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用法学习: 1. The bizarre circumstances around the deaths of JFK and Oswald have since sparked decades of conspiracy theories and investigation in an attempt to determine if the shots that killed the President had come from the Book Depository building or from a grassy knoll ( [noʊl] 小山坡, 小山丘 a low round hill. ) situated at the opposite end of Elm Street. Questions have always also been raised in regards to whether Oswald acted alone, whether he was a patsy 受人指使, 被人利用, 代人受过 ( [ˈpætsi] a person who is easily taken advantage of, especially by being cheated or blamed for something. If you describe someone as a patsy, you mean that they are rather stupid and are easily tricked by other people, or can be made to take the blame for other people's actions. [US, informal, disapproval] Davis was nobody's patsy. He has long felt that Ray was set up, that he was a patsy. "the blonde was drop-dead gorgeous but she was nobody's patsy". ) or if there was ever a second shooter. scot-free adv 不受惩罚的, 不受惩处的 without suffering any punishment or injury. without receiving the deserved or expected punishment or without being harmed. If you say that someone got away scot-free, you are emphasizing that they escaped punishment for something that you believe they should have been punished for. Others who were guilty were being allowed to get off scot-free. The court let her off scot-free. "the people who kidnapped you will get off scot-free". unscathed 毫发无损的, 安然无恙的 adj If you are unscathed after a dangerous experience, you have not been injured or harmed by it. Tony emerged unscathed apart from a severely bruised finger. The east side of the city was left unscathed by the riots. might (very) well/easily 极有可能就, 搞不好就, 很可能就 used for saying that something is likely to happen or is likely to be true. to happen. What you say may very well be true. A small technical error may easily result in a serious accident. it may well be that: It may well be that the information is not available. We might well have to wait six months before we know the answers. The crisis might very easily lead to war. He could very well die for God's sake if not for the emergency service's early help. break ranks (rank) 挑战上级, 不服从命令 (of soldiers or police officers) fail to remain in line. fail to maintain solidarity. If you say that a member of a group or organisation breaks ranks, you mean that they disobey the instructions of their group or Organization. 'Even the President's staunchest supporters have some issues where they simply must break ranks,' says Senator Lott. She broke ranks with her father's old party when she stood as an independent. "the government is prepared to break ranks with the Allied states". to behave in a way which is different from other members of a group, especially when they expect your support. to publicly show disagreement or criticism of the group that you belong to: His medical colleagues advised him not to break ranks by talking about the hospital's problems to the newspapers. break ranks with He was the first to break ranks with Ceausescu and publicly criticise his policies. indisposed [ɪndɪspoʊzd] adj If you say that someone is indisposed, you mean that they are not available because they are ill, or for a reason that you do not want to reveal. The speaker was regrettably 遗憾的 indisposed. ill, especially in a way that makes you unable to do something: Sheila Jones is indisposed, so the part of the Countess will be sung tonight by Della Drake. We're so happy to have you here with us, safe and sound. You're very kind. Too kind. Bubbikins? I'm afraid your dear son is indisposed at the moment. We're in the middle of having a film made. What? It doesn't matter. He'll come and visit you soon. You must be tired. We'll find someone to take you to your room. 2. In aesthetics, the uncanny valley 以假乱真的, 真假难辨 ( any situation in which there is confusion between pretence and reality, as when a robot strongly resembles a human. a phenomenon where something that’s like a person or part of a person, such as a robot or a computer-generated figure, is still different enough from reality to cause feelings of unease or revulsion The film's animation was mostly good, but the characters were still deep in the uncanny valley. uncanny [ʌnˈkæni]: strange and mysterious. He predicted the winners of each race with uncanny accuracy. ) is a hypothesized relationship between the degree of an object's resemblance to a human being and the emotional response to such an object. The concept of the uncanny valley suggests that humanoid objects which imperfectly resemble actual human beings provoke uncanny or strangely familiar feelings of eeriness and revulsion in observers. "Valley" denotes a dip in the human observer's affinity for the replica, a relation that otherwise increases with the replica's human likeness. 新电影cats: After the first trailer sent the internet into a full panic over the uncanny valley 神似 of visual effects, the new clip offers more dancing, more drama, more fur and more theatrics( ways of behaving or of doing something that are intended to make people notice you instead of to achieve a particular aim. ). Here, the felines ([ˈfiˌlaɪn] a cat or other member of the cat family. ) are seen preparing for the main event where "the most deserving cat will be reborn to another life so they can be what they've always dreamed of being.". 3. 警察Raptor 13: The video of Sen Const Murphy berating two women after pulling their car over in Sydney prompted Mr Ali to launch his own proceeding against NSW Police. "I am just trying to get some money back in return for why he defected me for something that wasn't defective," Mr Ali said. "My court fees, my lawyer fees, I need all that reimbursed." 采访: "Next year, Jackie and I have been doing this show for 20 years," Kyle said. "I think what better time to put One Direction back together and fly all the way to Australia and do a free concert in the park for us early next year. "Can I just leave that with you( leave sth for/to sb 交给你, 由你来完成 to give someone responsibility for dealing with something: I've left the paperwork for you. Leave it to me - I'll sort it out tomorrow. leave it to somebody (to do something) American English spoken informal used to say that no one should be surprised that someone does something, because it is typical or expected of them Leave it to you to have the whole day planned out!)