用法学习: 1. coursework written or practical work done by a student during a course of study, usually assessed in order to count towards a final mark or grade. written or oral work completed by a student within a given period, which is assessed as an integral part of an educational course "GCSE coursework". I was sitting across from you singing under my breath and working on some coursework. He says teachers will be able to use a range of evidence when making their assessments, including coursework and mock exams. She was running for office at her students' union, finishing coursework and preparing for her final exams. That means less emphasis on modules and coursework and more on the proper, rigorous testing of knowledge. coursework vs assignment: In an academic context, coursework generally refers to the entire body of work completed as part of a course, including assignments, exams, and other assessments, while an assignment is a specific task or activity within that coursework. Coursework is broader, encompassing the entire learning experience, while assignments are individual components that contribute to the overall coursework. Coursework is a general term that refers to any type of academic work that is assigned as part of a course. This can include writing papers, doing research, participating in group discussions or presentations, and completing problem sets or other exercises. Coursework is typically graded and counts towards a student's final grade in a course. Assignments, on the other hand, are specific tasks or pieces of work that are given to students as part of their coursework. Assignments are typically more focused and specific than coursework, and may be used to assess a student's understanding of a particular concept or skill. Assignments are also typically graded and may contribute to a student's overall grade in a course. In general, coursework is a broader term that encompasses a wide range of academic activities, while assignments are more specific tasks that are designed to help students demonstrate their understanding of a particular topic or skill. Both are important for students to complete as part of their studies, and both can be valuable for helping students learn and prepare for exams or other assessments. 2. temperate ( [tempərət] 气候温和的, 脾气温和的, 好脾气的 adj. I. 气候温和的. not extreme; within a middle range. Temperate is used to describe a climate or a place which is never extremely hot or extremely cold. (of weather conditions) neither very hot nor very cold: The climate here is pretty temperate. a temperate climate. The Nile Valley keeps a temperate climate throughout the year. Even with protesters threatening to disrupt the visit, Trump's four nights in temperate Scotland come as a summertime respite after six months back in office. His administration is engulfed in a deepening political crisis over its handling of disclosures around the case of Jeffrey Epstein, accused sex trafficker and former friend of the president's. II. 脾气温和的. 好脾气的. If a person's behaviour is temperate, it is calm and reasonable, so that they do not get angry or lose their temper easily. His final report to the President was far more temperate and balanced than the earlier memorandum. III. Temperate plants grow naturally in places where the weather is neither very hot nor very cold. novella [nəʊˈvel.ə] 中篇小说: a short novel. A novella is a short novel or a long short story. ...an autobiographical novella from French writer Marguerite Duras. novelette [ˌnɒv.əlˈet] a short novel that is often about romantic relationships and is usually not very serious. wiki: A novella is a narrative prose fiction whose length is shorter than most novels, but longer than most novelettes and short stories. The English word novella derives from the Italian novella meaning a short story related to true (or apparently so) facts. A novella generally features fewer conflicts than a novel, yet more complex conflicts than a short story. The conflicts also have more time to develop than in short stories. Novellas may or may not be divided into chapters (good examples of those with chapters are Animal Farm by George Orwell and The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells), and white space is often used to divide the sections, something less common in short stories. Novellas may be intended to be read at a single sitting, like short stories, and thus produce a unitary effect on the reader. According to Warren Cariou, "The novella is generally not as formally experimental as the long story and the novel can be, and it usually lacks the subplots, the multiple points of view, and the generic adaptability that are common in the novel. It is most often concerned with personal and emotional development rather than with the larger social sphere. The novella generally retains something of the unity of impression that is a hallmark of the short story, but it also contains more highly developed characterization and more luxuriant description. 