用法学习: 1. crow [krəʊ] I. [informal, disapproval] If you say that someone is crowing about something they have achieved or are pleased about, you disapprove of them because they keep telling people proudly about it. Edwards is already crowing about his assured victory. We've seen them all crowing that the movement is dead. II. If someone crows, they make happy sounds or say something happily. She was crowing with delight 'I'm not sure I've ever driven a better lap,' crowed a delighted Irvine. III. When a cock crows, it makes a loud sound, often early in the morning. The cock crows 鸡鸣, 雄鸡鸣叫 and the dawn chorus begins. eat crow 被逼认错, 无奈认错 American informal to admit that you were wrong about something. to be forced to do something humiliating. humiliation by admitting having been proven wrong after taking a strong position. The crow is a carrion-eater that is presumably 想来应该是 repulsive 恶心的 to eat in the same way that being proven wrong might be emotionally hard to swallow. eat humble pie to behave or be forced to behave humbly; be humiliated. to admit that you were wrong: After boasting that his company could outperform the industry's best, he's been forced to eat humble pie. To eat humble pie, in common usage, is to face humiliation and subsequently apologize for a serious mistake. Humble pie, or umble pie, is also a term for a variety of pastries based on medieval meat pies. crow's feet wrinkles in the skin at the corners of your eyes. crow's nest a place near the top of a ship’s mast where a sailor stands to look out over the sea. as the crow flies If you say that a place is a particular distance away as the crow flies, you mean that it is that distance away measured in a straight line. It was 150 miles inland from Boston as the crow flies. 2. subsidize [ˈsʌbsɪˌdaɪz] 补助, 补贴 I. support (an organization or activity) financially. If a government subsidizes an industry, they provide money so that the industry can continue. The government continues to subsidize the production of eggs. ...a government decision to subsidise coal mining. ...Scotland's subsidised theatre. ...the subsidization of agriculture. "the mining industry continues to be subsidized". II. pay part of the cost of producing (something) to keep the selling price low. If a government or other authority subsidizes something, they pay part of the cost of it. Around the world, governments have subsidized the housing of middle and upper-income groups. At the moment they are existing on pensions that are subsidised by the government. ...heavily subsidized prices for housing, bread, and meat. ...the subsidising of alternative energy sources. ...the federal government's subsidisation of poorer parts of the country. "the government subsidizes basic goods including sugar, petroleum, and wheat". subsidy [ˈsʌbsədi] an amount of money that the government or another organization pays to help to reduce the cost of a product or service. The government pays subsidies to farmers to produce particular crops. a housing subsidy. subsidiary [səbˈsɪdɪəri] 附属公司, 子公司 noun. a company that is owned by a larger company. A subsidiary or a subsidiary company is a company which is part of a larger and more important company. Offshore banks are often formed as a subsidiary of an international bank. a subsidiary of General Motors. UBank is an Australian direct bank, that operates as a division of National Australia Bank. adj. related to something else but less important than it. If something is subsidiary, it is less important than something else with which it is connected. The economics ministry has increasingly played a subsidiary role to the finance ministry. one of his subsidiary 次要的 objectives. subside [səbˈsaɪd] I. If a feeling or noise subsides 减轻, 减弱, it becomes less strong or loud. The pain had subsided during the night. Catherine's sobs finally subsided. II. If fighting subsides, it becomes less intense or general. Violence has subsided following two days of riots. III. If the ground or a building is subsiding 下沉, it is very slowly sinking to a lower level. Does that mean the whole house is subsiding? IV. If a level of water, especially flood water, subsides, it goes down. Local officials say the flood waters have subsided 退去, 退潮. 3. frou-frou adj. & noun. decorative pieces added to women's clothing: a frou-frou gown/skirt. a. a rustling especially of a woman's skirts. b. showy or frilly ornamentation. rustling [ˈrʌslɪŋ] I. 窸窸窣窣的. 揉纸的声音. the sound that papers or leaves make, for example when the wind blows on them. II. the crime of stealing farm animals such as sheep, cows, or horses. Rustling is the activity of stealing farm animals, especially cattle. ...cattle rustling and horse stealing. rustle verb. When something thin and dry rustles or when you rustle it, it makes soft sounds as it moves. The leaves rustled in the wind. She rustled 揉弄 her papers impatiently. A snake rustled through the dry grass. She sat perfectly still, without even a rustle of her frilled petticoats. ...a rustling sound coming from beneath one of the seats. ...the rustlings of women's dresses. rustle up I. If you rustle up something to eat or drink, you make or prepare it quickly, with very little planning. Let's see if somebody can rustle up a cup of coffee. Many tasty and nutritious meals can be rustled up in next to no time. II. If you rustle something up, you provide or obtain it quickly, with very little planning. He managed to rustle up a couple of blankets. He has had no trouble rustling up 35 friends and colleagues to invite to his wedding. 4. toey I. 澳洲俚语. nervous, anxious, (of a person) nervous or anxious. 坐立不安的. Agitated, anticipatory, excited (sometimes specifically sexually so), nervous. II. (of a person) eager for sexual activity; aroused. petty gripe 小不满, 小抱怨. 4. Howard: Leonard, I may have gotten you a job. Leonard: I have a job. Sheldon: Yes, he does. He caters to my every whim. Howard: No, in a couple of weeks, Stephen Hawking's team is sending an expedition to the North Sea to test hydrodynamic simulations of black holes. One of their experimental physicists dropped out, and I recommended you. Leonard: Well, do you really think I have a shot? Howard: Yeah, I've worked with Hawking. I talked you up. He knows your research. I think this could happen. 