用法学习: 1. A viceroy [ˈvaɪsrɔɪ](In former times, a viceroy was the person who ruled a colony on behalf of his king, queen, or government. someone chosen by a king or queen to rule another country. ) is an official who runs a polity ( polity ['pɑləti] 政体 a society that is organized in a political way and that has its own form of government. A polity is an organized society, such as a nation, city, or church, together with its government and administration. ...the role of religious belief in a democratic polity. ) in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roy, meaning "king". A viceroy's territory may be called a viceroyalty, though this term is not always applied. The adjective form is viceregal( mainly Australian and New Zealand of or relating to a governor or governor general. Promotional brochures published early last year, and seen by the ABC, claimed vice-regal and government endorsement of the program. Mr Hartley titled the program "The Governor-General's Australian Future Leaders Programme" and asserted to potential supporters that it would complement "the government's economic recovery plan to catalyse societal cohesion and fairness". Another promotional document seen by the ABC, also issued early last year, states the program is "championed by federal government with supporting funding". ), less often viceroyal. The term vicereine [ˌvaɪsˈreɪn] is sometimes used to indicate a female viceroy suo jure, although viceroy can serve as a gender-neutral term. Vicereine is more commonly used to indicate a viceroy's wife. The term has occasionally been applied to the governors-general of the Commonwealth realms, who are viceregal representatives of the monarch. Viceroy is a form of royal appointment rather than noble rank. An individual viceroy often also held a noble title, however, such as Bernardo de Gálvez, 1st Viscount of Galveston who was also Viceroy of New Spain. 2. undertake I. To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.). When you undertake a task or job (analysis, assessment, investigation, program, project, research, review, study, survey, task), you start doing it and accept responsibility for it. to agree to be responsible for a job or a project and do it. The court will undertake a serious examination of the case. It is one of the largest dam projects ever undertaken. She undertook the arduous task of monitoring the elections. II. To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.). If you undertake to do something, you promise that you will do it. to promise to do something. to contract to or commit oneself to (something) or (to do something) to undertake a job, to undertake to deliver the goods. undertake to do something 答应做某事: State senators undertook to use federal funds for improving schools. To join the club, you have to undertake to buy a minimum of six books a year. He undertook to edit the text himself. Treasury Deputy Secretary Maryanne Mrakovcic confirmed that the foundation made the application for DGR specific listing on April 27, just weeks after it was formally established. "We did seek further information from the applicant in May, including things like a copy of the foundation's constitution … and then essentially we undertook a costing, and then the process basically went through the cabinet process associated with MYEFO". costing (US: costs) 花销, 花费, 费用 [mainly British, business] A costing is an estimate of all the costs involved in a project or a business venture. calculation of the expected cost of a plan, business proposal etc We'll put together a proposal, including detailed costings, free of charge. III. 内线超车. to go past another vehicle from a lane inside them I'm forever reading about how cyclists shouldn't undertake HGVs, and that's certainly valid. 3. surmise verb. 猜测 (speculate, conjecture, hypothesize) to guess something, without having much or any proof. If you surmise that something is true, you guess it from the available evidence, although you do not know for certain. There's so little to go on, we can only surmise what happened. He surmised that he had discovered one of the illegal streets. The police surmise (that) the robbers have fled the country. After his last episode, Stewart was criticized for his "super-woke" views on race but he appeared to double down on his latest episode where he discussed race with author Isabel Wilkerson. Stewart parroted Wilkerson's ideas that America was built with a racial hierarchy caste system that we still operate within, today. "It was designed, it was purposeful 别有用心的, which makes it...the cruelty of it, our country is that much more culpable," Stewart surmised. noun. If you say that a particular conclusion is surmise, you mean that it is a guess based on the available evidence and you do not know for certain that it is true. It is mere surmise that Bosch had Brant's poem in mind when doing this painting. His surmise proved correct. disaffect to cause to lose loyalty or affection; alienate. to alienate someone; to make someone dissatisfied We no longer wish you to disaffect those who are remaining and who earnestly and sincerely wish to serve Kenya for very many years ahead. disaffected [ˌdɪsəˈfektəd] 不满意的, 不高兴的, 不满的 a disaffected member of a group or organization no longer feels any loyalty toward it. Disaffected people no longer fully support something such