shadow docket = non-merits docket; countenance; externality;

用法学习: 1. unconscionable (形容 action, decision, 一般不用于形容人) I. morally unacceptable. unacceptable because of being too extreme: It is unconscionable to say that some kids don't deserve an education. To make people feel shame or guilt for being ill is unconscionable. This unconscionable policy will cause great suffering. II. mainly UK unacceptably great in amount: After waiting for an unconscionable amount of time, we were told to come back later. If you had only a moderate amount of mutton chop for yourself it would not be unconscionable to charge a very high interest. There have been cases in which there have been unconscionable delays by planning authorities. I have often said that the commitment to a funded index-linked scheme will cost an unconscionable amount of money. conscionable [ˈkɒn.ʃən.ə.bəl] 不符合道德标准的, 符合良心的, 良心上可以接受的 (to describe action, or decision, 一般不用于形容人) morally acceptable. acceptable to one's conscience This sort of behavior is at the limit of what I consider to be conscionable. The committee's decision to continue with this project is just not conscionable. conscientious [ˌkɒnʃɪˈɛnʃəs] I. 认真, 尽责的, 一丝不苟的. 认真负责的. 尽职尽责的. 工作认真的. work or duty well and thoroughly. putting a lot of effort into your work. feeling a moral responsibility to do your work carefully and to be fair to others. serious about your work and putting a lot of effort into doing it in a careful way: He was very conscientious about checking every detail. Greg Smith is a conscientious and dedicated worker who will be an asset to your company. She was a conscientious worker, and I'll miss her. a conscientious student. "a conscientious man, he took his duties very seriously". We are generally very conscientious about our work. Virginia was still struggling to be a conscientious and dedicated mother. He studied conscientiously and enthusiastically. Yet, again, even the rejection of some temptation leaves conscientious practitioners vulnerable. For conscientious members of a community, they provide at least additional reasons for conformity to the law. What renders a performance authentic or convincing is the degree to which it reflects the pianist's conscientious, heroic attempt at performance itself. It thereby reinforces the willingness of conscientious members of the community. Yet the duties and the interests that are weighed are creations of the culture in which the conscientious person lives. Are they simply part of the "humanity factor" to be expected from even the most skilled and conscientious healthcare professionals? She remains an overly conscientious woman with subsyndromal but not overt anxiety symptoms. Although he occasionally allowed works implicitly critical of government policy, he appears to have been conscientious in his duties. II. relating to a person's conscience. "the individual is denied even the opportunity to break the law on conscientious grounds". 2. corridor n. A narrow hall or passage with rooms leading off it, for example in railway carriages. the corridors of power = the halls of power 高层, 权力阶层, 当权者, 权力中枢 the highest level of government where the most important decisions are made. places where people talk about issues and make important decisions especially about political matters. the corridors of power in Washington, D.C. His laziness became a legend in the corridors of power. He is beautiful and much beloved in the corridors of power. I understand fully that this great industry has far too little political clout in the corridors of power. After all, he has been diverted from the corridors of power to the tunnel of technology. passageway I. A covered walkway, between rooms or buildings. II. Any way for passing in, out or through something. passage ['pæsidʒ] I. A passageway or corridor. II. A paragraph or section of text or music with particular meaning. passage of scripture. She struggled to play the difficult passages. III. Part of a path or journey. He made his passage through the trees carefully, mindful of the stickers. IV. The official approval of a bill or act by a parliament. The company was one of the prime movers in lobbying for the passage of the act. a rite of passage 成人礼, 成年仪式 an activity or ceremony that shows that someone has reached an important new stage in their life, especially the start of their adult life There's an element of danger to most adolescent rites of passage, whether they be driving, sex, alcohol or drugs. Hallway 走廊 a passageway whose purpose is to provide access to other rooms. A corridor in a building that connects rooms. Where the hall inside the front door of a house is elongated延长, 加长, 拉长, it may be called a passage, corridor, or hallway. A hall monitor is a student volunteer in American schools who is charged with maintaining order 维持秩序 in the school's corridors. They may be either students who are chosen for the position because they are responsible负责任的, or that may be chosen on a rota from all available students (a dorm monitor室长, 舍监, similarly, is a student or teacher volunteer in schools who is charged with maintaining order in a school's dormitories, i.e. making sure children are in bed asleep and not disturbing others). While specific duties vary between establishments, hall monitors typically check that students who are outside of their classrooms during lesson times have a valid hall pass, maintain overall good conduct in the corridors by preventing running and rowdy 喧闹的, 吵闹的 behavior, and ensure students are punctual in attending classes. Hall monitors may also be posted to a school's doors in order to prevent unauthorized entry during recess, in which case they may be known as door monitors. A hall monitor may have extra privileges and authority that is not afforded to other students, though the exact nature varies between schools. Hall monitors are most commonly found in junior and middle schools within the United States, but they may also be found in other countries under different names, or with slightly different duties. 