? You put that together?" Harry didn't really know how to respond to that one we don't think… "We're all going on tour but if it works out, we'll talk about it," Harry said. "We're all pitching in 各尽其职, 都出一份力 together, everyone's doing little jobs so I want you to handle entertainment," Kyle added. 4. expand on something 详细说 in the sense of go into detail about. to give more details about something you have said or written: She mentioned a few ideas, but she didn't expand on them. to go into more detail about (a story or subject). to add more details or information to something that you have already said. Payne later expanded on his initial statement. He expanded on some remarks he made in his last speech. Sherlock s02e03 Episode - The Reichenbach Fall:Sooner or later, you're going to need someone on your side. Someone to set the record straight. You think you're the girl for that job, do you? I'm smart and you can trust me totally. Smart? OK, investigative journalist. Good. Well, look at me and tell me what you see. If you're that skilful, you don't need an interview, you can just read what you need. No? OK, my turn. I see someone who's waiting for their first scoop, so their editor will notice them. You're wearing an expensive skirt, that's been rehemmed twice. Only posh skirt you've got. Your nails, you can't afford to do them that often. I see someone who's hungry, I don't see smart. I don't see trustworthy. I'll give you a quote if you like. Three little words. You repel me 你让我觉得恶心, 你让我恶心. "A consulting criminal." Yes. Your words. Can you expand on that answer? James Moriarty is for hire. A tradesman? Yes. But not the sort who'd fix your heating? No, the sort who'd plant a bomb or stage an assassination. But I'm sure he'd make a decent job of your boiler. Would you describe him as Leading. What? You're leading the witness. He'll object and the judge'll uphold. repel [rɪˈpel] I. [transitive] if something repels you, you think that it is extremely unpleasant and you want to avoid it. If something repels you, you find it horrible and disgusting. She was very striking but in some way I felt repelled. ...a violent excitement that frightened and repelled her 恶心. II. [transitive] to keep something away, or to prevent it from entering something. The wheat is genetically engineered to repel insects. boots that have been specially treated to repel moisture. a. [intransitive/transitive] science if one thing repels 互斥, 排斥 another, an electrical or magnetic force makes them move away from each other. When a magnetic pole repels another magnetic pole, it gives out a force that pushes the other pole away. You can also say that two magnetic poles repel each other or that they repel. Like poles repel, unlike poles attract 同性相斥异性相吸 ( like charges repel. opposites attract). As these electrons are negatively charged they will attempt to repel each other. III. [transitive] to force someone who is attacking to move back or to stop attacking. Using water cannons and tear gas, police repelled protesters outside the US embassy. When an army repels an attack, they successfully fight and drive back soldiers from another army who have attacked them. They have fifty thousand troops along the border ready to repel 战退, 打退 any attack. IV. [transitive] to be unwilling to accept something. a very private woman, who unconsciously repelled any attempts at intimacy. 5. A dominatrix ([ˌdɒmɪˈneɪtrɪks], plural dominatrices [-ˈneɪtrɪsiːz, -nəˈtraɪ-]), is a woman who takes the dominant role in BDSM activities. A dominatrix might be of any sexual orientation, but her orientation does not necessarily limit the genders of her submissive partners. The role of a dominatrix may not even involve physical pain toward the submissive; her domination can be verbal, involving humiliating tasks, or servitude. A dominatrix is typically a paid professional (pro-domme) as the term dominatrix is little-used within the non-professional BDSM scene. The term domme is a coined pseudo-French female variation of the slang dom (short for dominant). The use of domme, dominatrix, dom, or dominant by any woman in a dominant role is chosen mostly by personal preference and the conventions of the local BDSM scene. The term mistress or dominant mistress is sometimes also used. Female dominance, female domination or femdom refer to BDSM activities in which the dominant partner is female. 6. obsequious [əbˈsikwiəs] adj If you describe someone as obsequious, you are criticizing them because they are too eager to help or agree with someone more important than them. [disapproval] Perhaps your mother was very obsequious to doctors. He smiled and bowed obsequiously to Winger. His tone quickly changed from obsequiousness to outright anger. sycophant [ˈsɪkəfant] [formal, disapproval] a person who acts obsequiously towards someone important in order to gain advantage. A sycophant is a person who behaves in a sycophantic way. ...a dictator surrounded by sycophants, frightened to tell him what he may not like. sycophantic [ˌsɪkəˈfæntɪk] 卑躬屈膝的, 谄媚的, 邀宠的 adj. [disapproval] If you describe someone as sycophantic, you disapprove of them because they flatter people who are more important and powerful than they are in order to gain an advantage for themselves. ...his clique of sycophantic friends. We heard the sound of sycophantic laughter. sacrosanct [ˈsækroʊˌsæŋkt] 神圣不可侵犯的 adj (especially of a principle, place, or routine) regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with. "the individual's right to work has been upheld as sacrosanct". If you describe something as sacrosanct, you consider it to be special and are unwilling to see it criticized or changed. Freedom of the press is sacrosanct. ...weekend rest days were considered sacrosanct. thought to be too important or too special to be changed: I'm willing to help on any weekday, but my weekends are sacrosanct. The crown: And what all successful insurgencies 起义 have in common are five key elements. Control of the