用法学习: 1. white smoke 你好我好大家都好, 达成共识 I. A way of saying that the group has reached a consensus; agreement after a debate. Based on the tradition of burning straw along with ballots to make white smoke above the Vatican when the College of Cardinals has elected a new Pope. The announcement to the outside world that a conclave has chosen a new Pope. II. An event of reaching an agreement. Sit yourselves down together until the white smoke comes out. Do not expect white smoke': Carney lowers expectations for first Trump sit-down. dazed [deɪzd] 意识不清的 very confused and unable to think clearly. confused or unable to think clearly, esp. as a result of an injury or from shock. If someone is dazed, they are confused and unable to think clearly, often because of shock or a blow to the head. At the end of the interview I was dazed and exhausted. The driver in the accident appeared dazed but not badly hurt. You're looking rather dazed - is something wrong? a dazed expression. in a daze unable to think clearly: She was wandering around in a daze this morning. She was so happy she was in a daze. haze [heɪz] 水雾, 朦胧, 模糊. 看不清 noun. something such as heat or smoke in the air that makes it less clear, so that it is difficult to see well. fog caused by water, smoke, or dust, or an effect of heat that prevents things being seen clearly. Haze is light mist, caused by particles of water or dust in the air, which prevents you from seeing distant objects clearly. Haze often forms in hot weather. They vanished into the haze near the horizon. The sun smouldered through a thin summer haze. ...the shimmering heat haze. A brownish haze hung over the field. The road through the desert shimmered in the haze. I saw her through a haze of cigarette smoke. II. If there is a haze of something such as smoke or steam, you cannot see clearly through it. Dan smiled at him through a haze of smoke and steaming coffee. A thick haze of acrid smoke hung in the air. III. If someone is in a haze, they are not thinking clearly or not really noticing what is happening around them. His mind was a haze of fear and confusion. ...asking people to recollect a vanished past through a nostalgic haze 模糊不清. verb. to play tricks on someone, especially a new person in a fraternity or sorority. to force people new to a group, esp. a sports team or college social group, to take part in activities that are silly, embarrassing, and sometimes harmful in order to be accepted as a member. Ten fraternity members had their heads shaved during hazing last week. haze over If the sky hazes over, the air becomes less clear, especially because of heat: The sky began to haze over in the afternoon. hazy I. Hazy air or weather is not clear, especially because of heat. Hazy weather conditions are those in which things are difficult to see, because of light mist, hot air, or dust. The air was thin and crisp, filled with hazy sunshine and frost. The floodlights were hazy behind the slanting rain. hazy sunshine. the hazy days of summer. II. 记不清楚的. 记忆模糊的. not remembering things clearly. If you are hazy about ideas or details, or if they are hazy, you are uncertain or confused about them. I'm a bit hazy about that. I have only a hazy memory of what he was really like. She had only a hazy idea of Britain's prison problems. Many details remain hazy. hazy memories of childhood. I'm hazy about what happened after the accident. III. If things seem hazy, you cannot see things clearly, for example because you are feeling ill. I wandered around in a hazy, distracted, anxious mess. My vision has grown so hazy. It's as if I'm living in a hazy dream world. giddy I. = dizzy 晕乎乎的.
If you feel giddy, you feel unsteady and think that you are about to
fall over, usually because you are not well. having a slight feeling of
spinning around or being unable to balance; slightly dizzy: When she got off the roller coaster, she felt giddy and lightheaded. He felt giddy and light-headed. A wave of giddiness swept over her.
II. If you feel giddy with delight or excitement, you feel so happy or
excited that you find it hard to think or act normally. feeling silly,
happy, and excited and showing this in your behaviour: giddy with 窃喜 She was giddy with excitement. Anthony
was giddy with self-satisfaction. Being there gave me a giddy pleasure.
There's almost a giddiness surrounding the talks in Houston. "Democrats are all 'giddy'" about the notion that flags will be lowered on Inauguration Day, Trump wrote Jan. 3 on social media. dizzy I. feeling as if everything is turning around, and that you are not able to balance and may fall over: Her
head still hurt, and she felt slightly dizzy and disoriented. He began
to get dizzy spells. Her head spins dizzily as soon as she sits up. His
complaint causes dizziness and nausea. Going without sleep for a long
time makes me feel dizzy and light-headed. dizzy with I felt dizzy with excitement as I went up to collect the award. II. 让人头晕目眩的 confusing and very fast: dizzy pace. In the computer industry, change comes at a dizzy pace (= very fast). Who could have predicted the dizzy pace of change in the country? III. informal
A dizzy person, especially a woman, is silly. You can use dizzy to
describe someone who is careless and forgets things, but is easy to
like. She is famed for playing dizzy blondes. ...a charmingly dizzy great-grandmother. dizzy blonde 傻白甜的. In the film, she played the part of a dizzy blonde. the dizzy heights of something a very important position: reach the dizzy heights of 爬上高位
If you say that someone has reached the dizzy heights of something, you
are emphasizing that they have reached a very high level by achieving
it. I escalated to the dizzy heights of director's secretary. Do you think Tess will reach the dizzy heights of Senior Editor before she's 30? verb. If something dizzies you, it causes you to feel unsteady or confused. The sudden height dizzied her and she clung tightly. We're descending now at dizzying speed. 2. be/go on at someone 不胜其烦, 叨叨, 叨念, 磨叨 to complain to someone again and again about their behaviour or to ask them to do something: be/go on at someone about something My parents are always on at us about having a baby. be/go on at someone to do something She's been on at me to get my hair cut. pari- equal or equally; even (in number). parisyllabic. paripinnate. peri- I. round; about. "pericardium". II. Astronomy denoting the point nearest to a specified celestial body. "perihelion". perimenopause 近更年期, 更年期前兆, 更年期初期 the time in a person's life when changes start happening in the body that will result in the menopause (= the period when someone gradually stops having blood flow from their uterus each month): A drop in oestrogen levels during perimenopause and menopause can lead to thinning hair. In addition to irregular periods, the perimenopause can lead to sleep disruption, irritability, and hot flushes. peri-peri = piri-piri, uk [ˈpɪr.iˌpɪr.i] 辣椒 I. a type of red chilli used for giving food a spicy taste: Peri-peri is also known as the African Birds-Eye chilli. The unique characteristic of sauces made with peri-peri is the delayed sensation of heat when consumed. These pepper pods are called "Piri-Piri" by the local folks in Mozambique. II. = peri-peri sauce 辣椒酱 a spicy sauce made from red chillies, peppers, and lemon juice: I ordered steak strips in a creamy blend of peri-peri and tomato salsa sauce. Piri-piri is the piquant chilli sauce the Portuguese serve with chicken. In the Algarve town of Lagos, they serve a mean dish of chicken piri-piri. 3. The term exorbitant privilege 美元的极端特权
(privilège exorbitant in French) refers to the benefits the United
States has due to its own currency (the US dollar) being the
international reserve currency. For example, the US would not face a
balance of payments crisis, because their imports are purchased in their
own currency. Exorbitant privilege as a concept cannot refer to
currencies that have a regional reserve currency role, only to global
reserve currencies. Academically, the exorbitant privilege literature
analyzes two empirical puzzles, the position puzzle and the income
puzzle. The position puzzle refers to the difference between the
(negative) U.S. net international investment position (NIIP) and the
accumulated U.S. current account deficits, the former being much smaller
than the latter. The income puzzle is that despite a deeply negative
NIIP, the U.S. income balance is positive, i.e. despite having much more
liabilities than assets, earned income is higher than interest
expenses. preordain 上天决定的, 预定好的, 事先定好的, 事先规划好的 to ordain, decree, or appoint beforehand. (especially of a power thought to be greater than ordinary people) to decide or fix what will happen in a way that cannot be changed or controlled: Illness and suffering seemed (to be) preordained to be her lot. His life seems to have followed a preordained path/direction. shellacking [ʃəˈlækɪŋ] 惨败, 完败 I. a complete defeat. a complete defeat; The Dodgers took a shellacking (= were defeated by many points). a shellacking their team will remember. II. 啪啪的打. a sound thrashing. a sound beating His father gave him a shellacking for stealing the book. anyone who gives a shellacking to their bigger neighbours. shellac [ʃəˈlæk] I. 发光剂. 增光剂. Shellac is a kind of natural varnish which you paint on to wood to give it a shiny surface. One of the main ingredients in mascara is shellac.