5. Life isn't always sunshine and butterflies/rainbows 生活不只是诗意和美酒 Happy, positive things (sometimes with a connotation of unrealistic expectations). fork-tongued adj given to prevarication. prevaricate [prɪˈverɪˌkeɪt] to avoid saying or doing something because you want to cause a delay or hide the truth. If you prevaricate, you avoid giving a direct answer or making a firm decision. British ministers continued to prevaricate. After months of prevarication, the political decision had at last been made. forked tongue = speak with a forked tongue 满口谎话的, 谎话连篇的 to tell lies or say one thing and mean something else. To speak with a forked tongue means to tell lies, to not be truthful, to be deceptive. To speak with a forked tongue may be interpreted as saying one thing but meaning another. It is an insult to tell someone that he is speaking with a forked tongue, as it is the same as calling someone a liar. Almost all authorities believe that the metaphor of a forked tongue refers to the forked tongue of a snake. disingenuous [ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenjuəs] 不诚恳的, 不诚实的, 谎话连篇的, 不可信的 not really honest or sincere, and only pretending to be. Someone who is disingenuous is slightly dishonest and insincere in what they say. not candid or sincere, typically by pretending that one knows less about something than one really does. "he was being somewhat disingenuous as well as cynical". It would be disingenuous to claim that this is great art. He disingenuously remarked that he knew nothing about strategy. vocabulary: Use the adjective disingenuous to describe behavior that's not totally honest or sincere. It's disingenuous when people pretend to know less about something than they really do. Disingenuous combines dis-, meaning "not," with ingenuous (from the Latin gen-, meaning "born") which was originally used to distinguish free-born Romans from slaves, and later came to mean honest or straightforward. So disingenuous means dishonest. Ingenuous is less common now than disingenuous, but we still use it for someone who is sincere to the point of naiveté. A good synonym is insincere. ingenious [ɪnˈdʒiniəs] 发明天分的, 妙绝天下的, 绝妙好主意的 I. an ingenious plan, piece of equipment, etc. uses new and clever ideas. an ingenious device for opening bottles. Something that is ingenious is very clever and involves new ideas, methods, or equipment. ...a truly ingenious invention. Gautier's solution to the puzzle is ingenious. The roof has been ingeniously designed to provide solar heating. II. someone who is ingenious is good at inventing things and solving problems in new ways. de-stress [diːˈstrɛs] 解压, 放松 relax after a period of work or tension. If you de-stress or if something de-stresses you, you do something that helps you to relax. I make sure I make time for fishing because it's how I de-stress. All of these help relax and de-stress you from the rigors of daily life. "others come simply to de-stress and to enjoy the exercise and relaxation classes". 6. subby = subbie I. A person who is lower in position or rank; a subordinate. II. A person who is marginalized and oppressed by the dominant culture, especially in a colonial context. II. (colloquial) A subcontractor. He worked as a subbie in the construction industry. IV. (BDSM, slang) A submissive. short for submissive. eager to please his/her Master. prevenient [prɪˈviːnɪənt] 早期的 adj. preceding in time or order; antecedent. "the prevenient eighteenth century justice system". coming before; anticipating or preceding. One of the most prevenient signs of abuse is when your abuser threatens to hurt himself if you don't stay with them. Yes, you can say it's self-harm, but it's also manipulation to make your partner feel bad for you and stay. Prevenient grace (or enabling grace) Prevenient grace is a phrase used to describe the grace given by God that precedes the act of a sinner exercising saving faith in Jesus Christ. It is a Christian theological concept rooted in Arminian theology, though it appeared earlier in Catholic theologies. It is divine grace that precedes human decision. In other words, God will start showing love to that individual at a certain point in his lifetime. Prevenient grace is embraced primarily by Arminian Christians who are influenced by the theology of Jacob Arminius or John Wesley. Wesleyan Arminians believe that grace enables, but does not ensure, personal acceptance of the gift of salvation. Wesley typically referred to it in 18th-century language as prevenient grace. In current English, the phrase preceding grace would have a similar meaning. 7. inclusive 包容性的 dolls (dolly 儿语fordoll). inclusive I. If a price is inclusive, it includes all the charges connected with the goods or services offered. If a price is inclusive of postage and packing, it includes the charge for this. ...all prices are inclusive of delivery. ...an inclusive price of £32.90. ...a special introductory offer of £5,995 fully inclusive. II. After stating the first and last item in a set of things, you can add inclusive to make it clear that the items stated are included in the set. Training will commence on 5 October, running from Tuesday to Saturday inclusive. ...£10 for senior citizens and children (5 to 16 inclusive) 闭区间的. III. If you describe a group or organization as inclusive, you mean that it allows all kinds of people to belong to it, rather than just one kind of person. The academy is far more inclusive 包容的 now than it used to be. all-inclusive 全部包括的, 全包的 adj All-inclusive is used to indicate that a price, especially the price of a holiday, includes all the charges and all the services offered. An all-inclusive two-week holiday costs around £2880 per person. disillusioned [dɪsɪˈluːʒ(ə)nd] 幻想破灭的, 大失所望的 disappointed in someone or something that one discovers to be less good than one had believed. disappointed because you have discovered that someone or something is not as good as you had believed. If you are disillusioned with something, you are disappointed, because it is not as good as you had expected or thought. I've become very disillusioned with politics. He had become disillusioned because he could not find a job. Disillusioned teachers are leaving the profession in large numbers. disillusioned with: Voters are very disillusioned with the democratic process. "the minority groups were completely disillusioned with the party".