2. decamp [diːˈkæmp] 悄然离开, 悄悄离去 to leave suddenly and unexpectedly, usually without telling anyone. If you decamp, you go away from somewhere secretly or suddenly. We all decamped to the pub. He decamped from the hotel with someone else's luggage. Her video is part of a slew of memes, TikToks and Instagram Reels that have popped up in recent summers as Americans decamp to Europe and come face to face with resolutely room-temperature drinks. Meanwhile their European friends often went without water entirely, holding out until they decamped to a bar that evening – and even then, they'd usually opt for wine instead. Sula couldn't believe it. 肉牛生产过程: Feeder cattle, in some countries or regions called store cattle, are young cattle mature enough either to undergo backgrounding or to be fattened in preparation for slaughter. They may be steers (castrated males) or heifers (females who have not dropped a calf). The term often implicitly reflects an intent to sell to other owners for fattening (finishing). Backgrounding occurs at backgrounding operations, and fattening occurs at a feedlot. Feeder calves are less than 1 year old; feeder yearlings are between 1 and 2 years old. Both types are often produced in a cow-calf operation. After attaining a desirable weight, feeder cattle become finished cattle that are sold to a packer (finished cattle are also called fattened cattle, fat cattle, fed cattle, or, when contrasted with carcasses, live cattle). Packers slaughter the cattle and sell the meat in carcass boxed form. Feedlots producing live cattle for slaughter will typically purchase 500–850 pounds (230–390 kg) feeder cattle calves and feed to grow the animals into 850–1,400 pounds (390–640 kg) cattle. Backgrounding operations will typically purchase 300–600 pounds (140–270 kg) feeder cattle calves and feed to grow the animals into 650–875 pounds (295–397 kg) backgrounded cattle. Backgrounding cattle that achieve weights of 650–700 pounds (290–320 kg) are suitable for sale to grass feeding operations, whereas those achieving weights of 800–825 pounds (363–374 kg) are suitable for sale to feedlot operators. Buyers of feeder cattle tend to look for high average gain (in weight) and low feed-to-gain ratio. Depending on circumstances, different feeder cattle buyers will look for different ranges of animal weight and grade. Backgrounding is an intermediate stage sometimes used in cattle production which begins after weaning and ends upon placement in a feedlot. Background feeding relies more heavily on forage (e.g., pasture, hay) in combination with grains to increase a calf's weight by several hundred pounds and to build up immunity to diseases before putting them in a feedlot in preparation for slaughter. Some cattle operations specialize in backgrounding. 3. pithy [ˈpɪθ.i] 简洁有力的, 简单明了的 I. (of speech or writing) expressing an idea cleverly in a few words. (of speech or writing) brief and full of meaning: a pithy remark. pithy comments. a pithy quote. II. with a lot of pith: a pithy orange. pith [pɪθ]: the white substance between the skin and the flesh of citrus fruits such as oranges, or the soft, white inside part of the stem of some plants. pithily 简洁有力的, 简单明了的 in a clever way that uses only a few words: He could write pithily and entertainingly. Her contribution was briefer, but pithily incisive. Rogan's guest, former CIA officer Mike Baker, said the government should "release everything" — a pithy phrase that has gained popularity in MAGA media circles this month. evangelize = evangelise [ɪˈvæn.dʒə.laɪz] 鼓吹，宣扬, 大肆称许 I. to talk about how good you think something is. to advocate a cause with the object of making converts I wish she would stop evangelizing about the virtues of free market economics. II. to try to persuade people to become Christians. If someone evangelizes a group or area, they try to convert people to their religion, especially Christianity. In AD 586 St Kentigern evangelized Tweeddale. US memo allows federal employees to evangelise colleagues at work. President Donald Trump has claimed religious freedom under attack in US, as critics say he is eroding separation of church and state 政教分离. United States Federal workers – including supervisors – can attempt to persuade their colleagues to join their religion, according to a new directive from the director of the US Office of Personnel Management. Critics have accused the Trump administration of pursuing policies that corrode the separation of church and state in the US, while elevating Christianity over other religions. While the memo outlines some commonly accepted practices like allowing federal employees to pray in the workforce or wear religious attire, it takes a step further in saying that workers may engage in "attempting to persuade others of the correctness of their own religious views" as long as "such efforts are not harassing in nature". evangelism [ɪˈvæn.dʒə.lɪ.zəm] 福音传道, 传福音 the activity of persuading people to become Christians, often by travelling around and telling people about your beliefs: Christian organizations believe the country is a prime target of evangelism. Evangelism often infused his writings. 