media, control of the economy, and the capture 抓获, 擒获 of administrative targets, for which you need the fourth element, the loyalty of the military. Now, in Ghana and Gabon, this can be achieved with a handful of battalions, but here in the United Kingdom we would need to secure Parliament, Whitehall, the Ministry of Defence, and the Cabinet Office. The Prime Minister will be arrested, of course, along with other politicians still loyal. We would have to shut down the airports, air traffic control. Same with the train stations. Curfews will be put in place, martial law declared. And I haven't even mentioned the police. It would take tens of thousands of unquestioningly loyal servicemen, and even in my heyday, I could never command that. Which brings me to the fifth element. Legitimacy. Now, our government draws its strength from long-established institutions that support it. The courts, body of common law, the constitution. For any action against the state to succeed, you'd have to overthrow these as well. But in a highly evolved democracy such as ours, their authority is sacrosanct. Which is why, gentlemen, a coup de'tat in the United Kingdom doesn't stand a chance. 7. investiture [ɪnˈvɛstɪtʃə] noun. the action of formally investing a person with honours or rank. "the investiture of bishops". a ceremony at which honours or rank are formally conferred on a particular person. a public ceremony in which someone is given an official title. ...Edward VIII's investiture as Prince of Wales in 1911. off-message adj (of a politician) departing from the official party line. (of a politician) saying things in public that are different from the official ideas of his or her political party: He was criticized severely by party leaders for going off message during the debate. If a politician is off-message 背离党的纲领, 脱离党的路线, they say something that does not follow the official policy of their party. for (the) want of something 因为没有, 因为缺少 used to say that you do not have or cannot find what you need in a particular situation. The gallery closed down for want of funding. because of not having (something). because (something) does not exist or is not available. If you do something for want of something else, you do it because the other thing is not available or not possible. Many of them had gone into teaching for want of anything better to do. [+ of] There was another emotion, and for want of a better word he called it grief. For want of a better name, let's call it "Operation One." People are dying for want of medical treatment. The project failed for the want of adequate funding. 8. 英国王子: Andrew appears to have bowed to pressure 屈服于压力 and stepped down, with the move coming a day after one sponsor said his plans to continue leading Pitch were "not tenable 站得住脚的, 立得住的 ( If you say that an argument, point of view, or situation is tenable, you believe that it is reasonable and could be successfully defended against criticism. This argument is simply not tenable. The only way his position can be tenable again is if there's a public inquiry. An argument, theory, or position that is untenable cannot be defended successfully against criticism or attack. 站不住脚的. This argument is untenable from an intellectual, moral and practical standpoint. He claimed the charges against him were untenable.)". Of all Prince Andrew's calamitous [kəˈlæmɪtəs] ( causing serious damage, or causing a lot of people to suffer. ) errors of judgment, few are as damaging as his decision to pose for a photograph with his arm around Virginia Roberts, the fingers of his left hand skimming the 17-year-old's bare waist. Miss Roberts gave the original to the FBI which, incidentally, has never questioned its veracity 真实性( [vəˈræsəti] truth, or honesty. Veracity is the quality of being true or the habit of telling the truth. We have total confidence in the veracity of our research. [+ of] He was shocked to find his veracity questioned. veracious [vɛˈreɪʃəs] I. habitually truthful or honest. II. accurate; precise. voracious[vəˈreɪʃəs, US vɔːr-] 求知欲的, 不知满足的 adj If you describe a person, or their appetite for something, as voracious, you mean that they want a lot of something. Joseph Smith was a voracious book collector. ...the band's voracious appetite for fun. He read voraciously. a voracious appetite for something: She has always had a voracious appetite for reading. sagacious [səgeɪʃəs] adj A sagacious person is intelligent and has the ability to make good decisions. ...a sagacious leader. salacious [səleɪʃəs] 香艳的, 色情的 adj If you describe something such as a book or joke as salacious, you think that it deals with sexual matters in an unnecessarily detailed way. The newspapers once again filled their columns with salacious details. ...a wildly salacious novel. The book is written without a hint of salaciousness. Hoover reportedly hunted down and threatened anyone who made insinuations about his sexuality. Truman Capote, who enjoyed repeating salacious rumors about Hoover, once remarked that he was more interested in making Hoover angry than determining whether the rumors were true. capacious [kəpeɪʃəs] adj Something that is capacious has a lot of space to put things in. ...her capacious handbag. vivacious [vɪveɪʃəs] 栩栩如生的, 活泼好动的 adj If you describe someone as vivacious, you mean that they are lively, exciting, and attractive. She's beautiful, vivacious, and charming. rapacious [rəpeɪʃəs] 贪得无厌的, 欲求不满的 If you describe a person or their behaviour as rapacious, you disapprove of their greedy or selfish behaviour. He had a rapacious appetite for bird's nest soup. ...a rapacious exploitation policy. ). 9. In 1971, President Lyndon Johnson said of a dangerous rival: better to keep your enemies close: It's probably better to have him inside the tent pissing out, than outside the tent pissing in. US President Lyndon Johnson, regarding FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, as quoted in The New York Times. Boss: I need to know you'll be loyal. You'll have to respect my authority, I can't have you outside the tent pissing in. Employee: I'll piss miles away from the tent. You won't even notice my piss. About Hoover: I never saw any indication of homosexual tendencies in Hoover.