as an organization or political ideal which they previously supported. He attracts disaffected voters. Environmental issues provided a rallying point for people disaffected with the government. In 2003, he wrote he was no longer able to support the American conservative movement, as he was disaffected with the Republican Party's continued rightward shift towards social conservatism on social issues during the George W. Bush era. retool I. intransitive/transitive to replace the tools, equipment, or machines in a factory with different or more modern ones. If the machines in a factory or the items of equipment used by a firm are retooled, they are replaced or changed so that they can do new tasks. Each time the product changes, the machines have to be retooled. Retooling, or recasting new toy moulds, is a slow and expensive process. II. transitive American informal to organize something in a different way in order to improve it. He hopes to launch his retooled 改版的 presidential campaign next week. He went on to host You Wrote It, You Watch It (1992–1993) and then The Jon Stewart Show (1993–1995), both on MTV, until The Jon Stewart Show was retooled, dropped by the network and moved to syndication. 4. to (one's) bootstraps (to the bone, to the marrow) Through and through; thoroughly; in every manner or respect. The fellow is stubborn to his bootstraps; he won't even listen to my plan the whole way through! Though he grew up in America, Henry is still a Brit to his bootstraps. If someone has a particular characteristic to their bootstraps, that characteristic is very strong in them. Note: Bootstraps are straps attached to a boot which you use for pulling it on. The novel's hero is honourable to his bootstraps. Sir Robert Menzies was British to the bootstraps. eight/forty ways from Sunday 彻彻底底的 Thoroughly or completely; in every possible way; from every conceivable angle. Everyone had their money on the reigning champion, but he was beaten eight ways from Sunday by the newcomer. We researched the case eight ways from Sunday, but there didn't seem to be any way that we could win with the evidence at hand. pussy out rude slang To refuse or avoid doing something, especially something dangerous, because one feels apprehensive about it. The phrase is usually used mockingly. Come on, man, don't pussy out on me now! There's no way we'll get caught! be (a) party to (something) 介入, 卷进来, 参与 To be involved in something, often something clandestine. I refuse to be a party to your schemes any longer! refuse to budge an inch 拒不接受, 顽固 I. To refuse to move from one's spot. The child sat down in the middle of the grocery store and refused to budge an inch. II. To refuse to alter or shift one's position, opinion, attitude, etc. My brother refuses to budge an inch once he gets an idea in his head, so don't bother trying to reason with him. If you keep refusing to budge an inch, you might find that the other side stops trying to negotiate with you altogether. 5. predilection [ˌpriːdɪˈlekʃ(ə)n] 癖好, 偏好 a feeling that you like something, especially something a little unusual. If you have a predilection for something, you have a strong liking for it. ...his predilection for fast cars and fast horses. a predilection for silly love songs. In 2001, Ritter twice arranged to meet people who claimed online to be underage girls but who turned out to be undercover police in Colonie, N.Y. The charges were eventually dismissed and the case was sealed, but Pennsylvania prosecutors obtained the records and used them to try to show Ritter has a predilection for underage girls. vocabulary: A predilection is a preference for or bias toward something. If you have a predilection for wool clothing, you should take up knitting. Predilection is based on the Latin verb praediligere, or "prefer before others," which breaks down to prae, before, and diligere, "choose or love." We often use the word predilection for tendencies that people seem to have been born with, also called predispositions. If you're a night owl, you probably have a predilection for cities, while morning people tend to prefer the country. propensity [prəˈpensəti] 倾向, 爱好 a natural tendency to behave in a particular way. A propensity to do something or a propensity for something is a natural tendency that you have to behave in a particular way. Mr Bint has a propensity to put off decisions to the last minute. She hasn't reckoned on his propensity for violence. propensity to something: ways of reducing children's propensity to aggression. propensity for something: Their propensity for violence is virtually limitless. Mr Iddles told the inquest Father O'Keeffe was responsible for sexual assaults on young boys, many of whom had relayed his propensity for violence. vocabulary: A propensity is a natural tendency to behave in a certain way. We all have propensities — things we tend to do. Dogs have a propensity to bark, and many people have a propensity for getting annoyed by it. If you have a propensity for something, then it's something that comes naturally to you or something you just do a lot. Some people have a propensity to laugh. Other people have a propensity for making others laugh, or for being generous, or for getting angry. It's hard to change your propensities. Sometimes a propensity is a bad thing, as in a criminal with a propensity for theft or murder.
