用法学习: 1. A marsh 草沼 (saltmarsh 盐水草沼)(saltbush any of various chenopodiaceous shrubs of the genus Atriplex that grow in alkaline desert regions. Alkali, or Alkaline, soils 盐碱地 are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate, which causes the soil to swell and difficult to clarify/settle. They derive their name from the alkali metal group of elements, to which sodium belongs, and which can induce basicity. Sometimes these soils are also referred to as alkaline sodic soils.) is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species. Marshes can often be found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They are often dominated by grasses, rushes or reeds. If woody plants are present they tend to be low-growing shrubs, and the marsh is sometimes called a carr. This form of vegetation is what differentiates marshes from other types of wetland such as swamps 树沼, which are dominated by trees, and mires 泥浆的沼泽地( wallow in the mire To remain stuck in an undesirable or negative situation due to one's unwillingness to do something to change. Jane left you six months ago—it's time to stop wallowing in the mire and get back to living your life. wallow in self-pity/despair/defeat etc to seem to enjoy being sad etc, especially because you get sympathy from other people – used to show disapproval He'd been feeling sorry for himself, wallowing in self-pity. My idea of a holiday is to stay in a five-star hotel and just wallow in luxury for a week. be mired in the past 深陷过去, 陷于过去 To be overly focused on the past, especially to the point that it interferes with one's current situation. You're just mired in the past right now. You need to move on from Tiffany and date somebody new. If you think that kind of rhetoric is effective anymore, then you're still mired in the past. be stuck in the mire To remain stuck in a situation that is not ideal or desirable and from which escape or improvement is difficult or unlikely. The company's smartphone division has been stuck in the mire for the last few years, failing to make any headway against its competitors. It's yet another piece of legislation that is now stuck in the mire because of endless political infighting. drag (one's) name through the mire To disparage one publicly, especially to the detriment of one's reputation. I'm trying to maintain a fair and respectable campaign, and Brad totally dragged my name through the mire! Don't drag my name through the mire—you're the one who messed up the budget! in the mire Ensnared or entangled in a situation that is not ideal or desirable and from which escape or improvement is difficult or unlikely. The company's smartphone division has been stuck in the mire for the last few years, failing to make any headway against its competitors. It's yet another piece of legislation that is now in the mire because of endless political infighting.), which are wetlands that have accumulated deposits of acidic peat ( a type of soil consisting of decaying plants that can also be used as fuel. Peat is decaying plant material which is found under the ground in some cool, wet regions. Peat can be added to soil to help plants grow, or can be burnt on fires instead of coal. thick layers of peat. peat bogs. bog I. 湿泥地 A bog is an area of land which is very wet and muddy. II. The bog is another name for the toilet. bog down If a plan or process bogs down or if something bogs it down, it is delayed and no progress is made. We intended from the very beginning to bog the prosecution down over who did this. The talks have bogged down over the issue of military reform. If you get bogged down in/with something, it prevents you from making progress or getting something done. But why get bogged down in legal details? Sometimes this fact is obscured because churches get so bogged down by unimportant rules. The meeting got bogged down with disputes about who was going to do what. Try not to get bogged down in unnecessary detail.). Marshes provide habitats for many kinds of invertebrates, fish, amphibians, waterfowl and aquatic mammals. In usage in the Southern United States, a bayou ([ˈbaɪ.uː, ˈbaɪ.oʊ] Houston has the nickname "Bayou City". As of 2016 "bye-you" US: [ˈbaɪ.u] is the most common pronunciation, while a few use "bye-oh" US: [ˈbaɪ.oʊ], although that pronunciation is declining.) is a body of water typically found in a flat, low-lying area. It may refer to an extremely slow-moving stream, river (often with a poorly defined shoreline), marshy lake, wetland, or creek. They typically contain brackish water highly conducive ( 利于生长的, 易生长的. If one thing is conducive to another thing, it makes the other thing likely to happen. creating a situation that helps something to happen. conducive to: Teachers need to create a classroom atmosphere that is conducive to learning. Make your bedroom as conducive to sleep as possible. Sometimes the home environment just isn't conducive to reading. ) to fish life and plankton. Bayous are commonly found in the Gulf Coast region of the southern United States, especially in the Mississippi River Delta, though they also exist elsewhere. mangrove [ˈmæŋˌɡroʊv] a tropical tree that grows beside water and has roots that begin above the ground. A mangrove or mangrove tree is a tree with roots which are above the ground and that grows along coasts or on the banks of large rivers in hot countries. a tree or shrub which grows in tidal, chiefly tropical, coastal swamps, having numerous tangled roots that grow above ground and form dense thickets. ...mangrove swamps. 