runout

用法学习: 1. runout: I. In the context of the automotive industry, "in runout" means a car model is in its final phase of production and sales before being permanently discontinued or replaced by a new generation. When a vehicle line enters "runout," dealerships are actively clearing out remaining factory stock to make room for future models. The current-generation Renault Koleos is in runout after a stellar run as one of Renault Australia's most popular models, with more than 21,000 examples sold. II. an act or instance of expiring or becoming depleted the runout of a union contract. a runout in office supplies. III. Something that has been run out. The landslide had a long runout. note: In geology and natural hazard engineering, runout means the total distance a landslide travels from its source to its final resting place. A "long runout" means the falling rock, mud, or debris moved exceptionally far horizontally, often defying standard friction model. The freeway guardrail runout around this object is shorter than recommended. note: In civil and highway engineering, runout length refers to the theoretical distance needed for an errant vehicle that has veered off the highway to come to a safe stop. When a report states that the guardrail runout is "shorter than recommended," it means the barrier does not extend far enough upstream (in front of the object) to capture a car drifting off the road at high speeds. The runout length is defined as the distance from the hazard to the point where a vehicle is assumed to leave the road. Obviously, the longer the runout length, the longer the guardrail. III. The end portion of the groove of a phonographic record, after the recorded sound. 2. rubric [ˈruː.brɪk] I. 规则. 准则. a set of instructions, especially on an exam paper, usually printed in a different style or colour. A rubric is a set of rules or instructions, for example the rules at the beginning of an examination paper. Either she had been poorly prepared by her teachers or the exam rubric was unclear. Read/Follow the rubric carefully. Essay writing is a core part of American high school, mainly in English and history classes. It's drilled 练习, 训练 heavily because it's also the format for timed writing on exams like AP tests.  Teachers grade with rubrics 打分规则 covering thesis, evidence, organization, and grammar, and often require drafts and revisions. Grammar, spelling, and sentence variety count toward the grade — most teachers grade on a rubric splitting points among thesis, evidence, organization, and mechanics. II. A rubric is a title or heading under which something operates or is studied. The aid comes under the rubric of technical co-operation between governments. 3. Balkanisation is the process of breaking a larger region, state, or system into smaller, mutually hostile, and independent entities. balkanization = balkanisation [ˌbɔːl.kə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən] disapproving I. the process of dividing a region or group into smaller regions, groups, etc., especially ones that are unfriendly to or fight with each other, or the process of becoming divided like this. If you disapprove of the division of a country into separate independent states, you can refer to the Balkanization of the country. We can't accept the fragmentation or balkanization of the country. He insists that America is different because it does not have the same type of balkanization as seen in the history of Europe. Some fear the government's concessions to a rebel organization will lead to a Balkanisation of the nation. The ABC presenter asked Mr Joyce whether he agreed with Senator Hanson's characterisation of Muslims after Senator Hanson said in the program: "Muslims breed, and the taxpayer pays". Mr Joyce responded by saying problems arose when communities failed to assimilate, arguing "Balkanisation" created divisions that were "at odds with the egalitarian ethos of Australia". II. the process of causing or allowing a system or culture to become divided between different groups or areas of interest, especially ones that compete or disagree with each other, or the process of it becoming divided like this: The poll confirms how deeply the balkanization of the media is, he said. What we are seeing is the Balkanization of the Internet, she claims. balkanize [ˈbɔːl.kə.naɪz] I. to divide a region or group into smaller regions, groups, etc., especially ones that are unfriendly to or fight with each other, or to become divided like this: He stated that the assassination was part of a conspiracy to balkanize the country and the region. "I'm afraid we are going to either balkanize or become a fascist dictatorship," she says. II. to cause or allow a system or culture to become divided between different groups or areas of interest, especially ones that compete or disagree with each other, or to become divided like this: He wanted to break the barriers of specialization that he felt were balkanizing Western education. They divided the company into several independent operating businesses, which served to further Balkanise the sports group. 4. repeal: 废止法律(立法行为). abolish: 彻底废除制度/体系, 废止制度, 习俗或系统性的事物. 彻底消灭. Revoke: 撤销许可/决定/命令, 用于具体授权或裁决. overturn: 推翻(法院)判决, 司法专用. Nullify: 宣告无效, 强调法律上失效. rescind [rɪˈsɪnd]: 撤销, 废除. 常用于撤销法令,决议或协议. 