The Problem With Jon Stewart - How painfully, cringingly super-woke must a comedian get to stay relevant? 1. ameliorate [əˈmiliəˌreɪt] 改善 to improve something, or to make it less severe. If someone or something ameliorates a situation, they make it better or easier in some way. Nothing can be done to ameliorate the situation. He expected me to do something to ameliorate his depression. ...a demand for amelioration of conditions. It requires Stewart to ignore the countless whites (often Jewish) who risked and gave their lives in the Civil Rights Movement. It requires him to erase the greatest president in American history. This glib dismissal of all white Americans throughout history, even those who risked everything to expand equality, is, when you come to think about it, obscene. Stewart's claim that whites never tried to ameliorate black suffering until now requires him to dismiss over $19 trillion of public funds spent in the long War on Poverty, focused especially on black Americans. glib: [disapproval] I. If you describe what someone says as glib, you disapprove of it because it implies that something is simple or easy, or that there are no problems involved, when this is not the case. a glib person speaks easily and confidently. This word shows that you do not trust the person or what they are saying His opponents say he is glib and deceitful. ...the glib talk of 'past misery'. Mr. Lewis takes an insufferably glib attitude toward it all. We talk glibly of equality of opportunity. II. a glib remark is made without careful thought and suggests that a situation is better or simpler than it really is glib answers/explanations. glib-tongued 能说会道的 artfully persuasive in speech; "a glib tongue"; "a smooth-tongued hypocrite". 2. erasure [ɪˈreɪʒər] 一笔抹去, 一笔勾销 I. the removal of writing, data or recorded material. Any cancellations, erasures and additions have to be authenticated by full signature of the parties. II. the complete removal of something. The erasure of something is the removal, loss, or destruction of it. ...a further erasure 消除 of the U.K.'s thin manufacturing base. ...the final and cataclysmic erasure 消亡 of all the remaining dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Silences and erasures in historical narratives expose the subjective biases of historians. 3. straw man = man of straw 替身, 挡枪的 I. someone or something that is criticized or attacked but is not really important, powerful, or bad. a person used as a cover for some dubious plan or enterprise; front man. II. a person who cannot be relied upon to honour his or her financial commitments, esp because of limited resources. verb. 偷换概念. To falsely attribute an insubstantial argument (a straw man argument) to another through direct declaration or indirect implication; to put words in someone's mouth. Person A: "Cats have claws." Person B: "Not all cats have claws: some are declawed." Person A: "Don't straw man me; I never said all." He then equated formal legal segregation with voluntary residential segregation, as if Jim Crow were still in force. And he straw-manned the countering argument thus: white America believes that African-Americans are "solely responsible for their community's struggles." 4. preen [prin] I. if a bird or animal preens or preens itself 梳理羽毛, it cleans and arranges its feathers or fur with its beak or tongue. When birds preen their feathers, they clean them and arrange them neatly using their beaks. Rare birds preen themselves right in front of your camera. II. [disapproval] to spend a lot of time trying to make yourself look more attractive by arranging your hair, putting on make up, etc. If someone preens themselves 梳妆打扮, they spend a lot of time making themselves look neat and attractive; used especially if you want to show that you disapprove of this behaviour or that you find it ridiculous and amusing. 50% of men under 35 spend at least 20 minutes preening themselves every morning. Bill preened his beard. III. [disapproval] to feel very proud or satisfied with something that you have done. If someone preens, they think in a pleased way about how attractive, clever, or good at something they are. She stood preening 沾沾自喜, 得意洋洋 in their midst, delighted with the attention. He preened himself on the praise he had received. ...a preening prize fighter about to enter a ring. It's much more complex than that. And it's that complexity that some of us are insisting on — and that Stewart wants to dismiss out of hand 嗤之以鼻 in favor of his own Manichean moral preening. His final peroration ended thus: "America has always prioritized white comfort over black survival." dismiss/reject (someone or something) out of hand 直接拒绝, 想都不想就拒绝 I. To reject, deny, or refuse to listen to someone or something right away, without due discussion or consideration. If you dismiss or reject something out of hand, you do so immediately and do not consider believing or accepting it. I initially dismissed the idea out of hand. She's so stubborn that she just dismissed my suggestion out of hand. We'd like to try some alternative treatments. They're a bit unconventional, but please don't dismiss them out of hand. The police dismissed me out of hand when I went to report the crime. II. 