II. a substance obtained from an insect that is melted into small thin
pieces and used for making varnish (= a liquid for painting onto
surfaces to make them shiny) and for many other purposes: The pottery is covered with a layer of varnish or shellac. A vinyl record would be far superior to a shellac record.
III. trademark (also Shellac) a brand name for a type of nail polish (=
coloured liquid for painting on your nails) that consists of gel (= a
thick, clear liquid) and traditional nail polish: Because Shellac is like a polish, it can't be used to extend the nail. Shellac nails can be removed by a manicurist within five to fifteen minutes. get (one's) bell rung 啪啪的打, 被暴打, 被痛打, 被狂揍, 被揍, 被打到耳鸣 (give sb a shellacking) To receive a violent blow or injury, especially to the head and as might stun, concuss, or incapacitate. Sean got his bell rung by some guy in the bar last night after insulting his girlfriend. No wonder you keep getting your bell rung with the way you hassle people. Man, their forward really got his bell rung on that play. He seemed pretty woozy leaving the ice—I hope he doesn't have a concussion. unring a bell 撤不回, 不能撤销, 收不回, 覆水难收, 不可逆转的伤害 To rescind information that has been shared publicly, especially that which is damaging to a person or organization's reputation. Just as a bell cannot be "unrung," this is usually a futile effort. How confident are you in this information? Because once we announce it, we can't unring a bell. You may think your lawyers can unring a bell, but I doubt this scandal is going away anytime soon. You can't unring a bell, even with the best lawyers. So I doubt this scandal is going away anytime soon. In law, unring the bell is an analogy used to suggest the difficulty of forgetting information once it is known. When discussing jury trials, the phrase is sometimes used to describe the judge's instructions to the jury to ignore inadmissible evidence or statements they have heard. It may also be used if inadmissible evidence has been brought before a jury and the judge subsequently declares a mistrial. 4. stilted [ˈstɪl·tɪd] 正规的, 正式的, 一板一眼的, 非常板正的 (of behavior, speech, or writing) too formal and not smooth or natural. (of a manner of talking or writing) stiff and self-conscious or unnatural. "we made stilted 特别端着的 conversation". He writes in a formal and somewhat stilted style. The dialogue sounded stilted and unnatural, perhaps because of the translation from the original Russian. Legal language tends to be very stilted. in a way that is too formal and not smooth or natural: She spoke stiltedly because she was so nervous. "How are you feeling?" David asked, rather stiltedly. If someone speaks in a stilted way, they speak in a formal or unnatural way, for example because they are not relaxed. We made polite, stilted conversation. His delivery was stilted and occasionally stumbling. wiki: In psychiatry, stilted speech or pedantic speech 言语生硬, 用词太正式 is communication characterized by situationally inappropriate 不合时宜的, 不符合场合的, 不看场合的 formality. This formality can be expressed both through abnormal prosody as well as speech content that is "inappropriately pompous, legalistic, philosophical, or quaint". Often, such speech can act as evidence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or a thought disorder, a common symptom in schizophrenia or schizoid personality disorder. While literal and long-winded word content is often the most identifiable feature of stilted speech, such speech often displays irregular prosody, especially in resonance. Often, the loudness, pitch, rate, and nasality ( nasality [neɪˈzæl.ə.ti] 鼻音 the quality of a person's voice that has a particular sound because air is going through their nose when they speak: In many American accents, there's a nasality in the vowels that we don't have. Nasality occurs in many different language families, and its behaviour varies widely. ) of pedantic ( [pəˈdæn.tɪk] 在意不必要细节的, 寻找摘句的. giving too much attention to formal rules or small details. caring too much about unimportant rules or details and not enough about understanding or appreciating a subject: Professor Harris had a narrow, pedantic approach to history that put us to sleep. They were being unnecessarily pedantic by insisting that Berry himself, and not his wife, should have made the announcement. ) speech vary from normal speech, resulting in the perception of pedantic or stilted speaking. For example, overly loud or high-pitched speech can come across to listeners as overly forceful while slow or nasal speech creates an impression of condescension. 5. bellwether 领头羊, 风向标, 具有指标意义的, 具有代表性的 a particular event, result, etc. that usually shows how a more general situation will develop or change: In Massachusetts, a bellwether state for the region, more people are buying and building houses. The report is viewed as a bellwether for economic trends. The shift in mood in the city may be a bellwether of larger trends nationwide. Missouri is a key Midwest bellwether state that has backed the winning candidate in almost every White House election since 1900. bellwether for/of sth The report is viewed as a bellwether for national economic trends. II. ECONOMICS & FINANCE specialized a company on the stock exchange whose success usually shows how successful other similar companies or a particular section of the economy will be: Wall Street rallied after a surprisingly positive forecast from the tech bellwether. Renewable Energy Corporation, often seen as a sector bellwether, surprised the market with strong profit growth. This is an important bellwether stock for the market. bellwether bond a government bond whose changes in interest rate are believed to show the future direction of the rest of the bond market: The yield on the bellwether bond dropped early Wednesday to its lowest level in nearly seven months. wiki: A bellwether is a leader or an indicator of trends. In politics, the term often applies in a metaphorical sense to characterize a geographic region where political tendencies match in microcosm those of a wider area, such that the result of an election in the former region might predict the eventual result in the latter. In economics, a 'bellwether' is a leading indicator of an economic trend. Sociologists apply the term in the active sense to a person or group of people who tend to create, influence, or set trends. The term derives from the Middle English belle-weder, which referred to the practice of placing a bell around the neck of the lead wether (the castrated male sheep). A shepherd could then note the movements of the animals by hearing the bell, even when the flock was not in sight. 6. A frog or pankou (simplified Chinese: 盘扣), also called Chinese frog closure and decorative toggle, is a type of ornamental garment closure. Made from braiding, cord, fabric, or covered wire, they consist of a decorative knot button (a Chinese button knot for a traditional Chinese style) and a loop. Its purpose is to fasten garments while providing a decorative element on the clothing. It can be used to fasten openings edge-to-edge, avoiding an overlap. It is especially used on the cheongsam, where the pankou represents the cultural essence of the dress. Phrogging (A person who secretly lives in another’s home without authorization.) is the act of secretly living in another person’s home without their knowledge or permission. A person who engages in phrogging is sometimes called a phrog or, less commonly, a phrogger. The verb form phrog is sometimes used. Phrogging is similar to squatting except that phrogging involves living in an occupied property. Example: I just watched a show about phrogging and now I'm going to have dreams about someone creepily living in my attic. Fragging (frag [fraɡ] military slang North American verb deliberately kill (an unpopular senior officer) with a hand grenade.) is the deliberate or attempted killing of a soldier, usually a superior, by a fellow soldier. U.S. military personnel coined the word during the Vietnam War, when such killings were most often committed or attempted with a fragmentation grenade, to make it appear that the killing was accidental or during combat with the enemy. The term fragging now encompasses any deliberate killing of military colleagues. The high number of fragging incidents in the latter years of the Vietnam War was symptomatic of discontent that existed among some military