2. reconcile (oneself) to (something 与自己和解 To accept or come to terms with something one must deal with, especially an undesirable, difficult, or troubling situation or set of circumstances. We had finally reconciled ourselves to a life without children, when against all odds Linda managed to become pregnant! I've reconciled myself to never truly loving my job. to grow to feel comfortable with an undesirable or challenging situation. John reconciled himself to living alone. Anne reconciled herself to having to wear glasses. take a shine to to begin to like (someone or something). If you say that someone has taken a shine to another person, you mean that he or she liked them very much at their first meeting. She really took a shine to her new neighbor. Seems to me you've taken quite a shine to Miss Richmond. cumbersome I. Something that is cumbersome is large and heavy and therefore difficult to carry, wear, or handle. large, heavy, and difficult to move or carry Modern hand-held cameras are far less cumbersome. Although the machine looks cumbersome, it is actually easy to use. ...muffled up in thick and cumbersome clothing. II. A cumbersome system or process is very complicated and inefficient. not simple, fast, or effective enough and difficult or annoying to use. a cumbersome system/process/technique. ...an old and cumbersome computer system. The proposed regulations are ill-defined and cumbersome and could be unnecessarily costly. III. cumbersome words or phrases are difficult to understand or remember because they are long or complicated The book had a very cumbersome title. clunky [ˈklʌŋki] 庞大的, 庞杂的, 笨重的 I. large, solid, and heavy in a way that is not attractive. If you describe something as clunky, you mean that it is solid, heavy, and rather awkward. ...a clunky piece of architecture. clunky furniture/shoes. II. not modern or advanced enough to be useful. clunky software. As for the many concerns raised about jobs being lost because AI will take over, that's now how Brady sees it. "It's not about replacing people, it's about supercharging them," she said. "So taking away some of that stuff that's clunky and time consuming, actually, it puts it at their fingertips and they can spend the time interacting with our customers." clucky [ˈklʌki] adj INFORMAL AUSTRALIAN I. (of a hen) sitting or ready to sit on eggs. II. (of a person) having a strong desire to have a baby. wishing to have a baby "Mum's gone clucky". III. excessively protective towards her children. 3. secular [ˈsekjʊlə(r)] 世俗的 not religious, or not connected with religion He was the first of the country's secular rulers. religious and secular matters. waste not, want not The expression waste not, want not means that if you do not use too much of something now you will have some left later when you need it. used for saying that people who do not waste things always have enough ...a nation that prides itself on its 'waste not, want not' thrift. Brass knuckles (variously referred to as knuckles, knucks, brass knucks, knucklebusters, knuckledusters, knuckle daggers, English punch, iron fist, paperweight, or a classic) are "fist-load weapons" used in hand-to-hand combat. Brass knuckles are pieces of metal shaped to fit around the knuckles. Despite their name, they are often made from other metals, plastics or carbon fibers. Designed to preserve and concentrate a punch's force by directing it toward a harder and smaller contact area, they result in increased tissue disruption, including an increased likelihood of fracturing the intended target's bones on impact. The nunchaku 双节棍 ([nʌnˈtʃækuː]) (ometimes "dual-section stick", "nunchuks ([ˈnʌntʃʌks]), "nunchucks", "chainsticks", or "chuka sticks" in English,) is a traditional Okinawan martial arts weapon consisting of two sticks (traditionally made of wood), connected to each other at their ends by a short metal chain or a rope. It is approximately n;cm (12") (sticks) and 1 inch (rope). A person who has practiced using this weapon is referred to in Japanese as nunchakuka. 