用法学习: 1. tough out If you tough out a difficult situation, you do not give in or show any weakness in that situation. to deal with a difficult situation by being determined, rather than leaving or changing your decision She told herself to be brave and tough it out. I think it was very brave of him to tough it out. Cabinet ministers signalled their determination to tough out the controversy. alleviate [əˈliːvɪeɪt] 减缓, 缓解 ( ease, reduce, relieve, moderate ) make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe. If you alleviate pain, suffering, or an unpleasant condition, you make it less intense or severe. to make something less painful, severe, or serious. The doctor has prescribed some drugs to alleviate the pain. The UN's most important objective is to alleviate world poverty. Nowadays, a great deal can be done to alleviate back pain. ...the problem of alleviating mass poverty. "he couldn't prevent her pain, only alleviate it". 2. Frosted tips 发型 refer to a men's hairstyle in which the hair is cut short and formed into short spikes with hair gel or hair spray. The hair is bleached such that the tips of each spike will be pale blond, usually in contrast to the wearer's main hair color. Hamptons style 房屋风格 is characterised by its use of masculine features outside – such as stately columns, pediments and ox-eye windows, with external walls cladded in shingles or weatherboards – while interiors showcase beautiful marbles and plush furnishings. It's the perfect blend of coastal meets luxe. A sun-drenched 阳光充裕的 ( receiving a lot of heat and light from the sun. Sun-drenched places have a lot of hot sunshine. He sat on the terrace of his sun-drenched villa in the South of France. sun-drenched beaches/islands. ) living space that filters through the rest of the open plan home is essential to creating that Hamptons atmosphere. Combine this with white paint to reflect the light, and lighter oak/oak alternative floors to create a real coastal atmosphere. 3. 乌克兰战争: Russia launched its offensive 发起攻势 on Kyiv from Belarus, which is ruled by the Kremlin's client( A client state, in international relations, is a state that is economically, politically, and/or militarily subordinate to another more powerful state (called "controlling state" in this article). A client state may variously be described as satellite state, associated state, dominion, condominium, self-governing colony, neo-colony, protectorate, vassal state, puppet state, and tributary state. ), authoritarian leader Alexander Lukashenko. Thousands of Russian troops have moved south over the border there, and aircraft and missiles are taking off from Belarus. 最高法院首席法官退休: "As soon as judges act idiosyncratically ( idiosyncratic 古怪的 [ˌɪdiəsɪŋˈkrætɪk] idiosyncratic tendencies are unusual or strange, and not shared by other people. If you describe someone's actions or characteristics as idiosyncratic, you mean that they are rather unusual. ...a highly idiosyncratic personality. ...his erratic typing and idiosyncratic spelling. He has some rather idiosyncratic views about what constitutes good television. her own idiosyncratic style of painting. idiosyncrasy [ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi] 怪癖 noun. If you talk about the idiosyncrasies of someone or something, you are referring to their rather unusual habits or characteristics. Everyone has a few little idiosyncrasies. The bike has style, it has looks, it has its little idiosyncrasies. The book is a gem of Victorian idiosyncrasy. ), there's a total lack of confidence in the profession." Striving to build confidence in the court is part of his legacy. He said he hoped the court would continue to be outward-looking ( looking beyond oneself; open-minded and reaching out to other people, organizations, etc. outward-looking tolerance. an outward-looking church. ) and would adapt to changing conditions 适应新形势, but said it would be presumptuous to give any advice for his successor, Justice Andrew Bell, who takes over after March 5. "Sooner or later 总是要, 总归要 you have to work it out for yourself." 4. TBBT: Sheldon: All right, what if we use this two-inch PVC to reinforce 加固 the centre cross-support? Howard: No good 没用. I mean, it might work for the Japanese and the Americans, but have you seen the size of the Russians they got up there? This thing has to hold up against a hearty potato-based diet. Leonard: I feel terrible. Howard: Maybe if you were helping, you'd feel better about yourself. Leonard: I deliberately tried to sabotage Stuart's date with Penny. Raj: Of course you feel terrible. You completely screwed up your karma, dude. Sheldon: You don't really believe in that superstition, do you? Raj: It's not superstition. It's practically Newtonian 牛顿学说. For every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction. Leonard pretends to be a friend and acts like a two-faced bitch 双面人, therefore, he is reborn as a banana slug. It's actually a very elegant system, you know, what goes around comes around. Howard: Speaking of what goes around comes around… Raj: Okay, look. Instead of trying to reinforce this structure here, what if we just ran another line, bypass it entirely? Sheldon: It won't work. The diameter of the tubing is insufficient. Raj: What if we reposition the collection tank? Sheldon: It won't work. No way to mount it. Howard: Okay, here's an idea. What if I change my name and go live with my cousin and her husband Avi in Israel? Sheldon: That could work. Penny: Look, Leonard, what goes on between me and Stuart is none of your business. So just leave it alone, okay? Raj: If you really want to clean up your karma, go get my freakin' latte. 5. 德国游行: A protest movement against Covid measures in Germany has increasingly merged with the far right. The movements, each radicalizing the other, have taken an increasingly sinister turn, with a growing specter of violence ( spectre I. If you refer to the spectre of something unpleasant, you are referring to something that you are frightened might occur. Failure to arrive at a consensus over the issue raised the spectre of legal action. Like many others, Handford was relieved to see the spectre of 15% interest rates evaporate by the end of the day. II. A spectre is a ghost. ) that is alarming security agencies. affiliated [əˈfɪlɪeɪtɪd] adj. (of a subsidiary group or a person) officially attached or connected to an organization. "affiliated union members". a. If an organization is affiliated with another larger organization, it is officially connected with the larger organization or is a member of it. When the U.S. and its allies began considering sanctions on Russian oil and gas exports this month to punish the country for devastation wrought in Ukraine, prominent voices affiliated with both major American political parties pointed to Venezuela as a potential substitute. There are currently 50 unions affiliated to the Trades Union Congress. ...the United Nations and its affiliated organisations. -affiliated combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe which organization something or someone is affiliated to. ...church-affiliated 附属于的, 附属学校 schools in Oregon. b. If a professional person, such as a lawyer or doctor, is affiliated with an organization, they are officially connected with that organization or do some official work for it. He will remain affiliated with the firm as a special