… He did have a close association with [Clyde] Tolson. They conferred frequently during the day and they invariably 雷打不动的 ate lunch together…. On Wednesday they had dinner at Tolson's apartment, on Friday at Hoover's house.… I know from my talks with Hoover that he was genuinely fond of Tolson, as an older brother might be. 10. Oregano 牛至 (US: [əˈreɡəˌnoʊ], UK: [ˌɒrɪˈɡɑːnəʊ]) is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is native to temperate Western and Southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region. Oregano is a culinary and medicinal herb from the mint, or Lamiaceae family. It has been used in medicine and cooking for thousands of years. It adds flavor, and it may have a number of health benefits. 11. Wicker 藤条, 柳条 is a technique for making products woven from any one of a variety of pliable plant materials, a generic name for the materials used in such manufacture, and a term for the items so produced. Wicker is traditionally made of material of plant origin, such as willow, rattan, reed, and bamboo, but synthetic fibers are now also used. Wicker is light yet sturdy, making it suitable for items that will be moved often like porch and patio furniture. Rushwork and wickerwork are terms used in England. A field office 地区办公室(After working in the FBI's Boston and Washington, D.C., field offices, he became the chief FBI clerk and was promoted to assistant director in 1930.), frequently also referred to as a branch office, is generally part of a larger business operation, and may be one of a network of offices housing business facilities in remote locations. These offices serve several purposes. A branch office is an outlet of a company or, more generally, an organization that – unlike a subsidiary – does not constitute a separate legal entity, while being physically separated from the organization's main office. Branching is particularly widespread in banking and other financial institutions, where the products' complexity requires local offices to act more like an agency than as a separate company. A branch structure exposes the owning company to full taxability and legal liability in regard to the branch office's operations. A regional office is a unit of a company that is responsible for selling its products in an area that isn't directly serviced by its main office or headquarters. It is typically headed by a branch manager. 12. titillate 挑逗 to make someone excited intentionally but only a little, usually with sexual images or descriptions. to produce feelings of interest, pleasure, or sexual excitement in someone. So many adverts these days are designed to titillate. humorous Carter's biography is only spoiled by the fact that he refuses to titillate (= interest) his readers with any gossip. titillation noun the arousal of interest or excitement, especially through sexually suggestive images or words. the act of intentionally making someone slightly excited, usually with sexual images or descriptions: We've certainly seen an increase on TV of foul language and sexual titillation. There's more going on in this film than cheap titillation. "a literary form of popular entertainment and titillation". Under Hoover, agents were directed to seize all pornographic materials uncovered in their investigations and forward them to Hoover personally. He kept a large collection, possibly the world's largest, of films, photographs, and written materials, with particular emphasis on nude photos of celebrities. Hoover reportedly used these for his own titillation, as well as holding them for blackmail purposes. 关于胡佛: No one could possibly make a movie about Hoover now without addressing his sexuality—especially the screenwriter of this one, Dustin Lance Black, who won an Oscar two years ago for Milk. People are sure to pat him and Eastwood on the back for 给予鼓励 having handled the subject so tastefully 有格调的, which in practice means that they steer clear of the most absurd stories and treat Hoover's love life with some measure of ambiguity, even as they invent all manner of private scenes to portray him as a severely repressed homosexual. For more than 40 years he maintained an intimate friendship with Clyde Tolson, a tall and athletic agent who quickly rose through the ranks to become Hoover's right-hand man. Tolson was slavishly devoted to the director, and the two men were inseparable, taking meals and even vacationing together. Their close relationship became the primary basis for all the innuendo, though Hoover did his best to squash these rumors, dispatching agents to grill people who'd impugned his reputation ( impugn [ɪmˈpjuːn] 质疑 dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of (a statement or motive); call into question. "the father does not impugn her capacity as a good mother". to cause people to doubt someone's character, qualities, or reputation by criticizing them: Are you impugning my competence as a professional designer? if you impugn someone's motives, you say that they do not deserve to be trusted or respected. If you impugn something such as someone's motives or integrity, you imply that they are not entirely honest or honourable. The Secretary's letter questions my veracity and impugns my motives. All I can hope is that the good name of the Bank will not be impugned in some way. impinge [ɪmˈpɪndʒ] on/upon something 影响, 干扰 to have an effect on something, especially in a negative way The new law will not impinge on the way companies conduct their business. Something that impinges on you affects you to some extent. ...the cuts in defence spending that have impinged on two of the region's largest employers.) and demand that they come across with evidence. No one ever did. Once Hoover and Tolson were both dead, however, the dam finally burst 决堤, 大坝决口. In 1993 the British author Anthony Summers, who'd written best sellers on Marilyn Monroe and the Kennedy assassination, published the scandalous Official and Confidential: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover. This outrageous tale immediately became fodder 谈资 for late-night comedians and gained such traction that even President Bill Clinton and Senator Bob Dole made public cracks about Hoover's alleged