用法学习: 1. disillusioned 失望的 [ˌdɪsɪˈl(j)uːʒnd] adj disappointed in someone or something that one discovers to be less good than one had believed. disappointed and unhappy because of discovering the truth about something or someone that you liked or respected: He's become a disillusioned man. disillusioned with All the other teachers are thoroughly disillusioned with their colleague. "the minority groups were completely disillusioned with the party". People who are disillusioned have lost their illusions. If you are disillusioned with something, you are disappointed, because it is not as good as you had expected or thought. I've become very disillusioned with politics. He had become disillusioned because he could not find a job. This is usually meant in a negative way, as disillusioned people tend to be a little bitter. vocabulary: When you're disillusioned, you're wiser but not necessarily happier: you've learned from experience that life isn't always how you'd like it to be. Getting divorced could leave you disillusioned about marriage and love. Finding out a teacher cheated could leave you disillusioned about education. We all are disillusioned at some point, and it's usually a bit depressing. Often, ignorance really is bliss. delusional [dɪˈluː.ʒən.əl] believing things that are not true: Delusional thinking is common in schizophrenia. vocabulary: A delusional person believes things that couldn't possibly be true. If you're convinced that the microwave is attempting to control your thoughts, you are, sadly, delusional. Delusional comes from a Latin word meaning "deceiving." So delusional thinking is kind of like deceiving yourself by believing outrageous things. delusions of grandeur [disapproval] If someone has delusions of grandeur, they think and behave as if they are much more important or powerful than they really are. He suggested that we suffer delusions of grandeur as a football nation. ...mansions built by men with delusions of grandeur. illusionary [ɪˈluːʒəˌneri] = illusional adj of, pertaining to, or characterized by illusions; deceptive; misleading. not real and based on illusion (= ideas or beliefs that are not true): There is never a moment when the audience feels pulled out of the illusionary world. It may be argued that the accountability of politicians is illusionary. 2. as a matter of urgency or priority If you are going to do something as a matter of urgency or priority, you are going to do it as soon as possible, because it is important. You need to talk about it with your doctor as a matter of urgency. as a matter of course 如常的 If something is done as a matter of course, it is a usual part of the way in which things are done and is not special: Safety precautions are observed as a matter of course. To take/have a gander (A gander is a male goose. ) A glance, look. To take a look; to check or examine. to have a quick look: They all went downtown to take a gander at the new shops that had opened there. Let's take a gander at your new car, then. I love having a gander at other people's homes - it gives me ideas. Can I take a gander at your new shed, Mike? I was walking by the new restaurant on Green Street so I thought I'd take a gander at the menu. Why don't you call in and have a gander at our new kitchen? 3. culinary delight [ˈkʌlɪn(ə)ri] 美食 a food that is considered very good to eat. the culinary delights (= good food) of Beijing. My culinary skills 烹饪技术 are limited to boiling water (= I am not very good at cooking). The welcome reception offered culinary delights such as salmon, reindeer, and strawberries. The restaurants and cafes of this small town offer more culinary delights than you'd expect. Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of food preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. gourmet [ˈɡɔːmeɪ] adj. Gourmet food is nicer or more unusual or sophisticated than ordinary food, and is often more expensive. (of food) very high quality: gourmet coffee. a gourmet meal. Flavored coffee is sold at gourmet food stores and coffee shops. The couple share a love of gourmet cooking. ...a gourmet dinner. producing or serving food that is very high quality: a gourmet restaurant. a gourmet chef. noun. 美食家. A gourmet is someone who enjoys good food, and who knows a lot about food and wine. a person who knows a lot about food and cooking, and who enjoys eating high-quality food. foodie = foody 美食爱好者 a person who loves food and is very interested in different types of food: A box of these would make a lovely gift for a foodie. I am a foody, and I love cooking for myself. suitable for or relating to people who love food and are very interested in different types of food: The area is becoming known as a foodie destination. I have only recently discovered the world of foody bloggers and am enjoying it immensely. connoisseur [ˌkɒnəˈsəː] 艺术批评家, 艺术鉴赏家, 美食家 A connoisseur is someone who knows a lot about the arts, food, drink, or some other subject. a person who knows a lot about and enjoys one of the arts, or food, drink, etc. and can judge quality and skill in that subject: a wine/art connoisseur. a connoisseur of ballet/cigars. The mushrooms had the chewy, savory flavor preferred by connoisseurs. Sarah tells me you're something of an art connoisseur. ...connoisseurs of good food. a connoisseur of fine wine. This product will be marketed at connoisseurs. 3. dog box I. Australian informal a compartment in a railway carriage with no corridor. II. New Zealand informal disgrace; disfavour. be in the dogbox/doghouse 不高兴, 生气, 没好气 (dogbox is AmE, doghouse is BrE) (informal) if you are in the dogbox, somebody is annoyed with you because of something that you have done. If you are in the doghouse, someone is annoyed with you and shows their disapproval: I'm in the doghouse - I broke Sara's favourite vase this morning. other woman = another woman/the other woman 小三, 第三者 a sexual relationship with someone who is married or in a serious relationship with someone else. a woman who is romantically or sexually involved with another woman's husband or lover, especially a woman who is having an affair with a married man. She didn't want to just be the other woman, and believed he would leave his wife. I'm sure he's got another woman. He left his wife and child and moved in with the other woman. 4. when hell freezes over 永远也别想, 做梦都别想 (idiomatic, slang, informal, hyperbolic) If you say that something will happen when hell freezes over, you mean that it will never happen. Never; not in this lifetime or a time in the unforeseeably distant future; not a chance. "Will you go out with him?" "When Hell freezes over!" "When will the sun shine in Dunedin?" "When Hell freezes over!" until hell freezes over If you say that you will do something until hell freezes over, you are emphasizing that you will do it for a very long time or for ever. He says he'll sit there until hell freezes over before he'll pay them one cent. secluded [sɪˈkluː.dɪd] 僻静的 quiet, private, and not near people, roads, or buildings. A secluded place is quiet and private. We were tucked away in a secluded corner of the room. We found a secluded beach a few miles further on. a secluded beach. a secluded house in the forest. seclusive 足不出户的 preferring to be alone, away from other people: He was haughty and seclusive. They become suspicious, seclusive, introspective, spend sleepless nights, until suddenly, in the stillness of night, they perceive isolated phonemes. 