4. Lane splitting is riding a bicycle or motorcycle between lanes or rows of slow moving or stopped traffic moving in the same direction. It is sometimes called whitelining, or stripe-riding. This allows riders to save time, bypassing traffic congestion, and may also be safer than stopping behind stationary vehicles. Filtering (lane filtering) or filtering forward describes moving through traffic that is stopped, such as at a red traffic light. wild-eyed 眼漏凶光的 (of a person or animal) having an expression of panic or desperation in their eyes. having an expression in the eyes of fear, anger, panic (= fear that prevents reasonable thought and action), or insanity (= serious mental illness): His specialty seemed to be playing wild-eyed, deranged characters. Blood was trickling down the horse's neck and he helped lead the wild-eyed animal back to the stables. wide-eyed I. If you describe someone as wide-eyed, you mean that they are inexperienced and innocent, and may be easily impressed. Her wide-eyed innocence soon exposes the pretensions of the art world. ...a wide-eyed boy ready to explore. II. If you describe someone as wide-eyed, you mean that their eyes are more open than usual, especially because they are surprised or frightened. She is wide-eyed with astonishment. ...an expression of wide-eyed amazement. Trevor was staring wide-eyed at me. Endometriosis 子宫内膜异位 is a disease of the female reproductive system in which cells similar to those in the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grow outside the uterus. Lesions ( I. an area of damaged skin. A more usual word is wound. A lesion is an injury or wound to someone's body. ...skin lesions. ...a lesion of the spinal cord. II. a damaged part of an organ, such as the brain or the lungs. spinal lesions. can be found on ovaries, fallopian tubes, tissue around the uterus and ovaries (peritoneum), intestines, bladder, and diaphragm; it may also occur in other parts of the body. 5. that's rich (coming from him/you etc) British English spoken used to say that what someone has said is unreasonable and that they are criticizing you for doing something that they do themselves He accused me of being dishonest, which was a bit rich coming from him. drop/fall into someone's lap 天上掉下来, 天上掉馅饼 to come to a person suddenly in an unexpected way even though he or she did not try to get it This wonderful new job just fell into my lap when I was least expecting it! When a liquor licence 卖酒证( liqueur [lɪˈkjʊr] 饭后甜酒 I. a sweet strong alcoholic drink that you have at the end of a meal. A liqueur is a strong alcoholic drink with a sweet taste. You drink it after a meal. ...liqueurs such as Grand Marnier and Kirsch. ...small glasses of liqueur. A liqueur is a glass of liqueur. 'What about a liqueur with your coffee?' suggested the waitress. II. 酒心巧克力. Liqueurs are a type of chocolate. They contain a sweet substance that has the flavour of an alcoholic liqueur. ...two boxes of liqueurs. ) isn't required? A liquor licence is required to sell alcohol in most situations, however there are some circumstances when a licence is not needed. chipper 高兴, 兴高采烈的 adj. marked by or being in sprightly good humor and health. upbeat, cheerful, and high-spirited, especially in an outward way. Chipper means cheerful and lively. Chipper is used to describe someone's overall mood or attitude, or their actions. He looked unusually chipper this morning. Why are you in such a chipper mood? echelon [ˈeʃəˌlɑn] I. one of the levels of status or authority in an organization, or the people in that level. An echelon in an organization or society is a level or rank in it. ...the lower echelons of society. upper/lower echelons: the upper echelons of power. II. an arrangement of soldiers, ships, or aircraft in which each one is slightly to the right or left of the one in front. An echelon is a military formation in which soldiers, vehicles, ships, or aircraft follow each other but are spaced out sideways so that they can see ahead. Nor should one charity providing services only to three areas have such influence at the uppermost echelons of government 最高政府机构. Organisations in which there are lawyers and experienced newsmen and links to the highest echelons of government. Even in the upper echelons of government few have the power to save thousands of lives by championing one policy over another. Over the past three years he has uncovered corruption and malpractice in the highest echelons of power 最高权力机关. There will be more subtle signals - decipherable only by those close to the top echelons of power and diplomacy. 6. look/search high and low 搜遍了, 找遍了, 到处找了 to try to find someone or something by looking everywhere. If you say that you looked high and low for something, you are emphasizing that you looked for it in every place that you could think of. We looked high and low for Sandy but couldn't find her. head-butt 用头撞 to hit someone with your head. If someone head-butts you, they hit you with the top of their head. He was said to have head-butted one police officer and stamped on another's hand. The cuts on Colin's head could only have been made by head-butts. headbang I. (intransitive) slang. to nod one's head violently to the beat of loud rock music. Harry Styles looked thrilled after two fans swindled him into answering a racy joke at his second Gold Coast show as he continues to perform on the Australian leg of Love On Tour gigs. The girls explained that they bumped heads 撞到头 头撞到一起 with so much force while headbanging along to the song Satellite that Lily broke her nose. headbanger I. someone who