4. pot noun. I. any of various types of container, usually round, especially one used for cooking food: Fill a large pot with salted water and bring it to the boil. pots and pans 锅子 There's plenty of cupboard space in the kitchen for all your pots and pans. II. any of different types of containers, with or without a lid, especially for storing liquids: The shelf was full of pots of paint. Each desk had a small pot 一小瓶, 一小罐 of ink on it. We could hear the porridge bubbling away in the pot. He's got a few plants in pots on the windowsill. Sow the seeds in pots. This dishwasher even washes pots and pans. The children moulded little pots out of clay. III. a flowerpot: plant pot 花盆 There was a large plant in a terracotta plant pot outside the door. Most lilies grow well in pots. IV. the amount that is contained inside a pot: I've just drunk a whole pot of tea 茶壶! She'd made a large pot of chicken soup. V. used in combination to refer to a container of a stated type: a coffee pot. a flowerpot. a teapot. a cooking pot. VI. a dish, bowl, etc. made by hand out of clay. pots of something mainly UK a large amount of something. an amount of money of a particular type, or used for a particular purpose. an amount of money available for something: in the pot This could mean an extra £10,000 in the pot compared to a traditional pension. a pot of sth The new cash will be added to a pot of $200 million in federal grants. He cautioned that the center only has a small pot of money allocated to it. a bonus/pension/prize pot. Her money comes from several different pots. You will still be fully insured even if the sum of all the different pots of money exceeds £100,000. pots of money She's got pots of money (= she's very rich) and can easily afford it. pension pot I. the amount of money someone has saved for their pension (= money that is paid regularly by the government or a private company to a person who does not work any more): Your pension depends on how large your pension pot is by the time you retire. If she stops working, her pension pot will cease to grow. II. the amount of money that is held by an organization to pay for their employees' pensions (= money paid regularly to people who do not work any more): The city's pension pot is $569 million short of ideal levels. Good companies tend to pass on savings made on national insurance into the staff pension pot. VII. a bowl used as a toilet, especially by young children: on the pot 尿盆, 夜壶 He likes to read when he's on the pot. VIII. = cannabis: a pot smoker. IX. mainly humorous a potbelly. a fat, round stomach: After 20 years of heavy drinking, he has a massive potbelly 大肚子. go to pot informal to be damaged or spoiled because people are not working hard on it or caring for it: I'm afraid I've let the garden go to pot this summer. X. an act of hitting a ball into a hole, especially in games such as snooker: Dawson made a difficult pot look very easy. not have a pot to piss in to be very poor: Any help we can offer them will be appreciated. They don't have a pot to piss in. the pot calling the kettle black something you say that means people should not criticize someone else for a fault that they have themselves: Elliott accused me of being selfish. Talk about the pot calling the kettle black! verb. mainly UK to shoot birds or small animals for food, or to shoot (at) them without taking careful aim: pot (at) He strolled through the fields, potting (at) the occasional rabbit. II. 挥杆进洞. 打进洞. 入洞. in games such as snooker, to hit a ball so that it falls into one of the holes at the edge of the table. III. to put a plant into a container to grow: pot (up) 栽在盆里 I'm just going to pot (up) these seedlings. 5. home base I. a place where someone or something usually lives, works, or operates from. the place where someone or something usually lives, works, or operates from: You should start thinking of your online presence as your home base. II. the place in which someone or something lives or operates. the place where a person has their home and feels comfortable Chicago is my home base. The company's home base is in New York. She returned to her home base after a long month of traveling. III. 本垒. baseball: the base that a runner must touch in order to score. The runner was tagged out. IV. headquarters. Cabotage ([ˈkæbətɪdʒ, -tɑːʒ]) 外国运输企业在别国国内运输 I. coastal navigation or shipping, esp within the borders of one country. the transport of goods or people within a country's borders: They argued that cabotage rights should be granted to European carriers within the US. II. LAW, TRANSPORT reservation to a country's carriers of its internal traffic, esp air traffic. a set of laws made by a government of a country to prevent or limit the transport of goods or people within the country's borders by foreign vehicles, ships, or aircraft: As in many other countries, cabotage policies restrict domestic air transport services to US carriers. wiki: is the transport of goods or passengers between two places in the same country by a carrier registered in a different country. The term originally applied to shipping along coastal routes, port to port, but now applies to aviation, railways, and road transport as well. Most countries do not permit cabotage, and there are strict sanctions against it, for reasons of economic protectionism, national security, or public safety. One notable exception is the European Union, whose member states all grant cabotage rights to each other. 6. cultural capital I. 