Former Labor MP Kate Ellis leads group of female politicians lifting lid on 'toxic workplace culture' in Parliament House: It was a cause for celebration when 30-year-old Kate Ellis was appointed as the youngest Australian to ever become a federal minister. But within 18 months things had turned ugly and her career was on the line. In November 2009 she found herself in the "ridiculous" position of telling a national newspaper editor, "I promise I've never even kissed him," as she pleaded for her political life. "I still cringe when I think how pathetic it was that I was begging," she says. She says weaponised gossip in Parliament House and a rumour that she and her female chief of staff were both having a sexual relationship with a male adviser in their office "was everywhere". A major newspaper was going to print the story that the alleged love triangle was "destabilising" the government. If published, she knew it would be career ending. "I would be labelled as a slut and as someone who isn't really up for the job," Ms Ellis tells Australian Story. Not only was there "zero" truth to the rumour, Ms Ellis also says the inside knowledge of the workings of her office meant the story could only have originated from within her own party. "The only reason was to undermine me," she says. The pleas worked and the newspaper editor agreed not to publish, but there was no cause for celebration knowing: "Someone was actively fabricating a story to make sure that it looked like I was some flippant 轻佻的 floozy 荡妇 ( [ˈfluzi] an insulting word for a woman who likes to attract men and have sex. If someone refers to a woman as a floozy, they disapprove of her because she has many casual sexual relationships. ) who wasn't really serious about the job that I'd been promoted to do." During her tenure as a minister, Ms Ellis was credited with introducing national quality standards for childcare and finalising the national plan to end violence against women and children. But she says throughout her career she and her female colleagues faced harassment, sexual slurs and destructive gossip designed to stop them being politically effective. Now they've had enough. It wasn't until Ms Ellis left politics in 2019 that she realised how "toxic" the culture in Parliament House had been. "It's really strange how when you leave the parliament and re-enter normal life that you slowly start to realise how the rest of the world operates," she says. "Things that I used to accept were part of the job are really not OK.". She decided to reach out to other women — MPs and staffers across the political spectrum 政界 — to compare notes, and what came to light "would horrify the public". The stories tell a tale of systemic inequality, sexism, casual misogyny and sexual harassment. "Focus on physical appearance is much greater for women, focus on their private lives, issues around motherhood, slut-shaming, personal attacks, rumours and gossip used to undermine women in a way men don't have to face to the same extent in parliament," Ms Ellis says. "It makes it harder for you to actually focus on doing your job. There's this casual misogyny that shows up in a whole range of ways. "People are rewarded in politics for bad behaviour. If you undermine someone, then you're more likely to be promoted." Ms Ellis says constant derogatory comments interfered with her ability to do her job. Ms Ellis was 27 when she was first elected to parliament in the 2004 federal election. In 2007 she eclipsed Paul Keating's achievement, becoming the youngest Australian government minister when then-prime minister Kevin Rudd appointed her minister for youth and minister for sport. "I know that would have put a lot of noses out of joint ( put someone's nose out of joint 惹到, 惹怒 to do something that will annoy someone. to offend or upset someone, especially by getting something that that person wanted for himself or herself: John's nose was really put out of joint when Jane was promoted and he wasn't. She put his nose out of joint because she didn't consult him. ) and so it's probably no surprise that there were people who wanted to undermine 搞垮 me," Ms Ellis says. "We just had this great election result which meant that we had a backbench brimming with people with ambition. "You can only get promoted when there's a vacancy and some people might think it helps to hurry along those vacancies." Over the course of her 15 years in parliament, she would take on the ministries of early childhood education, sport and the status of women, among others. She says she never spoke to other women about the sexism she was facing. "You don't want to have a focus on, 'Hey, do you know who thinks I'm a stupid bimbo( bimbo [bɪmboʊ] 胸大无脑的人, 花瓶 [informal, disapproval] If someone calls a young woman a bimbo, they think that she is pretty but not very intelligent. This use could cause offence.)? Who thinks I've slept with half the parliament? Do you know who is spreading rumours that I was caught naked in the prayer room?'" she says. But gendered stereotyping and gibes were a constant throughout her political life, beginning from day one. When she first came to politics, Ellis says most of the MPs were men, most of the senior staff were men, and all of the factional powerbrokers were men. "I remember being a young staff member and being hit on by MPs," she says. "That wasn't uncommon." "But I know of much worse stories. It's been 10 years since Tony Abbott was photographed in front of anti-Julia Gillard protest signs which read "Ditch the Witch" and "Juliar Bob Brown's bitch". "It defies belief that Mr Abbott didn't know what he was doing when he stood in front of that sign," Ms Gago said. "It also defies belief that two Liberal women MPs were associated with this disgraceful attack on the Prime Minister and all women. "If Tony Abbott has any self respect he will apologise." Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young was appalled by the treatment of Ms Gillard but was herself caught in the crossfire of sexual slurs and sledging ( I. the activity of travelling across snow on a sledge Our hill is marvellous for sledging and we always have snow in January. Let's go sledging. noun. the insulting of an opposing player in order to upset his or her concentration. sledge (chiefly cricket, Australia) To verbally insult or abuse an opponent in order to distract them (considered unsportsmanlike). ). "It's like you can't win either way. There's no nice balance. Some days you're a bimbo and other days you're a bitch," she says. Ms Ellis's Australian Story coincides with a wave of discontent about the treatment of women in politics, triggered by former Liberal staffer Brittany Higgins, who alleges she was raped by a colleague inside then-defence industry minister Linda Reynolds's office two years ago. Prime Minister Scott Morrison has apologised to her for how the matter was handled, and announced a series of inquiries into the adequacy of support measures for women in the building, as well as how to improve the broader culture. Once the former staffer broke her silence, stories of abuse and bad behaviour started pouring out of the national capital. Perhaps the most shocking surfaced last week when a federal Liberal staffer was sacked for allegedly masturbating on a female MP's desk. "We are collectively a disappointment to the people in Australia, and that's appalling," she says. "Things that I would never have imagined would have gone on in this building are now being played out in national media." Changing an entrenched and destructive culture in a workplace where women are still a significant minority isn't simple. But Ms Ellis believes silence is no longer an option. "I've long said that no boys' club has ever voluntarily dismantled themselves. That's just not going to happen," Ms Ellis says. "But women are standing up, we're going to call it out and we're going to demand change. And I want to be a part of that." When she started writing her book six months ago, Ms Ellis says she thought it would be "controversial to suggest there might be cultural issues" within Parliament House. "I now share the sense of rage that women across Australia have," she said in a recent tweet. Here are the stories of current and former female politicians, in their own words. A shoulders-up portrait of Sarah Hanson-Young with hair in bun, serious expression. "Parliament is there for the people, it shouldn't be a protection racket for the boys' club." I ran in the 2007 election. I was 25 at the time and had an 18-month-old baby on my hip. I was shocked at the aggression in the parliament itself. I was genuinely confronted by the deep tribalism 派系 in that building. I've had names of men that it was rumoured that I slept with whispered to me as they walk past me in the chamber, as we're sitting down to vote. All those things that are designed as mind warfare 精神战争 ( 攻心战术 Psychological warfare ). I became anxious of standing on my feet, particularly in Question Time. I entered parliament relatively late in life. I was in my 50s and I had behind me a career in the legal and corporate sector. I was immediately struck by the fact that it reminded me of when I first entered the workforce in the late 80s in terms of its attitudes to women. It is very much an environment that is frozen in time. When I announced I wasn't going to recontest, I also called out the entrenched anti-women culture. It reached peak toxicity and I thought, 'I'm going to exit. And if I'm going to exit this place it is going to be on my terms.' I wasn't going to limp out 狼狈退出( limp I. If a person or animal limps, they walk with difficulty or in an uneven way because one of their legs or feet is hurt. I wasn't badly hurt, but I injured my thigh and had to limp. He had to limp off with a leg injury. A stiff knee following surgery forced her to walk with a limp. II. If you say that something such as an organization, process, or vehicle limps along 一瘸一拐的跟着, you mean that it continues slowly or with difficulty, for example because it has been weakened or damaged. In recent years the newspaper had been limping along on limited resources. A British battleship, which had been damaged severely in the battle of Crete, came limping into Pearl Harbor. adj. I. If you describe something as limp, you mean that it is soft or weak when it should be firm or strong. She was told to reject applicants with limp 软弱无力的 handshakes. A residue can build up on the hair shaft, leaving the hair limp and dull looking. Flags and bunting hung limply in the still, warm air. II. If someone is limp, their body has no strength and is not moving, for example because they are asleep or unconscious. He carried her limp body into the room and laid her on the bed. He hit his head against a rock and went limp. ). That was just the beginning of a three-month period of reprisals, retribution, abuse. It's very adversarial. There is a lot of constant low-level stuff — you just put up with it day after day.
