用法学习: 1. excommunicate [ˌekskəˈmjunɪˌkeɪt] 关在门外, 抛弃, 踢出去, to officially say that someone can no longer be a member of the Roman Catholic Church because they have done something that breaks its rules. If a Roman Catholic or member of the Orthodox Church is excommunicated, it is publicly and officially stated that the person is no longer allowed to be a member of the Church. This is a punishment for some very great wrong that they have done. Eventually, he was excommunicated along with his mentor. In 1766 he excommunicated the village for its 'depraved diversion'. ...the threat of excommunication. Right now I feel excommunicated from the sport itself and stigmatized, and to me it is unfair. I just don't believe that this warranted a suspension at all, much less 更不用说, 更不必说, 更别说, 更别提 a five-year suspension, for just a technicality, an honest mistake during a very emotional time. sound off 大放厥词, 发表意见, 发表看法, 忿忿不平 [informal, disapproval] express one's opinions in a loud or forceful manner. If someone sounds off, they express their opinions strongly and rather rudely without being asked. Some people sound off about something without really deciding what they think about it. "Pietro started sounding off to the press". Maria's always sounding off about politics. Figure skaters sound off on Valieva's Olympic doping scandal. Figure skaters and coaches competing against 15-year-old Russian Kamila Valieva shared a range of views about the doping scandal that has caused havoc at the Beijing Olympics and overshadowed the marquee women's contest.
What is renewable energy curtailment and how does it affect rooftop solar? As more households install rooftop solar 安装太阳能 and more renewable energy farms come online, a new problem is emerging. It's called "curtailment", which is where an electricity generating system stops exporting to the grid 电网 or even temporarily shuts down, effectively wasting energy that could have been used. This week, Western Australia followed South Australia in granting authorities the power to turn off household solar systems when the electricity network is under severe stress 电网压力大. But curtailment isn't only an issue in WA and SA. Rooftop solar owners in every state and territory may be surprised to hear their panels are often being curtailed. For a few unlucky homes, curtailment may be reducing annual output by up to 20 per cent — and the owners may not even know. So what causes curtailment, how can it be avoided, and will it affect the uptake of rooftop solar? Why we're increasingly using less energy than we can produce: To understand what causes curtailment, (and why your rooftop solar is sometimes not generating energy), we need to go into some detail about a fairly dry topic: our system of electricity generation and transmission, which we call the grid. Electricity generation can be curtailed for economic or grid-capacity 电网容量 reasons. For instance, when prices go negative in the grid, the operators of large wind and solar farms will choose to stop exporting, to avoid an economic cost. Or when supply is so high that the amount of electricity being generated threatens to overwhelm the grid's capacity, the market operator will block supply. Pretty simple, right? For instance, on September 19 last year, conditions of high supply but low demand (a weekend day of sunny but mild weather) saw energy prices go negative in the National Electricity Market (or the NEM, which is the interconnected grid for all of Australia except WA and the NT). As a result, solar farms and wind generators chose to stop exporting, and more than 3,000,000kW of wind and solar was curtailed. But the next day was a weekday, which saw increased demand, and higher prices. This time, the energy generators were happy to sell as much energy as they could to the grid, and the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) had to step in and block supply, to avoid overloading 超载, 超负荷 the system. So what does this have to do with rooftop solar? As more is installed in Australia, demand for electricity goes down and supply goes up. This means that large utility-scale generators (e.g. solar and wind farms) are increasingly being curtailed, or curtailing themselves. According to AEMO, curtailment is going up, both as an absolute value and as a proportion of total generation. By 2050, over 20 per cent of renewable energy will be curtailed, it predicts. That's well over 50 trillion Wh, which, to give a sense of scale, is more renewable energy than Australia currently generates. How does it affect rooftop solar? So you may be thinking, over-supply sounds bad for big producers of solar, but why does it affect my rooftop system? It affects your system in two ways 从两方面, 有两种形式. The first is that authorities are increasingly treating rooftop solar as a kind of massive but dispersed 分散的 solar farm, which means they're beginning to control whether your system exports to the grid. Authorities move to gain more control over rooftop solar amid a ballooning number of installations 安装量 that are threatening to overload the grid at certain times. With some exceptions, this prevents the household exporting solar energy, as well as using solar to power its appliances. Instead, with the panels switched off, the household relies on mains power. The second way over-supply affects rooftop solar is much more common, but hasn't had as much attention. When the household's solar inverter — which acts as an intermediary 中间人 between the electricity grid and the home — senses too much voltage in the local grid, it automatically switches off the home's rooftop panels. So, this form of curtailment is done by the inverter, rather than by the market operator. Curtailment has two economic impacts for households: less money from exporting electricity (admittedly, this usually isn't much) and having to pay for mains electricity. "It may mean that instead of using solar electricity to run your appliances and air-conditioning, you may have to buy that electricity from the grid," Dr Yildiz said. "At the moment the loss due to curtailment is quite small, but as we install more and more