. Doctors, not pharmacists, are responsible for dishing out drugs 分发. The council wants to dish the money out to specific projects. b. If someone dishes out criticism or punishment, they give it to someone. Linzi is well qualified to dish out advice. c. If someone dishes it out to you 全盘奉上, they strongly criticize or punish you. He's a big man and he's prepared to dish it out if he has to. d. If you dish out food 端出, 奉上, you serve it to people at the beginning of each course of a meal. Here in the dining hall the cooks dish out chicken à la king. dish the dirt to tell people what you know about someone, especially things that could damage their reputation. dish (sth) up to make or serve a meal. If you dish up food, you serve it. They dished up a superb meal. I'll dish up and you can grate the Parmesan. Come to the table everybody - I'm ready to dish (supper) up. What's the canteen dishing up for us today?
Even for a US President who makes a habit of 成习惯的, 习惯性的 framing reality 编造事实 ( frame I. informal to make someone seem guilty of a crime when they are not, for example by lying to the police or by producing false evidence. If someone frames an innocent person, they make other people think that that person is guilty of a crime, by lying or inventing evidence. I need to find out who tried to frame me. He claimed that he had been framed by the police. II. to express something carefully in a particular way. If someone frames something in a particular style or kind of language 表达, 措辞, they express it in that way. The story is framed in a format that is part thriller, part love story. He framed this question three different ways in search of an answer. The judge instructed him to frame the question differently. III. to develop or make up something such as a plan or law. Many people were involved in framing these proposals. If someone frames 制定 (devise) something such as a set of rules, a plan, or a system, they create and develop it. After the war, a convention was set up to frame a constitution. IV. If an object is framed by a particular thing, it is surrounded by that thing in a way that makes the object more striking or attractive to look at.The swimming pool is framed by tropical gardens. An elegant occasional table is framed in the window. devise [dɪˈvaɪz] (means, mechanism, method, plan, strategy, system, way) to invent a method of doing something. If you devise a plan, system, or machine, you have the idea for it and design it. We devised a scheme to help him. New long-range objectives must be devised. They've devised a plan to allow students to study part-time. fringe to form a line around the edge of something. noun. I. The fringe or the fringes of an activity or organization are its less important, least typical, or most extreme parts, rather than its main and central part. The party remained on the fringe of the political scene until last year. a. Fringe groups or events are less important or popular than other related groups or events. The monarchists are a small fringe group who quarrel fiercely among themselves. ...the numerous fringe meetings held during the party conference. II. To be on the fringe or the fringes of a place means to be on the outside edge of it, or to be in one of the parts that are farthest from its centre. ...black townships located on the fringes of the city. They lived together in a mixed household on the fringe of a campus. ) to fit his political priorities, Trump's comments on Thursday were stunning, and in the circumstances, callous. But there were also flickering 微弱的, 闪闪的 signs of anxiety in Trump's bravado. Texas, Florida and Arizona -- Republican-run states that most aggressively embraced [ɪmˈbreɪs] 全面拥护, 完全拥护, 接纳 ( I. to completely accept something such as a new belief, idea, or way of life. If you embrace a change, political system, or idea, you accept it and start supporting it or believing in it. He embraces the new information age. The new rules have been embraced by government watchdog organizations. Most countries have enthusiastically embraced the concept of high-speed railroads. a. to accept and include something The scope of foreign policy expanded to embrace areas previously considered unimportant. II. intransitive/transitive 环抱. 相拥. to put your arms around someone in order to show love or friendship. If you embrace someone, you put your arms around them and hold them tightly, usually in order to show your love or affection for them. You can also say that two people embrace. Penelope came forward and embraced her sister. At first people were sort of crying for joy and embracing each other. He threw his arms round her and they embraced passionately. ...a young couple locked in an embrace. III. 涵盖. 包含, 包括. If something embraces a group of people, things, or ideas, it includes them in a larger group or category. to accept and include something. The scope of foreign policy expanded to embrace areas previously considered unimportant. ...a theory that would embrace the whole field of human endeavour. endorse 公开支持 I. to express support for someone or something, especially in public. All endorsed the treaty as critically important for achieving peace. If you endorse someone or something, you say publicly that you support or approve of them. I can endorse their opinion wholeheartedly. ...policies agreed by the Labour Party and endorsed by the electorate. a. if someone famous endorses a product, they say in advertisements that they like it. II. to write your name on the back of a check or official document to make it legal. When you endorse a cheque, you write your name on the back of it so that it can be paid into someone's bank account. The payee of the cheque must endorse the cheque. III. If someone's driving licence is endorsed, an official record is made on it that they have been found guilty of a driving offence. For failing to report the accident, his licence was endorsed. He also had his licence endorsed with eight penalty points. ) Trump's impatient demands to get the economy open again -- are heading into what one expert warned is a viral threat that is approaching "apocalyptic" levels. None of this will stop Trump from heading to Mount Rushmore on Friday to bracket himself 相提并论 alongside ( 同列. 