Road rash (abrasion, scrape, gravel rash (UK), grazing, grazes, a scraped knee or grazed elbow.) 擦伤: road rash grazing of the skin as a result of falling off a bicycle, skateboard, etc, onto a hard surface. An abrasion on some area of one's skin resulting from falling off of a non-enclosed vehicle (such as a bicycle, motorcycle, skateboard, etc.) and onto the pavement. an injury from contact with the ground, as in motorcycling or biking. Shane picked up a bit of road rash when she fell off her bike. A: "I just ended up with a bit of road rash on my arm." B: "You're lucky you didn't get killed! Next time, you wear your helmet on that bike, do you hear me?" My motorcycle slipped on some gravel and I went skidding on my back about 100 feet down the road. I got such bad road rash that I had to get a skin graft! Grazing your knee, is an expression derived from the traditional act of "going down on one knee." The position was adopted in western cultures by a man presenting an engagement ring during a proposal of marriage. Even today, this custom remains very strong. Road rash (Ginny & Georgia: Any update? He's OK. He's home now. He's…got a concussion, some road rash. Could have been way worse. concussion 脑震荡: If you suffer concussion after a blow to your head, you lose consciousness or feel sick or confused. Nicky was rushed to hospital with concussion. She fell off a horse and suffered a concussion. ) is type of friction burn or skin abrasion that occurs when you scrape your skin against something rough. Sometimes, these injuries are called raspberries or strawberries. Whatever you want to call them, they can be painful but are commonly treated at home. Road rash is a colloquial term for skin injury caused by abrasion with road surfaces, often as a consequence of cycling and motorcycling accidents. It may also result from running, inline skating, roller skating, skateboarding, and longboarding accidents. The term may be applied to both a fresh injury and also to the scar tissue left by an old injury. Symptoms may include pain and heavy bleeding. Motorcyclists can reduce the risks of road rash by wearing appropriate motorcycle personal protective equipment such as a full face helmet, protective clothing, gloves, dusters and boots. Similarly, inline skaters can reduce their chance of such abrasion injuries by wearing protective knee and elbow pads. Road rash is often termed 'gravel rash' in the United Kingdom. 伤口处理步骤: Rinse the grazed body part with sterile 消毒水 or fresh water( sterile [ˈsterəl] I. (Distilled water 蒸馏水) completely clean, with no bacteria. Something that is sterile is completely clean and free from germs. He always made sure that any cuts were protected by sterile dressings. Urine is sterile. ...the antiseptic sterility of the hospital. Make sure that the needles are sterile. II. 不育症的. 不能生的 ( barren [archaic], infertile ) someone who is sterile is not able to produce children. A person or animal that is sterile is unable to have or produce babies. George was sterile....a sterile male. This disease causes sterility in both males and females. He was sterile due to a childhood illness. III. a sterile room or environment lacks color, is not very interesting or comfortable, and is very clean. her sterile little office in the city. A sterile situation [disapproval] is lacking in energy and new ideas. Too much time has been wasted in sterile debate. ...the sterility of Dorothea's life in industry. a. a sterile life is not very interesting and lacks fun and enjoyment. b. a sterile argument or discussion does not contain any interesting new ideas. They wasted months in sterile legal debate. IV. land that is sterile cannot have any crops grown on it. ). Most grazed elbows or knees won't have debris in the wound that can't be removed with rinsing, however, if increased water pressure does not remove the debris, remove it with clean, sterile tweezers. Disinfect the graze using an antiseptic. If you are using an alcohol-based solution, this part may sting, so if you're helping a child, warn them that they will feel uncomfortable for a moment, but that it will not last long. Allow them to hold onto you while you apply disinfectant over the minor cut or abrasion, or dab at 擦 it gently with an alcohol soaked sterile cotton pad 消毒棉球, 无菌棉. Another option is to use mundicare® Antiseptic Gel, Spray or 100% Pure Oil to clean the wound. It won't sting, and uses natural Melelaleuca Oil as an antiseptic to help reduce the risk of infection. Use an appropriate, breathable wound dressing for a cut or scrape and change it when it becomes soaked through or is uncomfortable. Children are extremely prone to abrasions, which you may know simply as "grazes." You'll see it on their elbows or knees after a fall on gravel, cement, or even on the forest floor. These grazes are superficial damage to the knee and look a lot like typical rug burn, but may gently bleed and sting, causing some discomfort. While a grazed knee or elbow is usually not severe in nature, it's still uncomfortable for you or your loved ones. Generally, a scraped knee or grazed elbow will take a week or so to heal, maybe 2 to 3 weeks if it is more severe. Visit your health care professional if your wound doesn't seem to be healing correctly, if there is a lack of scab formation, no change in the wound's size, or continued bleeding from the site. These may be signs of a more serious underlying issue that delays wound healing. Redness around the wound site, streaking red lines beneath the skin, a temperature above 37°C, swelling, and foul-smelling exudate ( exudative adj. relating to any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation. It can be a pus-like or clear fluid. exudative inflammation. exudation I. the act of exuding or oozing out. II. Also called: exudate [ˈɛksjʊˌdeɪt] a fluid with a high content of protein in a body cavity. ) or pus may all indicate wound infection 伤口感染 and will need treatment from a medical professional. If the wound begins bleeding profusely or has high-pressured bleeding, it should be dealt with at an emergency care facility immediately. A doctor's visit should be made if you are regularly bleeding through your bandage in less than eight hours. As with all of these signs and symptoms of improper wound healing, delayed treatment can be serious and can cause worsening systems, the need for emergency surgery, or worse. Don't neglect your health care. If you're unsure about your wound's healing, its exudate or pus, seek medical treatment.
