用法学习: 1. wrap up warm = put on some extra layers 穿暖和点, 多穿点衣服. 怕冷不是afraid of the cold. 而是not feel the cold. The cold doesn't bother me. beer jacket = beer coat The invisible coat you where over your tshirt/short sleeve/bare chest when walking home on a freezing night out without feeling the cold. "Aren't you cold?" "No i'm wearing my beer jacket! = I got my beer jacket. I don't really feel the cold." The ability not to feel the cold when drunk. "You must have been freezing last night walking home?" "I didn't feel it. I had my trusty beer jacket on". nippy (nipples get hard when it's cold) = chilly = a bit cold 冷飕飕的 冷死了: absolutely freezing. fucking freezing. I'm freezing my balls/tits off. 2. 欢迎你到中国: I hope you can visit China one day if you ever get a grip on Chinese. You should visit Beijing. You are welcome to visit Beijing. 你先忙吧: I'll let you get on [with it] = I'll let you crack on [with it]. What's up, man? Oh, sorry you seem a bit busy, I'll let you crack on. I'd better get on 我得忙了. I'll get out of your hair 我不烦你了, 我不打扰你了. I'll leave you in peace 我不烦你了, 我不打扰你了. I'll let you go. I won't take up any more of your time 不耽误你了, 不打扰你了. 3. "You're having a laugh 开玩笑呢吧, 搞笑呢吧" is an informal idiom in the UK that means you think something someone has said is unreasonable or unfair. For example, you might say "£500 to cut down a tree—you're having a laugh, mate!". "You're having a laugh! You were only sitting on her garden wall. What's wrong with that?" "I'm going to have to pay £500 to get my car windscreen fixed. You're having a laugh! It's not worth that much, surely?" In UK, £1,000 is commonly referred to as a grand, e.g., £4,000 would be called 4 grand, or rarely in certain dialects as a "bag" (from the rhyming slang "Bag of Sand"). In some cases, £1,000 is known as one large, i,e., £10,000 would be ten large. £2,000 has been known as an Archer, having been coined by Rik Mayall's character Alan B'stard in TV comedy The New Statesman. In recent years, many dialects have opted to use other terms for large amounts of money. £100 is commonly known as a bag £1,000 is commonly known as a rack. 4. bumpkin [ˈbʌm(p)kɪn] = country bumpkin an unsophisticated or socially awkward person from the countryside. a person from the countryside who is considered to be awkward and stupid. If you refer to someone as a bumpkin, you think they are uneducated and stupid because they come from the countryside. ...unsophisticated 天真无邪的 country bumpkins. "she thought Tom a bit of a country bumpkin". My boyfriend passed away when I was a teenager. If that hadn't happened I would have been happily married and been a country bumpkin like I was,' she said. have [got] (one's) mind in the gutter 思想不单纯, 不纯洁 (get your mind out of the gutter) slang To have or give voice to lewd, inappropriate thoughts (about someone or something). Hey, don't stay dirty stuff like that around my mother. Do you have your mind in the gutter? A: "And then she compared my model rocket to a phallus." B: "Ew, gross. She always has her mind in the gutter." tending to think of or say things that are obscene. Tiffany has her mind in the gutter. That's why she laughs at all that dirty stuff. Why do you tell so many dirty jokes? Do you always have your mind in the gutter. Thrupp previously told the Sydney Morning Herald he was upset that gossip columns in Sydney had suggested his relationship to Jones was something more. 'It was something that was obviously completely untrue. I think it's amazing how in Australia people struggle to understand that, yes, people have patrons. It's actually a very common thing.' 'It's obviously upsetting that people put their minds in the gutter ... I struggled with that because I had family members reading this stuff... They knew he had taken me under his wing and they were grateful... yet here was this reporting where it was like 'oh, there must be something going on'. 