cross-dressing. Even Cohn, himself a closeted homosexual, appears to have debunked Rosenstiel's story. "[Hoover] would never do anything that would compromise 危及 his position as head of the FBI—ever," Cohn told the publicist Peter Simone, who's quoted in Richard Hack's book Puppetmaster: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover. "There was supposed to be some scandalous pictures of Hoover and Tolson—there were no pictures. Believe me, I looked. There were no pictures because there was no sexual relationship." The stories have taken on a life of their own 不胫而走, 甚嚣尘上 not necessarily because they're true but because no one deserved them more than J. Edgar Hoover. For nearly 50 years he treated the FBI as his personal fiefdom 自家后院 ( [ˈfiːfdəm] an area over which a person or organization exerts authority or influence. an area or organization that someone controls completely. an area or type of activity that is controlled by someone: The stage is his personal fiefdom. ), spying on American citizens to amass a secret file of sensitive information and using it to blackmail his political opponents. Given Hoover's malevolent 邪恶的 ( [məˈlevələnt] showing that you want to do something bad to someone. a malevolent look/smile. causing or wanting to cause harm or evil: a malevolent juvenile delinquent. A malevolent person deliberately tries to cause harm or evil. Her stare was malevolent, her mouth a thin line. ...a rare streak of malevolence. Mark watched him malevolently.) influence on American history, one can understand why some people would want to strangle him with his own feather boa. To complicate the matter further, his alleged homosexuality has become an article of faith ( article of faith 坚定信仰 a firmly held belief.. something that you believe in very strongly: Socialism was an article of faith with his parents. If something is an article of faith for a person or group, they believe in it totally. For Republicans it is almost an article of faith that this tax should be cut. ) for some gay advocates. To their credit, Black, Eastwood, and Leonardo DiCaprio—who digs into the role of Hoover with relish and commitment—bypass the discredited story of Hoover camping it up 夸张的行为 ( If a performer camps it up, they deliberately perform in an exaggerated and often amusing way. [informal] He camped it up, he told bad taste jokes and endless anecdotes with no point at all. to speak or behave in a coquettishly playful or extravagantly theatrical manner. camp it up I. To act in a campy (exaggerated, racy, or tacky) manner, often in a theatrical setting. I know your character is supposed to add comic relief, but you don't have to camp it up that much. II. To act in an overly effeminate manner, as of a gay man. I highly doubt that every man who camps it up is gay.) at Roy Cohn's orgy. But they do manage to get their protagonist into a dress. Edgar grows up under the thumb of his domineering 强势的 mother (Judi Dench), and at one point, after he's become a prominent man, he returns home after an uncomfortable evening at a nightclub to confess, "I don't like to dance with women." His mother icily reminds him of his childhood classmate who was caught wearing drag and later committed suicide (a true story). Her feeling about the incident is unequivocal [ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvək(ə)l] 不容置疑的, 再清楚不过的 ( leaving no doubt; unambiguous. "an unequivocal answer". ): "I'd rather have a dead son than a daffodil 水仙(自恋) for a son." Black lays it on the line during the aforementioned trip west, when Hoover and Tolson come to blows 打起来了, 打架 ( if two people come to blows, they start hitting each other It sounded as if they were about to come to blows. ) in Hoover's hotel suite. The scene is based on an incident from Hack's book, Puppetmaster, that took place in August 1942 as the two men were vacationing in Del Mar, California. Hotel management was told of "a ruckus" in the suite, which included smashed dishes and ended with Tolson storming out with a black eye and a bruised lip. That's all we know, but Black fills in the rest: when Hoover informs Tolson that he plans to marry Dorothy Lamour, Tolson flips out on him. "You're a scared, heartless, horrible little man!' he shrieks. Hoover slugs (to hit someone or something very hard with your fist. slug it out to argue or fight about something until someone wins. ) him, but Tolson punches him back and forces a bloody kiss on the director. (Ooh, kinky!) "If you ever mention a lady friend again, it will be the last time you share my company," Tolson declares, leaving Hoover alone to whisper, "I love you, Clyde." Seventy years later, we live in a country so oversexualized that people will accept J. Edgar Hoover being heterosexual, or homosexual, or bisexual. The one possibility that could never gain any popular currency—( common currency 共识 If you say that an idea or belief has become common currency, you mean it is widely used and accepted. The story that she was trapped in a loveless marriage became common currency.be/become common currency to be or become something that a lot of people know about and talk about. Stories of the President’s infidelities became common currency.)--- even though it's probably the truth—is that Hoover was completely asexual. His appetite for power 权力欲, 权利的胃口 was so enormous that it might well have canceled out any normal human appetite for physical contact. J. Edgar deals with many other aspects of Hoover's life and career: his rabid 穷凶极恶的 anticommunism, his relentless self-publicity, his ruthless political vendettas, and his rigid professionalism, which enabled him to transform the FBI from an ineffectual paper-pushing bureaucracy into a model of forensic investigation. The one mystery Black and Eastwood can't solve is Hoover's love life—perhaps because the solution is too simple to be believed.

refuse VS reject VS deny VS rebut VS refute VS repudiate. posturing作秀