5. book it I. to reserve (something) Great deal on that flight to Paris? Book it. II. move quickly. flee About to get caught somewhere you're not supposed to be? Book it. book [on] out to leave or cause to leave a hotel. "As I was walking up the stairs, I felt like someone was starting at me from behind, so turned around and stared into the darkness. I got a really bad feeling so I booked it out of there." To leave a location very quickly. to leave in a hurry; to depart very suddenly and rapidly. I'm in a hurry, so I've got to book out right now. Let's book on out of this place as soon as we can. He booked on out the back door as soon as he saw his ex-girlfriend walk into the party. I booked out of the house when I realized that I was going to be late for my appointment. "Let's book!" meaning "Let's get out of here!" ("Run away! Run away!"). booked up 预定满 I. If a hotel, restaurant, theatre, or transport service is booked up, it has no rooms, tables, or tickets left for a time or date. Some restaurants are so booked up and so elitist that who you are and who you know really does matter if you want a table. The hotel is almost full / booked out for certain dates. 以下两种情况可以用book out: The park facilities are booked OUT THROUGH March. The bouncy house is booked OUT UNTIL the last week in June. II. If someone is booked up, they have made so many arrangements that they have no more time to do things. Mr Wilson's diary is booked up for months ahead. I'm fully booked up, I couldn't possibly do it now. fully booked If an event or place is fully booked, there are no more tickets, seats, rooms, etc. available: Unfortunately the restaurant was fully booked. These tours are now fully booked until early summer. BOOK IT 跑路: Book it is an informal expression, still somewhat associated with US Black slang, often used when someone is running away from the police or some authority to avoid getting busted. It can also be used about someone trying to get somewhere in a rush, e.g., We better book it or we will miss the train, or going really fast, as an athlete. The word book as a verb has many meanings, one of which is "to record or register" something, such as officially placing a bet on the books. This sense is found as early as the 1200s. In the 1700–1800s, the meaning of book expanded to "reserving" something generally, such as a table at a restaurant, e.g., I booked it for 7:00 pm. As early as the 1700s, book it has been used to mean "study intensely," not unlike hit the books 好好学习( to study. to study hard; cram I can't go out tonight. I need to hit the books. ). book something in 预约, 预定 to arrange for something to be done for you or for another person at a particular time in the future: She booked the car in for a service. I'm getting the children's eyes tested next week — it's all booked in. book in/into (AmE: check in, check into) When you book into a hotel or when you book in, you officially state that you have arrived to stay there, usually by signing your name in a register. He was happy to book into the Royal Pavilion Hotel. Today Mahoney booked himself into one of the best hotels in Sydney. On Monday the group arrived in the town, and booked in at the Hotel Dar Cherait. in the book in all that is known and practiced in connection with a particular activity. to know every trick in the book. 6. break ground 破土动工 I. do preparatory digging or other work prior to building or planting something. to begin work on a building project: The organic market was designed by architect Hema Wells and is expected to break ground this summer. The company broke ground on the $12 million complex in June and expects to open it next August. "this tractor can break ground in the spring and throw snow in the winter". to begin digging in the ground: The dogs broke ground digging for bones buried at the site. II. break new ground: do something innovative and beneficial. to do something that has not been done before."it broke ground by holding a national convention to select its candidates last year. in a fog = in a haze 迷迷糊糊的, 一头雾水的, 脑袋昏昏的 Preoccupied, not paying attention; also, at a loss, confused. Not fully aware or alert; having one's attention clouded with something. After the accident he went about in a fog, even though he had not been injured. Millie always seems to be in a haze; she never knows what's going on. These expressions allude to fog or haze obscuring one's view 模糊视线. dazed; not paying attention to what is going on around one; not alert. Jane always seems to be in a fog. When I get up, I'm in a fog for an hour. After surgery, I was in a haze until the anesthetic wore off. I always feel like I'm in a fog when I take that medication. It's like it's hard for me to think. fog of war 战争迷雾
I. The uncertainty in situational awareness experienced by participants
in military operations. We, too, will get lost in the fog of war. The letter of recommendation could have got lost in the muddle and fog of war. This hurls us with nerve-jarring effect into the fog of war, but it's still possible to spot generic, overly contrived moments. The fog of war falls early, even before fighting has formally begun. II.(video games) The shrouded concealment of
enemy activity outside of areas observable by a player's forces. The fog of war is the uncertainty in situational awareness experienced by participants in military operations. The term seeks to capture the uncertainty regarding one's own capability, adversary capability, and adversary intent during an engagement, operation, or campaign. Military forces try to reduce the fog of war through military intelligence and friendly force tracking systems. 7. in name only 名义上罢了, 仅仅是名义上 by description but not in reality. "a college in name only". If a situation exists in name only, it is officially described that way, although that description is not completely accurate. If you say that a situation exists in name only, you mean that it does not have the status or position that it claims to have. Many of the groups exist in name only. He is commander-in-chief in name only. A large percentage of the population is Catholic, though many are so in name only. Isn't he your son-in-law? In name only. make-to-order a make-to-order manufacturing process is one in which goods are made only after receiving customer orders: A custom-made furniture business is a classic example of a make-to-order firm. If something is made to order, it is made according to someone's special requirements. The curving glass wall was made to order by Jeff Bell. ...a maker of made-to-order jewelry. make (something) to order To build, construct, or assemble something to meet one's custom measurements or needs; very well suited to someone's personal needs or desires. They make these cars to order, so they are very expensive. The dimensions of your kitchen are very irregular, so we'll have to make the countertop to order. to custom-make an item; to make an item to fit someone's specifications. The tailor made the jacket to order for me. The carpenter made the built-in bookcase to order for us. 8. see (one) coming (from) a mile away/off 看上去就好骗, 太好骗 To view one as being particularly gullible and easy to deceive, swindle, or exploit. to recognize that someone will be easy to trick or deceive You paid £500 for that! They must have seen you coming! The guys in that shop must have seen me coming a mile away, because they convinced me to buy the most expensive stuff they had. I can't believe they managed to sell you such a piece of junk. I bet they saw you coming from a mile away. To foresee, predict, or prepare for something very easily or well in advance of it actually arriving or happening. I saw this coming from a mile away—you've been working too hard for too many days in a row not to come down with a really bad flu. A: "Wow, Julie and Greg broke up." B: "Are you surprised? Everyone saw it coming a mile away. They were just so incompatible." 