幽会, 野合(tryst, dalliance), 密会, 私会 (assignation): 1. dalliance [ˈdalɪəns] 野合, 幽会 I. a casual romantic or sexual relationship. a short sexual relationship, especially one involving people who are married to other people. "Jack was not averse to an occasional dalliance with a pretty girl". II. a period of brief or casual involvement with something. an interest or involvement in an activity or belief that only lasts for a very short period: The 1970s witnessed the first of the pop star's dalliances with communism. "Berkeley was my last dalliance with the education system". dally with sb = dally with sb's affections to be romantically or sexually involved with someone, usually for a short time, without really loving that person: It's cruel the way she just dallies with his affections. dally with sth to consider or imagine an idea, subject, or plan, but not in a serious way: He had occasionally dallied with the idea of starting his own business, but he had never actually done anything about it. 用例1: Your lips had a dalliance 幽会 with the lips of another woman. It seems only logical that to restore balance to the relationship, you should find another man and dally 磨磨唧唧, 磨磨蹭蹭 ( I. If you dally, you act or move very slowly, wasting time. The bureaucrats dallied too long. He did not dally over the choice of a partner. dilly-dally. verb. To go or move slowly so that progress is hindered: dally, dawdle, delay, drag, lag, linger, loiter, poke, procrastinate, tarry, trail. Idioms: drag one's feet, mark time, take one's time. II. 幽会. If someone dallies with you, they have a romantic, but not serious, relationship with you. In the past he had dallied with lots of attractive women. mark time 磨洋工 pass one's time in routine activities until a more interesting opportunity presents itself. "we're all just marking time, waiting for Wednesday". ) with him. 用例2: Amy: I should let you know that she asked for details about our dalliance 幽会( [ˈdæliəns] I. old-fashioned a short sexual relationship, especially one involving people who are married to other people. II. formal a short period of time when someone is involved or interested in something but not in a serious way. ). Sheldon: Interesting. So it went beyond the mere fact of coitus to a blow by blow, as it were. 2. Now, were these assignations [ˌæsɪɡˈneɪʃ(ə)n] (幽会. 密会. 私会. Usage notes:
Modern usage confines the word to mean an agreed-upon place for illicit
sex, but earlier usage is broader, and considerably more innocent. tryst [trɪst]. a secret meeting with someone, especially someone you are having a sexual or romantic relationship with. ) with amber madison? Were they in hotel rooms? vocabulary: An assignation is a secret meeting. You might have an assignation with your new girlfriend if the two of you were keeping your relationship private. Any kind of clandestine meeting can be called an assignation, but it most often describes a romantic tryst. Every encounter between the two main characters in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" is an assignation, since their families don't approve of their relationship. The word assignation meant "appointment by authority" in the 14th century, from the Latin assignationem, "an assigning or allotment," with the "meeting by arrangement" meaning arising in the late 17th century.
乱局, 乱象, 混乱, 骚乱 ( debacle, bedlam, pandemonium, mayhem, chaos, scourge, upheaval, mayhem, havoc, sabotage, atrocity; upheaval = turmoil , kerfuffle = commotion. furore = uproar. clamor/calamity [kəˈlæməti] = mayhem (chaos) = hurly-burly. outcry. frenzy. shambles = shemozzle = shenanigans, scrimmage, outcry, frenzy, Chinese fire drill, rumpus = ruckus, uprise, fracas, melee, snafu): 1. bedlam [ˈbedləm] 乱局, 乱象, 乱成一团, 乱成一锅粥, 混乱 (精神病院似的) 乱了套 乱成一锅粥, 乱糟糟的, 乱成一团的, 一团乱的 a noisy and confusing place or situation. Bedlam means a great deal of noise and disorder. People often say 'It was bedlam' to mean 'There was bedlam'. The crowd went absolutely mad. It was bedlam. He is causing bedlam at the hotel. There was complete bedlam as everyone rushed for the stores. vocabulary: Bedlam is a scene of madness, chaos or great confusion. If you allow football fans onto the field after the big game, it will be pure bedlam. The term bedlam comes from the name of a hospital in London, "Saint Mary of Bethlehem," which was devoted to treating the mentally ill in the 1400s. Over time, the pronunciation of "Bethlehem" morphed into bedlam and the term came to be applied to any situation where pandemonium prevails. The trading floor at the New York Stock Exchange appears to be bedlam, but the traders insist it's organized chaos 乱中有序. vocabulary: Chaos is a state of extreme confusion and disorder. Putting a dozen dogs and a dozen cats in the same room would probably lead to utter chaos. The word chaos derives from a Greek word meaning "chasm" or "void," which makes sense, given that chaos also refers to the formless state of matter before the cosmos 混沌状态 was created. In math and science, chaos describes a system that will develop in wildly different ways with only tiny changes to the initial conditions. 2. pandemonium [ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm] 一团糟, 一团乱, 混乱不堪, 吵吵闹闹, 打闹等导致的混乱
a situation in which there is a lot of noise and confusion because
people are excited, angry, or frightened. If there is pandemonium in a
place, the people there are behaving in a very noisy and uncontrolled
way. There was pandemonium in court as the judge gave his summing up. Pandemonium broke out as they ran into the street shouting. Pandemonium reigned in the hall as the unbelievable election results were read out. the pandemonium of the school playground. vocabulary: Pandemonium is chaos, total and utter craziness — like the stampede after your team won the championship, when everyone spilled onto the field at once, bouncing off each other.