直接开除. To terminate someone's employment without due discussion or consideration. The company dismissed him out of hand when it came to light that he had been accepting bribes. The senator dismissed her aide out of hand for what she said to the press. reject out of hand I. To dismiss, deny, or refuse someone or something immediately and without due discussion or consideration. She's so stubborn that she just rejected my suggestion out of hand. We'd like to try some alternative treatments. They're a bit unconventional, but please don't reject them out of hand. The company rejected me out of hand because I didn't have any prior experience as a baker. II. To refuse to accept someone as a friend, relative, or loved one without due discussion or consideration. My grandmother rejected me out of hand when I came out as gay. If someone rejects you out of hand as their friend just because of what you believe in, then that person wasn't a real friend to begin with. (one) can whistle for it 不给 A phrase used to indicate the intent to withhold something from someone. If you tell someone that they can whistle for something, you are telling them rudely that you will not give it to them. And if he wants a pay-rise, as far as I'm concerned, he can whistle for it! Note: There was an old superstition among sailors that they could make the wind blow by whistling. After the way she treated me yesterday, I refuse to do her laundry anymore—she can whistle for it from now on! Yep, I decide who gets the promotion, and you lazy lot can whistle for it. I wouldn't want any of you joining my team! Tell them they can whistle for it! The report will be done when I'm good and ready. Manichean [ˌmænɪˈkiən] = Manichee [ˈmænɪˌki] ( Manichaeism ([ˌmænɪˈkiːɪzəm]) was a major religion founded in the 3rd century AD by the Parthian prophet Mani (c. 216–274 AD), in the Sasanian Empire. Manichaeism was quickly successful and spread far through the Aramaic-speaking regions. It thrived between the third and seventh centuries, and at its height was one of the most widespread religions in the world. Manichaean churches and scriptures existed as far east as China and as far west as the Roman Empire. An adherent of Manichaeism was called a Manichaean or Manichean, or Manichee, especially in older sources. To be Manichean is to follow the philosophy of Manichaeism, which is an old religion that breaks everything down into good or evil. It also means "duality," so if your thinking is Manichean, you see things in black and white. Manichean comes from the word Mani, which is the name of an apostle who lived in Mesopotamia in the 240's, who taught a universal religion based on what we now call dualism. If you believe in the Manichean idea of dualism, you tend to look at things as having two sides that are opposed. To Manicheans, life can be divided neatly between good or evil, light or dark, or love and hate. When you see Manichean, think "two." dualism [djuːəlɪzəm , US duː-] 两点论, 两面性 Dualism is the state of having two main parts or aspects, or the belief that something has two main parts or aspects. He ignores the traditional Christian dualism between body and soul. ...the Gnostic dualism of good and evil struggling for supremacy.) an adherent of the dualistic religious system of Manes, a combination of Gnostic Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and various other elements, with a basic doctrine of a conflict between light and dark, matter being regarded as dark and evil. Manichaeism taught an elaborate dualistic 二元世界的 cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness. Through an ongoing process that takes place in human history, light is gradually removed from the world of matter and returned to the world of light, whence it came. Its beliefs were based on local Mesopotamian religious movements and Gnosticism. It revered Mani as the final prophet after Zoroaster, Gautama Buddha, and Jesus. peroration [ˌperəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] 陈述, 结论, 总结陈词 I. the end of a speech, in which the speaker repeats the main points. A peroration is the last part of a speech, especially the part where the speaker sums up his or her argument. II. [formal, disapproval] a long boring formal speech. If someone describes a speech as a peroration, they mean that they dislike it because they think it is very long and not worth listening to. perforated [ˈpɜfəˌreɪtəd] 有牙牙的, 有齿空的 I. containing a hole or a series of small holes in the surface. a perforated piece of cardboard. II. medical used about an organ or tube inside your body that has a small hole or cut in its surface. prorate [proʊˈreɪt] 等分, 等份, 均分 to calculate, divide, or share something pro rata 按比例等分 ( [ˌproʊ ˈreɪtə] calculated according to the individual situation. Holiday entitlement for part-time staff is calculated pro rata (=according to the number of hours worked). ). Service fees for a partial month will be prorated. thus If you say that something is thus or happens thus you mean that it is, or happens, as you have just described or as you are just about to describe. He stormed four bunkers, completely destroying them. While thus engaged he was seriously wounded. Martin helped his father dig the gardens. Thus he discovered his interest in gardening. in the way that has been mentioned, or by the method that has been mentioned The oil producers will raise prices, thus increasing their profits. 