9. tumbleweed a plant of North America and Australia that breaks near the ground when it dies, and forms large balls that are rolled around by the wind. Tumbleweed is a plant that grows in desert areas in North America. It breaks off from its roots at the end of its life and then blows around on the ground. Etymology: From the motif in western movies where the wind blows tumbleweeds through the scene, usually to establish that the place is desolate or empty. tumbleweed moment = dead air 寂静无声, 鸦雀无声 = deafening silence (Britain, figuratively, broadcasting) A period of stony, unresponsive silence. A period of stunned silence when someone says something particularly stupid or offensive is a tumbleweed moment. crickets 一点声响皆无 Used alone or in metaphorically descriptive phrases: absolute silence; no communication. to hear crickets. Since then, I've received no response. Not a word. Just… crickets. We asked for an explanation, but all we got were crickets. hokum 胡扯, 胡言乱语 I. nonsense. This report on the causes of crime is pure hokum. "they dismissed such corporate homilies as boardroom hokum" trite, sentimental, or unrealistic situations and dialogue in a film or other work. "classic B-movie hokum". II. a film, play, or television programme that does not show life as it really is: As a whole the series was never less than watchable - hokum, perhaps, but entertaining. no-mark 平淡无奇的人, 不出奇的人, 平平常常的人 British slang an insignificant or worthless person. a person who you have no respect for: She's a spoiled little princess, he's a grubby no-mark. They can get extremely fretful if they think some no-mark is getting a promotion. skint 一文不名 having no money. If you say that you are skint, you mean that you have no money. I'm skint! Lend us a tenner. I get paid each Friday, and by Tuesday I'm always skint. I get paid each Friday, and by Tuesday I'm always skint. 10. racket I. 持续不断的噪音. A racket is a loud unpleasant noise. an unpleasant loud continuous noise: They were making such a racket outside that I couldn't get to sleep. He makes such a racket I'm afraid he disturbs the neighbours. My dream was interrupted by the most awful racket coming through the walls. The racket of drills and electric saws went on past midnight. II. You can refer to an illegal activity used to make money as a racket. a dishonest or illegal activity that makes money: He is alleged to have taken part in a racket involving bogus brokers who fleeced hundreds of investors in the US. a drugs racket. They were jailed for running a protection/prostitution racket. A smuggling racket is killing thousands of exotic birds each year. Suspicious fans exposed the racket and police arrested a man last night. a way of making a large unfair profit: Phone chat lines are a real racket 骗钱的, 圈钱的. City hall is a racket. III. = racquet A racket is an oval-shaped bat with strings across it. Rackets are used in tennis, squash, and badminton. Tennis rackets and balls are provided. IV. = racquet Rackets is a game which is similar to squash but which is played with a hard ball. extortion racket an organized illegal activity in which a person or group tries to get money from someone by using force or threats: Ten people have been arrested on charges of running an extortion racket in the town. protection racket a criminal system of taking money from people in exchange for agreeing not to hurt them or damage their property: The gang ran illegal casinos, brothels, and protection rackets. 11. be on bad terms (with someone) To be in a state of utter disagreement, dislike, or contempt with someone. My ex-husband and I wanted to part amicably, but ever since the divorce started, we have been on really bad terms. I'm on bad terms with Stephanie ever since that argument. We left on bad terms 20 years ago, haven't talked to each other ever since. be on good, bad, friendly, etc. terms (with somebody) have a good, bad, friendly, etc. relationship with somebody: He's not on very good terms with his wife's family. I'm on first-name terms with my boss now (= we call each other by our first names). smarmy informal disapproving extremely polite or helpful or showing a lot of respect in a way that is annoying or does not seem sincere. If you describe someone as smarmy, you dislike them because they are unpleasantly polite and flattering, usually because they want you to like them or to do something for them. Rick is slightly smarmy and eager to impress. She was trying to be friendly, but she just seemed smarmy and insincere. Smarmy describes someone who is overly flattering and fake. A smarmy student might tell a teacher, "You're looking even more lovely than usual today," with a big smile. Smarmy describes someone who goes way over the top trying to be suave and charming — fooling no one. A smarmy car salesman will compliment your outfit and your hair and your taste in cars, always with an unpleasant falseness. In the 1930s, smarm was a verb that described smearing the hair with pomade, which makes it look shiny and slick. Back then, smarm also meant smearing with flattery. grovelling behaving with too much respect towards someone, in order to show that you want to please them or want them to forgive you. acting obsequiously [ɒb'siːkwiəs] 谦卑的, 献媚的 in order to obtain forgiveness or favour. "his grovelling references to 'great' historians". grovelling apology: Their spokesperson went on TV to make a grovelling apology. They are grovelling sycophants. suave [swɑːv] adj Someone who is suave is charming, polite, and elegant, but may be insincere. A suave man is very polite, pleasant, and usually attractive, often in a way that is slightly false. (esp. of men) having a pleasant and charming manner that may not be sincere: He's a suave Texas-bred lawyer. He's very suave and sophisticated. He is a suave, cool and cultured man. ...the skills needed to deal suavely with a company's senior managers. vocabulary: To be suave is to be smooth, polite, and a little bit cool. Men can be suave and debonair, especially the ones riding horses on the covers of romance novels. Suave is from the Latin word suavis which means "agreeable." To be suave is still to be agreeable — a suave person knows how to work the room, and you might want to appear suave and sophisticated when you meet your sweetie's parents. Although it's an old fashioned compliment, suave has morphed into something meaning a little bit cheesy. work the room 魅力迷倒全场, hold住全场 ( to work the crowd when out-of-doors.) I. (idiomatic, of a host, hostess, or guest) To interact enthusiastically with the attendees at an event, by moving among them, greeting them, and engaging them in conversation. to talk to the people in a room to get their support, approval, etc. a politician who really knows how to work a room. As a campaigning politician, he really knew how to shake hands, kiss babies, and work the room. II. (idiomatic, of a performer or public speaker) To interact with one's audience, taking cues from its reactions and adapting one's