personnel and of a breakdown of discipline 纪律涣散 in parts of the U.S. Armed Forces. Documented and suspected fragging incidents using explosives totaled 904 from 1969 to 1972, while hundreds of fragging incidents using firearms took place, but were hard to quantify as they were indistinguishable from combat deaths and poorly documented. Fragging should not be confused with the unintentional killing and/or wounding of comrades and/or allied personnel; such incidents are referred to as friendly fire. Friendly fire = fratricide 友军误伤, 友军火并, 自己人火并 refers to the accidental targeting and harming of one's own forces, often during combat operations. This is distinct from collateral damage, which involves accidental harm to civilian or neutral targets. Friendly fire incidents are often attributed to misidentification, communication errors, or other factors that lead to unintentional attacks on friendly troops. an attack by belligerent or neutral forces on friendly troops while attempting to attack enemy or hostile targets. Examples include misidentifying the target as hostile, cross-fire while engaging an enemy, long range ranging errors or inaccuracy. Accidental fire not intended to attack enemy or hostile targets, and deliberate firing on one's own troops for disciplinary reasons is not called friendly fire, and neither is unintentional harm to civilian or neutral targets, which is sometimes referred to as collateral damage. Training accidents and bloodless incidents also do not qualify as friendly fire in terms of casualty reporting. 7. frolic [ˈfrɒl.ɪk] 嬉笑, 嬉戏, 打闹 过去式frolicked to play and behave in a happy way: A group of suntanned children were frolicking on the beach. happy behaviour, like that of children playing: a harmless frolic. fun and frolic 欢声笑语 It was all fun and frolics until it began to pour down with rain. A group of children were frolicking on the beach. romp to play in a rough, excited, and noisy way: The children romped happily around/about in the garden. noun. a funny, energetic, and often sexual entertainment or situation: The newspaper headline was "Bishop Caught In Sex Romp!" romp through something to successfully do something, quickly and easily: Rory expected to romp through the test and interviews. romp home/in to win easily: She is riding the fastest horse and is certain to romp home. A romp is also an easy victory over an opponent: Nothing could stop his romp to the nomination. The unbeaten Charlottesville Crackers romped past the Beantown Beanies 68-26. 8. will on 激励, 加油, 打气 To wish intensely that someone succeeds in what they are doing. Often implies a silent, or almost inaudible wish. Willed on by a buoyant Crucible crowd, three-time winner Williams compiled wonderful breaks of 101, 96 and 73 on his way to collecting the first four frames of the evening. And 40 years on from the iconic black-ball final when Dennis Taylor came from 8-0 and 9-1 down 落后 to defeat Steve Davis, it briefly raised hopes of another astonishing revival 起死回生. will I. If you will something to happen 希望成真, 祝愿成真, you try to make it happen by using mental effort rather than physical effort. I looked at the phone, willing it 梦想着 to ring. He was watching her fixedly, willing her to look at him. II. If you will something to someone 遗愿留给, you say in your will that they should have it when you die. The large sum of money that came to him when she died was a shock, and he had not spent a penny of it on himself. He had, however, willed it to Frank. III. If something is the will 意愿, 懿旨, 意旨 of a person or group of people with authority, they want it to happen. He has submitted himself to the will of God. Democracy responds and adjusts to the will of the people. The parliament didn't deserve to represent the nation's will. IV. Will 意愿 is the determination to do something. He was said to have lost his will to live. ...the inevitable battle of wills as your child realises that he can't have everything he wants. He who was usually so full of questions lacked the will to confront her with them. V. You use will have with a past participle when you are saying that you are fairly certain that something will be true by a particular time in the future. As many as ten million children will have been infected by the end of the decade. He will have left by January the fifteenth. You use will have with a past participle to indicate that you are fairly sure that something is the case. If someone has been in captivity, he will have changed as a result of his experience. The holiday will have done him the world of good. 9. consign someone/something to something 丢弃掉, 打发掉, 打发到, 发配到, 扔到, 丢到 to get rid of someone or something or to put him, her, or it in an unpleasant place or situation. to put something somewhere, especially in order to get rid of it The shoes looked so tatty that I consigned them to the back of the cupboard. to be consigned to prison. After the financial disaster, she was consigned to a life of poverty. consign somebody/something to the dustbin/scrapheap/rubbish heap etc 丢弃到垃圾堆, 丢进垃圾堆 British English to make someone or something be in a particular situation, especially a bad one Many older people feel they have been consigned to the medical scrapheap. It was a decision which consigned him to political obscurity. Having largely been consigned to his seat 只能坐在座位上(斯诺克比赛), Zhao - whose journey to becoming
champion remarkably began 29 days ago and included him having to win
four qualifying matches and 111 frames in total - wrapped up a famous
success with a run of 87. It was no more than his scintillating form over the 17-day televised event deserved. scintillating [ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ] 搞笑的, 机智的, 神回复, 妙趣横生的, 机敏风趣的 funny, exciting, and clever. exciting and intelligent: It was a superb script and a scintillating production. scintillating wit/repartee/conversation. a scintillating personality/speech. A scintillating conversation or performance is very lively and interesting. You can hardly expect scintillating conversation from a kid that age. scintillate 热情洋溢的, 火花四溅的, 才华横溢的, 灵光无数的 to say very clever, exciting, or funny things. to give off (sparks); sparkle; twinkle. to be animated or brilliant. 10. sediment [ˈsɛdɪm(ə)nt] 沉淀物, 淤积物 matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs. a soft substance that is like a wet powder and consists of very small
pieces of a solid material that have fallen to the bottom of a liquid: "the ice freezes the wine and sediment at the base of the cork". There was a brown sediment in the bottom of the bottle. sediments [ plural ] sand, stones, etc. that slowly form a layer of rock: It is hoped that the oil slick will sink to the seabed where it would be covered within a few years by sediments and eventually decompose. silt [sɪlt] 淤泥, 泥沙 fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment, especially in a channel or harbour. sand or soil that is carried along by flowing water and then dropped, especially at a bend in a river or at a river's opening. desilt 疏通, 疏导, 疏浚 remove silt from (a body of water). to remove suspended silt from (the water of a stream) a basin for desilting water. "the Public Works Department has not taken any step to desilt the irrigation channels". 