'I've moved on. You can't not be thick-skinned in this industry and city.' 5. pastel [pæstəl, US pæstel] I. Pastel colours 淡色 are pale rather than dark or bright. ...delicate pastel shades. ...pastel pink, blue, peach and green. ...pretty pastel-coloured houses. The lobby is decorated in pastels. having a pale soft colour: Their house is decorated in pastel shades. II. Pastels (粉彩) are also small sticks of different coloured chalks that are used for drawing pictures. a soft, coloured substance, usually in the form of a small stick, that is used to draw pictures, or a picture made using this: Do you like working in pastel? The show includes 85 paintings, pastels, and sculptures. ...pastels and charcoal. ...the portrait in pastels. III. A pastel (粉彩画) is a picture that has been done using pastels. ...Degas's paintings, pastels, and prints. ...a pastel by Toulouse-Lautrec. ...a pastel drawing. wiki: A pastel (US: [pæˈstɛl]) is an art medium that consist of powdered pigment and a binder. It can exist in a variety of forms, including a stick, a square, a pebble, and a pan of color, among other forms. The pigments 色素 used in pastels are similar to those used to produce some other colored visual arts media, such as oil paints; the binder is of a neutral hue and low saturation. The color effect of pastels is closer to the natural dry pigments than that of any other process. plethora [pleθərə] A plethora of something 大量的, 一大堆 is a large amount of it, especially an amount of it that is greater than you need, want, or can cope with. a very large amount of something, especially a larger amount than you need, want, or can deal with: a plethora of excuses/agencies/diet books. There's a plethora of books about the royal family. The plethora of regulations is both contradictory and confusing. A plethora of new operators will be allowed to enter the market. 6. masthead I. A ship's masthead is the highest part of its mast. II. A newspaper's masthead is the part at the top of the front page where its name appears in big letters. III. = UK imprint: A list of a newspaper or other periodical's main staff, contributing writers, publisher, circulation, advertising rates etc. We carry illustrations of these medals on our masthead. IV. = US nameplate. The title (normally in a large and distinctive font) of a newspaper or other periodical at the top of the front page; (by extension) the publication itself or the rights to it. V. The logo of a broadcaster used in an ident. Launched in May 2013, Guardian Australia (GNMA) is owned by Guardian News and Media Holdings (GNMH) which is owned by Guardian Media Group (GMG), which is the publisher of theguardian.com, a leading global English-language news masthead. The Saturday Herald Sun's readership also increased by 0.3 per cent, to 625,000, and remains the most read metropolitan Saturday masthead. hold forth 高谈阔论, 侃侃而谈 I. talk lengthily, assertively, or tediously about a subject. to talk about a particular subject for a long time, often in a way that other people find boring: hold forth about/on If you hold forth on a subject, you speak confidently and for a long time about it, especially to a group of people. Barry was holding forth on politics. She held forth all afternoon about/on government incompetence. "a famous poet was holding forth, surrounded by admiring young writers and critics". II. to offer (an attraction or enticement). put years on sb 显得老, 显老 ( take years off someone 显年轻, 显嫩, 显小) If you say that something such as an experience or a way of dressing has put years on someone, you mean that it has made them look or feel much older. If something puts years on a person, it makes them appear much older: "I always turn adversity and defeat into victories, but it's probably put ten years on me". "Her bedraggled pony-tail put years on her". "Being tired and unhappy puts years on you". Being tired and unhappy puts years on you. I always turn adversity and defeat into victories, but it's probably put ten years on me. be 10 years on someone = have 10 years on someone: "He is 10-15 years ahead of me. If the context is spending time in a company, it means he joined 10-15 years before me. If the context is of age, then definitely it means he is older than me by 10-15 years." This phrase refers to having an advantage in whatever situation is being discussed. If I'm 50 years old and weigh 160 pounds, and am attacked by someone who's about 35 years old and weighs 200, I could say "he had 15 years and 40 pounds on me." "Do a number on someone" is an American English idiom that means to manipulate, trick, or harm someone in some way. to abuse