用法学习: 1. A countdown is a sequence of backward counting to indicate the time remaining before an event is scheduled to occur. NASA commonly employs the terms "L-minus" and "T-minus" during the preparation for and anticipation of a rocket launch, and even "E-minus" for events that involve spacecraft that are already in space, where the "T" could stand for "Test" or "Time", and the "E" stands for "Encounter", as with a comet or some other space object. Other events for which countdowns are commonly used include the detonation of an explosive, the start of a race, the start of the New Year, or any anxiously anticipated event. L- (pronounced "L minus") refers to the days, hours, and minutes remaining in the scheduled countdown to launch, which occurs at L-0. The "L" stands for launch. T- (pronounced "T minus”) refers to the time remaining on the official countdown clock. During planned holds in the countdown process (when the countdown clock is intentionally stopped), the T- time also stops. The L- time, however, is synced to the clock on the wall and continues to advance. Under normal conditions, these countdowns remain in sync. For example, there is a 15 minute hold planned at T-4 minutes, which occurs at L-19 minutes. Once the hold is lifted and the countdown resumes, the clocks will be synced and show 4 minutes remaining. 2. nothing of the sort/kind 绝不会干那样的事, 才不会干那样的事 spoken used to say strongly or angrily that something is not true or will not happen.  'I'll pay.' 'You'll do nothing of the sort!' used to say angrily that something is not true or that someone should not do something. It's used when strongly contradicting something that has just been said. 'I'm going to watch TV.' 'You'll do nothing of the sort!'. 'We're going to talk this over in my office'.—'We're going to do nothing of the sort'. Mrs Adamson said that she was extremely sorry, in tones that made it clear that she was nothing of the sort 绝不是那样的人, 才不是那样的人. 3. In the creation and criticism of fictional works, a character flaw 性格缺陷 or heroic flaw is a bias, limitation, imperfection, problem, personality disorders, vices, phobia, prejudice, or deficiency present in a character who may be otherwise very functional. The flaw can be a problem that directly affects the character's actions and abilities, such as a violent temper. Alternatively, it can be a simple foible or personality defect, which affects the character's motives and social interactions, but little else. Flaws can add complexity, depth and humanity to the characters in a narrative. For example, the sheriff with a gambling addiction, the action hero who is afraid of heights, or a lead in a romantic comedy who must overcome his insecurity regarding male pattern baldness are all characters whose flaws help provide dimension. Perhaps the most widely cited and classic of character flaws is Achilles' famous heel. In general, flaws can be categorized as minor, major, or tragic. Tragic/fatal flaw 缺陷, 致命缺点, 致命弱点(Suddenly, their fatal flaw does not seem quite so serious. Wedding lists have other fatal flaws. Many popular management books contain a fatal flaw. ) This is a specific sort of flaw, also known as "Hamartia", which is possessed by Aristotelian tragic heros. It is a flaw which causes an otherwise noble or exceptional character to bring about their own downfall 衰落, 跌落, 灭亡 and, often, their eventual death. Examples of this could include hubris 傲慢 ( describes a personality quality 性格特征, 个性特征 of extreme or foolish pride or dangerous overconfidence, often in combination with (or synonymous with) arrogance. In its ancient Greek context, it typically describes behavior that defies the norms of behavior or challenges the gods, and which in turn brings about the downfall, or nemesis, of the perpetrator of hubris. The adjectival form of the noun hubris is "hubristic". Hubris is usually perceived as a characteristic of an individual rather than a group, although the group the offender belongs to may suffer collateral consequences from the wrongful act. Hubris often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one's own competence, accomplishments or capabilities.  ), misplaced trust, excessive curiosity, pride 尊严, 自尊 and lack of self-control. This fall usually occurs at the beginning of a story, with the story itself concentrates on the consequences or attempted redemption of the fall. 4. Taylor's lawyers hit Kimye with some pretty hefty legal threats telling her to destroy the tape, but what happened next is the kind of stuff that gives angels their wings and gossip fiends 八卦大王 (fiend [find] I. mainly literary a very evil person. If you describe someone as a fiend, you mean that they are extremely wicked or cruel. We must catch the fiend who did this. II. informal someone who is extremely enthusiastic about something. Fiend can be used after a noun to refer to a person who is very interested in the thing mentioned, and enjoys having a lot of it or doing it often. ...if you're a heavy coffee drinker or strong-tea fiend. He's a real fresh air fiend. ) their receipts. It all started in 2009 when West crashed the 2009 VMA's stage in order to hijack Swift's speech, insisting that Beyonce should have won the award rather than Swift. Kardashian was not yet with West, as the two would not start dating until 2012. 5. hand over fist If you say that someone is making or losing money hand over fist, you mean that they are getting or losing a lot of money very quickly. While he's not exactly making money hand over fist, his income is higher than the national average. figment of sb's imagination 子虚乌有, 编造想象出来的 If you say that something is a figment of someone's imagination, you mean that it does not really exist and that they are just imagining it. The attack wasn't just a figment of my imagination. something imagined or created by your mind: The dinosaurs he said he saw were figments of his imagination. 