并列 If two or more people or things are bracketed together, they are considered to be similar or related in some way. Small businesses are being bracketed together as high risk, regardless of their business plans and previous histories. Austrian wine styles are often bracketed with those of northern Germany. ) the carved likenesses of four of America's greatest Presidents for an early Independence Day celebration that will ignore his own government's social distancing guidelines. Then Trump will return to Washington to watch the federal government's July 4 fireworks spectacular that is going ahead, even though it could draw thousands of people into downtown and imperil the city's fragile resurgence ( imperil [ɪmˈperəl] to put someone or something in danger. ) from its coronavirus nightmare. That's why Trump's hyperbolic 夸张的 and misleading embrace 照单全收 of encouraging unemployment figures on Thursday -- he could barely wait an hour after their release before materializing 出现, 现身 ( I. 实现. 变现. to happen or to become real. If a possible or expected event does not materialize, it does not happen. Problems were expected, but they never materialized. The money we had been promised failed to materialize. A rebellion by radicals failed to materialize. None of the anticipated difficulties materialized. The predicted increase in nursing jobs never materialized. II. 突然出现. to appear suddenly and unexpectedly. If a person or thing materializes, they suddenly appear, after they have been invisible or in another place. Adoring crowds materialized wherever she went. Tamsin materialized at her side, notebook at the ready. A moment or two later champagne in an ice-bucket materialized beside them. When you materialize, you show up suddenly after being missing, unborn, or unseen. Think of Harry Potter removing his invisibility cloak. He materializes 现身, 现原形, 恢复原形. Living things aren't the only things that materialize. Car keys and reading glasses materialize 突然现身 when you've been searching for them for a while and then they are suddenly there on the table. If you're lucky an unexpected business deal will materialize. Like material, the word is related to the Latin word meaning "matter." Matter, is, of course, all the stuff of this earth, anything and everything that takes form. So to materialize is to take form. ) for a boastful 用来夸耀的, soliloquy 自白, 独白 ( [səˈlɪləkwi] a speech in a play in which a character who is alone talks about their thoughts or feelings. A soliloquy is a speech in a play in which an actor or actress speaks to himself or herself and to the audience, rather than to another actor. ) in the White House briefing room -- seems so off key (tone-deaf) and selective 避重就轻的. The President's desperation to tout some good news after so many grim weeks of controversy mostly served to exemplify the depth of his own political plight against a backdrop of what seems like an never-ending fight against the virus. The White House's victory lap -- when nearly 130,000 Americans are dead in a pandemic Trump initially ignored, then mismanaged, then ignored again -- exemplifies 例证, 用实例证明 its perverse insistence to concentrate only on the economic pain caused by the national crisis rather than infections that are rising dramatically. While everyone can be encouraged that the jobless rate surprisingly slipped to 11.1% in June, the news of rising cases and cities under siege that Trump dismissed could make Thursday's data a false dawn 空欢喜一场, 竹篮打水一场空( a situation in which you think that something good will happen, but it does not. a situation in which you think that something is finally going to improve but it does not. National elections are scheduled for next year, but this country has seen many false dawns before. Is it really heading for democracy and peace this time? ). Bars, restaurants and shops are closing again across the country -- including in California, which is facing a prolonged disaster -- in a way that could again surge job losses and stifle 扼杀 the rebound which Trump is willing to inflate beyond any connection with reality to boost his reelection hopes. In what are becoming daily examples of a dereliction ( [ˌderəˈlɪkʃən] 疏于照料 I. the bad condition of something that has not been taken care of. If a building or a piece of land is in a state of dereliction, it is deserted or abandoned. The previous owners had rescued the building from dereliction. II. the shameful failure to fulfil one's obligations. "the prosecution team were guilty of dereliction of duty for failing to disclose evidence" Dereliction of duty 没恪尽职守, 渎职, 玩忽职守 generally refers to a failure to conform to rules of one's job, which will vary by tasks involved. It is a failure or refusal to perform assigned duties in a satisfactory manner. Dereliction of duty is a specific offense under United States Code Title 10, Section 892, Article 92 and applies to all branches of the US military. A service member 在役军人 who is derelict has willfully refused to perform his duties (or follow a given order) or has incapacitated himself in such a way that he cannot perform his duties. Such incapacitation includes the person falling asleep while on duty requiring wakefulness, his getting drunk or otherwise intoxicated and consequently being unable to perform his duties, shooting himself and thus being unable to perform any duty, or his vacating his post contrary to regulations 擅离职守. ) of duty, the President massively misrepresented the state 程度 of the pandemic. "The crisis is being handled. ... Some areas that were very hard-hit are now doing very well. Some were doing very well, and we thought they may be gone and they flare up 重新冒头, and we're putting out the fires," he said. Fauci, banished to UK radio, even as US media outlets press the White House for him to speak to Americans, directly contradicted 对着干 Trump. "In the United States, even in the most strict lockdowns, only about 50% of the country locked down -- that allowed for 放任, 放纵 the perpetuation of the outbreak, which we never did get under very good control," Fauci told BBC Radio 4's flagship "Today" program. Another top government health official, Adm. Dr. Brett Giroir, blew a hole 拆穿 (catch someone out ) in another one of Trump's falsehoods -- the claim that cases are only going up because the US is doing more coronavirus testing.