5. Denunciation [dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃ(ə)n] rallies 批斗会( At that point, it became clear that Stewart was not conducting a televised debate, but initiating a struggle session. The point of the session was not to discuss anything, but to further enforce the dogma he had pronounced. So I found myself in the equivalent of one of those workplace indoctrination seminars — in which any disagreement is regarded as a form of "hate" or "ignorance." But worse: I was in a struggle session with a live mob sitting in, cheering and jeering, which Stewart led and orchestrated. For good measure 除此之外 ( If you say that something is done for good measure, you mean that it is done in addition to a number of other things. I repeated my question for good measure. For good measure, a few details of hotels were included. ), Stewart called me a racist and told me I was not "living in the same fucking country as we are," and went on to angrily call me a "motherfucker." ), also called struggle sessions, were violent public spectacles in Maoist China, where "class enemies" of the Maoists were publicly humiliated, accused, beaten and tortured by people they were close to. Usually conducted at the workplace, classrooms and auditoriums, "students were pitted against their teachers, friends and spouses were pressured to betray one another, [and] children were manipulated into exposing their parents". Staging, scripts and agitators were prearranged by the Maoists to incite crowd support. The aim was to instill a crusading spirit among the crowd to promote the Maoist thought reform. These rallies were most popular in the mass campaigns immediately before and after the establishment of the People's Republic of China and during the Cultural Revolution. The denunciation of prominent class enemies 阶级敌人 was often conducted in public squares, and marked by large crowds who surrounded the kneeling victim, raised fists, with outbursts of hatred and accusations. 6. I'm a big boy, and smiled through these assaults, but it does strike me as astounding that someone who once insisted that he believed in good-faith debates and not circus-like theater, someone who postured as open-minded, and disdainful of silly political grandstanding, behaved this unprofessionally. Stewart's show made the old Carlson-Begala Crossfire seem like a model of substantive and elevated debate. Is there something worth salvaging from the ghastly experience? On reflection, I think so. The entire dynamic of the show mirrored, it seems to me, the dynamic of the imposition of critical race theory across our society. So when I asked Stewart to delineate ( delineate [dɪˈlɪniˌeɪt] I. 详细描述. To describe or depict with words or gestures. to describe something very exactly. If you delineate something such as an idea or situation, you describe it or define it, often in a lot of detail. Biography must to some extent delineate characters. The relationship between Church and State was delineated in a formal agreement. ...his razor-sharp delineation of ordinary life. II. to decide or show the exact limits of something. If you delineate a border, you say exactly where it is going to be. ...an agreement to delineate the border. ...differences in the delineation of the provincial borders. III. 标出来. 标记出来. To outline or mark out. to show a line or border, for example on a map. IV. To sketch out, draw or trace an outline. vocabulary: Though you pronounce it duh-LIN-ee-ate, there is a "line" in the middle of delineate. This might help you remember that to delineate is to outline and define something in detail or with an actual marking of lines and boundaries. When you create an outline for a paper it usually summarizes what you will detail later. You delineate the sections, or mark the heading lines, and when you write the details, you delineate the subject of each heading. So, to delineate is both to mark lines and to fill in the lines. Using a fence to divide properties or a carpet to claim your side of the bedroom also is a way to delineate, or mark, physical boundaries. ) "structural racism," he reflexively 条件反射似的 listed a bunch of "systems" that no longer exist: post-war redlining, the GI bill, and so on. I fumbled ( fumble [fʌmbəl] I. If you fumble for something or fumble with something, you try and reach for it or hold it in a clumsy way. She crept from the bed and fumbled for her dressing gown. He fumbled with the buttons at the neck. He fumbled his one-handed attempt to light his cigarette. II. When you are trying to say something, if you fumble for the right words 支支吾吾, you speak in a clumsy and unclear way. I fumbled for something to say. He fumbled his lines, not knowing what he was going to say. bumble around = BRIT, bumble about When someone bumbles around or bumbles about, they behave in a confused, disorganized way, making mistakes and usually not achieving anything. Most of us are novices on the computer–just bumbling about on them. bumble I. to speak in a confused way that is difficult to understand. II. to move somewhere without a clear purpose in a way that is not smooth or graceful. flounder [flaʊndər] I. If something is floundering, it has many problems and may soon fail completely. to experience difficulties and be likely to fail. The country's economy is floundering and the future is uncertain. What a pity that his career was left to flounder. The economy was floundering. II. [disapproval] If you say that someone is floundering, you are criticizing them for not making decisions or for not knowing what to say or do. to feel confused and not know what to say or do next Maureen floundered, trying to think of a response. The president is floundering, trying to get his campaign jump-started. I know that you're floundering around, trying to grasp at any straw. III. 