11. be away with the fairies = off with the fairies 不知道想什么呢, 走神, 心不在焉 UK humorous to behave in a way that is slightly strange. giving the impression of being mad, distracted, or in a dreamworld. to behave in a strange way that seems to be out of touch with reality She acts in a style that makes her seem slightly away with the fairies. "you seem away with the fairies, are you listening?" It's no good asking her to take care of the children - she's away with the fairies most of the time. Much of the time, he is away with the fairies, lying in his room daydreaming. The way he's behaving shows he's not stupid, he's just away with the fairies. I think it's fair to say that she was away with the fairies at that time. Whoever we appoint as the new manager needs to be a practical person, not away with the fairies. not the full quid = not all there 脑子不全, 不怎么聪明, 脑子不好使, 脑子不灵光 British English Australian and New Zealand slang lacking intelligence. Rather stupid or unintelligent; slightly crazy or unhinged. not the full quid not very intelligent. not very intelligent: George always looks to me like he's not the full quid. He's not the full quid if he thinks that plan is going to work. Of course he's not the full quid—he's wearing pajamas at the beach! As an informal term for a pound sterling (or, in former times, a sovereign or guinea) quid dates from the late 17th century: its origins are unknown. not the full shilling (at shilling) [ˈʃɪlɪŋ] very unintelligent or slow. Rather stupid or unintelligent; slightly crazy or unhinged. He's not the full shilling if he thinks that plan is going to work. Of course he's not the full shilling—he's wearing pajamas at the beach! "he's not the full shilling, but a damn good worker". all there 全神贯注, 全身心投入, 有点愚蠢, 缺心眼儿, 脑筋不大正常 (idiomatic) Mentally competent; not absent-minded or insane. in full possession of one's mental faculties. "he's not quite all there". Is he all there? I don't think he's all there... I think he's not all there... She's pretty on the ball ... she's definitely all there. common denominator 公因数 noun MATHEMATICS I. a common multiple of the denominators of several fractions. a number that can be divided exactly by all the denominators (= numbers under the line) in a group of fractions: 12 is a common denominator of 1/3 and 1/4. II. a feature shared by all members of a group. something that is the same for all the members of a group and might bring them together: The common denominator was that we had all worked for the same company. "the common denominator in these companies is the awareness of the importance of quality". a fact or quality that is shared by two or more people or groups: Trade is a major common denominator between the two countries. 12. unalloyed [ˌʌnəˈlɔɪd] 尽情的, 毫无保留的, 敞怀的, 开怀的 adj. I. (of metal) not alloyed; pure. "unalloyed copper". II. (chiefly of emotions) complete and unreserved. (especially of a positive feeling) not spoiled by any amount of negative feeling; pure. If you describe a feeling such as happiness or relief as unalloyed, you are emphasizing that it is a strong feeling and no other feeling is involved. ...an occasion of unalloyed joy. Spending time with one's family is never an unalloyed pleasure (= there are bad things about it too). We had the perfect holiday - two weeks of unalloyed bliss. "unalloyed delight". "We all presumed that a first Chinese world champion would be a special moment for everyone in the game, almost a moment of unalloyed joy, but I'm sure that won't be the case now." cume [kjuːm] 累积用户, 累积客户, 累积听众 I. cumulative audience. A cume rating is the broadcast equivalent of a newspaper's circulation. His total cume between the three stations is over 700,000 people. Early results have put the station near the top in cume listenership in the region. For all the money they wasted last year, they had to do another campaign to re-educate that lapsed cume. wiki: In the practice of measuring the size of US commercial broadcasting and newspaper audiences, cume, short for "cumulative audience", is a measure of the total number of unique consumers over a specified period. The technical definition of cume is restricted by Arbitron, which is now referred to as Nielsen Audio, as requiring a listener to tune in for at least five minutes. II. A shortening of "cumulative," typically used to refer to one's grade-point average, as in school. With a cume that high, you could get into any college you want. Because I take AP classes, I'm able to have a cume higher than a 4.0. Ellen's always had a high cume, so no one is surprised that she's been named valedictorian. sesh = session I. slang A shortening of "session" (reflective of its pronunciation), referring to an extended period of time spent doing a specific activity, especially in a group. Typically used with a modifier specifying the activity. We're having a study sesh at Rachel's house, Mom! Be back in a few hours! Hey man, how about coming over to my house for a video game sesh later on? I'll be able to get a good amount of writing done if I have another sesh like last night. II. slang A session of drug use, especially marijuana, especially in a group. Yo, sesh at my place later? I got a whole ounce! They were too weak for another sesh. on the reg 经常性的 slang A shortening of "on the regular," meaning regularly. I used to go there on the reg, but I've been busy. reg I. slang A shortening of "regulation." Its pronunciation rhymes with "leg." The government wants to impose so many regs on our business that we'll never be able to turn a profit. Any new reg will be posted outside my door, so be sure to check there often. II. slang A shortening of "registration," referring to the vehicle registration plates on the front and back of a car. Its pronunciation rhymes with "edge." Primarily heard in UK. That car almost hit us! Did anyone see the number on the reg? roid = steroid 激素, 类固醇 I. noun, slang A shortening of "steroid," referring specifically to anabolic steroids that are used for building muscle mass. Almost exclusively used in plural constructions. You can't just shoot up roids and get jacked—it still requires a ton or work and dedication! He was thrown out of the professional league for cheating with roids. II. adjective, slang Used in informal, typically derogatory references to the use or abuse of anabolic steroids (to gain muscle mass). Sometimes hyphenated in such constructions. A lot of people assume I'm some sort of roid head because of the size of my pecs and biceps. Jack flew into a roid-rage 激素 when someone spilled his protein shake in the weight room. 13. The "C-suite" 高层, 大佬们 refers to the top-level executives in a company, often those with titles that begin with "chief," such as Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), and Chief Operating Officer (COO). These individuals make key strategic decisions and oversee the overall direction of the organization. the group of people with the most important positions in a company, whose job titles usually begin with C meaning "chief": the C-suite 老总们, 那些总们 She wants to see more women in the C-suite. CEOs and other C-Suite executives. The idea that any growth is good dominates the thinking of many C-suites and boards of directors. You must have a proven ability to communicate effectively with colleagues, clients, and C-Suite executives. gulf 鸿沟 (= chasm) an important difference between the ideas, opinions, or situations of two groups of people: gulf between There is a widening gulf between the rich and the poor in our society. bridge the gulf 分歧 It is hoped that the peace plan will bridge the gulf (= reduce the very large difference) between the government and the rebels. disconnect 脱节 noun. a situation in which two or more things are not connected in the way that they should be: disconnect between a lack of connection; a failure of two things to relate. The study found a disconnect between the state's social program and some people who need government assistance. There's a disconnect between the public and the media. The study found a disconnect between the state's social programs and some people who need government assistance. "I think one of the things that they just seem to fail to grasp in that C-Suite is the connection between A and B," he remarked, pointing out the apparent disconnect 脱节, 失联 between the company's major financial decisions. "So A is we'll sign someone or two people to a $200 million 10-year contract, cool. Now we're going to go and make some redundancies. Oh, okay, so there's the B." 14. A bachelor pad 单身公寓 is a home (pad) in which a bachelor or bachelors (single men) live. The exact standards on what constitutes a bachelor pad are often ambiguous and debated but one definition describes it as: A "bachelor pad" is a slang term for a living space owned by a bachelor (single man) that is designed as a collective space (as opposed to individual items) with the purpose of facilitating a bachelor in his daily activities to include but not limited to daily functionality, use of free time, hobbies and interests, entertaining friends, and seducing women. A bachelor pad can be done on a very limited budget as is the case with many young adults and college students, or to an extravagant level as seen amongst some celebrities. It should not be confused as such with "bachelor apartment 开间房", a real estate term which refers an apartment with no bedroom – the main room serves as a bedroom, living room, and dining room (and sometimes kitchen as well). In the United Kingdom the term "bachelor pad" usually refers to a flat where a single young man lives alone. Most students in the UK, who are unable to afford this luxury, perforce ( perforce [pəˈfɔːs] 不可避免的 adverb old-fashioned formal because it is necessary. Perforce is used to indicate that something happens or is the case because it cannot be prevented or avoided. The war in 1939 perforce ushered in an era of more grime and drabness. ) live with other students, hence the heightened social status attributed to this particular sense of the phrase. In the United States it generally refers to small houses or apartments where unmarried men, often college/university students, live until they obtain larger or more luxurious houses or apartments, are married, or generally "move up" in standards of living and taste. It also became a symbol of independence and freedom for young people when leaving their parents' house for the first time. studio = studio apartment = UK studio flat a small apartment designed to be lived in by one or two people, usually with one large room for sleeping and living in, a bathroom and sometimes a separate kitchen. 