4. forever and a day a very long time or for a very long time: They take forever and a day to get anything done. This is something I've dreamed about forever and a day. I'm going to love him for ever and a day. oomph [ʊmf] 蓬松感 power, strength, or energetic activity. ( enthusiasm, vigour, energy, or power. sex appeal.) If you say that someone or something has oomph, you mean that they are energetic and exciting. 'There's no buzz, there's no oomph about the place,' he complained. It's important to have a person with some oomph in charge of the department. UK You want a car with a bit of oomph. My pillow has lost its oomphy after one year of sleeping on it. It must have copped some beating. note: If your pillow feels flat and lacks its original fluffiness, it has likely lost its "oomph". This can be due to a few factors, including compression from daily use, moisture buildup, or simply age. Fortunately, you can revive a flat pillow with a few simple techniques. Daily fluffing, using the "accordion method" (pushing and pulling the pillow from opposite ends), or even a gentle cycle in the dryer with tennis balls can help redistribute the filling and restore its shape. Why your pillow might be losing its "ommf": Wear and tear. Over time, the materials in your pillow can compress and break down, especially if you sleep in the same position every night. Moisture: Sweat and oils from your head can seep into the pillow, causing the filling to clump or degrade. Type of filling: Some pillow fillings, like down or memory foam, are more prone to losing their shape and support over time. How to revive your pillow (or know when to replace it): Give the pillow a good shake and push it from end to end and side to side. This can help redistribute the filling and restore some of its fluffiness. Washing: If your pillow is machine washable, follow the instructions on the care label. Use a gentle cycle with cold water and add dryer balls or tennis balls to help fluff it during the drying process. Adding a pillow insert: You can add a firmer pillow insert or a folded towel inside the pillowcase to provide extra support, says Pain Free Aussies. Replacing your pillow: If your pillow is consistently flat, lumpy, or causing aches and pains, it's likely time to replace it. Most experts recommend replacing pillows every 1-2 years. 5. beating I. a defeat. If something such as a business, a political party, or a team takes a beating, it is defeated by a large amount in a competition or election. Our firm has taken a terrible beating in recent years. We took a beating (= we were defeated) in our last game. II. 痛殴. 胖揍. 痛打. an act of hitting someone repeatedly and hard. the act of hitting someone hard and repeatedly: She gave her son a severe beating. He escaped a beating. fig. This chair has taken a beating over the years (= been used often and damaged). If someone is given a beating, they are hit hard many times, especially with something such as a stick. ...after a savage beating by fellow inmates. The team secured pictures of prisoners showing signs of severe beatings. sth will take some beating 难以打败, 难以降服, 难以超越 If you say that something will take some beating, you mean that it is very good and it is unlikely that anything better will be done or made. For sheer scale and grandeur, Leeds Castle in Kent takes some beating. be hard/tough to beat to take some considerable effort to match or surpass. His wonderful performance will be hard/tough to beat. 6. fight fire with fire 以牙还牙, 以其人之道还制其人之身 use the weapons or tactics of one's enemy or opponent, even if one finds them distasteful. to use the same methods as someone else in order to defeat them. If you fight fire with fire, you deal with people attacking or threatening you by using similar methods to the ones that they are using. The only way they can deal with crime is to fight fire with fire. While governors in New York and California have promised to "fight fire with fire," their hands are tied by their own state laws. a soft touch = an easy touch 心软的人 I. someone who you can easily persuade to do what you want. someone who is easy to control or get money from. If you say that someone is a soft touch or an easy touch, you mean that they can easily be persuaded to lend you money or to do things for you. One who is easy to control or manipulate; one who bends to the desires or demands of others. Julia is a soft touch—we can get her to help us with this prank. My dad was pretty strict when we were growing up, but he turned into a real soft touch when he got older. Tom was always such a soft touch for his daughter, always jumping through hoops to make her happy. Mr Wilson is no soft touch. Pamela was an easy touch when she needed some cash.  