associate director. ...our affiliated members. affiliation I. If one group has an affiliation with another group, it has a close or official connection with it. The group has no affiliation to any political party. The officer cited the federation's rule on affiliation. II. If you have an affiliation with a group or another person, you have a close or official connection with them. ...Johnson's affiliation with shoe company Nike. They asked what her political affiliations were. 6. Australians warned that travelling to fight in Ukraine could reduce them to 'cannon fodder 沦为炮灰. "In my personal opinion, that would be pointless and a suicide mission 找死, 死路一条, 白白送死(A suicide mission is a task which is so dangerous for the people involved that they are not expected to survive. The term is sometimes extended to include suicide attacks such as kamikaze and suicide bombings, whose perpetrators actively commit suicide during execution of the mission. ). There is no need to have further unnecessary deaths for Ukraine. But Mr Mencinsky said that if Australians with military training volunteered to fight in a foreign legion, that would be their decision. "I would support anyone's personal decision. Would I encourage them? Possibly not. The comments follow a weekend appeal from Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy for people around the world to join a yet-to-be-established foreign legion of fighters to combat Russian troops. On Monday, Prime Minister Scott Morrison said the legality [(lɪ'gælɪti] 合法性, 是否合法 ( If you talk about the legality of an action or situation, you are talking about whether it is legal or not. The auditor has questioned the legality of the contracts.) of people travelling from Australia for Ukraine to fight the Russian army was "unclear". 7. dissimilar [dɪˈsɪmɪlər] 不同的, 有差别的 different from someone or something else. two very dissimilar languages. dissimilar to: If one thing is dissimilar to another, or if two things are dissimilar, they are very different from each other. His methods were not dissimilar to those used by Freud. It would be difficult to find two men who were more dissimilar. The identical treatment of such dissimilar items is totally illogical. One of his main themes is the dissimilarity between parents and children. a weaving technique not dissimilar to the way fishermen make their nets. Reports that Africans are singled out for unacceptable dissimilar treatment would be shockingly racist and in breach international law. 8.
Why John Mearsheimer Blames the U.S. for the Crisis in Ukraine: Mearsheimer is a proponent of great-power politics 大国政治—a school of realist international relations that assumes that, in a self-interested attempt to preserve national security, states will preëmptively act in anticipation of adversaries. For years, Mearsheimer has argued that the U.S., in pushing to expand nato eastward and establishing friendly relations with Ukraine, has increased the likelihood of war between nuclear-armed powers and laid the groundwork for Vladimir Putin's aggressive position toward Ukraine. Indeed, in 2014, after Russia annexed 吞并 Crimea, Mearsheimer wrote that "the United States and its European allies share most of the responsibility for this crisis. Looking at the situation now with Russia and Ukraine, how do you think the world got here? I think all the trouble in this case really started in April, 2008, at the nato Summit in Bucharest, where afterward nato issued a statement that said Ukraine and Georgia would become part of nato. The Russians made it unequivocally clear at the time that they viewed this as an existential threat, and they drew a line in the sand. Nevertheless, what has happened with the passage of time is that we have moved forward to include Ukraine in the West to make Ukraine a Western bulwark ( bulwark [ˈbʊlwərk] I. countable formal 防御工事. 防御力量. 保护力量. 保护网. someone or something that protects or defends something such as a belief, idea, or way of life. A bulwark against something protects you against it. A bulwark of something protects it. The abbeys were founded in the 12th century by King David as a bulwark against the English. The country is valued as a bulwark of peace, stability, and democracy in a difficult region of the world. bulwark against: a bulwark against a resurgence of fascism. II. countable a wall that is built for defense. bulwarks plural the sides of a ship above the deck. stalwart [ˈstɔlwərt] 铁杆支持者, 忠实支持者 noun. a stalwart friend or supporter is very loyal. A stalwart is a loyal worker or supporter of an organization, especially a political party. His free-trade policies aroused suspicion among Tory stalwarts. She is a stalwart of the Residents' Committee. adj. I. A stalwart supporter or worker is loyal, steady, and completely reliable. ...a stalwart supporter of the colonial government. The stalwart volunteers marched in this morning ready to go to work. II. A stalwart man is strong. I knew I was never in any danger with my stalwart bodyguard around me. ) on Russia's border. Of course, this includes more than just nato expansion. nato expansion is the heart of the strategy, but it includes E.U. expansion as well, and it includes turning Ukraine into a pro-American liberal democracy, and, from a Russian perspective, this is an existential threat. You said that it's about "turning Ukraine into a pro-American liberal democracy." I don't put much trust or much faith in America "turning" places into liberal democracies. What if Ukraine, the people of Ukraine, want to live in a pro-American liberal democracy? If Ukraine becomes a pro-American liberal democracy, and a member of nato, and a member of the E.U., the Russians will consider that categorically unacceptable. If there were no nato expansion and no E.U. expansion, and Ukraine just became a liberal democracy and was friendly with the United States and the West more generally, it could probably get away with that. You want to understand that there is a three-prong strategy at play here: E.U. expansion, nato expansion, and turning Ukraine into a pro-American liberal democracy. You keep saying "turning Ukraine into a liberal democracy," and it seems like that's an issue for the Ukrainians to decide. nato can decide whom it admits, but we saw in 2014 that it appeared as if many Ukrainians wanted to be considered part of Europe. It would seem like almost some sort of imperialism to tell them that they can't be a liberal democracy. It's not imperialism; this is great-power politics. When you're a country like Ukraine and you live next door to a great power like Russia, you have to pay careful attention to what the Russians think, because if you take a stick and you poke them in the eye, they're going to retaliate. States in the Western hemisphere understand this full well with regard to the United States. The Monroe Doctrine ( The Monroe Doctrine 门罗主义, 门罗准则 was a United States foreign policy position that opposed European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere. It held that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the U.S. The doctrine was central to U.S. foreign policy for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries. President James Monroe first articulated the doctrine on December 2, 1823, during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress (though it would not be named after him