15. detente = détente [deɪˈtɒnt] (国家间关系的) 缓和, 缓解 an improvement in the relationship between two countries that in the past were not friendly and did not trust each other: détente between Detente is a state of friendly relations between two countries when previously there had been problems between them. ...their desire to pursue a policy of detente. They have made the first move towards a detente. The talks are aimed at furthering détente between the two countries. Bessent testified before Congress on Tuesday that although talks have not been active between the two countries, there have been signs of an emerging detente. Both Trump and Bessent have said the severe tariffs on China remain unsustainably high, and China signaled last week it was open to some negotiations on trade. 中美谈判: Two top Trump officials are scheduled to meet later this week with Chinese representatives on trade and economic matters, their agencies announced Tuesday evening, a nascent ( 刚起步的. 新近的. only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly. in the earliest stages of development. While battery swap is still largely a nascent sector, China has the world's most developed model by far. While it's mainly used for larger vehicles – close to half of the electric heavy-duty trucks sold in China in 2023 were equipped with battery-swap technology – the country is also seriously experimenting with swaps for personal cars. Everyone in this nascent business is still struggling with basic issues. a nascent political party. a nascent problem. ) sign of a thaw 关系缓和, 解冻 in the trade war sparked by President Donald Trump's massive tariffs. Stocks have been rising in recent weeks after Trump announced carve-outs from massive 145% tariffs for some Chinese goods, including electronics. Investors were hopeful that the move signaled a deal could get done. US stock futures shot higher 冲高 in after-hours trading on the announcement. 16. harry 催逼, 逼迫, 催促 to repeatedly demand something from someone, often causing them to feel worried or angry: She harried the authorities, writing letters and gathering petitions. harried [ˈhær.id] 被困扰的, 不胜其烦的, 形容被人催逼时的恼怒感觉 worried and angry, especially because people keep wanting things from you. anxious or worried because you have too many things to do: I've been feeling very harried at work. I saw a harried-looking mother at the checkout trying to manage two small children and a mountain of shopping. He spent the day feeling harried and unproductive. get into the swing of it/things 加入其中, 加入进来, 参与其中, 跟上节奏, 合拍, 习惯, 适应 to start to understand, enjoy, and be active in something. If you get into the swing of something, you become very involved in it and enjoy what you are doing. It was hard to get back into the swing of things after such a long absence. I hadn't worked in an office for several years, so it took me a while to get back into the swing of it. "When making an appointment for someone to come over for a meal or to fix the plumbing, you might (say), 'Come Wednesday,' and that is specific enough," she explains. "As long as they show up that day, or the next, everything is as it should be. It's quirky and takes some getting used to, especially for harried, time-conscious Americans; but once you get into the swing of things, it's a great way to live". In Bhutan, we live immersed 沉浸其中, 融入其中 in nature, and as a culture, we value kindness. I can see people relax the longer they stay. Globally, we live in volatile times; there's a lot of anger and fear in the world. Bhutan is such a respite 净土, 宁静 from all that." 17. gambit [ˈɡæm·bɪt] 招数 I. something that you do or say that is intended to achieve an advantage and usually involves taking a risk. a clever action in a game or other situation that is intended to achieve an advantage and usually involves taking a risk: The arrest of the political leader was seen as the opening gambit in a move to take control of the government. He sees the proposal as more of a diplomatic gambit than a serious defense proposal. Campaign strategists are calling the plan a clever political gambit. opening gambit 开场白 A gambit is a remark which you make to someone in order to start or continue a conversation with them. His favourite opening gambit is: 'You are so beautiful, will you be my next wife?' Bernard made no response to Tom's conversational gambits. Her clever opening gambit gave her an early advantage. Their promise to lower taxes is clearly an election-year gambit. "I hear you're a friend of Jamie's" was her opening gambit. II. a way of beginning a game of chess, in which you intentionally lose a pawn (= game piece) in order to win some other form of advantage later. queen's gambit: In chess, the Queen's Gambit refers to a specific opening sequence where White sacrifices a pawn (the c-pawn) early in the game to gain control of the center of the board. It's named the "gambit" because it involves a material sacrifice for the potential of a strategic advantage. The "Queen's" part comes from the move starting with the queen's pawn (d4). resign I. to give up a job or position by telling your employer that you are leaving: He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job. She resigned as director. She resigned the directorship. resign as sth He resigned as policy director to become deputy chief of staff. resign from sth After the scandal, he was forced to resign from his government post. resign over sth He has no intention of resigning over the issue. resign your job/position/post She will resign her position as CEO of the company at the end of the year. be asked to/forced to resign The previous director had just been forced to resign. threaten to resign. II. In the game of chess, you resign 弃子认输 when you cannot see any way to avoid being beaten: Timman resigned a hopeless position. After she had taken my rook, there was nothing I could really do except resign. resign yourself to sth/be resigned to sth 听任, 顺从, 不得不接受 to make yourself accept something that you do not like because you cannot change it: While he's still a partner, he's resigned to writing off his investment. He resigned himself to living alone. be resigned to something 接受安排, 认命, 只好接受, 对…听天由命, 安于 If you are resigned to something unpleasant, you calmly accept that it will happen: She seems resigned to losing the race. 18. Leave-in conditioner 免洗护发素 provides continuous hydration, detangling, and protection for the hair without the need for rinsing, unlike regular conditioners. It adds moisture, helps tame frizz, and can offer protection from heat and environmental stressors, making hair more manageable and easier to style. A heat protectant 头发热防护 is a hair product, typically a spray, cream, or serum, designed to shield hair from the damaging effects of heat styling tools like hair dryers, straighteners, and curling irons. It works by creating a protective barrier between the hair and the heat, preventing moisture loss, breakage, and other heat-related damage. Dry shampoo 免洗洗发水 otherwise known as hybrid shampoo is a type of shampoo which reduces hair greasiness without the need for water. It is in powder form and is typically administered from an aerosol can. Dry shampoo is often based on corn starch or rice starch. In addition to cleansing hair, it can also be used as a tool for hair-styling as it can create volume, help tease hair, keep bobby pins in place, and be used in place of mousse in wet hair. Dry shampoo proponents attest that daily wash-and-rinse with detergent shampoo can strip away natural oils from hair. However, others attest that spraying dry shampoo every day will lead to a build-up of product that can dull hair color and irritate the scalp, arguing that the scalp needs regular cleansing and exfoliating to get rid of bacteria, remove dead skin cells, and stay healthy. hustler mainly US informal I. someone who tries to deceive people into giving them money. II. [informal, disapproval] 贩子. 