If you look carefully at the word pandemonium, you'll see the word
demon inside it. This makes sense, since the word pandemonium was coined
in Milton's Paradise Lost, where it was the name of the palace built in
the middle of Hell. Milton wrote back in the 17th century. Nowadays,
pandemonium crops up whenever journalists are describing a chaotic
scene. High school students have been heard to use it to describe their
lunchroom. 3. AstraZenaca 疫苗: "I don't think they ever had any intention to be a vaccine company," Andrew Berens, a pharmaceuticals analyst at SVB Leerink, said. "I think that the reason they embarked on this — and they've been pretty apparent 直言不讳 about it — is they wanted to help humanity and fight the scourge of COVID." Almost immediately, however, problems started cropping up ( crop up 冒出来 (come up, pop up): If something crops up, it appears or happens, usually unexpectedly. His name has cropped up at every selection meeting this season. Problems will crop up and hit you before you are ready. a. to happen suddenly or unexpectedly. Ben had to go back to work – a problem's cropped up. b. if a name or subject crops up, someone mentions it. Alice's name keeps cropping up 被提起 in our conversations.). Before
AstraZeneca's shot received emergency use approval, the company faced
questions about data from large-scale trials presented in November. scourge [skɜrdʒ] I. formal 大灾难. 大混乱. something
that causes a lot of trouble or harm. A scourge is something that
causes a lot of trouble or suffering to a group of people. Union chiefs demanded more urgent action to stop the scourge of unemployment. There have been great advances in treatments for global scourges such as cancer and Aids. the effort to keep the scourge of drugs off our streets. II. a whip used in the past to punish people. III. formal someone in a position of power who criticizes people severely. verb. I. to whip someone. II. formal
to cause a lot of trouble or harm to people. If something scourges a
place or group of people, it causes great pain and suffering to people. Economic anarchy scourged 重创 the post-war world. New York Times:
"There is another kind of violence, slower but just as deadly,
destructive as the shot or the bomb in the night," Robert F. Kennedy
said in 1968 shortly before his assassination. "This is the violence of institutions; indifference and inaction and slow decay [dɪˈkeɪ]. This is the violence that afflicts the poor, that poisons relations between men because their skin has different colors. This is a slow destruction of a child by hunger,
and schools without books and homes without heat. "Racism is nothing
short of a public health crisis," Michelle A. Williams, the dean of the
Harvard School of Public Health, told me. "That reality is palpable 现实触手可及 not just in the scourge of police violence that disproportionately kills black Americans, but in the vestiges of slavery and segregation ( vestige [ˈvestɪdʒ] noun. I. countable
残渣余孽. a very small sign of something that has almost disappeared or
stopped existing. A vestige of something is a very small part that still
remains of something that was once much larger or more important. We represent the last vestige of what made this nation great–hard work. vestige of 残雪, 余雪: vestiges of snow melting in the sun. Their goal is to increase the pace of change, and wipe out the remaining vestiges of apartheid. II. singular a very small amount of a feeling or quality. vestige of: As the judge's sentence was read out, West showed no vestige of emotion. 4. havoc [ˈhævək 口语里有时发音为 'hævik ] 就像hammock有时发为 'hæmik. 而标准读音是 ˈhæmək I. N-UNCOUNT 大破坏;大毁坏;大混乱 Havoc is great disorder, and confusion. Rioters caused havoc in the centre of the town.
II. PHRASE 给…造成混乱 If one thing plays havoc withanother or wreaks
havoc on it, it prevents it from continuing or functioning as normal, or
damages it. The weather played havoc with airline schedules. cry havoc 下抢劫. wreak havoc 肆虐 to wreak vengeance 报复. play havoc with 造成了大破坏. 万劫不复. Play hardball 不留情面, 毫不留情. Play hooky 逃学. a situation in which there is a lot of damage or destruction, or in
which something cannot continue in its normal way because of problems. cause/create havoc: Winter storms continued to cause havoc for drivers. play havoc with something (=cause a lot of problems): The strike played havoc with the train schedules. wreak havoc/destruction mainly journalism to cause very great harm or damage. These policies would wreak havoc on the economy. wreak revenge/vengeance mainly literary to punish someone for something bad that they have done to you. He was determined to wreak revenge on her. havoc [ˈhævək] 被破坏的结果
a situation in which there is a lot of damage or destruction, or in
which something cannot continue in its normal way because of problems. Havoc is great disorder, and confusion. Rioters caused havoc in the centre of the town. cause/create havoc: Winter storms continued to cause havoc for drivers. play havoc with something
(=cause a lot of problems): If one thing plays havoc with another or
wreaks havoc on it, it prevents it from continuing or functioning as
normal, or damages it. Time-zone
changes play havoc with our bodies. The weather played havoc with
airline schedules. Stress can wreak havoc on the immune system. The strike played havoc with the train schedules. wreak havoc/destruction to cause very great harm or damage These policies would wreak havoc on the economy. wreak revenge/vengeance to punish someone for something bad that they have done to you. 5. sabotage [ˈsæbətɑ:ʒ] I. 故意破坏. 故意损毁. 毁坏. deliberate damage that is done to the property of an enemy or opponent. Was the explosion an act of sabotage? II. things that are done to stop someone from achieving something or to prevent a plan or process from being successful. verb. I. to deliberately damage or destroy the property of an enemy or opponent. A group of environmentalists were caught sabotaging the logging equipment. II.
搞破坏. to deliberately stop someone from achieving something, or to
deliberately prevent a plan or process from being successful. Miller used the information to sabotage Gardner's presidential campaign. mayhem [ˈmeɪhem] a very confused situation. It was absolute mayhem on the first day of the sales. wreaks mayhem 犯下重伤罪. market mayhem 市场危机. The weapons used in that mayhem暴力活动 and subsequent clashes were largely confined to hatchets, sticks cudgels, knives, needles, toothpicks and pins. political mayhem政治迫害He is accused of leading the country to economic collapse , political mayhem and social chaos. Certainly, the current crop这一茬 of communist leaders recognizes the danger of rural unrest农村暴乱 sparking political mayhem政治骚乱, especially when cellphones and the Internet can connect citizens with the click of a button. 6. upheaval [ʌpˈhiv(ə)l] 动荡
a sudden or violent change, especially one that affects people's lives.
An upheaval is a big change which causes a lot of trouble, confusion,
and worry. Wherever there is political upheaval, invariably there are refugees. Having a baby will mean the greatest upheaval in your life. There have been massive upheavals in the telecommunications industry. political/social/economic upheaval Marge's been going through a period of emotional upheaval. vocabulary Upheaval means a violent or sudden change. You might talk about an upheaval in government following an election where many incumbents are replaced.