until 1850). At the time, nearly all Spanish colonies in the Americas had either achieved or were close to independence. Monroe asserted that the New World and the Old World were to remain distinctly separate spheres of influence, and thus further efforts by European powers to control or influence sovereign states in the region would be viewed as a threat to U.S. security. In turn, the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal affairs of European countries. By the end of the 19th century, Monroe's declaration was seen as a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States and one of its longest-standing tenets. The intent and effect of the doctrine persisted for over a century, with only small variations, and would be invoked by many U.S. statesmen and several U.S. presidents, including Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan. After 1898, the Monroe Doctrine was reinterpreted by Latin American lawyers and intellectuals as promoting multilateralism and non-intervention. In 1933, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the U.S. affirmed this new interpretation, namely through co-founding the Organization of American States. Into the 21st century, the doctrine continues to be variably denounced, reinstated, or reinterpreted. Historians have observed that while the Doctrine contained a commitment to resist further European colonialism in the Americas, it resulted in some aggressive implications for American foreign policy, since there were no limitations on the US's own actions mentioned within it. Historian Jay Sexton notes that the tactics used to implement the doctrine were modeled after those employed by European imperial powers during the 17th and 18th centuries. American historian William Appleman Williams, seeing the doctrine as a form of American imperialism, described it as a form of "imperial anti-colonialism". Noam Chomsky argues that in practice the Monroe Doctrine has been used by the U.S. government as a declaration of hegemony and a right of unilateral intervention over the Americas.), essentially. Of course. There's no country in the Western hemisphere that we will allow to invite a distant, great power to bring military forces into that country. Right, but saying that America will not allow countries in the Western hemisphere, most of them democracies, to decide what kind of foreign policy they have—you can say that's good or bad, but that is imperialism, right? We're essentially saying that we have some sort of say over how democratic countries run their business. We do have that say, and, in fact, we overthrew democratically elected leaders in the Western hemisphere during the Cold War because we were unhappy with their policies. This is the way great powers behave. Of course we did, but I'm wondering if we should be behaving that way. When we're thinking about foreign policies, should we be thinking about trying to create a world where neither the U.S. nor Russia is behaving that way? That's not the way the world works. When you try to create a world that looks like that, you end up with the disastrous policies that the United States pursued during the unipolar moment. We went around the world trying to create liberal democracies. Our main focus, of course, was in the greater Middle East, and you know how well that worked out. Not very well. I think it would be difficult to say that America's policy in the Middle East in the past seventy-five years since the end of the Second World War, or in the past thirty years since the end of the Cold War, has been to create liberal democracies in the Middle East. I think that's what the Bush Doctrine was about during the unipolar moment. In Iraq. But not in the Palestinian territories, or Saudi Arabia, or Egypt, or anywhere else, right? No—well, not in Saudi Arabia and not in Egypt. To start with, the Bush Doctrine basically said that if we could create a liberal democracy in Iraq, it would have a domino effect, and countries such as Syria, Iran, and eventually Saudi Arabia and Egypt would turn into democracies. That was the basic philosophy behind the Bush Doctrine. The Bush Doctrine was not just designed to turn Iraq into a democracy. We had a much grander scheme in mind. We can debate how much the people who were in charge in the Bush Administration really wanted to turn the Middle East into a bunch of democracies, and really thought that was going to happen. My sense was that there was not a lot of actual enthusiasm about turning Saudi Arabia into a democracy. Well, I think focussing on Saudi Arabia is taking the easy case from your perspective. That was the most difficult case from America's perspective, because Saudi Arabia has so much leverage over us because of oil, and it's certainly not a democracy. But the Bush Doctrine, if you go look at what we said at the time, was predicated ( predicate verb [ˈpredɪkeɪt] noun [ˈpredɪkət] noun. the part of the sentence that contains the verb and its object or complements and gives more information about the subject, for example "was combing her hair" in the sentence "Francesca was combing her hair." In some systems of grammar, the predicate of a clause is the part of it that is not the subject. For example, in 'I decided what to do', 'decided what to do' is the predicate. verb. [ˈpredɪkeɪt] to base an action or decision on the existence or truth of something else. If you say that one situation is predicated on another, you mean that the first situation can be true or real only if the second one is true or real. Financial success is usually predicated on having money or being able to obtain it. predicate something on/upon something: The new tax cuts are predicated on 取决于 future surpluses. precondition [ˌprikənˈdɪʃ(ə)n] 前提 something that must happen or be done before something else can happen. If one thing is a precondition for another, it must happen or be done before the second thing can happen or exist. They made multi-party democracy a precondition for giving aid. An army withdrawal is a precondition for peace talks. prerequisite for/of [priˈrekwəzɪt] If one thing is a prerequisite for another, it must happen or exist before the other thing is possible. something that must exist or happen before something else is possible. Good language skills are a prerequisite for the job. Good self-esteem is a prerequisite for a happy life. Party membership was an essential prerequisite of a successful career. wiki: In computer programming, a precondition 先决条件 is a condition or predicate that must always be true just prior to the execution of some section of code or before an operation in a formal specification. If a precondition is violated, the effect of the section of code becomes undefined and thus may or may not carry out its intended work. Security problems can arise due to incorrect preconditions. Often, preconditions are simply included in the documentation of the affected section of code. Preconditions are sometimes tested using guards or assertions within the code itself, and some languages have specific syntactic constructions for doing so. For example: the factorial is only defined for integers greater than or equal to zero. So a program that calculates the factorial of an input number would have preconditions that the number be an integer and that it be greater than or equal to zero. ) on the belief that we could