The chief, obviously a soft touch, gave him ten bucks. II. A kind and tender way of acting. I don't have the patience to be a kindergarten teacher, but you'll be great at it because you have a really soft touch. Alex doesn't have a soft touch, so I'm curious to see how he fares on his pediatrics rotation. You should volunteer at the local animal shelter—I mean, you always have a soft touch with the neighborhood cats, so why not? it's looking that way 看起来是那样的, 恐怕是会的 The topic of discussion is likely true or apt to happen. A: "Do you think Dad will be late?" B: "Yeah, his last text said it was looking that way." A: "Do you think we'll land that big client?" B: "I don't know for sure, but it's looking that way—the boss just went into some important meeting with them." It certainly looks that way. 7. nudge I. to push something or someone gently, especially to push someone with your elbow (= the middle part of your arm where it bends) to attract the person's attention. to push someone or something gently, sometimes to get someone's attention: My wife nudged me to tell me to get off the phone so that she could use it. The children were giggling and nudging each other. He nudged the cat off the sofa so that he could sit down. II. to move slowly and almost reach a higher point or level. to move by a small amount in a particular direction, especially up, or make something do this: Shares in the company nudged higher while its competitors' shares fell. nudge up Interest rates are gently nudging up. nudge sth up The Federal Reserve began nudging interest rates up. nudge (sth) down The credit card nudged down the APR of loans taken out online from 6.1% to 5.9%. Oil prices continue to nudge higher. Peter must be nudging 40 now. II. to encourage or persuade someone to do something in a way that is gentle rather than forceful or direct: He cleverly nudges us towards the conclusion he himself has reached. Do you find your parents nudging you in the direction of further study? noun. I. the act of pushing someone or something gently: I gave him a nudge to wake him up. II. 督促. 敦促. something that encourages or persuades someone to do something in a gentle way, or the act of doing this: Her words gave me the nudge I needed to learn to bake. This incentive was a nudge in the right direction. a small action that encourages something to happen: Gold reacts to the smallest nudge of the US dollar. III. a slight change in the value or level of something, usually an increase: give sth/get a nudge Before long medical costs will get another upward nudge as the number of older people in rich countries rises. give a nudge to sth News that retail sales rose more than most had expected gave a nudge to a number of retail stocks. 8. liven up 活跃起来 I. If a place or event livens up, or if something livens it up, it becomes more interesting and exciting. How could we decorate the room to liven it up? The multicoloured rag rug was chosen to liven up the grey carpet. The arena livens up only on Saturdays and Sundays when a flea market is open there. II. If people liven up, or if something livens them up, they become more cheerful and energetic. Talking about her daughters livens her up. George livens up after midnight, relaxing a little. Personally I think the character is a bit dull, but don't worry, I'll liven her up. live it up 好好活着, 享受生活 to have an exciting and very enjoyable time with parties, good food and drink, etc. spend one's time in an extremely enjoyable way, typically by being extravagant or engaging in an exciting social life. "they're living it up in Hawaii". He's alive and well and living it up in the Bahamas. 8. foundling [ˈfaʊnd.lɪŋ] a young child who is left by its parents and then found and cared for by someone else. A foundling is a baby that has been abandoned by its parents, often in a public place, and that has then been found by someone. This episode shows how the mysteries surrounding foundlings shape entire lives. striped screw: A "crammed screw( A "crammed out screw" typically refers to a screw where the head has been damaged, usually by stripping the screw head's drive (the slot or indentation that a screwdriver engages with). This damage prevents a screwdriver or drill from effectively gripping the screw, making it difficult or impossible to turn and remove. )" likely refers to a screw that is stuck or difficult to remove, possibly due to being stripped, rusted, or cross-threaded. Several methods can be employed to remove such screws, including using a rubber band for added grip, cutting a new slot for a screwdriver, or using specialized tools like screw extractors. A stripped screw is a screw that has been damaged in its head, specifically in the drive (the slot or recess 凹陷, 凹槽 where the screwdriver or drill bit engages). This damage prevents the screwdriver or drill from gripping the screw, making it difficult or impossible to turn the screw, whether tightening or loosening it. Essentially, the screw head's ability to transfer rotational force from the driving tool is compromised. 9. Need an extra set of hands for your next home renovation project? You need a vice grip! Also known as mole wrenches, mole grips, or locking pliers, vice grips have a locking feature allowing them to clamp tight and lock, helping you make a good cut, get current measurements, free a stripped bolt, and more. Locking pliers (also called Vise-Grips, Mole wrench or Mole grips) are pliers that can be locked into position, using an "over-center"cam action. Locking pliers are available with many different jaw styles, such as needle-nose pliers, wrenches, clamps and various shapes to fix metal parts for welding. They also come in many sizes. a turn in the road 大转弯, 大转变 A sudden or dramatic deviation from one's current course of action or development, especially one that causes problems or requires significant readjustment. The economic crisis has created many turns in the road for our company, but we're always ready to adapt and survive. The coach's sudden resignation was another turn in the road for a team already beset by setbacks. What