solar, that may increase." For some rooftop solar owners, curtailment boils down to a slightly lower return on their investment. But due to the difficulty of measuring curtailment at the household level, few households are aware it's happening, says Sophie Adams, a co-author of the UNSW study. "They couldn't have been warned that this was happening, because it's such an emerging 新出现的 issue. Ten years ago, no-one could have imagined we'd be seeing this." How can rooftop solar owners know if they're being curtailed? The extent to which your rooftop solar system may be curtailed depends on several variables, including the local capacity or strength of the electricity network, and whether your neighbours also have rooftop solar. "If every house has solar, then it's likely every house has curtailment," Dr Yildiz said. Rural areas tend to have weaker networks, which makes them more prone to curtailment, he added. It goes nowhere, because it doesn't exist. That's because in order to produce electricity, the solar panel needs the potential 势能 difference provided by either the grid or household devices that consume electricity. If we use the analogy of a water tank with a hole in the floor, the potential difference (another word for voltage) is the pressure acting on the water that's rushing out the bottom. When the inverter disconnects the solar panel, that outlet is closed, so there's no potential difference. So you don't have to worry about the unused panels electrifying your roof. What can be done to reduce curtailment? The two main solutions to curtailment are load-shifting and energy storage. Load-shifting is about using energy-intensive appliances such as hot water systems and pool pumps in the middle of the day, to increase demand at that time. A new kind of charger that allows an electric vehicle to be used as a giant home battery is close to going on sale in Australia. So how does it work and is it worth the price? By increasing demand, more energy is required to oversupply the grid, reducing the risk of curtailment (with the added benefit of lower demand in the evening, when there are fewer renewables). Energy storage 能量储存 includes installing more batteries, either small ones serving individual homes, or larger ones for communities and entire grids. Like load-shifting, energy storage increases demand when it's needed and stabilises sudden increases in grid-voltage. These strategies can reduce curtailment, but some amount is inevitable. In fact, curtailment can sometimes be more efficient than building more storage, according to the the AEMO draft 2022 Integrated System Plan: "Adding more storage to soak up the surplus supply 过量的供应 is unlikely to be economically efficient because, with so much annual renewable generation, there is little marginal value in shifting [variable renewable energy] to other times in the day, month or year ... installing sufficient VRE to meet the energy needs of winter and accepting some curtailment in summer is likely to be a more efficient outcome than the alternative of building less utility-scale solar but more seasonal storage." So a little bit of wasted energy in summer is just the cost of having abundant and cheap renewable energy for the rest of the year. Will this affect the uptake of rooftop solar? For most homes, curtailment is currently a very small problem with minimal economic cost. That said, when they found out about curtailment, most households wanted to know more, and it made some "think twice" about rooftop solar, Dr Adams said. "There was an expectation that they should be able to get advice about how much this would affect them," she said. "Unfortunately, that's not going to be possible. There's so many moving parts ( Lots of moving parts 变量太多 A complicated situation with a lot of variables or components. Usually used when it would take too long to explain something in detail.). The installation of a system next door is going to change the odds for you."
奥运会裁判打分争议: underscore verb. I. [mainly US] = underline in UK If something such as an action or an event underscores another 强调重要性, it draws attention to the other thing and emphasizes its importance. The Labor Department figures underscore the shaky state of the economic recovery. The rash of accidental shootings underscores how difficult it will be to restore order here. II. = underline in UK If you underscore something such as a word or a sentence 划下划线, you draw a line underneath it in order to make people notice it or give it extra importance. He heavily underscored his note to Shelley. III. 压分. 打低分. I was the American judge who underscored Ayumu Hirano. I thought he was cheating touching his little surf stick and helping it spin. I misunderstood. Ayumu Hirano did get robbed in scores 被压分. Initially, an American judge underscored Ayumu by giving him 89 in the event as he thought he was cheating touching his little surf stick and helping it spin. Fans are outraged by his decision and want the judge banished from future events as well. Some are even claiming that the judge did so as to give Shaun a chance to take the gold after the second run. 日本运动员被压分的报道: For the second time in a week, judging controversy became the central narrative of an Olympic men's snowboarding final. First, it was the men's slopestyle final on Sunday night, where Max Parrot took gold off the strength of a terrific run, but one that saw him grab his knee instead of the front of his board on a jump—a big no-no that could have docked 减分, 扣分, 丢分, 失分 (deduct 扣分 There is no negative marking 不扣分 for incorrect response. dock I. [intransitive, transitive] dock (something) if a ship docks 靠岸 or you dock a ship, it sails into a harbour and stays there The ferry is expected to dock at 6. II. [intransitive, transitive] dock (something) if two spacecraft dock, or are docked 飞船对接, they are joined together in space Next year, a technology module will be docked on the space station. III. [transitive] to take away part of somebody's wages, etc. If you're late, your wages will be docked 扣发. 扣工资, 扣奖金. Airline
worker has pay docked after 'humiliating' last-minute passenger.