performance or words to elicit the audience's attention and enthusiasm. III. To interact with many people at an event or function. Often, but not always, applied to business situations. At networking events, Ben totally works the room, with the goal of meeting as many people as he possibly can. At parties, my dad always works the room and chats with everyone, but I'm too shy for that. debonair [ˌdɛbəˈnɛː] 衣冠楚楚的 adj. A man who is debonair is confident, charming, and well-dressed. (especially of men) attractive, confident, and carefully dressed. confident, stylish, and charming (typically used of a man). "all the men looked debonair and handsome in white tie and tails". a debonair appearance/manner. a debonair young man. He was a handsome, debonair, death-defying racing-driver. vocabulary: Someone debonair is charming or suave. They have good manners, and they probably look good too. This French word has a fancy feel to it, and it is a fancy kind of word. Being debonair is a specific form of being charming that applies mostly to men. When you're debonair, you impress women, other men, and pretty much everyone with your manners, wit, and style. Debonair is a little bit of an old-fashioned word. Old movie stars like Cary Grant were often called debonair, but not many people are today. deportment [dɪˈpɔːtm(ə)nt] 气质, 行为举止, 仪态, 形态举止 (dressed sharp, dapper) I. British the way a person stands and walks, particularly as an element of etiquette. Your deportment is the way you behave, especially the way you walk and move. to have good/bad deportment. speech and deportment lessons. She taught deportment classes and ran a course in walking the catwalk. "poise is directly concerned with good deportment". He always looks wonderfully debonair and carries himself with such deportment. II. North American a person's behaviour or manners. the way a person behaves: Throughout the ordeal of her husband's funeral, Mrs Kennedy was a model of deportment (= behaved in a controlled and calm way). "there are team rules governing deportment on and off the field". vocabulary: Deportment has to do with how you behave and present yourself. Being polite, well-dressed, and soft-spoken shows excellent deportment. People say you shouldn't judge by appearances, but how you present yourself — your deportment — matters. How you dress, speak, look and carry yourself is all part of deportment or demeanor. If you're polite, helpful, and smile a lot, your deportment is friendly and kind. If you're constantly swearing and shouting, your deportment is negative and hostile. 12. speakeasy 非法售酒点 A speakeasy was a place where people could buy alcoholic drinks illegally in the United States between 1920 and 1933, when alcohol was forbidden. He'd take it to speakeasys and write songs in his apartment. wiki: A speakeasy, also called a blind pig or blind tiger, was an illicit establishment that sold alcoholic beverages. The term may also refer to a retro style bar that replicates aspects of historical speakeasies. Speakeasy bars came into prominence in the United States during the Prohibition era. stencil [ˈstɛnsl] 设计模型, 设计模具 a thin sheet of card, plastic, or metal with a pattern or letters cut out of it, used to produce the cut design on the surface below by the application of ink or paint through the holes. A stencil is a piece of paper, plastic, or metal which has a design cut out of it. You place the stencil on a surface and paint it so that paint goes through the holes and leaves a design on the surface. "stencil designs such as fruit". II. a design produced by a stencil. "a floral stencil around the top of the room". verb. decorate (a surface) with a stencil. If you stencil a design or if you stencil a surface with a design, you put a design on a surface using a stencil. He then stencilled the ceiling with a moon and stars motif. ...a stencilled design. "the walls had been stencilled with designs". Kelly, who was painting murals for speakeasies and trying to break into show business as a set designer, had developed a lucrative sideline of hand-made ties — and Leach volunteered to stencil on designs and sell them backstage at vaudeville houses for a cut of the action. vaudeville [vɔːdəvɪl] (= music hall in BrE) Vaudeville is a type of entertainment consisting of short acts such as comedy, singing, and dancing. Vaudeville was especially popular in the early part of the twentieth century. In 1901, he broke out of vaudeville and set his sights on Broadway. 13. branch out 扩展, 拓展, 开枝散叶, 设立分支结构 I. extend or expand one's activities or interests in a new direction. "the company is branching out into Europe". Branching out a couple of years later, the two men briefly ran their own speakeasy in Manhattan — and had an even more short-lived casino in Nevada before they were shut down by gangsters who demanded money to spare their lives. II. If a person or an organization branches out, they do something that is different from their normal activities or work. I continued studying moths, and branched out to other insects. flit
I. If you flit around or flit between one place and another, you go to
lots of places without staying for very long in any of them. to move
quickly from one place to another without stopping long She has flitted from one country to another seeking asylum. Birds flitted across the grass. Laura flits about New York hailing taxis at every opportunity. He spends his time flitting between Florence, Rome and Bologna. He flits around 花蝴蝶似的, hiding from his own shadow, hoping nobody will notice, or [worries] that his shadow may expose the image he has created for himself. II. If someone flits from one thing or situation to another 跳来跳去, they move or turn their attention from one to the other very quickly. She flits from one dance partner to another. He's prone to flit between subjects with amazing ease. III. If something such as a bird or a bat flits about, it flies quickly from one place to another. ...the parrot that flits from tree to tree. IV. If an expression flits across your face 一闪即逝, 一闪而过 or an idea flits through your mind, it is there for a short time and then goes again. He
was unable to prevent a look of interest from flitting across his
features. Images and memories of the evening flitted through her mind. The ghost of a smile flitted across her features. 14. scoundrel [ˈskaʊn.drəl] [old-fashioned, disapproval] a person, especially a man, who treats other people very badly and has no moral principles. If you refer to a man as a scoundrel, you mean that he behaves very badly toward other people, especially by cheating them or deceiving them. He was, she said, a heartless scoundrel who had stripped her of everything she owned. He is a lying scoundrel! vocabulary: A scoundrel is a person who does deliberately evil things. If your brother hides a fake mouse in your shoe and you therefore almost have a heart attack while getting dressed, you have every right to call him a scoundrel. Though the term scoundrel isn't used as much as it once was, it's the perfect way to describe someone who breaks the law, has no morals, or someone like your sneaky sibling who loves to play practical jokes. Most villains in movies and on television can be put in this category. Interestingly, though women are quite capable of equally wicked behavior, this particular term is usually reserved for men. sub I. In team games such as football, a sub is a player who is brought into a match to replace another