a turn in the road!!! the done thing mainly UK = US usually the thing to do 规矩, 不成文的规定, 惯例, 正常的事 what you are expected to do in a social situation. If you say that something is the done thing, you mean it is the most socially acceptable way to behave. Don't forget to shake hands - it's the done thing, you know. It was not the done thing. In those days the man was supposed to be the provider. not suffer fools gladly 受不了蠢人的, 不愿迁就笨人, 不能容忍愚蠢者 to have very little patience with people who you think are stupid or have stupid ideas. If you do not suffer fools gladly, you are not patient with people who you think are stupid. She doesn't suffer fools gladly and, in her view, most people are fools. clincher 关键, 决定因素, 让人最后下定决心的东西 something that helps someone make a decision. a final item to be considered that makes a decision firm after you have been tending toward it, or anything that finally decides a matter: It was the offer of a large discount on the TV that was the real clincher. The minivan was big enough for eight people and when we heard the price – that was the clincher! a fact, argument, or event that settles a matter conclusively. A clincher is a fact or argument that finally proves something, settles a dispute, or helps someone achieve a victory. "Sixsmith scored the clincher after 81 minutes". DNA fingerprinting has proved the clincher in this investigation. The clincher was City's second goal, scored minutes from the end. 10. denial is not (just) a river in Egypt 不承认是没用的, 不承认是吧, 别不承认 cliché A humorous phrase used to highlight the fact that someone is in denial about something. (A pun on the colloquial pronunciation of "the Nile.") Used to point out that somebody is in a state of psychological denial.  A: "I mean, I just want to know how she's doing, that's all. I'm totally not still in love with her or anything." B: "Uh huh. Denial is not just a river in Egypt, you know." The boss thinks he can salvage this project by throwing more money at it. Someone should let him know that denial isn't a river in Egypt. Denial is not just a river in Egypt if Pamela seriously thinks she can get a good grade in this class without handing in any homework. "Gift horse" most commonly refers to the idiom "don't look a gift horse in the mouth 别挑三拣四, 别挑刺, 别白吃包子馅鲜蒜," which means you shouldn't be critical or unappreciative when someone gives you a gift or offers a kindness. It implies that you should be grateful for the gift and not question its value or quality. The phrase originates from the practice of assessing a horse's age by examining its teeth, a rude act when receiving a gift. "play someone like a fiddle/violin 玩的团团转, 玩弄于股掌之上" means to manipulate or control someone skillfully, often by exploiting their emotions or weaknesses. It implies a one-sided interaction where one person is easily controlled by another. To easily and deftly manipulate someone to suit one's own needs, ends, or benefits. That travelling salesman played me like a fiddle. Now what am I going to do with all this junk that he convinced me to buy? Can't you see that his flattery is totally insincere? He's playing you like a fiddle! overheat I. to (cause to) become hotter than necessary or wanted. If something overheats or if you overheat it, it becomes hotter than is necessary or desirable. The engine was overheating and the car was not handling well. Why do we pay to overheat pubs and hotels? ...that stuffy, overheated apartment. I think the engine is overheating. It isn't healthy to overheat your house. II. 经济过热. If an economy overheats, it grows very quickly, so that prices, etc. increase quickly. if an economy or market overheats, it grows too quickly, causing inflation and other problems. If a country's economy overheats or if conditions overheat it, it grows so rapidly that inflation and interest rates rise very quickly. Excessive liquidity is causing the economy to overheat. The property market has overheated dramatically in the past 12 months. The private sector is increasing its spending so sharply that the economy is overheating. Their prime consideration has been not to overheat the economy. ...the disastrous consequences of an overheated market. 11. countenance [ˈkaʊn.tən.əns] 同意, 认可, 接受 noun. the appearance or expression of someone's face. Someone's countenance is their face. He met each inquiry with an impassive countenance. He was of noble countenance. II. approval: give countenance to We will not give countenance to any kind of terrorism. lend countenance to I cannot find any authority which lends countenance to that theory. verb. to approve of or give support to something. If someone will not countenance something, they do not agree with it and will not allow it to happen. to find an activity acceptable; to approve of or give support to something: This school will not countenance lateness. Jake would not countenance Janis's marrying while still a student. ...the military men who refused to countenance the overthrow of the president. The school will not countenance bad behaviour. condone [kənˈdəʊn] 认可, 支持, 接受 I. accept (behaviour that is considered morally wrong or offensive). "the college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs". II. approve or sanction (something), especially with reluctance. "those arrested were released and the exhibition was officially condoned a few weeks later". condolence [kənˈdəʊ.ləns] 同情 sympathy and sadness for the family or close friends of a person who has recently died, or an expression of this, especially in written form. an expression of sympathy esp. for the family of a person who has recently died, or the sympathy expressed: a letter of condolence 同情信. Dignitaries from all over the world came to offer their condolences. The mayor offered his condolences. commiseration [kəˌmɪz.