Vietiet condemned their employee's actions, saying she would have her
salary and bonuses cut. dock something from/off something They've docked 15% off my pay for this week. IV. [transitive] (computing) to connect a computer to a docking station I docked my portable and started work. V. [transitive] dock something to cut an animal's tail short The horse's tail had been docked. to be docked pay? ) him two or three points 几分. The main storyline heading into the men's halfpipe final was whether any of the riders would land the elusive triple cork, a trick 动作, 技巧 that represents the next frontier of men's halfpipe snowboarding. Scotty James, meanwhile, has suggested he has the trick in his bag. He went off the radar for much of the 2021-22 season to train on a private halfpipe in Europe, where he was, among other things, working on getting the triple dialed. But James—and Shaun White, who was even cagier about his own progress with the triple—made it clear in interviews that they wouldn't even consider doing the trick unless their backs were against the wall 没有退路, 无路可退, 被逼无奈, 被逼到份上了 at the Olympics. It's just that dangerous. Judges evaluate 评分, 打分 riders on amplitude ( [ˈæmplɪˌtud] half of the total height of a wave such as a sound wave or an electrical wave, used as a measurement of how strong it is. The amplitude of a sea wave is its height above the level of water when the water is calm and still. a. In physics, the amplitude of a sound wave or electrical signal is its strength. As we fall asleep the amplitude of brain waves slowly becomes greater. b. Amplitude is the quality of being large in size or quantity. ...a man of nineteenth-century amplitude. ), difficulty, variety, execution 动作完成分 and progression, with the score reflecting overall impression. Richards thought Hirano's run could score as high as a 98. The score came back: 91.75. Richards was apoplectic ( [ˌæpəˈplektɪk] 暴怒, 气愤异常 extremely angry. If someone is apoplectic, they are extremely angry about something. It's enough to make them choke with apoplectic rage. My father was apoplectic when he discovered the truth. )—surprisingly and refreshingly, considering it's not often you hear such unvarnished 没把门的 commentary on the broadcast network that has a rightsholder 权力持有人 ( The six leading teams share voting rights on regulation change with the commercial rights holder and the governing body. ) relationship ( to ride roughshod over sb/sth 践踏, 强行摊派 [disapproval] If you say that someone is riding roughshod over a person or their views, you disapprove of them because they are using their power or authority to do what they want, completely ignoring that person's wishes. The security forces rode roughshod over the human rights of the people.) with the Olympics. "ROBBED" began trending on Twitter. Even now, no sense can be made of it 想不通的, 没道理的. Before the official scoring was up for the second runs, the thought was perhaps the judges had mistaken the triple cork for a double. As Richards pointed out, the triple is a high-risk proposition; how could it be worth it, and why would anyone ever do it again, if it doesn't earn top score? Hirano's run clearly took the cake 最厉害的 when it came to progression and difficulty (again, because of the triple). How about amplitude? Well, Hirano's highest hit was 16'4", compared to James' 15'4". The prospect of another judging controversy marring an incredible snowboarding final full of progression and high-level execution was too much to bear. It wasn't fair to Hirano, of course, who put down the run of his life. But it also wasn't fair to James, whose run was terrific and free of mistakes, and who didn't deserve to earn a gold medal with an asterisk. The judges, intentionally or not, had issued 发起挑战 a challenge to Hirano to go bigger. He responded by putting down a run we may not see again in competitive snowboarding for years. New Olympic snowboard halfpipe champion Ayumu Hirano says that riders are "putting their lives on the line" but not being scored "accurately", calling for better judging. The dreadlocked Japanese beat retiring legend Shaun White and a host of others to win gold in the men's halfpipe on Friday, but he had to come from behind on his final run to do it. Hirano said he was "angry" and "didn't understand" why his jaw-dropping second run did not put him into first place, and on Saturday he called for wholesale changes 彻底的改变, 全面改革 to the judging system(wholesale noun. Wholesale is the activity of buying and selling goods in large quantities and therefore at cheaper prices, usually to shopkeepers who then sell them to the public. Warehouse clubs allow members to buy goods at wholesale prices. I am in the wholesale trade. adv. If something is sold wholesale, it is sold in large quantities and at cheaper prices, usually to shopkeepers. The fabrics are sold wholesale to retailers, fashion houses, and other manufacturers. adj. You use wholesale to describe the destruction, removal, or changing of something 重头来过 when it affects a very large number of things or people. They are only doing what is necessary to prevent wholesale destruction of vegetation. ). "We want to have sound standards and I think we should look into exactly what the judges were looking at," said the 23-year-old. Written appeals 书面上诉 to upgrade medals can be filed within 15 minutes following competitions. We'll never know if Hirano would have appealed the result should he have ended up with silver. But the court of public opinion was clearly in his favor.