or mistreat in some way, as by injuring, disparaging, cheating, or humiliating. to injure someone or something, or to hurt or embarrass someone: I. To injure or hurt: "I really did a number on my ankle when I fell". II. To embarrass or humiliate: "She really did a number on her old boyfriend, making him beg her to come back and then turning him down". I really did a number on my ankle when I fell. She really did a number on her old boyfriend, making him beg her to come back and then turning him down. Treating people or animals badly. III. To defeat or undermine: "The committee really did a number on the mayor's proposal". IV. To criticize thoroughly: "The committee really did a number on the mayor's proposal". V. To cheat: "The Irish team are looking to do a number on England in Dublin tomorrow". Synonyms of "do a number on" include tricked, deceived, fooled, and had on. "Have someone's number 拿捏, 拿住" is an idiom that means to have an advantage over someone because you know or understand them well. to know a lot about someone and so have an advantage over them: Don't worry, I've got his number, he doesn't fool me."Don't worry, I've got his number, he doesn't fool me". have someone on 开玩笑, 玩我 informal try to make someone believe something that is untrue, especially as a joke. to persuade someone that something is true when it is not, usually as a joke: That's your new car? You're having me on! "that's just too neat—you're having me on". 7. alert I. If you are alert, you are paying full attention to things around you and are able to deal with anything that might happen. quick to see, understand, and act in a particular situation: I'm not feeling very alert today - not enough sleep last night! A couple of alert readers posted comments on the website pointing out the mistake. Parents should be alert to sudden changes in children's behaviour. We all have to stay alert. He had been spotted by an alert neighbour. The drug improved mental alertness. You sound very alert 清醒 on a Monday. You didn't have any alcohol on the weekend? II. If you are alert to something, you are fully aware of it. The bank is alert to the danger. noun. I. An alert is a situation in which people prepare themselves for something dangerous that might happen soon. Due to a security alert, this train will not be stopping at Oxford Circus. II. a warning to people to be prepared to deal with something dangerous: a bomb alert 警戒. The army was put on (full) alert as the peace talks began to fail. The public were warned to be on the alert for (= watching carefully for) suspicious packages. III. a message, for example on your mobile phone or on television or radio, that warns you or gives you information about something: You can set location-based alerts 警戒, 报警 so your phone will remind you of something important when you are arriving at or leaving a location. I get text alerts 警告信息 when I have used 80% of my mobile data. Sign up to receive news alerts in your area. verb. If you alert someone to a situation, especially a dangerous or unpleasant situation, you tell them about it. He wanted to alert people to the activities of the group. I was hoping he'd alert the police. on alert If soldiers or police are on alert, they are ready to deal with anything that may happen. Soldiers and police have been put on alert. on the alert for something If you are on the alert for something, you are ready to deal with it if it happens. They want to be on the alert for similar buying opportunities. red alert If a hospital, a police force, or a military force is on red alert, they have been warned that there may be an emergency, so they can be ready to deal with it. All the Plymouth hospitals are on red alert. Sirens sounded an end to the red alert. 8. leg-over noun VULGAR SLANG BRITISH an act or instance of having sex. "now and then he indulged in an extramarital leg-over". get your leg over (throw a leg-over) (of a man) to have sex. It's all well and good having a relationship, but at the end of the day all I want to do is get my leg over. They would say things like 'Have you got your leg over yet?'. He told me how at least two ministers had, as he put it, tried unsuccessfully to get a leg over. All he wants is a legover, hello and goodbye. 