语气较为正式. The board decided to rescind its earlier resolution. repeal [rɪˈpiːl] 废止法律条文, 废除(法律) If a government repeals a law, it causes that law no longer to have any legal force. If the government repeals a law, it officially ends it, so that it is no longer valid. The government has just repealed the law segregating public facilities. That year was the 60th anniversary of the repeal of Prohibition. The official insisted on anonymity on a call with reporters to preview the president's actions and said Mr Trump signed three proclamations to launch the tariffs under Section 338 of the 1930 Trade Act. Several Democratic politicians last year proposed repealing the section because they said Mr Trump could use it to destabilise the economy. 6. preamble [ˈpriː.æm.bəl] 前言 I. publishing specialized an introduction to a speech or piece of writing. an introduction to a speech or piece of writing. an introductory statement in a document—such as a law, constitution, or resolution—that explains its purpose and underlying philosophy. Derived from Latin, it acts as a "preface" that outlines goals or historical context. A preamble is an introduction that comes before something you say or write. The controversy has arisen over the text of the preamble to the unification treaty. II. colloquially used to describe an action that precedes or introduces another event. something that happens before or leads to something else: 'I would like you to return to the villa as soon as possible,' she said without preamble. The agreement between the warring parties to talk may be a preamble to peace. III. A preamble is an introductory statement in a document—such as a law, constitution, or resolution—that explains its purpose and underlying philosophy. the preamble to the Constitution. 7. under lock and key 锁的好好的 I. locked away safely. If something or someone is kept under lock and key, they are in a container or room which has been securely locked. The books were normally kept under lock and key in the library vault. He is currently under lock and key at Eastmoor secure unit in Leeds. Her jewellery is securely under lock and key at the bank. II. If a person, especially a criminal, is under lock and key, they are being kept in a place from which they cannot escape, usually a prison. be/get in on the ground floor 从一开始就参与 involved in something from its beginning. If you get in on the ground floor, you become involved in a business or plan in the early stages, in order to gain an advantage. A supplier wants to get in on the ground floor and grow with the business. He was able to get in on the ground floor of the computer industry. He was sure that he was getting in on the ground floor with the next big thing. Can someone tell me how you get in on the ground floor of a deal like that? acute [əˈkjuːt] I. If a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage. You can use acute to indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense. The war has aggravated an acute economic crisis. The report has caused acute embarrassment to the government. The labour shortage is becoming acute. She felt acute 非常糟糕的 embarrassment/anxiety/concern at his behaviour. The problem of poverty is particularly acute in rural areas. Acute disappointment is the intense, often physical sensation that hits when reality clashes sharply with your expectations. II. An acute pain or illness is one that quickly becomes very severe. An acute illness is one that becomes severe very quickly but does not last very long. Compare chronic. ...a patient with acute rheumatoid arthritis. ...an acute case of dysentery. acute abdominal pains. an acute attack of appendicitis. III. used to describe intelligence, senses, etc. that are very good, accurate, and able to notice very small differences: acute eyesight/hearing. an acute sense of smell. a woman of acute intelligence/judgment. IV. If a person's or animal's sight, hearing, or sense of smell is acute, it is sensitive and powerful. In the dark my sense of hearing becomes so acute. V. If you say that someone is acute or has an acute mind, you mean that they are quick to notice things and are able to understand them clearly. Into her nineties, her thinking remained acute and her character forceful. His relaxed exterior hides an extremely acute mind. Everything he writes demonstrates the acuteness of his intelligence. 8. TBBT: Raj: Oh, my pleasure, and don't worry about your presentation today. You're gonna be great. Howard: Yeah, you're gonna knock it out of the park. TBBT: Bernadette: Want to pause the video game and help me clean up? Howard: I am cleaning up. Look at the mess the Joker made of Gotham City. Bernadette: Come on, it's your friend who's coming to stay here. Howard: Raj grew up in India. Trust me, he's seen worse. Bernadette: Howie. Howard: I promise I'll help out the rest of the week. Bernadette: The rest of the week? You said it was just gonna be a night or two. Howard: Yeah, but if I told you a week, would you have said yes? Bernadette: No. Howard: Then you left me no choice. Bernadette: I love Raj, but that's a long time for a house guest. Howard: I know, but they're tenting his building. He can't find a hotel he likes that allows dogs. Bernadette: He's bringing Cinnamon? Howard: For a whole week, the nerve of some people. The nerve of (someone) 臭不要脸的, 真不要脸啊, 无耻, 真是无耻啊! An exclamation of shocked disapproval regarding something someone said or did. They thought I would just go along with their plan to cut my pay while giving me more responsibility. The nerve of them! The nerve of you—how dare you suggest something so horrible!