player. short for substitute: a sports player who is used for part of a game instead of another player: One of the players was injured during the match, so a sub 替补球员 was brought on. We had a few injuries and had to use youth team kids as subs. II. A sub is the same as a submarine. III. (subs) 会员费 short for subscription: A fixed amount of money that you pay regularly in order to be a member of a club or society is called your subs. an amount of money that you pay regularly to be a member of an organization or club: Have you paid your tennis club sub yet? Subs will be raised as from next year. But listen, your subs are overdue 欠费, for this month and last. I apologise. It's just a cash flow thing. It'll sort itself out. I'm sorry to do this, Georgie, but you're out of the club. You can't do that. I'd be lost without it. I hear you... I do, but it's... it's not really fair on the others, is it? You are not throwing me out, Gideon. I think I just have. IV. short for substitute teacher 代课老师: a teacher who replaces teachers who are absent from work: A trained teacher, he found work as a sub, which fitted around his other commitments. V. short for sub-editor: a person who checks and makes changes to texts, especially for a newspaper, in order to prepare them to be published: Among the functions of a newspaper sub is to make sure that the page looks good. Brief periods on the subs desks of the London Evening Standard and the Daily Mail followed. 15. vice [vaɪs] I. 恶习. A vice is a habit which is regarded as a weakness in someone's character, but not usually as a serious fault. His only vice is to get drunk on champagne after concluding a successful piece of business. Intellectual pretension was never one of his vices. Winter earns around £48000 a year, he's single, has no expensive vices such as drink or drugs from what we can gather. II. Vice refers to criminal activities, especially those connected with pornography or prostitution. He said those convicted of offences connected with vice should be deported. III. ( = vise in AM) A vice is a tool with a pair of parts that hold an object tightly while you do work on it. day student = day pupil (UK) 走读生 a student who studies at a boarding school (= a school where students can live as well as study) but eats and sleeps at home. a student at a college or secondary school who does not reside in a facility provided by the school. Public schools in the UK are fee-charging private schools; some are also boarding schools, where children reside on the premises, although a few do have day students. State schools are for the masses, akin to American public schools, lol. It's all terribly confusing. 16. kendo [ˈkɛndəʊ] 剑道 the Japanese art of fencing with pliable bamboo staves or, sometimes, real swords: strict conventions are observed. volcanic 火山爆发似的脾气 likely to become very angry suddenly, or involving great anger: They had to deal with the actor's famously volcanic temper. They claimed to get on well despite their volcanic rows. How did you feel about Toby Wagner joining The Stitcher Society? Honestly? Volcanic. And when you and your husband returned home after the kendo class? I was still volcanic. I'm not going to hide that. I was furious with him. But please be aware that, when you're married to someone with a damaged heart, you tend not to yell at them or upset them. You're scared stiff it might bring on another attack. So whatever anger or rage I was feeling, it never surfaced. I merely went to my room. rota [roʊtə] = roster in US [mainly British] A rota is a list which gives details of the order in which different people have to do a particular job. a list of things that have to be done and of the people who will do them: a weekly rota. We have a rota which makes it clear who tidies the room on which day. ...the washing-up rota. The tea is prepared on a rota basis by the lady members. a daily/weekly rota. double bubble 双倍工资 I. (radiology) The presence of two air-filled bubbles in the abdomen, often indicating various pathological conditions. II. (aviation) A fuselage formed from two conjoined hulls. III. (mathematics) A certain meeting of spherical surfaces, relevant to the double bubble conjecture. IV. (slang) Overtime paid at twice the normal rate. It's slang for twice the normal rate. Someone working over on a Sunday and being paid 2 x their normal salary, might refer to it as double bubble. Commonplace term in the British building trade. Well, that's the last time I go to a gym. You go to the gym? We need to find out who knew Georgie was here last night. There's a rota inside, sir. Save your quads. Everyone trains with at least one partner. But, according to the rota, Georgie was here on her own. I should be on double bubble for this. I just heard. I can't believe it. Tell me, Erika, who writes up the fitness rota? I do. Why? Georgie was training on her last night. save your quads = Save Your Legs 不用跑去看了, 不用跑了 ( quads [kwɒdz] = quadriceps [kwɒdrɪseps] 大腿肌 Your quadriceps are the large muscles at the front of your thighs. Sprinters need strong quadriceps for explosive power 爆发力 but this can create an imbalance, leading to more injuries. ) is an exclamation heard across Australia whenever cricket is played and a batsman hits a boundary – it is the cry heard from team mates as there is no need for the batsman to run hence the term 'save your legs'. pull someone's leg 耍我, 逗你玩, 开玩笑 to make someone believe something that is not true as a joke. to trick or lie to someone in a playful way I panicked when he said the test was tomorrow, but then I realized he was just pulling my leg. sea legs 适应海上生活 bodily adjustment to the motion of a ship indicated especially by ability to walk steadily and by freedom from seasickness. His first hire was to bring in a proven old veteran, a respected guru, Wade Phillips, as his defensive coordinator to steady the ship while Sean got his sea legs. Broadway's latest addition already has its sea legs. There's a lot of work to do, but there's a hunger in this organization to get our sea legs again. 17. a notch on/in (someone's) belt = a notch on the belt of someone A remarkable success or achievement, especially one in a successive string, list, or tally of other such ones. The successful negotiation of the merger between the two companies was another notch on the young executive's belt. It wasn't a particularly difficult match, but the win is nevertheless a notch on the belt of the defending champion. You sold your first million-dollar house? Well, there's a notch on your belt as a realtor!. a notch on the/someone's bedpost someone that a person has sex with, not because they want a serious relationship, but because they want to have sex with as many people as possible: She's not prepared to be just another notch on the bedpost. 18. What's taht? A shinai stick. With modifications 有改动. They use it in kendo. I once shacked up with a local champion. When in Japan... CCTV? Sadly, Big Brother wasn't watching. They also found this mobile phone. I'll get onto the service provider, see what it throws up. Also find out who practices kendo around here. I'll go and speak to the victim's relatives. 19. It was my father's dream. To reach out to as many damaged hearts as possible. Start again 重说. Sorry? I know your father sacked you and that you now stand to benefit from his death. Why did he sack you, Gideon? He found out I was trying to sell the format of The Stitcher Society. I'd found an investor. She... She'd shown a lot of interest. And Georgie Tremayne? You threw her out of your club, so what had she done to upset you? I didn't kill her. If anything, I was gonna reinstate her. I mean, think about it. The more members there are, the more the club looks like a viable proposition. 