democratize 民主化 [dɪˈmɑkrəˌtaɪz] the greater Middle East. It might not happen overnight, but it would eventually happen. I guess my point would be actions speak louder than words, and, whatever Bush's flowery speeches 漂亮话, 花言巧语 said, I don't feel like the policy of the United States at any point in its recent history has been to try and insure liberal democracies around the world. There's a big difference between how the United States behaved during the unipolar moment and how it's behaved in the course of its history. I agree with you when you talk about American foreign policy in the course of its broader history, but the unipolar moment was a very special time. I believe that during the unipolar moment, we were deeply committed to spreading democracy. With Ukraine, it's very important to understand that, up until 2014, we did not envision nato expansion and E.U. expansion as a policy that was aimed at containing Russia. Nobody seriously thought that Russia was a threat before February 22, 2014. NATO expansion, E.U. expansion, and turning Ukraine and Georgia and other countries into liberal democracies were all about creating a giant zone of peace that spread all over Europe and included Eastern Europe and Western Europe. It was not aimed at containing Russia. What happened is that this major crisis broke out, and we had to assign blame 找替罪羊, 找人担责, and of course we were never going to blame ourselves. We were going to blame the Russians. So we invented this story that Russia was bent on aggression in Eastern Europe. Putin is interested in creating a greater Russia, or maybe even re-creating the Soviet Union. Let's turn to that time and the annexation of Crimea. I was reading an old article where you wrote, "According to the prevailing wisdom in the West, the Ukraine Crisis can be blamed almost entirely on Russian aggression. Russian president Vladimir Putin, the argument goes, annexed Crimea out of a longstanding desire to resuscitate the Soviet Empire, and he may eventually go after the rest of Ukraine as well as other countries in Eastern Europe." And then you say, "But this account is wrong." Does anything that's happened in the last couple weeks make you think that account was closer to the truth than you might have thought? Oh, I think I was right. I think the evidence is clear that we did not think he was an aggressor before February 22, 2014. This is a story that we invented so that we could blame him. My argument is that the West, especially the United States, is principally responsible for this disaster. But no American policymaker, and hardly anywhere in the American foreign-policy establishment, is going to want to acknowledge that line of argument, and they will say that the Russians are responsible. You mean because the Russians did the annexation and the invasion? Yes. I was interested in that article because you say the idea that Putin may eventually go after the rest of Ukraine, as well as other countries in Eastern Europe, is wrong. Given that he seems to be going after the rest of Ukraine now, do you think in hindsight that that argument is perhaps more true, even if we didn't know it at the time? It's hard to say whether he's going to go after the rest of Ukraine because—I don't mean to nitpick here but—that implies that he wants to conquer all of Ukraine, and then he will turn to the Baltic states, and his aim is to create a greater Russia or the reincarnation [ˌriɪnkɑrˈneɪʃ(ə)n] 重生, 复活, 复兴 of the Soviet Union. I don't see evidence at this point that that is true. You don't think he has designs on Kyiv? No, I don't think he has designs on Kyiv(have designs on I. 想得到, 有野心. 觊觎. 虎视眈眈.
aim to obtain (something), typically in an underhand way. If someone
has designs on something, they want it and are planning to get it, often
in a dishonest way. He didn't even notice she had designs on him. Greece has always stressed that it had no designs on the territory. "he suspected her of having designs on the family fortune". You don't think he has designs on Kyiv?
No, I don't think he has designs on Kyiv. I think he's interested in
taking at least the Donbass, and maybe some more territory and eastern
Ukraine, and, number two, he wants to install in Kyiv a pro-Russian
government, a government that is attuned to Moscow's interests. II. 看上 have an undisclosed sexual interest in. "a bloke called Kevin who, in Henry's view, had had designs on Elinor". ). I think he's interested in taking at least the Donbass, and maybe some more territory and eastern Ukraine, and, number two, he wants to install in Kyiv a pro-Russian government, a government that is attuned to 符合...的利益, 利益一致的 Moscow's interests(attuned to 习惯于, 熟悉
especially able to understand or deal with. to be or become familiar
with the way someone thinks or behaves so that you can react to them in a
suitable way British companies still aren't really attuned to the needs of the Japanese market. People in New York seem attuned to fashion. ). I thought you said that he was not interested in taking Kyiv. No, he's interested in taking Kyiv for the purpose of regime change. O.K.? As opposed to what? As opposed to permanently conquering Kyiv. It would be a Russian-friendly government that he would presumably have some say over, right? Yes, exactly. But it's important to understand that it is fundamentally different from conquering and holding onto Kyiv. Do you understand what I'm saying? We could all think of imperial [ɪmˈpɪriəl] possessions whereby a sort of figurehead was put on the throne, even if the homeland was actually controlling what was going on there, right? We'd still say that those places had been conquered, right? I have problems with 不同意 your use of the word "imperial." I don't know anybody who talks about this whole problem in terms of imperialism. This is great-power politics, and what the Russians want is a regime in Kyiv that is attuned to Russian interests. It may be ultimately that the Russians would be willing to live with a neutral Ukraine, and that it won't be necessary for Moscow to have any meaningful control over the government in Kyiv. It may be that they just want a regime that is neutral and not pro-American. The much more important point is: he understands that he cannot conquer Ukraine and integrate it into a greater Russia or into a reincarnation of the former Soviet Union. He can't do that. What he's doing in Ukraine is fundamentally different. He is obviously lopping off some territory( lop off I. 削掉. 砍去. to cut something off something else in one smooth movement. II. 