8. vociferous [və'sɪfərəs] adj. If you describe someone as vociferous, you mean that they speak with great energy and determination, because they want their views to be heard. Vociferous people express their opinions and complaints loudly and repeatedly in speech, and vociferous demands, etc. are made repeatedly and loudly: Local activist groups have become increasingly vociferous as the volume of traffic passing through the village has increased. A vociferous opponent of gay rights, he is well-known for his right-wing views. He was a vociferous opponent of Conservatism. His resentment of her behaviour was becoming more vociferous. He vociferously opposed the state of emergency imposed by the government. The former vice president of the federal Liberal Party, Teena McQueen, was vociferous in Jones' defence. go to water (informal) To give up under threat or pressure. Numerous senior Australian politicians were extremely eager over decades to be seen as close to Jones, or routinely went to water when he demanded they appear on his top-rating radio show or threatened them over decisions with which he disagreed. be in hot water = get into hot water = in deep water to be in or get into a difficult situation in which you are in danger of being criticized or punished: He found himself in hot water over his comments about immigration. 9. The sorry 可怜可悲的 ( If someone or something is in a sorry state, they are in a bad state, mentally or physically. so bad as to cause feelings of sympathy: They were a sorry sight, dressed in rags and so weak they could hardly stand up. The fire left Kuwait's oil industry in a sorry state. She is a sorry sight. They were a sorry lot. sorry sight, state, tale, etc. a bad condition or situation: He was a sorry sight when he got home - soaking and covered in mud. ) spectacle 画面, 场面, 场景 of politician after politician turning up at Jones' pad and paying tribute challenged democratic principles and shames us all. I believe they do it out of fear more than respect. The way the pollies see it, there is no real upside in opposing him. Howard, during his long period as prime minister, was keenly aware of Jones' reputation for using his radio show to wield political power. Howard sent a handwritten note to inform Jones he had appointed a senior adviser to act as a special point of contact between "your people" and the prime ministerial office. The adviser became known as "the Minister for Alan Jones". The arrangement, revealed by The Sydney Morning Herald in 2004, was established after the radio broadcaster complained that Howard's government was ignoring his correspondence. 10. 考试错误: He said around halfway through the exam, an examiner 监考老师 told students to disregard two other questions in the paper. Feedback given to the Australian Education Union from a teacher described the food and nutrition paper as "borderline disgraceful" and said there was an issue in copying over the setting examiner's copy to the actual exam paper 考卷. Teachers also described multiple issues with the chemistry paper, including the incorrect use of terms and values. Susan, a parent in southern Tasmania, said her son identified issues in both the chemistry and physics papers. She said this "rattled" him and left him nervous about his upcoming exams. "This is the culmination of 14 years of schooling for some of these kids and they placed a lot of value and a lot of pride in getting to the end of their schooling and doing a really good job," Susan said. Susan said she wanted transparency from TASC about how the incorrect questions would be graded 计分. A spokesperson for TASC said "specific marking approaches 计分方法 will be developed based on an assessment of how students have responded to the affected questions." "Realistically, [the exams] should have gone through enough rigour at the TASC end to make sure that the exam papers can be answered correctly and smoothly, and that students won't be thrown off 整懵, 懵逼, 打蒙, 晕头转向 by spelling errors or incorrect information." 11. 委屈: feel wrongly accused 冤枉 when you said I ate your chocolate. I feel so wronged (I'll kill you if you wrong my daughter), hurt one's feelings (不说 my feelings are hurt). feel unfairly treated, feel treated differently. feel victimized. Stop playing the victim.