能说会道的, 狡猾的小商小贩. a person adept at aggressive selling or illicit dealing. "small-time hustlers trying to sell their stuff". If you refer to someone as a hustler, you mean that they try to earn money or gain an advantage from situations they are in by using dishonest or illegal methods. ...an insurance hustler. III. A hustler is a prostitute, especially a male prostitute. 19. pick (one's) spot I. 找准时机. 找好时机. To take action or engage in something carefully and judiciously. The boss has been in a bad mood all day, so you really need to pick your spots if you don't want to get yelled at. You guys shouldn't attack when the defense is set up like that—you need to pick your spots better. Mark Carney 'picked his spots' well during Oval Office meeting. II. In cricket, to intentionally hit the ball in a certain direction or to a certain part of the field. Wow, he really did pick his spot—he hit the ball exactly where he said he would. pick someone up on something I. to criticize someone about something they have said: "I want to pick you up on the point you made a few minutes ago about personal morality, Archbishop." His teacher picked him up on his pronunciation. II. to start talking again about something that someone said previously: Can I just pick up on your first point again, please? judiciously 判断准确的 in a way that has or shows reason and good judgment in making decisions. in a manner that shows or proceeds from good judgement. a judiciously worded statement. This report shows we acted judiciously with taxpayer money. judicious having or showing reason and good judgment in making decisions. having or proceeding from good judgment We should make judicious use of the resources available to us. 20. The Abrahamic [ˌeɪbrəˈhamɪ] religions are a grouping of several religions that revere Abraham in their scripture, with the three largest and most influential being Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The religions share doctrinal, historical, and geographic overlap that contrasts them with Indian religions, Iranian religions, and East Asian religions. However, the categorization has been criticized by some for oversimplification of different cultural and doctrinal nuances. Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Judaism, he is the founding father who began the covenantal relationship between the Jewish people and God; in Christianity, he is the spiritual progenitor ( progenitor [prəʊˈdʒen.ɪ.tər] 祖先, 父母 I. the parent or direct ancestor of a person, animal, or plant: A child has a male progenitor and a female progenitor. A series of several persons descended from a common progenitor is called a line. II. a person who first thinks of something and causes it to exist: Marx was the progenitor of communism. The Sagrada Familia was conceived originally by its progenitor, the Catalan publisher Josep Bocabella. III. something from which another thing develops or that causes something else to happen or exist: The progenitor of rock 'n'roll was rhythm and blues. Tobacco surely rivals arsenic as a progenitor of fatal cancer.) of all believers, whether Jewish or non-Jewish; and in Islam, he is a link in the chain of Islamic prophets that begins with Adam and culminates in Muhammad. Abraham is also revered in other Abrahamic religions such as the Baháʼí Faith and the Druze faith. The story of the life of Abraham, as told in the narrative of the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible, revolves around the themes of posterity and land. He is said to have been called by God to leave the house of his father Terah and settle in the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Abraham and his progeny ( progeny [ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni] 后代, 子孙 (offspring) the young or offspring of a person, animal, or plant. the young of a person, animal, or plant; offspring: Housewives chased their progeny out-of-doors. His numerous progeny are scattered all over the country. issue I. a set of newspapers or magazines published at the same time or a single copy of a newspaper or magazine: There's an article on motorbikes in the latest/next issue. An old issue of "Homes and Gardens" lay on the table. an issue of a journal/magazine/newspaper The latest issue of the journal features interviews with twelve great business leaders. today's/this month's/Saturday's/etc. issue Issue number one of the comic book sold for $1.2 million at auction. II. An issue of shares (issuance) is a time when a company gives people the chance to buy part of it or gives extra shares to people who already own some. the offer for sale by a company or organization of financial products such as shares or bonds: bond/stock/share issue. the issue of sth Shareholders approved the issue of 12 million shares of preferred stock. in issue Total shares in issue are in excess of the those stated in the report. at/on issue 上市 股票发行 While the shares dipped below the price at issue, some buying support lifted the stock back into positive territory. Since it is the largest issue and the market is witnessing poor performance, investors might not get value. We launched an exchange offer to buy back existing bonds in return for a new issue. free issue 免费股权 (also scrip issue); (also bonus issue); (also capitalization issue). an offer by a company of extra shares to its shareholders for free: Many customers hold shares which they received as a result of a free issue of stock last year. III. 发行. the act of making available coins, currency, or stamps by a government, or the items themselves: Issue of a new ten rupee coin replaced a note of a similar denomination already in circulation. We expect the release of two commemorative coin issues 纪念币发行 by the United States Mint. bank of issue 货币发行银行 BANKING, MONEY a bank that has the official right to produce currency (= paper money and coins). IV. a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about: environmental/ethical/personal issues. As employers we need to be seen to be addressing (= dealing with) these issues sympathetically. Don't worry about who will do it - that's just a side issue 小问题 (= not the main problem). address/tackle/resolve an issue 解决问题 The service offers confidential help to filers who cannot resolve an issue through normal channels. consider/discuss an issue. a central/core/key issue. a major/minor issue. a critical/serious issue Health care could become a critical issue in political debate. a complex/controversial/sensitive issue. at issue most important in what is being discussed: The point at issue is what is best for the child. make an issue of something disapproving to make something seem more important than it should be, or to argue about it: Of course I'll help you - there's no need to make an issue of it. take issue with someone/something formal to disagree strongly: I took issue with him over his interpretation of the instructions. have an issue with someone/something to dislike or disapprove of someone or something and let it upset or worry you: I feel like my dad has an issue with me having a husband with a different religion. have issues (with someone/something) to have difficulty or disagreement with someone or something: All the people in the study had low self-esteem and had issues with their bodies. without issue 无后嗣. 没有子嗣 offspring; a child or children law old-fashioned or specialized If someone dies without issue, they have no children. verb. to produce or provide something official: The office will be issuing 发放 permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings. The school issued a statement about its plans to the press./The school issued the press with a statement about its plans. issue from something If something issues from a place, it comes out of that place: A terrible scream issued from the room. Smoke issued from the cracked pipe. ). This promise is subsequently inherited by Isaac, Abraham's son by his wife Sarah, while Isaac's half-brother Ishmael is also promised that he will be the founder of a great nation. Abraham purchases a tomb (the Cave of the Patriarchs) at Hebron to be Sarah's grave, thus establishing his right to the land; and, in the second generation, his heir Isaac is married to a woman from his own kin to earn his parents' approval. Abraham later marries Keturah and has six more sons; but, on his death, when he is buried beside Sarah, it is Isaac who receives "all Abraham's goods" while the other sons receive only "gifts". 