削减. to reduce something The Fed has lopped another quarter percent off interest rates. ). He's going to take some territory away from Ukraine, in addition to what happened with Crimea, in 2014. Furthermore, he is definitely interested in regime change. Beyond that, it's hard to say exactly what this will all lead to, except for the fact that he is not going to conquer all of Ukraine. It would be a blunder of colossal proportions 巨大错误 to try to do that. I went back and I reread your article about the Israel lobby in the London Review of Books, from 2006. You were talking about the Palestinian issue, and you said something that I very much agree with, which is: "There is a moral dimension( Justice Strickland: Let me say this again. Race is not a variable in this case. Your Honor, I'd like to use the remainder of my time to prepare my rebuttal. Chief Justice Montgomery: The request for rebuttal is granted. Mr. Chief Justice and may it please the Court, Ms. Keating has pulled a bait-and-switch on this Court. The minute she made race the determining factor, she took it out of the purview of this trial.. "As an arbiter of the law ( I. An arbiter is a person or institution that judges and settles a quarrel between two other people or groups. a person or organization that has official power to settle disagreements The U.S. Supreme Court acts as final arbiter when district courts disagree. He was the ultimate arbiter on both theological and political matters. ...the court's role as arbiter in the law-making process. II. An arbiter of taste or style ( adjudicator ) is someone who has a lot of influence in deciding what is fashionable or socially desirable. someone whose opinions about a subject have a lot of influence. The guidebook is the ultimate arbiter of culinary excellence. Sequins have often aroused the scorn of arbiters of taste. adjudicate If you adjudicate on a dispute or problem, you make an official judgment or decision about it. ...a commissioner to adjudicate on legal rights. The international court of justice might be a suitable place to adjudicate claims. ...unbiased adjudication of cases of unfair dismissal. ...an independent adjudicator. ), with whole knowledge of historical jurisprudence 法学理论, 法理 ( [ˌdʒʊrɪsˈprud(ə)ns] I. uncountable the study of law. Jurisprudence is the study of law and the principles on which laws are based. II. singular/uncountable the system of laws that exists in a particular place or that affects a particular area of activity. Fellow students recall Gorbachev working especially hard, often late into the night. Gorbachev gained a reputation as a mediator during disputes, and was also known for being outspoken in class, although would only reveal a number of his views privately; for instance he confided in some students his opposition to the Soviet jurisprudential norm that a confession proved guilt, noting that confessions could have been forced. wiki: Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and provide a deeper understanding of legal reasoning and analogy, legal systems, legal institutions, and the proper application and role of law in society. ) in this country, race must always be considered a variable." You have precious time, Ms. Keating. I suggest that you don't waste it by making arguments you've already made. These are not my words, Justice Strickland. They're yours. You wrote them in your 1985 ruling in Bryant v. Topeka, an equal protection case dealing with a state-housing lottery program. Racism is built into the DNA of America. And as long as we turn a blind eye to the pain of those suffering under its oppression, we will never escape those origins. The only safeguard 保障 保卫, 保护 ( verb. To safeguard something or someone means to protect them from being harmed, lost, or badly treated. They will press for international action to safeguard the ozone layer. The interests of minorities will have to be safeguarded under a new constitution. ...new guidelines to safeguard bill payers from future price rises. noun. 保险. 保障. A safeguard is a law, rule, or measure intended to prevent someone or something from being harmed. Many people took second jobs as a safeguard against unemployment. A system like ours lacks adequate safeguards for civil liberties. ) people of color have is the right to a defense, and we won't even give them that. Which means that the promise of civil rights has never been fulfilled. Due to the failure of our justice system, our public defense system in particular, Jim Crow is alive and kicking 生生不息, 活生生的存在, 无处不在, 无所不在 ( prevalent and very active. If you say that someone or something is alive and kicking, you are emphasizing not only that they continue to survive, but also that they are very active. ...worries that the secret police may still be alive and kicking. "bigotry is still alive and kicking". ) -- laws that made it illegal for blacks and whites to be buried in the same cemetery, that categorized people into quadroon and octaroons, that punished a black person for seeking medical attention in a white hospital. Some may claim that slavery has ended. But tell that to the inmates who are kept in cages and told that they don't have any rights at all. People like my client, Nathaniel Lahey, and millions of people like him who are relegated to a subclass of human existence in our prisons ( relegate I. (demote, degrade, downgrade, declass) If you relegate someone or something to a less important position 降职, 降级, 贬谪, 贬黜, you give them this position. Military heroes were relegated to the status of ordinary citizens. Other newspapers relegated the item to the middle pages. II. If a sports team that competes in a league is relegated 降级, it has to compete in a lower division in the next competition, because it was one of the least successful teams in the higher division. If Leigh lose, they'll be relegated. ...a team about to be relegated to the second division. Relegation to the Third Division would prove catastrophic. ). There is no alternative to justice in this case. There is no other option. To decide against my plaintiff is to choose lining the pockets of prison owners over providing basic defense for the people who live in them. And is that the America that this Court really wants to live in? Where money is more important than humanity? Where criminality is confused with mental health? The Sixth Amendment was ratified in 1791. It's been 226 years since then. Let's finally guarantee its rights to all of our citizens. ) here as well. Thanks to the lobby of the United States it has become the de facto enabler of Israeli occupation in the occupied territories, making it complicit in the crimes perpetrated against the Palestinians." I was cheered to read that because I know you think of yourself as a tough, crusty old guy who doesn't talk about morality [məˈræləti] ( I. 道德标准. 道德准则. principles of right or wrong behavior. Morality is the belief that some behaviour is right and acceptable and that other behaviour is wrong. ...standards of morality and justice in society. ...an effort to preserve traditional morality. As a novelist, she is not very preoccupied by morality. II. 道德系统. 道德规范. countable/uncountable a system of principles concerning right and wrong behavior that is accepted by a particular group of people. A morality is a system of principles and values concerning people's behaviour, which is generally accepted by a society or by a particular group of people. ...a morality that is sexist. ...communities and their shared moralities. the revolt against traditional American morality. III. uncountable the degree to which something is considered to be right or wrong. The morality of something is how right or acceptable it is. ...the arguments about the morality of blood sports. the continuing debate about the morality of genetic research. ), but it seemed to me you were suggesting that there was a moral dimension here. I'm curious what you think, if any, of the moral dimension to what's going on in Ukraine right now. I think there is a strategic and a moral dimension involved with almost every issue in international politics. I think that sometimes those moral and strategic dimensions line up with each other 不冲突的, 一致的. In other words, if you're fighting against Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1945, you know the rest of the story. There are other occasions where those arrows point in opposite directions, where doing what is strategically right is morally wrong. In an ideal world, it would be wonderful if the Ukrainians were free to choose their own political system and to choose their own foreign policy. But in the real world, that is not feasible. The Ukrainians have a vested interest in paying serious attention to what the Russians want from them. They run a grave risk if they alienate the Russians in a fundamental way. I did not think the Russians would occupy Ukraine in the long term. But, just to be very clear, I did say they're going to take at least the Donbass, and hopefully not more of the easternmost part of Ukraine. I think the Russians are too smart to get involved in an occupation of Ukraine.