Throw sand in gears VS throw stone: 1. people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones 也不看看自己 This means that you should not criticize other people for bad qualities in their character that you have yourself. used to say that people who have faults should not criticize other people for having the same faults. When will they learn? People in glass houses really shouldn't throw stones. Jim: You shouldn't drive so fast, Jerry! Jerry: Well, didn't you just get a speeding ticket last week? People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones! Maggie: Matt's room is always a mess. He needs to clean more often! Mom: You're room isn’t clean either, Maggie. People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. Because this proverb is so widely known, it is often shortened. Below is an example of this. Kevin: I can't believe Aaron just quit another job. Isn't that the fourth one this year? Kim: And how many jobs have you had this year? People who live in glass houses… You're room isn't clean either, Maggie. People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. 2. "Don't throw sand 惹事, 发脾气, 闹小孩脾气" is a phrase that means to avoid causing problems or preventing something from happening as it should. For example, "I don't want to give them a chance to throw sand in the gears". The phrase "throw sand" can also be used to describe the act of firing off negativity or blaming others for circumstances instead of looking for solutions. This can happen when people fall into "childish thinking" in difficult situations, which can lead to stress, conflict. 3. throw sand in the gears 扰乱, 打乱计划, 打乱行为, 找麻烦 To disrupt, delay, or cause problems to a plan, activity, or project. to cause problems or prevent something from happening as it should: He said "When mobile phone companies charge consumers fat penalties to leave, they're throwing sand in the gears of competition." We had everything in line for the party, but having the caterer cancel on us at the last minute really threw sand in the gears. It will throw sand in the gears if the board decides not to increase our funding for this project. The CEO of the massive conglomerate accused the government of maliciously throwing sand in the gears of its latest acquisition. 4. throw a (monkey) wrench [UK spanner] in(to) the works 打乱, 干扰到计划 To disrupt, foil, or cause problems to a plan, activity, or project. to cause problems for someone's plans. I don't want to throw a monkey wrench in the works, but have you checked your plans with a lawyer? When John suddenly refused to help us, he really threw a monkey wrench in the works. We had everything in line for the party, but having the caterer cancel on us at the last minute really threw a wrench in the works! It'll really throw a monkey wrench into the works if the board decides not to increase our funding for this project. Of course they may not sign the agreement by the sixteenth and that would throw a monkey wrench into the works. Note: Instead of saying the works, people often describe the situation in which the problem is caused. Most health-related problems, of course, are not life-threatening, but they can throw a wrench into an otherwise pleasant holiday. The US delegation threw a giant monkey wrench into the process this week by raising all sorts of petty objections. Note: The usual British expression is throw a spanner in the works. 5. put a spoke in (one's) wheel To disrupt, foil, or cause problems to one's plan, activity, or project. I had everything in line for the party, but having the caterer cancel on me at the last minute really put a spoke in my wheel. It will really put a spoke in our wheel if the board decides not to increase our funding for this project. You would think the rise of cheap electric cars would put a spoke in Big Oil's wheel, but they actually seem to be embracing the change. note: Spoke may be an incorrect translation from Dutch of spaak meaning 'bar' or 'stick'.
完美无瑕的, 完美无缺的: spotless (flawless), immaculate, impeccable, faultless. unblemished 毫无瑕疵的. untarnished (REPUTATION). impeccable: If you describe something such as someone's behaviour or appearance as impeccable, you are emphasizing that it is perfect and has no faults. perfect, with no problems or bad parts: impeccable taste/manners/credentials. His English is impeccable. She had impeccable taste in clothes. Her academic credentials are impeccable. He was impeccably polite. immaculate I. If you describe something as immaculate, you mean that it is extremely clean, tidy, or neat. Her front room was kept immaculate. ...the waiter, dressed in immaculate bow tie and suit. The 1979 Chevrolet is in immaculate condition. As always he was immaculately dressed. II. If you say that something is immaculate, you are emphasizing that it is perfect, without any mistakes or bad parts at all. The goalkeeper's performance was immaculate. The orchestra plays immaculately. It is difficult to praise this immaculately researched work too highly. spotless 一尘不染的 Something that is spotless is completely clean. Each morning cleaners make sure everything is spotless. Even in the most spotless homes, carpets need regular cleaning to keep them looking good. The house had huge, spotlessly clean rooms. spotless character, record, reputation, etc. a very good and honest character, etc.: He was young and confident, with a spotless reputation. If someone's behavior or reputation is spotless, it is extremely good: a spotless career.