跌跌撞撞的 If you flounder in water or mud, you move in an uncontrolled way, trying not to sink. to move with great difficulty and in an uncontrolled way. The horses were floundering in the deep snow. Three men were floundering about in the water. noun. A flounder is a flat fish that you can eat. Flounder is this fish eaten as food. Mr. Dambar had loaded his plate with stuffed flounder. ) in response, to my shame. That's what happens when you're rattled and tired and not prepped for an inquisition. But my core point is that in America in 2022, the only formal legal systems that openly advocate race discrimination are discriminating in favor of African-Americans, not against them. 7. [About 11 million Americans] live in once-redlined areas, according to the latest population data from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (2017). This population is majority-minority ( A majority-minority or minority-majority area 少数族裔占多数 is a term used to refer to a subdivision in which one or more racial, ethnic, and/or religious minorities (relative to the whole country's population) make up a majority of the local population. ) but not majority-Black, and, contrary to conventional perceptions, Black residents also do not form a plurality in these areas overall. The Black population share is approximately 28%, ranking third among the racial groups who live in formerly redlined areas, behind white and Latino or Hispanic residents. 8. So what exactly is driving the popular attachment to these ahistorical 违背历史的. 反历史的 ( not related to history; not historical. ) racial phantasms ( phantasm [ˈfænˌtæzəm] something that you imagine you see but that is not real. ), especially among wealthy white lefties like Jon Stewart? Again, I think one guest on the show was instructive. Stewart invited on, and fawned over, a woman named Lisa Bond, who runs an organization called Race2Dinner. She charges white women $2,500 per dinner to be harangued ( [həˈræŋ] to speak to someone in a loud angry way for a long time, in order to criticize them or to try to change their opinion. If someone harangues you, they try to persuade you to accept their opinions or ideas in a forceful way. An argument ensued, with various band members joining in and haranguing Simpson and his girlfriend for over two hours. noun. 长篇大论. A harangue is a long, forceful speech that someone makes to try and persuade other people to accept their opinions. ) for their racism. And if you believe, as I and the vast majority of Americans do, that racism is a pejorative generalization about a whole group of people solely because of their skin color, Lisa Bond is unequivocably a racist — and a sexist. She said the following on the air in front of Stewart: I did not come on this show to argue with another white man. That's one of the reasons we don't even engage with white men at Race2Dinner, because quite honestly if white men were going to do something about racism, you had 400 years. You could have done it. When I tried to explain that I immigrated in 1984, and that a white man in 2022 cannot possibly be held responsible for something that happened four centuries ago, she replied: "I'm going to shut you down." Stewart was enthralled ( fascinated to the exclusion of anything else. fascinated to the exclusion of anything else. The fans sat enthralled in the darkened cinema. The fans sat enthralled in the darkened cinema. ). Every single white person upholds these systems and structures of white supremacy, and we have got to talk about it. This is the poisonous heart of CRT: that white people, by virtue of merely existing, are all morally problematic and always will be. Even if all the systems have been repealed ( repeal 推翻, 废除 to state officially that a law no longer has legal authority and has ended. If the government repeals a law, it officially ends it, so that it is no longer valid. The government has just repealed the law segregating public facilities. That year was the 60th anniversary of the repeal of Prohibition. The 1938 Act was repealed and replaced by the Inheritance Act 1975. ). Even if you'd never racially discriminate yourself. Even if you spent your life fighting racism. That is why Bond called the Abolitionist ( Abolitionist [ˌæbəˈlɪʃ(ə)nɪst] 废除主义者 An abolitionist is someone who campaigns for the abolition of a particular system or practice. By 1838, the abolitionists had shamed parliament into ending slavery in British colonies. There is no need to abandon the abolitionist principles as such. ) movement indistinguishable in terms of its racism from the KKK! Why? Because whites are only ever whites. Absorb that for a moment. This foul race essentialism, this view of white Americans as a single, undifferentiated blob of hate existing through the centuries as a force for the oppression of non-whites is simply the inverse of the old racism. It's being used to make even more money for rich white people, to provide some elite whites with