TV SHOW - Why are we like this: 1. chalice = goblet [ˈtʃælɪs] a large cup for wine, especially one used during the Christian ceremony of Holy Communion. A chalice is a large gold or silver cup with a stem. Chalices are used to hold wine in the Christian service of Holy Communion. poisoned chalice a job or piece of work that will cause many problems for the person who is forced to do it. If you refer to a job or an opportunity as a poisoned chalice, you mean that it seems to be very attractive but you believe it will lead to failure. He does not regard his new job as a poisoned chalice. As the job comes with its own poisoned chalice, finding candidates will not be easy. A chalice or goblet [ˈɡɑblət] ( a large wine glass with a tall stem. ) is a footed cup intended to hold a drink. In religious practice, a chalice is often used for drinking during a ceremony or may carry a certain symbolic meaning. 2. lodge noun. I. A lodge is a house or hut in the country or in the mountains where people stay on holiday, especially when they want to shoot or fish. ...a Victorian hunting lodge. ...a ski lodge. II. A lodge is a small house at the entrance to the grounds of a large house. I drove out of the gates, past the keeper's lodge. III. In some organizations, a lodge is a local branch or meeting place of the organization. My father would occasionally go to his Masonic lodge. verb. I. If you lodge a complaint, protest, accusation, or claim, you officially make it. He has four weeks in which to lodge an appeal. II. If you lodge somewhere, such as in someone else's house or if you are lodged there, you live there, usually paying rent. ...the story of the farming family she lodged with as a young teacher. The building he was lodged in 居住 turned out to be a church. III. If someone lodges you somewhere, they give you a place to stay, for example because they are responsible for your safety or comfort. They took me into custody, questioned me, then lodged me in a children's home. They lodged the delegates in different hotels. IV. If an object lodges somewhere, it becomes stuck there. The bullet lodged 潜在 in the sergeant's leg, shattering his thigh bone. I don't want a chalice of blood (tampon) lodged in my pussy. I have to get it out. His car has a bullet lodged in the passenger door. V. If a fact or feeling lodges in your mind or is lodged there 挥之不去, 摆脱不掉, 甩不脱, you remember it for a long time. It just lodged in my mind as a very sentimental song. If you've got something to say it's got to be lodged in their brains at the end. The festival has lodged itself in the public mind. 3. lean in 不畏艰险, 直面挑战 BUSINESS to actively accept challenges and seek more responsibility, especially in order to progress in your career. She advises young women to lean in in order to move up the hierarchy 升值. If one more person tells me to lean in without getting into how it really feels, I'm going to scream. If you've paid any attention to business in the last few years, it's likely that you've heard a lot about leaning in. Headlines and book titles encourage us to "lean in to innovation," or tell companies to "lean in," or detail education "without leaning in." What's with all the leaning? One Guardian headline read: "The 'Lean In' generation have become addicted to work. It has to stop" Lean in became a business motto in 2013, taken from the title of the book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead written by Sheryl Sandberg, the Chief Operating Officer of Facebook, and Nell Scovell, a writer and Sandberg's collaborator. Sandberg's book outlines business strategies to help women achieve success, and its title perfectly paints a picture of what Sandberg believes women need to do to move up in the business world: to press ahead 直面困难, 不畏艰难, 迎难而上, to project confidence, to "sit at the table" and physically lean in to make herself heard. Sandberg's book came out in the midst of a broader discussion regarding the work/life balance of women in corporate America, and while it became a bestseller, it also garnered a fair amount of criticism. (In fact, Sandberg herself admitted in 2016 that advice she gave in her book did not take into account the difficulty single mothers faced when trying to advance their careers). The words lean in became lexical shorthand for the act or process of a woman's asserting herself in the workplace: If you are leaning in, as Sheryl Sandberg uses the term, you'll seize the opportunity to be promoted to the next level even if the chance comes when you have small children and you might have a tougher time juggling work and family in your new role. — Katherine Lewis, "What Does 'Leaning In' Look Like For Working Moms?". The faster my career accelerated at Facebook, the more my financial returns diminished, until my workload was being elevated 工作越来越多 but not my salary or equity. Leaning in, then, starts to look like it can benefit companies more than it benefits workers, if companies, while asking that their women employees "lean in," refuse to commit to equitable pay. It didn't take long for lean in to gain another meaning, referring to broader steps or processes that encourage women in the workplace, regardless of whether those steps or processes are initiated by women. Yes, Sandberg later said—men should lean in: Two years ago, I wrote a book that encouraged women to lean in. Maybe you've heard the phrase. Maybe you had no idea what it meant. Or maybe you steered clear of the whole concept because you didn't think it applied to men. Actually, it does. You — a man — can lean in, too. Lean in has even begun to be used as an attributive noun: The 'Lean In' generation have become addicted to work. It has to stop. While lean in is certainly gaining currency 被接受( the state of being commonly known or accepted, or of being used in many places. If a custom, idea, or word has currency, it is used and accepted by a lot of people at a particular time. His theory of the social contract had wide currency in America. 'Loop' is one of those computer words that has gained currency in society. His ideas enjoyed wide currency during the last century. Many informal expressions are gaining currency in serious newspapers. common currency 广为接受 If you say that an idea or belief has become common currency, you mean it is widely used and accepted. The story that she was trapped in a loveless marriage became common currency.), it doesn't yet have the widespread and sustained use necessary to be entered into the dictionary. 