文化首都. a city that is considered to be important or the most important in a particular area for cultural activities such as music, art, and theatre: During the Renaissance Florence was revered as the cultural capital of the world. A prosperous city of 13 million people, Lahore is Pakistan's cultural capital. II. 文化资本. cultural knowledge, especially about things such as history, literature, music, and art, that someone needs in order to be considered as an educated person, or the status (= high social position) that comes from having this: Cultural capital boosts social status, helping someone to talk confidently in different social groups, to access higher education, and to be successful at work. People may use linguistic forms that are perceived as having prestige in order to gain cultural capital. Vikram's cultural background is Indian, Diego's is Hispanic, and MJ's is as WASP as can be. MJ is the only one with the cultural capital that allows him to walk around shoeless, with an air of disaffection, and the complicated racial dynamics of America play out differently for Vikram and Diego, too. WASP: an acronym, stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. It is a term used to describe a group of people in the United States, particularly those of English or other northern European Protestant ancestry, who are considered to be part of the dominant cultural group. The term often implies a privileged social and economic status within American society. wiki: In the field of sociology, cultural capital comprises the social assets of a person (education, intellect, style of speech, style of dress, social capital, etc.) that promote social mobility in a stratified society ( stratified [ˈstrætəˌfɑɪd] 阶级化的 arranged in separate layers. A stratified society is one that is divided into different classes or social layers. ...a highly stratified, unequal and class-divided society. stratified rock. a stratified society. stratify [ˈstræt.ɪ.faɪ] to arrange the different parts of something in separate layers or groups. to divide (a society) into horizontal status groups or (of a society) to develop such groups The sample of people questioned was drawn from the university's student register and stratified by age and gender. a stratified society. stratification [ˌstræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən] the parts of something exist in or have been arranged into separate groups: The prime minister wants to reduce social stratification and make the country a classless society. Even in family stratification the role of women is hidden. ). Cultural capital functions as a social relation within an economy of practices (i.e. system of exchange), and includes the accumulated cultural knowledge that confers social status and power; thus cultural capital comprises the material and symbolic goods, without distinction, that society considers rare and worth seeking. There are three types of cultural capital: (i) embodied capital, (ii) objectified capital, and (iii) institutionalised capital. disaffected [ˌdɪsəˈfɛktɪd] 怀有不满的, 有意见的, 不满足的, 不满的, 不满意 adj. dissatisfied, especially with people in authority or a system of control. no longer supporting or being satisfied with an organization or idea: disaffected voter The party needs to take steps to attract disaffected voters. "a military plot by disaffected elements in the army". Young people who are disaffected are no longer satisfied with society's values. feeling unhappy about and separate from an organization or idea that you once supported: Charges of incompetence were made by disaffected members of the club. disaffected teenager It's hard to cope with a class of disaffected teenagers. disaffected youth 心怀不满的, 对社会不满的 There were serious riots among economically disaffected youths in some cities. disaffection the quality of no longer supporting or being satisfied with a system, organization, or idea. Disaffection is the attitude that people have when they stop supporting something such as an organization or political ideal. ...people's disaffection with their country and its leaders. a growing disaffection with the country's political leaders. Poverty clearly causes disaffection and unrest. 7. "No guts, no glory 狭路相逢勇者胜, 不入虎穴焉得虎子, " means that you need to accept a risk in order to achieve something. Things are not easy to get without hard work and the risk of failing. Success does not come without the courage to take risks. I was certainly nervous to start playing again after such a bad injury, but no guts, no glory, right? After a triumphant Friday night school football game — where the guts-and-glory and sheer beauty of bodies flashing down a field is depicted with exhilaration — the three boys head off to a party. They meet up with another kid, an annoying bully, Stanley, and the four of them enter a nearby cave. When they leave, Stanley is badly injured. "Hit the links 打高尔夫" is a common idiom in golf meaning to go play golf. The phrase refers to the "links" of a golf course, which are the pathways connecting the holes. It's a way of saying someone is going to play a round of golf. links: I. Scotland : sand hills especially along the seashore. II. golf course, specifically a golf course on linksland. wiki: The game of golf originated on the sandy hills of Scotland on a type of terrain known as links or linksland. Eventually, the game's layout came to be called by the same name as the land, and links developed the meaning of "a golf course built on the coastline," which eventually broadened to include any golf course. Links is ultimately derived from the Old English word hlincas, the plural of hlinc, meaning "ridge," and teed off in 15th-century Scottish English as a name for sandy, hilly terrain. Britain has a number of old-fashioned links courses (built to resemble the Scottish landscape and located on the coastline), and there are a few in the United States as well. "Liquid sex = squirting" is a slang term, often referring to female ejaculation or squirting, a phenomenon where women discharge a fluid during sexual arousal or orgasm. It's also sometimes used in the context of sexual fluidity, a concept describing a person's sexual orientation not being fixed. 