20. I know that you and Harry Marx are good friends, Mr Steinem. Yeah, but it doesn't mean that he opens his filing cabinet and invites me to have a rummage. Hm. Let's hope not. Jules... I swear I never knew about this. Well, I guess you can move out now. He's not going anywhere. You can't deny a man a home. And come to think of it 细想起来, it's really good news. The village is starting to accept him. Maybe he won't need you as much, Julia. Hm? One thing I don't understand is, that mob had Toby Wagner, the most hated man in the village, at its mercy, and yet they did nothing. Not everyone's a killer, sir. Well, all the same, they had dogs, he'd hurt his leg, and yet still, he managed to escape and get to his sister's pub. And I'd like to know how he managed to do that. 21. We weren't really going to set the dogs on him. We just wanted to scare him into confessing. But then Rueben stepped in and prevented that from happening. That must have hurt, Mrs Tooms. Horribly. I'd never felt so betrayed. But then, later, when Rueben had his heart attack, I was there for him. I couldn't not be. Every day, every minute. And you did all that just for another woman to come along and take him from you? We were making things work. Caring for him had brought us back together. Until he stopped believing that Toby was guilty. And worse, started convincing people like Georgie. Toby Wagner bludgeoned my sister to death in cold blood. He lured her to a house he told her he wanted to buy. She turned up to show him around, and he killed her. That is the only truth of this. 22. Ladies and gentlemen, today is all about targets. The things you think have drifted out of reach. That you'll never be able to grab for again. Well, none of that is true. You are all highly capable people. You'll see that I've put your names on the guns solely because I want you to pick up that weapon and become its master. Or mistress. 23. That's the same paint that Mack was using when I interviewed him. Mack threatened Toby? He's a bag of tricks( a set of ingenious plans, techniques, or resources. a supply of expedient resources; stratagems. a set of special techniques or methods that someone uses in their work The album is a delightful offering with Griffin going through his bag of tricks to great effect. In their attempts to be original they have pretty well exhausted their bag of tricks. Maybe they will finally be honest with us, once they've run through their bag of tricks. "documentary, magic realism, and surrealist techniques are all included in his bag of tricks". ). Turns out he's also a private investigator. Oh. Which begs the question as to why he joined The Stitcher Society. Was it for health or business? Mack's got a room at the Steinems' pub. Get a team round there, see what you can dig up whilst I take in a spot of, er, clay pigeon shooting. 24. We'll take that, if you don't mind. I'd also like you to explain what you're doing with a murdered man's laptop. It wasn't Mack who did that. It was you. Wasn't it, Mr Steinem? Toby wouldn't take the hint 不听你的, would he? Him coming back, it ruined everything. Me and Julia were happy. Happier than we'd been in years. Until Rueben hired Mack. I don't know what you're talking about. Then why did you steal Mack's computer? To be honest, I found him creepy. He was always sneaking about, poking his nose in. I wanted to know what he was up to. Or you knew exactly what he was up to and decided to erase everything he'd found out. What, me? Pfft, no. No way. Where were you on the night Rueben Tooms was murdered? Why? Because Rueben was having an affair with your wife, Mr Steinem. Was. Was. You're also Harry Marx's only friend. He told you about Georgie's will, didn't he? Hang on a minute... Which gave you the idea to frame Toby for Georgie's murder. Then you'd kill Mack to destroy any evidence of Toby's innocence. Come on. That's a bit of a stretch, isn't it? I've already had confirmation that the bar towels used to block Mack's shotgun came from your pub. And I did all this because...? Julia would have no-one to turn to but you. You'd have your wife back, Mr Steinem. Do you know what? That is really good. I honestly really like that. Yeah. It's got legs( I. If a story in the news has legs, it will continue for a long time: This latest scandal has legs - you'll probably still be reading about it in a year's time. II. If something has legs, it can continue to exist and be successful. If an idea, plan, or activity has legs, it is likely to continue or succeed. To have endurance; to have prospects to exist or go on for a long time. The American economy still has legs. The business has legs.). Pff, makes perfect sense. Only, may I return to the original question you asked me that you wouldn't actually let me answer? Little bit rude. Where was I the night Rueben was murdered? Well... believe it or not... ( Knock on door ) ..I was with Alberta Tooms. 25. Just between you and I... how can I sell the pub without Julia finding out? You're not serious? As a heart attack. I thought Julia was your "everything"? She is. Well, she won't be for much longer. Hm? Well, can you help me or not? Mimi's found a buyer, and they're in a hurry. You're using Mimi's estate agency? I mean, could you make it any worse? Julia loathes her, and Mimi was there that night, threatening to feed Toby to the dogs. Yes, and that's why we're doing it on the sly. And now Toby's back, things are going to go to the wall ( go to the wall informal I. 撞南墙 (of a business) go out of business; fail. to be destroyed or fail. If a person or company goes to the wall, they lose all their money and their business fails. Even quite big companies are going to the wall these days. After nine months of massive losses the company finally went to the wall. "thousands of firms are expected to go to the wall this year". II. 不撞南墙不回头. support someone or something, no matter what the cost to oneself. to do everything you can to achieve something or help someone: These guys will go to the wall for you. "the tendency for poets to go to the wall for their beliefs". ), Harry. Well, get rid of Toby. Don't you think I haven't thought of that already? Well, think harder. It's all about re-educating your palate. 26. vociferous [və(ʊ)ˈsɪf(ə)rəs] in a loud and forceful manner. If you describe someone as vociferous, you mean that they speak with great energy and determination, because they want their views to be heard. He was a vociferous opponent of Conservatism. His resentment of her behaviour was becoming more vociferous. He vociferously opposed the state of emergency imposed by the government. "the country vociferously opposed the war". Vociferous people express their opinions and complaints loudly and repeatedly in speech, and vociferous demands, etc. are made repeatedly and loudly: Local activist groups have become increasingly vociferous as the volume of traffic passing through the village has increased. A vociferous opponent of gay rights, he is well-known for his right-wing views. Kyiv has vociferously denied any links to the attack and has indicated that it believes Moscow is preparing a pretext to escalate the conflict.