waggle VS wriggle VS wiggle VS wobble: waggle If you waggle something, or if something waggles, it moves up and down or from side to side with short quick movements. to move up and down or from side to side with short quick movements, or to make something move that way Roger waggled his eyebrows suggestively. He was waggling his toes in his socks. ...puppet animals with eyes that move and ears that waggle. Three billboards: She sits in the dental chair and points to her mandible: 'I don't know what it is. It feels like it is kind'a waggling 牙齿松动(loose tooth)'. Without a look at the oral cavity, the dentist concludes: 'Well if it is waggling, it's gonna have to come out'. Mildred asks whether the dentist should not have a look at it first. The dentist glances at her mouth and repeats that the tooth has to come out. When he starts his drill, Mildred asks: 'Can I get a little novocaine there, doc?' The dentist applies infiltration anaesthesia and says 'Give it a couple of minutes' and takes a look at his watch. After some time, the dentist grabs his drill again. While the drill approaches Mildred, he tells her that the Chief of Police has a lot of friends who are not very pleased with her actions. wiggle to make short quick movements from side to side, or to move something in this way. If you wiggle something or if it wiggles, it moves up and down or from side to side in small quick movements. She wiggled her finger. His ears wiggled if you scratched his chin. Your baby will try to shuffle or wiggle along the floor. ...a wiggle of the hips. Stop wiggling your foot. When your kid's baby teeth start wiggling, don't lose your cool. Brush up on the latest advice from dentists. wiggle-waggle adj indecisive, vacillating has gone wiggle-waggle and cannot be persuaded to be categorical. wriggle 扭动身体, 蠕动 I. to move, or to make something move, by twisting or turning quickly. If you wriggle or wriggle part of your body, you twist and turn with quick movements, for example because you are uncomfortable. The babies are wriggling on their tummies. They were fidgeting and wriggling in their seats. She pulled off her shoes and stockings and wriggled her toes. ...wriggling worms. He desperately tried to wriggle out of his shorts. II. If you wriggle somewhere, for example through a small gap, you move there by twisting and turning your body. He clutched the child tightly as she again tried to wriggle free. Bauman wriggled into the damp coverall. wriggle out of (doing) something to avoid doing something by making excuses. Don't try and wriggle out of doing your homework. wobble I. intransitive/transitive to rock slightly from side to side, or to make something do this. If something or someone wobbles, they make small movements from side to side, for example because they are unsteady. The table wobbled when I leaned on it. Just then, Bart returned, wobbling on his skates. I narrowly missed a cyclist who wobbled into my path. He placed one hand heavily on a fragile, wobbling table. We might look for a tiny wobble in the position of a star. I wouldn't sit on that chair – it wobbles. a. intransitive to go somewhere while moving from side to side as if you are going to fall. Bill's out of hospital and wobbling around on crutches. II. intransitive to lose confidence about doing something. If a person or government wobbles, they suddenly appear less secure or less sure about something. The coach began to wobble when some of his team selections provoked much baffled comment. Even a small wobble will hurt the banks. U.S. resolve appeared to wobble yesterday. a wobbling economy. III. intransitive if your voice wobbles, it goes up and down, usually because you are frightened or not confident, or you are trying not to cry. wiggle (vi & vt) VS waggle (vt): To wiggle, is to move quickly and irregularly from side to side. The dog wiggled his tail 摇尾巴 from side to side. "The girl's dance was simply wiggling, without moving her feet or head - very difficult!" "The snake was wiggling down the road." "The jelly was wiggling on the plate as he carried it." To waggle, is to shake while in motion. The car waggled 摇摇晃晃的 to a stop. The ball waggled 蹦蹦跳跳的 across the rocks and then dropped off the cliff into the ocean. The dictionary also includes a definition specific to golf. A waggle is the movement of the club over the ball before the golfer takes his swing. My tooth is waggling. You waggle an arm or a leg, or a flag. It is mostly a back-and-forth or up-and-down motion, almost two-dimensional.