vitriol [ˈvɪtrɪəl] VS virile [vɪraɪl; US: ˈvɪrəl] VS visceral [ˈvɪs(ə)rəl]: vitriol [ˈvɪtrɪəl] noun. I. 恶意. 恶毒的话. [disapproval] bitterly harsh or caustic language or criticism. If you refer to what someone says or writes as vitriol, you disapprove of it because it is full of bitterness and hate, and so causes a lot of distress and pain. violent hate and anger expressed through severe criticism: He is a writer who has often been criticized by the press but never before with such vitriol. The vitriol he hurled at members of the press knew no bounds. He has been no stranger to controversy and vitriol during a tumultuous political career. political commentators spewing angry vitriol. Rumor has always played a role in politics, but rarely have the backstage operatives been so adroit, and so cynical, in their use of vitriol. II. a sulfate of any of various metals (such as copper, iron, or zinc). a glassy hydrate of such a sulfate. vitriolic adjective vitriolic personal attacks. If you describe someone's language or behaviour as vitriolic, you disapprove of it because it is full of bitterness and hate, and so causes a lot of distress and pain. There was a vicious and vitriolic attack on him in one of the Sunday newspapers two weeks ago. a vitriolic debate/dispute. vocabulary: Vitriol is harsh, nasty criticism. You may have deserved some blame when the cake didn't rise, but the head chef's stream of vitriol was unnecessary. Back in the day, vitriol was the name for sulfuric acid, which burns through just about anything. So think of vitriol as language so mean-spirited and bitter that it could eat through metal: "As a divorce lawyer, you were familiar with vitriol, but nothing prepared you for the time you wore a Red Sox cap at Yankee Stadium." virile [vɪraɪl; US: ˈvɪrəl] 精力充沛, 活力满满, 有男子汉气概, 男人气的, 有男人味的 adj. [approving] I. If you describe a man as virile, you mean that he has the qualities that a man is traditionally expected to have, such as strength and sexual energy. A virile man, especially a young man, is full of sexual strength and energy in a way that is considered attractive. The ads show virile young men playing on the beach. She likes her men young and virile. He wanted his sons to become strong, virile, and athletic like himself. ...a tall, virile man with rugged good looks. virility [vɪˈrɪlɪti] 男子汉气概 (in a man) the quality of having strength, energy, and a strong sex drive; manliness. "great importance is placed on a man's virility" Children are also considered proof of a man's virility. II. Something that is described as virile is considered to be very strong and forceful. ...Prokofiev's most virile, aggressive music. ...a virile approach to difficulties. virility The strength of national electronics industries has become the new test of industrial virility. vocabulary: You'll often hear the word virile referring to a manly, powerful man, because the word means having physical strength and other typical masculine qualities. When you think of a virile man, you imagine a tough, strong guy who's full of energy, vigor, and sexual potency 性张力(Sexual tension is a common social phenomenon that occurs when two people feel sexual attraction to each other but don't act on it. It's more about the build-up to sex than the act itself.). He's definitely not a wimp. Men admire him and women want to be with him. Superman is one guy who could easily be described as virile. The Man of Steel, with his muscles rippling under the "S" emblazoned on his costume, has superhuman strength and charm. That's why Lois Lane can't keep her eyes — and hands — off him. visceral [ˈvɪs(ə)rəl] 发自内心的, 不受理智控制的. 生理性的
I. based on deep feeling and emotional reactions rather than on reason
or thought. Visceral feelings are feelings that you feel very deeply and
find it difficult to control or ignore, and that are not the result of
thought. I never overcame a visceral antipathy for the monarchy. ...the sheer visceral joy of being alive. visceral hatred/excitement 发自内心的. His approach to acting is visceral rather than intellectual. II. based on emotional reactions rather than on reason or thought: He has a visceral feel for our problems. A visceral reaction
is a powerful physical response that happens automatically without
conscious control. It can occur when we perceive something as
threatening, dangerous, joyous, or any other strong emotion. It can even
include bodily responses like increased heart rate, sweating, shaking,
and muscle tension. vocabulary: When something's visceral, you feel it in your guts. A visceral feeling is intuitive — there might not be a rational explanation, but you feel that you know what's best, like your visceral reaction against egg salad. Your hatred of mice may not be rational, but it is visceral, and every time you see one, you feel like you're going to faint. And when you had to decide whether you were going to stay in Florida or move to Texas, even though you had a good job in Orlando you had a visceral feeling that Texas would be the right choice . . . and it turned out you were meant to be a rancher! Visceral can also mean "relating to the viscera," with viscera being your organs.