21. Occidentalism refers to the way in which non-Western cultures perceive and represent the Western world, often with stereotypes and generalizations. It's the mirror image of Orientalism(In art history, literature, and cultural studies, Orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects of the Eastern world (or "Orient") by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world. Orientalist painting, particularly of the Middle East, was one of the many specialties of 19th-century academic art, and Western literature was influenced by a similar interest in Oriental themes. Since the publication of Edward Said's Orientalism in 1978, much academic discourse has begun to use the term 'Orientalism' to refer to a general patronizing Western attitude towards Middle Eastern, Asian, and North African societies. In Said's analysis, 'the West' essentializes these societies as static and undeveloped—thereby fabricating a view of Oriental culture that can be studied, depicted, and reproduced in the service of imperial power. Implicit in this fabrication, writes Said, is the idea that Western society is developed, rational, flexible, and superior. This allows 'Western imagination' to see 'Eastern' cultures and people as both alluring and a threat to Western civilization. Journalist and art critic Jonathan Jones pushed back on Said's claims, and suggested that the majority of Orientalism was derived out of a genuine fascination and admiration of Eastern cultures, not prejudice or malice. ), which describes the way Western cultures often depict and categorize the East. In essence, Occidentalism is a lens through which the West is viewed from an external perspective, shaping how it's understood and often, misunderstood. Occidentalism refers to a discipline that discusses the Western world (the Occident). In this context the West becomes the object, while the East is the subject. The West in the context of Occidentalism does not refer to the West in a geographical sense, but to culture or custom, especially covering the fields of thought, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, history, religion, colonialism, war, apartheid, and geography. It is not as popular as Orientalism in the general public and in academic settings. occidental [ˌɒk.sɪˈden.təl] relating to the western part of the world, especially the countries of Europe and America. Occidental means relating to the countries of Europe and America. There is a fundamental division between oriental and occidental approaches to land use. occidental cultures. The music is a mix of occidental pop and Latin sensuality. 22. The Yellow Peril 黄祸, 黄祸论 (also the Yellow Terror, the Yellow Menace, and the Yellow Specter) is a racist color metaphor that depicts the peoples of East and Southeast Asia as an existential danger to the Western world. The concept of the Yellow Peril derives from a "core imagery of apes, lesser men, primitives, children, madmen, and beings who possessed special powers", which developed during the 19th century as Western imperialist expansion adduced East Asians as the Yellow Peril. In the late 19th century, the Russian sociologist Jacques Novicow coined the term in the essay "Le Péril Jaune" ("The Yellow Peril", 1897), which Kaiser Wilhelm II (r. 1888–1918) used to encourage the European empires to invade, conquer, and colonize China. To that end, using the Yellow Peril ideology, the Kaiser portrayed the Japanese and the Asian victory against the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) as an Asian racial threat to white Western Europe, and also exposes China and Japan as an alliance to conquer, subjugate, and enslave the Western world. The sinologist Wing-Fai Leung explained the origins of the term and the racialist ideology: "The phrase yellow peril (sometimes yellow terror or yellow spectre), coined by Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, in the 1880s, after a dream in which he saw the Buddha riding a dragon threatening to invade Europe, blends western anxieties about sex, racist fears of the alien other, and the Spenglerian ( "Spenglerian" refers to anything related to the ideas of the German historian and philosopher Oswald Spengler, particularly his theory of cyclical history. Spengler argued that cultures and civilizations, like living organisms, have predictable lifespans, passing through phases of birth, growth, and decay.) belief that the West will become outnumbered and enslaved by the East." The academic Gina Marchetti identified the psycho-cultural fear of East Asians as "rooted in medieval fears of Genghis Khan and the Mongol invasions of Europe [1236–1291], the Yellow Peril combines racist terror of alien cultures, sexual anxieties, and the belief that the West will be overpowered and enveloped, by the irresistible, dark, occult forces of the East": 2 hence, to oppose Japanese imperial militarism, the West expanded the Yellow Peril ideology to include the Japanese people. Moreover, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, writers developed the Yellow Peril literary topos into codified, racialist motifs of narration, especially in stories and novels of ethnic conflict in the genres of invasion literature, adventure fiction, and science fiction. The Snake Charmer(A snake charmer 捕蛇人, 耍蛇人 is an entertainer who claims to have the ability to mesmerize snakes, typically using a musical instrument like the pungi, and often including other seemingly dangerous or impressive feats. The practice is a tradition in India and other regions, with performances often incorporating street performance staples like juggling and sleight of hand.) is an oil-on-canvas painting by French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme produced around 1879. After it was used on the cover of Edward Said's book Orientalism in 1978, the work "attained a level of notoriety matched by few Orientalist paintings," as it became a lightning-rod for criticism of Orientalism in general and Orientalist painting in particular, although Said himself does not mention the painting in his book. It is in the collection of the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, which also owns another controversial Gérôme painting, The Slave Market. The painting depicts a naked boy standing on a small carpet in the center of a room with blue-tiled walls, facing away from the viewer, holding a python which coils around his waist and over his shoulder, while an older man sits to his right playing a fipple flute. The performance is watched by a motley group of armed men from a variety of Islamic tribes, with different clothes and weapons. Sarah Lees' catalogue essay for the painting examines the setting as a conflation of Ottoman Turkey and Egypt, and also explains the young snake charmer's nudity, not as an erotic display, but "to obviate charges of fraud" in his performance. Art critic Jonathan Jones bluntly calls The Snake Charmer: a sleazy imperialist vision 视角 of "the east." In front of glittering Islamic tiles that make the painting shimmer with blue and silver, a group of men sit on the ground watching a nude snake charmer, draped with a slithering phallic python.…The Snake Charmer is such an obviously pernicious (pernicious [pərˈnɪʃəs]
very dangerous or harmful, especially to someone's moral character. If
you describe something as pernicious, you mean that it is very harmful. Parents
are blaming not only peer pressure but also the pernicious influence of
the internet. There is a pernicious culture of excellence: everything
has to be not merely good but the best. vocabulary: Pernicious means harmful and subtle,
such as a poison gas that causes illness in those exposed to it over
the course of years. Pernicious comes from the Latin perniciosus,
"destructive," which in turn comes from pernicies, "death" or "ruin."