8. double-talk = doublespeak 含糊其辞, 不知所云 disapproving talk that has no real meaning or that is intended to confuse. language that has no real meaning or has more than one meaning and is intended to hide the truth. If you refer to what someone says as doublespeak, you are criticizing them for presenting things in a way that is intended to hide the truth or give people the wrong idea. language used to deceive usually through concealment or misrepresentation of truth. ...the doublespeak so fluently used by governments and their press offices. He accused the ambassador of diplomatic double-talk. vocabulary: Words that appear at first glance to mean one thing but actually hide (or even reverse) their true meaning are known as doublespeak. When a company "downsizes," that actually means a lot of people are losing their jobs. Instead of a blunt, straightforward word or phrase, doublespeak uses euphemisms and ambiguity to disguise or soften a message. Military leaders might refer to "servicing the target" when they mean dropping bombs, and a used car salesman most likely prefers describing older vehicles as "pre-owned." The word doublespeak comes from the George Orwell novel 1984 and is a cross between Orwell's terms doublethink and Newspeak. gobbledygook = gobbledegook 晦涩难懂 [ˈɡɑb·əl·diˌɡʊk] wordy and generally unintelligible jargon. language that sounds important and official but is difficult to understand. If you describe a speech or piece of writing as gobbledygook, you are criticizing it for seeming like nonsense and being very technical or complicated. When he asked questions, the answers came back in Wall Street gobbledygook. This computer manual is gobbledygook.
Trade war: Even today, an explicit declaration of victory would seem shortsighted in the face of economic data that has presented steady stream of contradictory signals and warning signs that in many ways mirror the disorienting nature of a trade policy without modern historical precedent. The executive authority Trump triggered to underpin a wide swath of his tariffs faces an acute risk in court. Trump's tariff approach remains deeply unpopular in public polling. But as the world approached Trump's August 1 "reciprocal" tariff deadline, Trump and his economic advisers share an unmistakable sense of vindication. Bilateral deals with major trading partners have rolled in over the last week. The average effective tariff rate on imports to the US sits at its highest level in nearly a century. Tariff revenue is soaring. Financial markets have settled, and stocks have bounced consistently around record highs in recent weeks. Predictions of soaring inflation haven't come to fruition 成为现实. The broader US economy has remained remarkably resilient through it all. There's no hedging ( hedge a way of protecting, controlling, or limiting something: hedge against She'd made some overseas investments as a hedge against rising inflation in this country. verb. I. to limit something severely: be hedged about with We've got permission, but it's hedged about with strict conditions. be hedged around with Any answer to that question has to be hedged around with lots of caveats. II. 回避问题 躲避问题. to try to avoid giving an answer or taking any action. To hedge is also to try to avoid giving an answer or taking any action: Officials continued to hedge on exactly when the program would begin. Stop hedging and tell me what you really think. III. to protect yourself from a risk, especially a financial one: hedge a risk These bonds would help financial funds hedge their risks. hedge against Higher worldwide inflation has increased the need for investors to hedge against unexpected price changes. ) from a West Wing keenly aware of their distinctly minority position on the efficacy of Trump's tariffs over the course of the last four months. For all the volatility in the weeks after Trump's April 2 "reciprocal" tariff announcement, Trump and his economic advisers held firm in the belief that they'd reach this point. It was a position that ran counter to 相悖, 大相径庭 just about every mainstream economist, was an anathema 不被喜欢, 被厌恶 to the national security and economic pillars of the post-World War II era and cemented the long-running – but no less stunning – ideological evolution on tariffs within the Republican Party that Trump launched with his first presidential campaign. While there have been differences on strategy and scale, that simply perception never meshed with ( mesh with sth 与...