Upheaval is a geological term for the upward displacement of the
earth's crust that has stretched to include a change in power or ideas. If you suddenly found out your favorite teacher was running a pyramid scheme and had escaped to a Caribbean island, you might experience an upheaval 彻底改观 in your attitude toward teachers in general. upheaval [ʌpˈhi:v(ə)l] 变动, 动荡. a sudden or violent change, especially one that affects people's lives. Maya's been going through a period of emotional upheaval. political/social/economic upheaval. There have been massive upheavals in the telecommunications industry. The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France from 1789 to 1799 that profoundly affected French and modern history, marking the decline of powerful monarchies and churches and the rise of democracy and nationalism. Popular resentment 不满 of the privileges 特权 enjoyed (English voters grow resentful of Scotland's 'special privileges. ) by the clergy and aristocracy grew during a financial crisis following two expensive wars and years of bad harvests. Demands for change were formulated in terms of Enlightenment ideals and caused the convocation of the Estates-General in May 1789. 7. shambolic [ʃæmˈbɒlɪk] 混乱的. 组织混乱的. very badly organized. very disorganized the government's shambolic efforts to deal with the crisis. shambles [ˈʃæmb(ə)lz] 乱作一团, 乱成一锅粥 I. informal treated as singular A state of total disorder. If a place, event, or situation is a shambles or is in a shambles, everything is in disorder. The ship's interior was an utter shambles. The economy is in a shambles. my career was in a shambles 事业一片乱套 糟糕, 乱作一团. II. treated as singular A butcher's slaughterhouse (archaic except in place names). the shambles where the animals were slaughtered. shemozzle = schemozzle [ʃi'mozəl] 混乱的状态, 搅成一锅粥的状态 n. Informal
I. A state of chaos or confusion; a muddle. a noisy confusion or
dispute; uproar. 乱作一团, 完全失败. a noisy confusion or dispute; uproar. a
mess. A state of chaos or confusion; a muddle. II. A quarrel or rumpus. bamboozle [bæmbuːzəl] verb. To bamboozle someone means to confuse and often trick them. He bamboozled Mercer into defeat. He was bamboozled by con men. 8. turmoil [ˈtɜrˌmɔɪl] 动荡不安 Turmoil is a state of confusion, disorder, uncertainty, or great anxiety. a state of excitement or uncontrolled activity Her life seemed to be in turmoil. ...the political turmoil 局势动荡 of 1989. Her life was in turmoil. Your mind is in such a turmoil you do not know what you are saying. 9. commotion (disorder) 骚动 A commotion is a lot of noise, confusion, and excitement. He heard a commotion outside. Sounds of voices and commotion could be heard downstairs now. 10. kerfuffle [kərˈfʌf(ə)l] 乱哄哄的场面, 骚乱
a lot of talk, activity, or worry about something that is not
important. A kerfuffle is a lot of argument, noisy activity, or fuss. There was a bit of a kerfuffle during the race when a dog impeded the leading runners. 11. furore [fjʊˈrɔːri] = furor [ˈfjʊrɒr] a lot of anger, excitement, or activity. A furore is a very angry or excited reaction by people to something. The disclosure has already caused a furore among MPs. ...an international furore over the plan. The bill is certain to spark a furor among conservatives. 12. uproar [ˈʌpˌrɔr] 场面混乱, 骚乱, 混乱不堪
noun. I. angry public criticism of something. You can also use uproar to
refer to a lot of public criticism and debate about something that has
made people angry. The town is in uproar over the dispute. The surprise announcement could cause an uproar in the United States. Mr. Stone's latest movie has caused an uproar. be in an uproar about/over something: The whole country is in an uproar over the recent assassination attempt.
II. a lot of very loud noise, made especially by people shouting. If
there is uproar, there is a lot of shouting and noise because people are
very angry or upset about something. The announcement caused uproar in the crowd. The courtroom was in an uproar. After the verdict, the whole courtroom was in an uproar. uprising 起义, 打仗, 对打, 混战
When there is an uprising, a group of people start fighting against the
people who are in power in their country, because they want to bring
about a political change. ...a popular uprising against the authoritarian government. Isolated attacks in the north-east of the country have now turned into a full-scale uprising. 13. clamor = clamour [ˈklæmər] 闹哄哄
I. a very loud noise made by a lot of people or things. Clamour is used
to describe the loud noise of a large group of people talking or
shouting together. Kathryn's quiet voice stilled the clamour. She could hear a clamour in the road outside. We suddenly heard a terrible clamor in the next room. I couldn't hear anything above the clamor 嘈杂, 吵吵闹闹 , 人声鼎沸 of the crowd. II. urgent requests from a lot of people who want something to change or happen. clamor for 吵吵嚷嚷: There is a growing clamor 吵闹声 for the labeling of genetically modified foods. If people are clamouring for something, they are demanding it in a noisy or angry way. ...competing
parties clamouring for the attention of the voter. At breakfast next
morning my two grandsons were clamouring to go swimming. ...the clamour
for his resignation. calamity [kəˈlæməti] I. an event that causes serious damage, or causes a lot of people to suffer, for example a flood or fire. A calamity is an event that causes a great deal of damage, destruction, or personal distress. He described drugs as the greatest calamity of the age. ...the calamity 乱局, 战乱 of war. It could only end in calamity. II. used humorously about something that is annoying but not really serious. 14. scrimmage 打架 I. countable a game, especially of football, played for practice. II. uncountable
the action between two football teams from the moment the center passes
the ball to the quarterback until the moment an official says it is
dead. In sports such as football and hockey, a scrimmage is a session of
practice that consists of an actual game. ...the first full scrimmage in Flyers training camp. III. countable informal a fight. hurly-burly 纷扰
a lot of noisy activity, usually involving large numbers of people. If
you talk about the hurly-burly of a situation, you are emphasizing how
noisy or busy it is. No one expects him to get involved in the hurly-burly of campaigning. 15. mayhem 人多导致的混乱场面
a very confused situation. You use mayhem to refer to a situation that
is not controlled or ordered, when people are behaving in a
disorganized, confused, and often violent way. Their arrival caused mayhem as crowds of people rushed towards them. ...the economic mayhem that this country's going through now. It was absolute mayhem at the sales. vocabulary: Mayhem is a violent and rowdy disturbance, like what you might experience at an overcrowded rock concert or a day-after-Thanksgiving sale. You may encounter several types of disturbances in your life, but mayhem is typically used for disturbances involving crowds.