shotgun shell VS stun gun VS taser VS stun grenade VS pellet airgun pellet VS cluster bomb: frangible [ˈfrændʒɪbəl] 脆弱的 adj I. breakable or fragile. able to be broken into fragments; brittle or fragile. "the frangible skull of an infant". II. denoting ammunition designed to disintegrate into very small particles on impact. "frangible bullets". A cluster munition 集束弹药 is a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles. Other cluster munitions are designed to destroy runways or electric power transmission lines. Because cluster bombs release many small bomblets over a wide area, they pose risks to civilians both during attacks and afterwards. Unexploded bomblets can kill or maim civilians and/or unintended targets long after a conflict has ended, and are costly to locate and remove. This failure rate ranges from 2 percent to 40 percent or more. Incendiary cluster bombs are intended to start fires, just like conventional incendiary bombs (firebombs). They contain submunitions of white phosphorus [ˈfɒsf(ə)rəs] or napalm 汽油弹, and can be combined anti-personnel and anti-tank submunitions to hamper firefighting efforts. In urban areas they have been preceded by the use of conventional explosive bombs to fracture the roofs and walls of buildings to expose their flammable contents. A BB gun (BB弹是圆形的, pellet弹不是圆形的) is a type of air gun designed to shoot metallic spherical projectiles called BBs (not to be confused with similar-looking bearing balls), which are approximately the same size as BB-size lead birdshot used in shotguns (0.180 in or 4.6 mm in diameter). Modern BB guns usually have a smoothbore barrel with a 4.5 mm (0.177 in) caliber, and use steel balls that measure 4.3–4.4 mm (0.171–0.173 in) in diameter and 0.33–0.35 g (5.1–5.4 gr) in weight, usually zinc- or copper-plated for corrosion resistance. The term is also sometimes used to describe a pellet gun, which shoots diabolo-shaped (not spherical) lead projectiles at higher power and velocity. Although some BB guns can also shoot pellets, the reverse situation is not true: steel BB balls have greater stiffness and are not meant to be shot from pellet guns, whose barrels are typically rifled and thus can get stuck (similar to a squib load in firearms) and lead to a damage or mechanical failure within the pellet gun. 散弹 = 霰弹: A shotgun shell, shotshell, or shell 霰弹或散弹 is a type of rimmed, cylindrical (straight-walled) cartridges used specifically in shotguns, and is typically loaded with numerous small, pellet-like spherical sub-projectiles called shot, fired through a smoothbore barrel with a tapered constriction at the muzzle to regulate the extent of scattering. A shell can sometimes also contain only a single large solid projectile known as a slug (sometimes fired through a rifled slug barrel). The hull usually consists of a paper or plastic tube often covered at the base by a metallic head cover which retains a primer, and the shot charge is typically contained by a wadding/sabot inside the case. The caliber of the shotshell is known as its gauge. stun grenade = flashbang (flash grenade, thunderflash, or sound bomb) 闪光弹 a nonlethal grenade which is used to disturb the senses of enemies by its loud noise and its bright light. stun gun 电击棒, 电击枪 ( batons (or prods), cattle prods, shock collars ) a device that produces a small electric shock in order to stop an animal or human from moving temporarily, without harming them permanently. In comparison, a TASER device 泰瑟枪, 电击枪 is a long range weapon that incapacitates the target by disrupting voluntary muscular control through the motor nervous system. pellet [ˈpelɪt] I. 球状或者长条状的物质. a small hard ball or tube-shaped piece of any substance:. iron/lead/wax/plastic/paper pellets. food pellets. II. the solid waste of particular animals: rabbit/sheep pellets, 兔子粑粑, 羊粑粑蛋. III. small metal objects that are shot from some types of gun: airgun pellets. shotgun pellets. a pellet gun. airgun pellet 气枪霰弹: A pellet is a non-spherical projectile designed to be shot from an air gun, and an airgun that shoots such pellets is commonly known as a pellet gun. Air gun pellets differ from bullets and shot used in firearms in terms of the pressures encountered; airguns operate at pressures as low as 50 atmospheres, while firearms operate at thousands of atmospheres. Airguns generally use a slightly undersized projectile that is designed to obturate upon shooting so as to seal the bore, and engage the rifling; irearms have sufficient pressure to force a slightly oversized bullet to fit the bore in order to form a tight seal. Since pellets may be shot through a smoothbore barrel, they are often designed to be inherently stable, much like the Foster slugs used in smoothbore shotguns. Pellet fuels (or pellets) 颗粒燃料 are biofuels made from compressed organic matter or biomass. Pellets can be made from any one of five general categories of biomass: industrial waste and co-products, food waste, agricultural residues, energy crops, and virgin lumber. Wood pellets are the most common type of pellet fuel and are generally made from compacted sawdust and related industrial wastes from the milling of lumber, manufacture of wood products and furniture, and construction. pallet [ˈpælət] I. a flat wooden or metal surface used for moving or storing heavy goods. A pallet is a flat wooden or metal platform on which goods are stored so that they can be lifted and moved using a forklift truck. The warehouse will hold more than 90,000 pallets storing 30 million Easter eggs. II. a temporary bed of any type. palette [ˈpælət] I. 木板. 木条. a board that an artist uses for mixing paints on. A palette is a flat piece of wood or plastic on which an artist mixes paints. II. 调色板. 色盘. the particular set of colours that an artist uses. You can refer to the range of colours that are used by a particular artist or group of artists as their palette. David Fincher paints from a palette consisting almost exclusively of grey and mud brown. palate [ˈpælət] I. 味蕾. medical the inside upper part of your mouth. Your palate is the top part of the inside of your mouth. The front, harder part is your hard palate, and the back, softer part is your soft palate. II. the ability to taste and judge the flavours in food and drinks. You can refer to someone's palate as a way of talking about their ability to judge good food or drink. ...fresh pasta sauces to tempt more demanding palates. ...a discerning palate. placate [pləˈkeɪt] 消气. 平心静气. ( soothe, appease, assuage, pacify, mollify ) to stop someone feeling angry or offended by being nice to them or by giving them what they want. If you placate someone, you do or say something to make them stop feeling angry. He smiled, trying to placate me. 'I didn't mean to upset you,' Agnew said in a placating voice. Efforts to placate local government officials have thus far failed. a placating gesture. palliate [ˈpælieɪt] 减轻, 缓解 I. formal to make something bad seem less serious. II. medical to reduce the pain or other bad effects of an illness without curing it completely. palliative [ˈpæliətɪv] I. 缓解疼痛的. 