a weapon to destroy their career rivals, and to help build a new racial spoils system that leaves any notion of colorblindness or individual rights behind. (And the bigotry is palpable. When I spoke of the need to help a generation hobbled by absent fathers, high crime, and deep poverty, Lisa Bond responded: "Like you care about black kids." There is no ad hominem these fanatics ( fanatic [disapproval] If you describe someone as a fanatic, you disapprove of them because you consider their behaviour or opinions to be very extreme, for example in the way they support particular religious or political ideas. I am not a religious fanatic but I am a Christian.) won't stoop to.). One more thing: the trope of a malign racial force existing through history across time and space is one Jon Stewart might have once recognized before he joined the woke cult.
Jon Stewart blasts American dream as unattainable for Black people: 'Turns out to be a fallacy': Stewart and Wilkerson also discussed the problem of White "resentment" ( Kinder and Sanders defined racial resentment as "the conjunction of whites' feelings towards blacks and their support for American values, especially secularized versions of the Protestant ethic". They referred to racial resentment as "new racism", stating that it was less a belief in the innate inferiority of African Americans, but rather, the notion that they do not live up to American values like Protestant morality and a hard work ethic. Thus, the racial resentment scale's stated purpose was to identify White Americans who were "generally sympathetic" to Black Americans, or conversely, unsympathetic.) and the backlash activists receive when talking about the issue. Noting how rapidly changing demographics 人员构成 would soon make Whites a minority in American society, Stewart scoffed that even so, the American Dream would still be a fantasy for Blacks as there has "always been a redistribution of power 权力再分配 to the White elite." "The literal interpretation of the American Dream is that, it doesn't matter where you were born or how you were born or who you are, that in this country you can rise up and go beyond that. And it turns out to be a fallacy. But I wonder, you know, when we say, 'Oh, in 2040 or 2050, when the demographics change, we won't know what will happen.' I feel like we know what will happen, because it's what's happened from the very beginning. And I would say the formation of the Union, the compromise that was made with the Southern states that Black slaves would count as three-fifths, but they can't vote, but you can count them, there has always been a redistribution of power to the White elite." The pair blasted the media as contributing to racial bias by giving "skewed" portrayals of Blacks to American audiences. The liberals agreed at the end of the interview that unless America "humbled" itself to dismantle the idea of American "exceptionalism," we could never accept and atone for our racism against Blacks. Andrew Sullivan, a guest from the Stewart's show the previous week, responded to Stewart's claims about race, and his attacks, in a Substack post. In the post, he explained why he felt Stewart was wrong on his claims about America being irredeemably 无可救药的, 不可救赎的 racist, by detailing examples throughout American history how we've confronted and tried to absolve ( If a report or investigation absolves someone from blame or responsibility, it formally states that he or she is not guilty or is not to blame. A police investigation yesterday absolved the police of all blame in the incident. ...the inquiry which absolved the soldiers. ) our original sin of slavery and discrimination towards Black Americans. Many white men say they feel threatened by the increasing presence and success of minorities in the workplace. As social scientists, we wondered if there is any evidence to support this perceived economic threat, a perception that can provide fertile ground for 土壤 current rounds of racist and xenophobic political messaging. Social scientists generally agree on three research findings about white men in the U.S. and the notion that they are losing their unearned but expected racial privileges. First, white men at every education level are more likely than women and non-Asian minorities to get access to higher-wage jobs. Second, while wages of average working-class people in the U.S. have stagnated 停滞, 停步不前 in recent decades, and economic insecurity has grown, earnings for middle- and upper-class jobs – which are dominated by educated whites – have soared. A third and more recent finding is that working-class white men are the group that is most racially resentful and most opposed to further immigration. This finding is based on analyses of survey data of the whole U.S. population examining both voting behavior and attitudes toward blacks and immigrants, zeroing in on President Donald Trump's core supporters and the content of his political messaging to them. This resentment probably explains why working-class whites, particularly men, are so receptive 认可, 接受度高 to President Trump's anti-immigrant and racist messages – and why he targets them. We suspected that the reception to racist and xenophobic messages might be a reflection of a growing competition between working-class whites and minority men for increasingly insecure, low-wage jobs 低薪工作.