You might have heard your parents and teachers talk about the pernicious effects 恶果, 有害的结果, 不良后果 of watching too much TV and playing video games all day — they'll turn your brain to mush (allegedly). ) and exploitative western fantasy of "the Orient" that it makes Said's case for him. Gérôme is, you might say, orientalism's poster boy. In this influential work, Said analyses how Middle Eastern societies were described by European "experts" in the 19th century in ways that delighted ( delight I. a feeling of great pleasure, satisfaction, or happiness: Her face had a look of pure delight. with delight I read your letter with great delight. in delight The children squealed in delight when they saw all the presents under the Christmas tree. delight at His delight at seeing her again was obvious. to someone's delight To my delight, I was proved right. to the delight of She played all her biggest hits, to the delight of the crowd. take delight in He seems to take great delight in (= enjoys) teasing his sister. II. something or someone that gives great pleasure, satisfaction, or happiness: My sister's little boy is a real delight. The film is a delight from start to finish. it is a delight to It was a delight to see her so happy and relaxed. the delights of something the pleasures that something gives: We're just discovering the delights of being retired. verb. to give someone great pleasure or satisfaction: Peter's academic success delighted his family. delight in something to get a lot of pleasure from something, especially something unpleasant: Some people delight in the misfortunes of others. My brother always delights in telling me when I make a mistake. to enjoy something, esp. doing something annoying to someone else: My brother always delights in telling me when I make a mistake. ) the western imagination while reducing the humanity of those whom that imagination fed on. In The Snake Charmer, voyeurism is titillated, and yet the blame for this is shifted on to the slumped audience in the painting. Meanwhile, the beautiful tiles behind them are seen as a survival of older and finer cultures which–according to Edward Said–western orientalists claimed to know and love better than the decadent locals did. Linda Nochlin in her influential 1983 essay "The Imaginary Orient" points out that the seemingly photorealistic quality of the painting allows Gérôme to present an unrealistic scene as if it were a true representation of the east. Nochlin calls The Snake Charmer "a visual document of nineteenth-century colonialist ideology" in which: the watchers huddled against the ferociously detailed tiled wall in the background of Gérôme's painting are resolutely alienated from us, as is the act they watch with such childish, trancelike concentration. Our gaze is meant to include both the spectacle and its spectators as objects of picturesque delectation.…Clearly, these black and brown folk are mystified—but then again, so are we. Indeed, the defining mood of the painting is mystery, and it is created by a specific pictorial device. We are permitted only a beguiling rear view of the boy holding the snake. A full frontal view, which would reveal unambiguously both his sex and the fullness of his dangerous performance, is denied us. And the insistent, sexually charged mystery at the center of this painting signifies a more general one: the mystery of the East itself, a standard topos ( topos [ˈtɒp.ɒs, toʊ.poʊs] 传统主题, 经典主题 plural topoi [uk ˈtɒp.ɔɪ, usˈtoʊ.pɔɪ] a traditional theme (= subject) that is found in literature. a basic theme or concept, esp a stock topic in rhetoric This rejection of the Muses is an ancient topos in Christian-Latin poetry. the battle between "mercy" and "justice" as a medieval literary topos. ) of the Orientalist ideology.
the Seven Last Words 耶稣的7个遗言: Jesus spoke seven phrases, known as the Seven Last Words 耶稣的7个遗言, while on the cross. These sayings, recorded in the Gospels, offer insights into his final moments and his mission. Here are the seven last words: Forgiveness: "Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.": (Luke 23:34). Salvation: "Truly, I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise.": (Luke 23:43). Relationship: "Woman, behold your son! Son, behold your mother!": (John 19:26-27). Abandonment: "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?": (Matthew 27:46, Mark 15:34). Distress: "I thirst.": (John 19:28). Triumph: "It is finished.": (John 19:30). Reunion: "Father, into your hands I commend my spirit.": (Luke 23:46). The sayings of Jesus on the cross (sometimes called the Seven Last Words from the Cross) are seven expressions biblically attributed to Jesus during his crucifixion. Traditionally, the brief sayings have been called "words". 1. This first saying of Jesus on the cross is traditionally called "The Word of Forgiveness". It is theologically interpreted as Jesus' prayer for forgiveness for the Roman soldiers who were crucifying him and all others who were involved in his crucifixion. Some early manuscripts do not include this sentence in Luke 23:34. Biblical scholars such as Bart Ehrman have argued that it was omitted by some scribes because of anti-Judaic sentiment around the second century. 2. This saying is traditionally called "The Word of Salvation". According to the Gospel of Luke, Jesus was crucified between two thieves (traditionally named Dismas and Gestas), one of whom supports Jesus' innocence and asks him to remember him when he comes into his kingdom. Jesus replies, "Verily I say unto thee..." (ἀμήν λέγω σοί, amēn legō soi), followed with the only appearance of the word "Paradise" in the gospels (παραδείσω, paradeisō, originally from Persian pairidaeza, "paradise garden"). A seemingly simple change in punctuation in this saying has been the subject of doctrinal differences among Christian groups, given the lack of punctuation in the original Greek texts. Catholics and most Protestant Christians usually use a version which reads "today you will be with me in Paradise". This reading assumes a direct voyage to Heaven and has no implications of purgatory. On the other hand, some Protestants who believe in soul sleep have used a reading which emphasizes "I say to you today", leaving open the possibility that the statement was made today, but arrival in Heaven may be later. 3. This statement is traditionally called "The Word of Relationship" and in it Jesus entrusts Mary, his mother, into the care of "the disciple whom Jesus loved". Jesus also addresses his mother as "woman" in John 2:4. Although this sounds dismissive in English, the Greek word is a term of respect or tenderness. Catholic commentators, on the basis of these two passages, often connect Mary with the "woman" of Genesis 3:15, and the "woman clothed with the sun" in Revelation 12, and therefore see this title of "woman" as a justification for the veneration of Mary as a second Eve. 4. This saying, traditionally called “The Word of Abandonment”, is only one that appears in more than one gospel. This saying is taken by some as an abandonment of the Son by the Father. Another interpretation holds that at the moment when Jesus took upon himself the sins of humanity, the Father had to turn away from the Son because the Father is "of purer eyes than to see evil and cannot look at wrong" (ESV). Other theologians understand the cry as that of one who was truly human and who felt forsaken. Put to death by his foes, very largely deserted by his friends, he may have also felt deserted by God. Others see these words in the context of Psalm 22 and suggest that Jesus recited these words, perhaps even the whole psalm, "that he might show himself to be the very Being to whom the words refer; so that the Jewish scribes and people might examine and see the cause why he would not descend from the cross; namely, because this very psalm showed that it was appointed that he should suffer these things.". 5. This statement is traditionally called "The Word of Distress" and is compared and contrasted with the encounter of Jesus with the Samaritan woman at the well in John 4. Only John records this saying, but all four gospels relate that Jesus was offered a drink of sour wine (possibly posca). In Mark and Matthew, a sponge was soaked in the wine and lifted up to Jesus on a reed; John says the same, but states that the sponge was affixed to a hyssop branch. This may have been intended as symbolically significant, as hyssop branches are often mentioned in the Old Testament in the context of the use of sacrificial blood for ritual purification. This statement of Jesus is interpreted by John as fulfilment of the prophecy given in Psalm 69:21, "in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink"; hence the quotation from John's gospel includes the comment "that the scripture might be fulfilled". The Jerusalem Bible cross-references Psalm 22:15: "my palate is drier than a potsherd, and my tongue is stuck to my jaw". 6. This statement is traditionally called "The Word of Triumph" and is theologically interpreted as the announcement of the end of the earthly life of Jesus, in anticipation for the Resurrection. The utterance after consuming the beverage and immediately before death is mentioned, but not explicitly quoted, in Mark 15:37 and Matthew 27:50 (both of which state that Jesus "cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost"). 7. From Psalm 31:5, this saying, which is an announcement and not a request, is traditionally called "The Word of Reunion" and is theologically interpreted as the proclamation of Jesus joining God the Father in Heaven.