缓解痛苦的. reducing the pain or other bad effects of a terminal illness (=one that cannot be cured). A palliative is a drug or medical treatment that relieves suffering without treating the cause of the suffering. II. A palliative is an action that is intended to make the effects of a problem less severe but does not actually solve the problem. The loan was a palliative, not a cure, for ever-increasing financial troubles. A scheme offered as a palliative for economic pain might harm the intended beneficiary. Hospice care 临终关怀 is a type of health care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill patient's pain and symptoms and attending to their emotional and spiritual needs at the end of life. Hospice care prioritizes comfort and quality of life by reducing pain and suffering. punnet [ˈpʌnɪt] I. a small container like a basket without a handle, in which fruit such as strawberries and raspberries used to be sold. A punnet is a small light box in which soft fruits such as strawberries or raspberries are often sold. You can also use punnet to refer to the amount of fruit that a punnet contains. ...a punnet of strawberries. II. the food contained in a punnet, or the amount that a punnet contains. wiki: A punnet is a small box or square basket for the gathering, transport and sale of fruit and vegetables, typically for small berries susceptible to bruising, spoiling and squashing that are therefore best kept in small rigid containers. Punnets serve also as a rough measure for a quantity of irregular sized fruits. palpitate [ˈpælpɪteɪt] I. if your heart palpitates, it beats faster than usual. II. mainly literary to shake slightly and quickly. firestorm I. a very large fire that is caused by bombs. II. mainly journalism a sudden expression of strong protests or criticism. Peshkov was the unfortunate pilot of an aircraft that served as the final straw for Turkey's patience. While there had been multiple incursions by Russian aircraft in Turkish airspace, and multiple warnings to desist, this Su-24 bomber would become the example for Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to show he was serious about Turkish territorial integrity. The flight and shoot-down have become the center of a political firestorm. After successfully bailing out 逃出, 跳出 of his damaged aircraft, Peshkov was killed. According to video distributed on social media by a Syrian rebel group, Turkmen freedom fighters shot at the ejected pilots as they were landing on the border between Turkey and Syria. (CNN couldn't immediately confirm the video's claim.) If the facts back up the video, they committed a war crime in their actions. Firing on an unarmed 手无寸铁的, parachuting pilot is an unmistakable violation of the law of land warfare. There have been hundreds of political and military disputes between Russia and Turkey over the years. Some have been casus belli -- justifications for possible war -- while others have contributed to strained relations. The circumstances of Peshkov's death will certainly contribute to tension between Turkey's and Russia's bellicose ( [ˈbelɪkous] 好战派的, 主战派的 someone who is bellicose enjoys fighting or arguing. ) and mercurial ( [mərˈkjuriəl] I. likely to change your mood or opinion unexpectedly. Having a volatile or lively character; quick-witted, changeable, animated. II. lively and continuously active. III. Of, or pertaining to the element mercury; containing mercury; caused by the action of mercury or quicksilver. ) leaders. We'll likely see it played out 展现 in public this week in Paris. firebomb 火箭弹 a bomb that is designed to start a fire when it explodes. Firebombing 大轰炸 is a bombing technique designed to damage a target, generally an urban area, through the use of fire, caused by incendiary devices, rather than from the blast effect of large bombs. Although simple incendiary bombs ( incendiary [ɪnˈsendiəri] I. designed for the purpose of causing a fire. an incendiary device/bomb. II. likely to cause anger or violence. incendiary statements. ) have been used to destroy buildings since the start of gunpowder warfare, World War I saw the first use of strategic bombing 战略轰炸(Carpet bombing 地毯式轰炸, also known as saturation bombing, is a large aerial bombing done in a progressive manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected area of land. The phrase evokes the image of explosions completely covering an area, in the same way that a carpet covers a floor. Carpet bombing is usually achieved by dropping many unguided bombs. The term obliteration bombing ( obliterate [əˈblɪtəreɪt] I. 摧毁. to destroy something completely. The bombing raid has obliterated whole villages. II. 擦除. to get rid of a memory, thought, or feeling from your mind. He tried to obliterate all thoughts of Mary from his mind. III. to cover something completely so that you cannot see it. The park had been obliterated beneath a layer of snow. oblique [ouˈblik] I. not expressing something directly. He issued an oblique attack on the President. an oblique reference to the war. II. not looking or pointing directly at someone or something. He was giving her oblique looks. III. 斜边的. 非平行非直角边的. neither parallel nor at right angles to a specified or implied line; slanting. "we sat on the settee oblique to the fireplace". oblivious [əˈblɪvɪəs] not aware of or concerned about what is happening around one. "She became absorbed, oblivious to the passage of time". oblivion I. 遗忘. 淡忘. 消失于无形. 遁地. 不知所踪. a situation in which someone or something has been completely forgotten. a Hollywood star who has gradually faded into oblivion. II. a state in which you do not notice what is happening around you, usually because you are sleeping or very drunk. Drinking himself into oblivion 不省人事, 人事不省, 醉醺醺的 won't solve any of his problems. ubiquitous 到处都有的, 无所不在的 [ju:ˈbɪkwɪtəs] present everywhere. Their HQ comprises miles of corridors with their ubiquitous coffee machines. omnipresent[ˌɑmniˈprezənt] able to be everywhere at the same time. ) is sometimes used to describe especially intensified bombing with the intention of destroying a city or a large part of the city. The term area bombing refers to indiscriminate bombing 无差别轰炸 of an area, and also encompasses cases of carpet bombing, including obliteration bombing. It was used in that sense especially during World War II. A rocket launcher 火箭筒 is any device that launches a rocket-propelled projectile, although the term is often used in reference to mechanisms that are portable and capable of being operated by an individual. Rocket artillery 火箭炮 is a type of artillery equipped with rocket launchers instead of conventional guns or mortars. Types of rocket artillery pieces include multiple rocket launchers. A rocket 火箭弹 is a self-propelled, unguided weapon system powered by a rocket motor. Rockets are used primarily as medium and long-range artillery systems, although historically they have also seen considerable use as air-to-ground, some use as air-to-air weapons, and even a few examples of surface-to-air devices. In military parlance, a rocket differs from a missile 导弹 primarily by lacking an active guidance system; early missiles were known as "guided rockets" or "guided missiles". Some rockets were developed as unguided systems and later upgraded to guided versions, like the GMLRS, and these generally retain the term "rocket" instead of becoming missiles. Rockets or missiles that travel underwater, like the VA-111 Shkval, are known as torpedoes no matter what their propulsion system is.) from the air to destroy the ability of the enemy to wage war. This technique makes use of small incendiary bombs (possibly delivered by a cluster bomb such as the Molotov bread basket). If a fire catches 起火, it could spread, taking in adjacent buildings that would have been largely unaffected by a high explosive bomb. This is a more effective use of the payload that a bomber could carry. The use of incendiaries alone does not generally start uncontrollable fires where the targets are roofed with nonflammable materials such as tiles or slates. The use of a mixture of bombers carrying high explosive bombs, such as the British blockbuster bombs, which blew out 炸毁 windows and roofs and exposed the interior of buildings to the incendiary bombs, are much more effective. Alternatively, a preliminary bombing with conventional bombs can be followed by subsequent attacks by incendiary carrying bombers.