The word mayhem comes to us not from Latin, as many English words do,
but from Anglo-French, a dialect of French that developed in England
several centuries ago. We're guessing those Anglo-French speakers had a
reputation for being a pretty rowdy bunch. 16. maim [meɪm]
to injure someone seriously, especially permanently. To maim someone
means to injure them so badly that part of their body is permanently
damaged. Mines
have been scattered in rice paddies and jungles, maiming and killing
civilians. One man has lost his life, another has been maimed. The boy had been maimed in a train wreck. 17. racket [ˈrækɪt] I. singular informal 巨大噪音. 嘈杂. a loud annoying noise that continues for a long time. A racket is a loud unpleasant noise. He
makes such a racket I'm afraid he disturbs the neighbours. My dream was
interrupted by the most awful racket coming through the walls. The
racket of drills and electric saws went on past midnight. Stop making such a racket! II. countable an object used for hitting the ball in games such as tennis, with a long handle and a round part with strings. III. countable informal an illegal activity that makes money. You can refer to an illegal activity used to make money as a racket. A
smuggling racket is killing thousands of exotic birds each year.
Suspicious fans exposed the racket and police arrested a man last night. a smuggling racket. 18. outcry 愤怒抗议, 群情激奋的反对, 愤怒反对
an angry expression of protest or shock by a lot of people, as a
reaction to something that someone has done or to something that has
happened. A massive public outcry followed the revelations of ballot-rigging. The cuts provoked an outcry against the government. An outcry is a reaction of strong disapproval and anger shown by the public or media about a recent event. The killing caused an international outcry. There was public outcry from those opposed to abortion. 19. frenzy I. countable/ uncountable a state of uncontrolled activity or emotion. The next speaker whipped the crowd up into a frenzy. She was in a frenzy of rage. II. countable a period of great energy and activity. Her arrival always triggers a media frenzy. 20. Chinese fire drill 混乱状态, 乱糟糟的状况
I. (US) A prank performed while stopped in a car at a red light; each
passenger (including the driver) shouts "Chinese fire drill", exits the
vehicle, runs at least once around it, then re-enters, taking a
different seat. The term is also used to describe an American college
prank (also known as red-light green-light) performed by a vehicle's
occupants when stopped at a traffic light, especially when there is a
need to swap drivers or fetch something from the trunk. Before the light
changes to green, each occupant gets out, runs around the vehicle, and
gets back inside, but not necessarily in their original seats. If one of
the participants lags, the others may drive off without him or her. II.
(US, derogatory) A silly, pointless exercise. III. NORTH AMERICAN informal offensive
a state of disorder or confusion. "Chinese fire drill" is a slang term
for a situation that is chaotic or confusing, possibly due to poor or
misunderstood instructions. 21. "Controlled chaos = organised chaos 乱中有序" is a phrase often used casually to describe something that looks out of control but which functions according to unseen rules or organization. rumpus ['rʌmpəs]
A noisy, sometimes violent disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel.
If someone or something causes a rumpus, they cause a lot of noise or
argument. He had actually left the company a year before the rumpus started. ruckus 打架, 争吵 I. [US, informal] A noisy disturbance and/or commotion. If someone or something causes a ruckus, they cause a great deal of noise, argument, or confusion. This caused such a ruckus all over Japan that they had to change their mind. II. A row, fight. rumbustious (UK) = rambunctious (US) = boisterous boisterous and unruly. Energetic, noisy, boisterous and difficult to control. The kids are being especially rambunctious today. 22. A
quarrel or rumpus(['rʌmpəs] 骚乱, 骚动. a noisy, confused, or disruptive commotion. rumpus room
n. 娱乐室. A room for play and parties. a room used for noisy activities,
such as parties or children's games. 其他名称有 recreation room, a rec room, ruckus room ['rʌkəs] n. Informal an uproar; ruction]. UK叫做 game room.). 23. horseplay = house-roughing Horseplay is rough play in which people push and hit each other, or behave in a silly way. ...the childish splashing and horseplay Mark indulged in. the rough lively play of children. shenanigans 骗钱的龌龊行为, 乱哄哄的闹哄哄的行为
You can use shenanigans to refer to rather dishonest or immoral
behaviour, especially when you think it is amusing or interesting.
silly, dishonest, or immoral behavior ...the private shenanigans of public figures. vocabulary: Ever been ripped off at three card monte or some other con? Well, you're the victim of a shenanigan, a clever form of deception, usually designed to part the unwary from their money. Not all shenanigans are financially motivated; an equally popular meaning is simply high spirits or boisterous behavior that might upset or annoy others, though usually not with any serious intent.
It seems to be a word frequently applied to the Irish, with their
established love of the high-spirited and artful ploy, and in fact may
well come from the ancient Irish word sionnach, meaning "fox" — a
traditionally sly beast. That's just workplace shenanigans. 24. fracas [frækɑː, US freɪkəs] A fracas is a rough, noisy quarrel or fight. a noisy argument or fight: He was injured in a Saturday-night fracas outside a disco. fracas over The prime minister has joined the fracas over the proposed changes. In the fracas the car driver made off. I'm looking over my text correspondence with Beverly and I don't see anything that would have given her offense. Nothing's ambiguous, I spell everything out. Including "laugh out loud" and "what's the fracas?" I'm sure she's not mad at you. Well, then why would she rather spend the day with Leonard? Because he's her son?Amy, I just feel like we're going in circles. You-- What? No knock? What's the fracas? . 25. melee [meleɪ, US meɪ-] = mêlée I. A melee is a noisy confusing fight between the people in a crowd. A policeman was killed and scores of people were injured in the melee. II. A melee of things is a large, confusing, disorganized group of them. ...the melee of streets around the waterfront. 26. snafu [snæfu] ( Situation Normal: All Fucked/Fouled Up) [US, informal, disapproval] If you describe a situation as a snafu, you mean that it is disorderly or disorganized and that it is usually like this. a situation in which nothing has happened as planned: The company isn't wholly to blame for the snafu. A single snafu (= serious mistake) by an airline can leave a lasting impression on travelers. Her internship was cut short because of a technical snafu. It may be the judge's fault. It may be a lawyer's fault. It may be a procedural snafu.