相啮合 I. 啮合 (of toothed gears) engage; interlock (with others) The cogs don't quite mesh. II. (fig) 适配. 协调; 相配; 配合; 适应. harmonize; be compatible; fit in. To fit easily, believably, or acceptably with something else. Your testimony doesn't mesh with what you told police officers on the night of the incident. I'm afraid your ideas for the company's future just don't mesh with our long-term goals. I just didn't mesh with her, you know? Our interests were too different, so we didn't have much in common. Our future plans must mesh with existing practices. ) reality behind the scenes. Most importantly, unlike in Trump's first term, when advisers like Gary Cohn and Steve Mnuchin made overt efforts to limit the president's tariff impulses, the president's advisers this time have all been explicit that they aren't there to chart their own path ( chart a future 规划未来, 谋划未来: They don't intend to fail, but they chart their future clumsily out of ignorance, inexperience, misconceptions. With a blank sheet to chart the future of football, perhaps we would eliminate the subjectivity of refereeing. It certainly reflects the trust that the people place in you to chart the future course of your nation. The last step was to create a long term strategic plan to chart a future course for the city's fire department. chart a path: His mastery of law and political strategy allowed him to chart a path through 'the king's great matter'. It can first help people to clarify what their financial goals are and then chart a path to reaching them. She explores the frontiers of her discipline and addresses profound questions about life itself, charting the path from a single cell to a trillion-cell organism.). Trump decides, and they execute, whether it was their preferred option or not, White House officials said. Trump's first term featured sweeping tariff threats that were inevitably met with resistance within Trump's own advisers and moderated 降温 before ever reaching the implementation point. Stephen Miran walked to the lectern to deliver remarks at a Washington think tank during a moment of global market chaos. Five days after "Liberation Day," stocks were in the midst of their worst three-day percentage drop since the onset of the Covid Pandemic five years prior. The bond market was sending unnerving signs about faith in US stability. Miran, the chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers, didn't portray any similar anxiety as he began remarks outlining Trump's view that the global trading system had put the US at a disadvantage and didn't adequately account for the benefit derived from the security and stability provided by US. Quite the opposite." Most economists and some investors dismiss tariffs as counterproductive at best and devastatingly harmful at worst," Miran said to the audience. "They're wrong." Miran viewed the speech as an opportunity to explain a strategy White House officials thought was deeply misunderstood outside of the building. "What was going through my mind is that these things were really poorly understood and that people don't understand what's going on," Miran said in an interview this week with CNN. "There's a tendency to think that history began yesterday—that the status quo ante is inherently fair and any attempt to disrupt it is unfair. But that's simply not true."
Both "enemy to someone" and "enemy of someone" are grammatically correct and can be used to express the same idea of an antagonistic relationship. However, "enemy of someone" is generally preferred and considered more idiomatic. "Enemy of someone 表示是敌人, 处于敌对状态, 是一种一般性的状态": This phrasing is the more common and natural way to express that someone is an enemy to another person. It implies a state of opposition or hostility between the two individuals. "Enemy to someone 表示对...有害或者正在伤害..., 伤害是正在进行的": While grammatically correct, this phrasing can sometimes sound less natural. It can also be interpreted as implying a dynamic where one person is actively being harmed or opposed by another, rather than a general state of antagonism. "He is an enemy of his former business partner." (More natural). "She considers him an enemy to her political ambitions." (Can also work, but "enemy of" is more common). "The two countries have been enemies of each other for decades." "The disease is an enemy to the patient's health." (Here, "enemy to" works well because the disease is actively harming the patient). enemy: I. something harmful or prejudical. His unbridled 克制不了的野心 [ʌnˈbrʌɪdld] ambition is his worst enemy. II. something that harms or opposes; adversary. If one thing is the enemy of another thing, the second thing cannot happen or succeed because of the first thing. something that harms something else: Familiarity is the enemy of desire 熟悉是欲望的死敌. Reform, as we know, is the enemy of revolution. courage is the enemy of failure. III. 做修饰语 belonging to a hostile power or to any of its nationals. enemy property. an enemy alien. enemy aircraft. He searched the skies for enemy bombers. IV. a person who hates or opposes another person and tries to harm them or stop them from doing something: make an enemy He's made a few enemies in this company. Max stole Lee's girlfriend and they've been enemies ever since. political enemies.