4. under someone's/something's name = under the name (of) (someone/something) I. used to say that something officially or legally belongs to a specified person The car is still under the name of my deceased mother. We both own the house, but the car is under my name 在我名下. II. used to say that something has or uses the name of a specified person I made the dinner reservations under your name. We have dinner reservations under the name Jones. We have two under Austin's list 奥斯汀的客人名单下, we are his housemates. go (straight) to the top 找领导, 找上级, 找老板, 告状 To insist upon speaking only to the most important person in a situation or setting. A: "Nancy, this guy is insisting that he knows the CEO and won't talk to anyone else—what should I do?" B: "Ugh, I hate these guys who just want to go straight to the top." to attempt to confer with the person at the top of the chain of command, bypassing the intermediate people. When I want something, I always go straight to the top. I don't have time for a lot of bureaucracy. 5. Financial domination (also known as findom) is a fetish lifestyle, in particular a practice of dominance and submission, in which a submissive (money slave, finsub, paypig, human ATM, or cash piggy) gives gifts and money to a financial dominant (money mistress, findomme, God/Goddess or money domme). The relation may often be accompanied by other practices of BDSM and d/s relationships, such as erotic humiliation, but there may be virtually no further intimacy between the individuals. The relationship between the submissive and the dominant may take place solely via online communication, but it is not uncommon for the submissive to accompany the dominant while shopping and paying with the submissive's money. Such a relationship between individuals may be similar to, yet clearly distinguishable from, relationships based on total power exchange. In the latter, the submissive may grant all their money saved and earned to the dominant, in addition to many other aspects of their autonomy, and it is not uncommon for both partners to have an intimate relationship as well. Financial domination can also be distinguished from sugar baby relationships in which a sugar daddy/mama offers gifts and money to the "baby" in return for a relationship, generally without any explicit elements of domination. In financial domination the submissive has no expectation of sexual contact in return for the money, and often there is no physical contact of any kind between the two parties. 6. His love language is acts of service 实际行动表达爱. In terms of intimate relationships, Acts of Service is a language that can best be described as doing something for your partner that you know they would like, such as filling up their gas, watering their plants, or cooking them a meal. When you give Acts of Service, you give up your time. This non-verbal form of love can be time-consuming and exhausting, but if it's what you partner needs, then it's worth the effort. People whose primary love language is Acts of Service feel your adoration [ˌædəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] by the things you do. Actions that go above and beyond help them feel your love towards them. They can be things like mowing the lawn, doing the dishes, or getting up in the middle of the night to take care of the little one, letting you sleep. Anything that can make your partner feel appreciated or that can help make their life easier. 7. rumble noun. I. A rumble is a low continuous noise. The silence of the night was punctuated by the distant rumble of traffic. The rain was teeming down and she thought she heard a rumble of thunder. II. If you refer to the rumble of someone's voice, you mean their voice sounds very low, making it hard to hear exactly what they are saying. A rumble of voices 叽里咕噜的声音, deep and lulling, vibrated over the whole scene. verb. I. If a vehicle rumbles somewhere, it moves slowly forward while making a low continuous noise. A bus rumbled along the road at the top of the path. A line of tractors rumbled onto the motorway through a cordon of police. The air reeked of kerosene and huge aircraft rumbled 轰鸣, 轰隆隆的 overhead. II. If something rumbles, it makes a low, continuous noise. Speeches rumbled within the walls of the churches. The sky, swollen like a black bladder, rumbled and crackled. crackle If something crackles, it makes a rapid series of short, harsh noises. to make continuous short sounds like the sound of wood burning. The radio crackled again. ...a crackling fire. ...the crackle of flames and gunfire. III. If your stomach rumbles, it makes a vibrating noise, usually because you are hungry. Her stomach rumbled 咕咕叫, 咕噜咕噜叫. She hadn't eaten any breakfast. My tummy is rumbling, so hungry now. IV. [British, informal] If someone is rumbled, the truth about them or something they were trying to hide is discovered. When his fraud was rumbled he had just £20.17 in the bank. rumble on [British, journalism] If you say that something such as an argument rumbles on, you mean that it continues for a long time after it should have been settled. And still the row rumbles on over who is to blame for the steadily surging crime statistics. The scandal surrounding the collapse of the bank looked set to rumble on for a third year. 8. take to someone/something to begin to like someone or something. to like something or someone: Sandra took to it straight away. Charles was an odd character whom Kelly had never really taken to. We took to our new neighbors very quickly. He didn't take kindly to the manager's insisting that he leave the restaurant. The children have really taken to tennis. I took to John immediately. take to [doing] something I. to start doing something as a habit. Dee's taken to getting up at 6 and going jogging. Recently he's taken to wearing a cap. take to your bed OLD-FASHIONED to go to a place, especially your bed. to get into your bed and stay there He was so depressed, he took to his bed for a week. Joanne says she's ill, and she's taken to her bed. Toxic shock syndrome (TSS): Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare and potentially life-threatening illness that is thought to be caused by infection with certain types of bacteria. Women who have their period (are menstruating) are most at risk of getting TSS, as it is thought to be associated with tampon use. Suggestions for reducing the risk of TSS include changing tampons regularly and using pads instead of tampons overnight. 9. It's a big client. So no mucking about. Let's all bring our A games. B games? not today. hammer sth down I. to reduce prices or costs by a large amount: Government policies designed to help consumers by hammering down the price of cars also played their part in the company's plans to axe 2,000 jobs. II. To use a hammer to fix something in place and/or make it even with the area around it. Hey, hammer down these tiles before someone trips! to pound something down even with the surrounding surface. Hammer all the nails down so that none of them will catch on someone's shoe. Hammer down all these nails! hammer down = bucket down 倾盆大雨, 瓢泼大雨: When it's raining rather harshly, making a loud noise and generally being rather wet. Cor, it's hammering down a bit outside! The rain was hammering against 敲打着窗户 the window. Hail was hammering down onto the roof.