əˈreɪ.ʃən] 同情 I. an expression of sympathy for someone, especially someone who has lost a competition. the feeling or expression of sympathy or compassion for another's misfortune Commiserations on losing the match! II. a feeling or expression of sympathy for someone about some bad luck: She gave me a look of commiseration as I entered the room. commiserate [kə'mɪzəreɪt] If you commiserate with someone, you show them pity or sympathy when something unpleasant has happened to them. When I lost, he commiserated with me. After half an hour's commiseration, we turned to more practical matters. We have sent the team our commiserations. 12. The shadow docket 临时判决, 非正式判决 (or non-merits docket) refers to motions and orders in the Supreme Court of the United States in cases which have not yet reached final judgment, decision on appeal, and oral argument. This especially refers to stays (A stay of proceedings is a ruling by the court in civil and criminal procedure that halts further legal process in a trial or other legal proceeding. The court can subsequently lift the stay and resume proceedings based on events taking place after the stay is ordered. However, a stay is sometimes used as a device to postpone proceedings indefinitely. ) and injunctions (preliminary relief), but also includes summary decisions and grant, vacate, remand (GVR) orders. The phrase "shadow docket" was first used in this context in 2015 by University of Chicago Law professor William Baude. The shadow docket is a break from ordinary procedure. Such cases receive very limited briefings and are typically decided a week or less after an application is filed. The process generally results in short, unsigned rulings. On the other hand, merits cases 正式判决( If you judge something or someone on merit or on their merits, your judgment is based on what you notice when you consider them, rather than on things that you know about them from other sources. Everybody is selected on merit. Each case is judged on its merits. merit [ˈmer.ɪt] noun. the quality of being good and deserving praise: an entertaining film with little artistic merit. Her ideas have merit. Brierley's book has the merit of being both informative and readable. the merits of something the advantages something has compared to something else: We discussed the merits of herbal tea. on your (own) merits according to the qualities you have or have shown, without considering any other information or comparing you to someone else: The committee will consider each applicant on his or her own merits. verb. If something merits a particular treatment, it deserves or is considered important enough to be treated in that way: This plan merits careful attention. The accident merited only a small paragraph in the local paper. ) take months, include oral argument, and result in lengthy opinions detailing the reasoning of the majority and concurring and dissenting justices, if any. The shadow docket is used when the Court believes an applicant will suffer "irreparable harm" if its request is not immediately granted. Historically, the shadow docket was rarely used for rulings of serious legal or political significance. However, since 2017, it has been increasingly used for consequential rulings, especially for requests by the Department of Justice for emergency stays of lower-court rulings. The practice has been criticized for various reasons, including for bias, lack of transparency, and lack of accountability. 13. In economics, an externality ( externality [ɪkˌstɜːˈnæl.ə.ti] 外部成本, 外部效应, 溢出效应 a positive or negative effect for someone else as a result of something that you do: Economists sometimes underestimate the actual cost of doing business because they don't include externalities like environmental damage from pollution. Transport creates some positive externalities because it stimulates economic growth and creates jobs. II. social science specialized the quality of being outside something or someone: It is the object's externality that constitutes its very essence as an object that we can perceive. How can we perceive the externality of objective reality in a representation that lacks this property? III. damage caused by a company's activities for which it does not pay, or something positive created by it for which it does not receive payment: Governments, through laws and regulations, attempt to transfer the costs of externalities such as pollution back to the responsible parties. ) is an indirect cost 间接成本, 边际成本 (external cost) or indirect benefit 间接效应 (external benefit) to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's (or parties') activity. Externalities can be considered as unpriced components that are involved in either consumer or producer consumption. Air pollution from motor vehicles is one example. The cost of air pollution to society is not paid by either the producers or users of motorized transport. Water pollution from mills and factories are another example. All (water) consumers are made worse off by pollution but are not compensated by the market for this damage. 14. root and branch = roots and all 连根拔起, 从根本上, 整体, 全部, 从根到茎 completely. If something has been completely changed or destroyed, you can say that it has been changed or destroyed root and branch. Racism must be eliminated, root and branch. Abolitionists (废奴主义, 又称废除主义, 奴隶废除论) wanted to destroy slavery root and branch. Some prison practices are in need of root and branch reform.