likes loud rock music. II. an insulting word for someone who you think is crazy. Head banging, head rolling, and body rocking 摇头晃脑的 are all common rhythmic habits (as is thumb sucking). Many theories have been put forward to explain them. Perhaps the rocking and even the head banging provide a form of pleasure related to the movement. This joy in movement is called our kinesthetic drive. Headbanging 摇头 is the action of violently shaking one's head in rhythm with music. It is common in the contemporary rock, punk and heavy metal music genres, where headbanging is often used by musicians on stage. critique [krɪˈtik] 批评, 评头论足 verb. to express your opinion about something after examining and judging it carefully and in detail. noun. a careful written examination of a subject that includes the writer's opinions. A critique is a written examination and judgment of a situation or of a person's work or ideas. She had brought a book, a feminist critique of Victorian lady novelists. ...the Marxist critique of capitalism. a radical critique of globalization. 7. come up with the goods = deliver the goods to produce what is wanted. If you deliver the goods or come up with the goods, you do what is expected or required of you: What they promise sounds impressive enough - let's see if they come up with the goods. As long as I deliver the goods, my boss is very happy. not to be sneezed at = nothing to sneeze at 不是小数字, 不可嗤之以鼻, 不可小觑, 不可小看, 不可小瞧, 不容小觑 If you say that something, especially an amount of money, is not to be sneezed at, you mean that it is a large enough amount to be worth having: Their music may not be worthy of radio time, but it's nothing to sneeze at. Well, a five percent pay increase means an extra $700 a year, which is not to be sneezed at! a king's ransom a large amount of money. Something that is decent, acceptable, or worthwhile. That diamond necklace must have cost a king's ransom. sneeze on the truth (idiomatic, humorous, rare) To sneeze just after somebody says something, superstitiously believed to verify or validate their statement. no mean feat A laudable triumph of great difficulty; no small feat. Getting the job finished in under a week was no mean feat. onerous [ˈəʊn(ə)rəs,ˈɒn(ə)rəs] adj. (of a task or responsibility) involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty. something that is onerous is something that you dislike or worry about because it is very difficult to deal with. If you describe a task as onerous, you dislike having to do it because you find it difficult or unpleasant. ...parents who have had the onerous task of bringing up a very difficult child. an onerous responsibility/job. "he found his duties increasingly onerous". When their heavily pregnant mother, Maggie (Toni Collette), must take a rest owing to a recommendation by her doctor as a consequence of Maggie's high blood pressure, Thomas is put in charge of Charlie. Thomas finds this task difficult and onerous. II. involving heavy obligations. "an onerous 责任重大的 lease". concerted [kənˈsɜrtəd] I. A concerted action 齐心协力的 is done by several people or groups working together. Martin Parry, author of the report, says it's time for concerted action by world leaders. II. If you make a concerted effort to do something, you try very hard to do it. He made a concerted effort to win me away from my steady, sweet but boring boyfriend. When Jackie meets Charlie, she makes a concerted effort to know and understand him, as well as to use Sign Language as a means by which to communicate with him. 8. do a bit I. To do only a small amount of something. I was only able to do a bit of cleaning before your mother called—that's why the dirty dishes are still on the table. A: "Did you write your essay?" B: "I did a bit, but I decided to take a break. II. 搞笑. To tell a joke or perform a short comic routine, especially when done in a satirically serious or sincere manner. The act of dressing up in unusual attire or reciting unpopular memes or phrases as an attempt to gain attention or be comedic in a social group setting. "What are you doing bro?" "Don't worry I'm doing a bit. It's pretty sicko mode if you ask me." The comic has such a dry sense of humor that it can sometimes be hard to tell when he's doing a bit 搞笑 or actually being serious. do your bit 尽自己的一份力 informal to do a fair share of the work, effort etc that is needed to achieve something good or important. to do what you can to help, or to do your part of what has to be done. If you do your bit, you do something that, to a small or limited extent, helps to achieve something. Marcie always tried to do her bit. We felt good knowing that we were doing our bit. Everyone should do their bit for the environment.