white fragility, straight fragility, straight fragility: fragility [frəˈdʒɪlɪti] I. the quality of being easily broken or damaged. the quality of being easily damaged or broken: A deficiency of copper can cause increased bone fragility. The fragility of donor hearts, livers and other organs means they are usually transported by air. "osteoporosis is characterized by bone fragility". II. the quality of being delicate or vulnerable. the quality of being easily harmed or destroyed: The collapse of the bank is an ominous reminder of the fragility of the world's banking system. The latest violence has underlined the fragility of the region's security. "a film about the fragility of relationships 关系的脆弱, 不堪一击". white fragility [frəˈdʒɪlɪti] the tendency among members of the dominant white cultural group to have a defensive, wounded, angry, or dismissive response to evidence of racism. An academic with experience in diversity training, DiAngelo coined the term "white fragility" in 2011 to describe any defensive instincts or reactions that a white person experiences when questioned about race or made to consider their own race. In White Fragility, DiAngelo views racism in the United States as systemic and often perpetuated unconsciously by individuals. She recommends against viewing racism as committed intentionally by "bad people". Fragile Heterosexuality = straight fragility Someone who has a fragile heterosexuality believes that hanging around, talking, and or experiencing anything that is gay would convert them/associate them with being gay. Hence the name fragile heterosexuality, because it's easy to break. For Example: Someone who would have a strong heterosexuality would be able to indulge in gay jokes, gay media, and or experience a gay moment without fear of becoming gay, because they know they are straight. Someone who has fragile heterosexuality would avoid the situation as a whole or be homophobic when confronted in fear of that conversion. A common trend with people with fragile heterosexuality is that they think every gay person is out to get them. That any gay person they meet will have a crush on them. This begs the question; are they really misinformed/raised that way, or are they in the closet. Example1: Alex: Hey want to watch that show called queer eye, it's just a bunch of dudes helping people out through tough times. John: Nah I don't watch that kind of stuff. Alex: Like heartfelt life turn arounds and stuff? John: no, not that, just the name, and those people you know. I don't watch that stuff. Alex: How fragile can someone's Hetero sexuality be. Example2: Rory: Yo bro we can get some extra community hours by helping out at the gay veterans event. Lee: No dude, I'm not going there to be associated with that crowd. Let's do something else. Rory: What? Is your heterosexuality fragile? Example3: Liz: Hey do you want to talk about it, I didn't mean to bump you. Sarah: What are you going to do, make out with me? Liz: No, I'm just trying to help. What a fragile heterosexuality. straight fragility (from real housewifes of organe county): "How dare I not know your straight fragility when I'm purchasing something?" Bergener asked during a group dinner, according to Page Six. "My straight fragility?" Dubrow replied. "I have a couple of gay children. Don't tell me that I have straight fragility." In this particular instance, it sounds as if the cards as a gift were a little too inappropriate for a teenager, regardless of having anything to do with LGBTQ+ themes, and especially as a gift coming from an adult. So accusing Dubrow of straight fragility probably doesn't apply in this scenario, but it does provide an opportunity to talk about what straight fragility actually entails, and when it can be a problem. A perfect example is actually a timely one, with Texas looking to ban hundreds of books from public schools and public libraries, many with LGBTQ+ themes. These books often aren't any more sexually explicit than books featuring straight characters, who may or may not engage in relationships or romance over the course of the story, but the mere existence of LGBTQ+ identities causes some pearl-clutching to want them gone. It's a double standard, often born out of 多来自于 the baseless fear that exposure to queer things will make someone queer. It can also overlap with fragile masculinity, in cases where straight men feel the need to constantly express that they aren't gay, or are too afraid to engage in things that seem "feminine" or get too close to members of the same sex. (And of course the same can be said for straight women who act similarly afraid of being seen as gay, although the parameters generally shift in that scenario.) Again, straight fragility doesn't seem to be the issue in the case of these Orange County Housewives duking it out over a card game so explicit that they had to bleep out the content on air. But that doesn't mean it isn't a problem that is frequently overlooked or dismissed, especially when perpetrated by people who don't consider themselves homophobic.