a fan of yours: 类似于 a friend of mine/yours. focuses on your identity as a fan in relation to him, rather than on him as the object of your fandom. a fan of you: shifts the focus toward you as the object of your fandom. 更接近于说我喜欢你. I'm a fan of Terry Pratchett, but I'd actually be more likely to say I'm a Terry Pratchett fan. Ditto for George Clooney: a George Clooney fan. 'Prior to the Wolves songstress' TikTok hiatus, Kylie Jenner shut down speculation that she and her close friend Hailey had dissed Gomez's eyebrows. "This is reaching. No shade towards Selena ever and I didn’t see her eyebrows post. You guys are making something out of nothing," the Kardashians star, 25, commented under a video of the fan theory, to which Gomez replied, "Agreed @kyliejenner. It's all unnecessary. I'm a fan of Kylie!" This is reaching 太牵强了, 太强拉硬拽了: The idea here is that someone is trying to make a connection between two ideas - and just like a physical connection sometimes it's difficult to actually connect the two things. So 'you are reaching' means that the speaker believes there is no real connection between the two ideas (an ancient picture that resembles someone as evidence of past lives). We have another common expression "That's a bit of a stretch." which expresses a similar idea. Bit of a reach It means this far-fetched, but I'll say it anyway. As such, a reach is closer to "something you can achieve because it's still within reach", though "far-fetched" fits better: Now to the Gulf. It is much too far a reach to suggest that peace is in the air, but certainly to the recent. That's the gamble we're taking. I know that's a reach. Couldn't we say -- and I don't think this is a reach to suggest this -- couldn't we say that social engineers -- liberals -- are... reach verb I. When someone or something reaches a place, they arrive there. He did not stop until he reached the door 到达. A leak was found when the train reached Ipswich. He reached Cambridge shortly before three o'clock. if something reaches someone 传来, 传过来, 传到, they receive it after it has been sent to them. if something such as a program or message reaches people, they see it or hear it The advertisement reached an audience of over 19 million. Our political message is still not reaching enough people. The money should reach your bank account within three working days. News reached him that his wife and child were safe. II. If someone or something has reached a certain stage, level, or amount 达到一种程度, 达到一种阶段, they are at that stage, level, or amount. The process of political change has reached the stage where it is irreversible. He reached the final of the US Championships. We're told the figure could reach 100,000 next year. III. If you reach somewhere 伸手够, you move your arm and hand to take or touch something. Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a small printed leaflet. I reached across the table and squeezed his hand. He reached up for an overhanging branch. IV. If you can reach something, you are able to touch it by stretching out your arm or leg. to move your hand, arm, leg, etc. toward something that you are trying to touch or pick up. reach for: He turned around and reached for the phone. reach into: Travis reached into his pocket to get his car keys. reach across: I reached across the table and took Alice's hand. Can you reach 伸手够到, 拿到 your toes with your fingertips? to manage to touch something or pick it up by stretching out your hand, arm, leg, etc. We keep the bottles up here so the children can’t reach them. She had to stand on a chair to reach the switch. V. If you try to reach someone, you try to contact them, usually by phone. Has the doctor told you how to reach him or her 找到, 联系到 in emergencies? If I see her, I'll tell her you've been trying to reach her. to succeed in talking to someone by telephone or radio I'll leave you a number where I can be reached in an emergency. VI. If something reaches a place, point, or level, it extends as far as that place, point, or level. You reach a point where medicine can‘t help. The children have reached the age when they want more privacy. ...a nightshirt which reached to his knees 达到, 够到. The water level in Lake Taihu has reached record levels. Eventually those ideas should reach the capital city. VII. When people reach an agreement or a decision, they succeed in achieving it. A meeting of agriculture ministers in Luxembourg today has so far failed to reach agreement over farm subsidies. They are meeting in Lusaka in an attempt to reach a compromise. VIII. To make an excessive effort, as in drawing a conclusion or making a joke; overreach. To strain after something. noun. I. Someone's or something's reach is the distance or limit to which they can stretch, extend, or travel. Isabelle placed a cup on the table within his reach. ...a heavyweight who possesses a longer reach and more strength. ...long-handled shears, secateurs and long-reach tree pruner. II. If a place or thing is within reach, it is possible to have it or get to it. If it is out of reach, it is not possible to have it or get to it. It is located within reach of many important Norman towns, including Bayeux. The clothes they model for this mail-order catalogue are all within easy reach of every woman. These products are normally bought and stored carefully out of reach of children. The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people.