5. know little/nothing and care less (about someone or something) 不知道也不关心, 不知道也不想知道 To have very little knowledge and absolutely no concern about someone or something. A: "Don't you have any family who would take you in?" A: "I had a half-brother who lived upstate, but the last time I checked, he knew little and cared less about what happens to me." the less said, the better 说得越少越好 It is best to say as little about a difficult or unfortunate topic or situation as possible (to avoid making it worse or dwelling on it for too long). Can also be structured as "the less said about (something), the better." And when it comes to the company's previous failed product, well, the less said, the better. Look, I don't like their plan either, but moping about it won't solve anything. The less said about it, the better. a (damn) sight less/fewer (something) Quite a lot less or fewer of something (than someone or something). "Damn" is used to emphasize the degree to which an amount is less/fewer. ("Less" is used when discussing uncountable nouns, while "fewer" is used with countable nouns.) We were much busier than we had expected, so we had a sight fewer staff than we needed. Excuse me, she has a damn sight less experience than I do in this matter, so I'll thank you to refer to me in the future. more haste, less speed Acting too quickly and without due diligence, focus, and attention to detail will result in avoidable mistakes and thus require even more time to complete the task satisfactorily. (The logic of the phrase is essentially "too much haste results in less overall speed.") Primarily heard in UK. I know we're all eager to get the new software released to the public, but remember: more haste, less speed. We don't want to end up wasting time fixing bugs that could have been avoided. 6. more by luck than judgment 运气多过实力, 幸运多过实力, 走了狗屎运 by chance and not because of any special skill. used for saying that something happened because of luck and not because of someone's skill or intelligence "You did amazingly well to get the ball in." "Oh, it was more by luck than judgment." have more luck than sense/brains  to be lucky but not intelligent. Jane went driving out into Death Valley without any water. She survived—she has more luck than sense. Tom: I like to drive ninety miles an hour on the freeway. Nobody's ever caught me. Mary: You have more luck than sense. have more money than sense used for saying that you think someone is wasting their money. To have a lot of money but spend it frivolously or unwisely. That guy must have more money than sense—why else would he buy such an expensive car? $1000 on a handbag? She must have more money than sense. 7. Queen Elizabeth and Aberfan: Following weeks of unusually heavy rain, a colliery 煤矿 ( [kɒljəri] A colliery is a coal mine and all the buildings and equipment which are connected with it. ) spoil 废渣 tip 堆 — a mountain of mining waste — located on a slope above Aberfan liquefied and collapsed on the morning of October 21. The avalanche of black slurry 糊糊 ( [ˈslʌri] a mixture of water and something such as waste from animals or coal dust. Slurry is a watery mixture of something such as mud, animal waste, or dust. ...farm slurry and industrial waste. ) slid downhill and into the village, where it engulfed the junior school and numerous houses, leaving people trapped and buried under the rubble 瓦砾. Only 28 pupils at Pantglas Junior School that morning, the last day before mid-term break, survived the landslide. As well as covering the impact of the 1966 tragedy on the United Kingdom more generally, The Crown looks at Queen Elizabeth II's actions in the aftermath. When she did visit Aberfan, Her Majesty surveyed the damage 考察, 视察, 查看 and met with grieving relatives of those killed. 8. bust on (someone or something) I. slang To tease or ridicule someone. I only said one dumb thing—quit busting on me! II. To physically attack someone. That group of kids looks dangerous, like they're just waiting to bust on some unsuspecting passerby. to attack someone or a group. These three guys busted on Bubba and broke his arm. 两个用例: I'm feeling the urge 冲动 to hug you. And one and two All right, Gollum, we're good. Are you sure you guys don't want to come with us to Napa? You could probably still get a room. No, I think we're just gonna have a quiet weekend at home. Plus, I'm not sure it's a great idea to take Penny to where wine comes from. What? It's a joke. Oh, come on. We bust on 互相取笑, 互相开玩笑 each other. I wear dorky glasses( dork 土包子 (dorky) If you say that someone is a dork, you think they dress badly in old-fashioned clothes and behave very awkwardly in social situations. [US, informal, disapproval] an insulting word for someone who you think is stupid because they behave or dress in a way that is not considered fashionable ...their unshakeable conviction that family holidays were strictly for dorks. ), you might have a problem -- it's all for laughs. That would really piss me off if I didn't have a buzz going on. Howard, which pocket watch will you be wearing for dinner on the train? I'm sorry, what? Oh, I'm afraid if we wear the same pocket watch, it will be embarrassing. I don't own a pocket watch. Talking to my mom to get more confidence is like talking to a lion to get more alive. Well, my dad thinks it's because Howard's always making fun of me. Well, that makes sense. Well, what do you mean, that makes sense? Well, Howard does make fun of him a lot. Well, that's not all Howard's fault. I mean, if Raj doesn't want to be made fun of, then I Hmm. I don't know a nice way to finish this sentence. Well, so you're on his side? I'm just saying, that's what friends do. You know, they bust on each other. It doesn't mean anything. Well, I'm not surprised you think so. Why is that? Well, you can be kind of mean to me. Well, that's because you're Wow. I don't know how to finish that sentence, either. You know what? I think we're both done being disrespected. I got a few rounds left in me. Attaboy, champ. 9. 山林大火: "I'm at my parents' place and… I've got to try and work out how I rig up 自行打造, DIY some firefighting equipment around their house and try and save their house," Joyce said, his voice calm. "There are spot fires ( a fire started by flying sparks or embers at a distance from the main fire. The term spot fire describes a fire ignited outside of a burn unit as a result of a windborne ember 火星子 (sometimes referred to as a firebrand). Prescribed fire practitioners should be diligent to watch for spot fires and extinguish them quickly before they reach unmanageable sizes.  ) round it. I don't know how this works, we'll just do our best job." "Our problem right now is to try and keep people safe…. The problem for me right now is to make sure that my parents' house is safe. My problem right now is to stop these dead----s driving up and down our road rubbernecking ( rubberneck I. to look at something, especially a car accident, as you are passing it. Passing drivers slowed down to rubberneck at the accident. II. to stand on one's toes in a crowd of ardent admirers to see a celebrity passing by. Surely he meant to say that "celebrity drivel and rubbernecking are what drive our site". )." Joyce would also not be drawn on his controversial comments about fire deaths. The fire was downgraded to advice level after water bombers dumped flame retardant ( fire-retardant 止火化学物, 惰性化学物品 adj. & noun. fire-retardant cloth has chemicals in it that make it difficult to burn.  a substance that reduces the rate of a chemical reaction. ) across house roofs. The air is still heavy with smoke and there are still fears strong winds and dry conditions could cause embers to reignite fresh blazes in surrounding areas. 10. marry beneath (one's) station To marry someone who is of a lower social class or standing than oneself. A: "I hear that Mr. Sullivan plans to marry a local fishmonger's daughter." B: "Why would a man of his esteem marry beneath his station like that?" Janet has a bright future with one of the best law firms in town, so it's beyond me why she's marrying beneath her station with some fast food worker. Why high-achievers are no longer marrying beneath them 下嫁. The era of marrying up or down is over. Now the well-heeled seek People Like Us. 10. Howard. I've had my eye on 看中, 看上眼 this limited edition Swamp Thing, but now that I'm about to buy it, I'm having second thoughts. What do you think? I don't know, Sheldon, it's pretty expensive. Yes, but what if it will make me happy, you know, waking up and seeing it every morning for the rest of my life? Really, a walking clump of swamp grass? Yeah, well, Bernadette's no prize [praɪz] ( I. 奖项, 奖励. 奖品. a reward that you get for being successful in a sport, competition, or game, or for being better than others at something. Someone who has won a prize is called a prize winner. Instead of winning first prize, Norman finished fourth. the Nobel Prize for chemistry. Previous winners of the prize have been Quincy Jones and Dizzy Gillespie. award a prize: The prize is awarded annually to an individual or group of people. II. something very important that you try very hard to get. the prize of freedom/peace. No prizes for guessing a phrase which is used to show that something is quite evident. No prizes for guessing which choice the politicians will make for us. consolation prize 安慰奖 a small prize given to someone who has failed to win. ) either! 11. I know sympathy and financial assistance ( 片段1: Amy (on Skype): Hi, Sheldon. What's new? Sheldon: Our friends are jerks, and I'm mad at all of them. Amy: I said what's new, but sure. Sheldon: Can you believe they planned a trip to Las Vegas and didn't invite me? Amy: Did you refuse to apologize and act like they were stupid for being mad? Sheldon: You know, I liked it better when there was still a little mystery left in our relationship. Amy: Everyone tried to take care of you, and you were nothing but mean to them. Sheldon: I can't believe you're not on my side. I was on your side when someone stole your car radio. Amy: Who else's side could you have been on? Sheldon: I don't know. A music-loving hobo with a heart of gold? Amy: Sheldon, I understand that you're upset because you feel left out, but I don't know why we're even talking about this. Just apologize to them. Sheldon: Fine, if that's what it takes to go on their dumb trip. Amy: Maybe you could try apologizing because you actually feel bad. It's called empathy. It's something you could work on. Sheldon: I have empathy. Watch. Leonard made me soup, and I was mean to him. Amy: Great. Now try it as if this isn't your first day as a person. Sheldon: Fine. Leonard made me soup, and I was mean to him. Hey, I felt a little something. Let me try again. Leonard made me soup, and I was mean to him. I was mean to him. He must have felt terrible. Oh, now I feel terrible. Neat. Amy: Glad I could help. 片段2: Amy: Hello. What you doing? Sheldon: Oh, taking another picture with my baby. Look how big he got. It's fun to see you this excited. Aw, thank you, that's so (stammers) Don't sit there! What, what? I, uh-- sorry. It's part of my organization system. That's where those papers go. Okay. Um, how about if I just slide this notebook over 笔记本挪一下 Eh You know what, it's fine. I'll just be in the bedroom. No, no. Uh, this is your apartment, too. Uh, look, I'll stop for the night and clean this up. Well, that's very considerate, Sheldon. I know. See, I'm trying this new technique where I imagine how I would feel in someone else's position. You mean empathy? Oh, I thought I came up with it. Well, regardless, I appreciate the effort. ) for those in the midst of the crisis is important. However, when political leaders such as Prime Minister Scott Morrison offer their "thoughts and prayers", it's hard to read this as anything but disingenuous ( [ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenjuəs] 不真诚的 not really honest or sincere, and only pretending to be. ). 12. But Leonard's a member, and that really steams my clams. Oh, I love it when you're folksy. I'm just gonna call. On the other hand, shaming Leonard during our wedding at the very place he betrayed me does have a beautiful symmetry 平衡, 对称 to it( I. Something that has symmetry is symmetrical in shape, design, or structure. ...the incredible beauty and symmetry of a snowflake. I loved the house because it had perfect symmetry. Their own lives already seemed to possess the symmetries of narrative art. II. Symmetry in a relationship or agreement is the fact of both sides giving and receiving an equal amount. The superpowers pledged to maintain symmetry in their arms shipments.). That's nice, it'll be your first petty act as a married man. Uh-- oh, hi, Kathleen? Yeah, this is Amy from earlier. I'd like to go ahead and reserve May 12. Although, it is our wedding. 13. Hey, Sheldon. We found something pretty interesting. Huh. Well, that is surprising. I, for one, have no idea what they're talking about. Turns out, when Amy took over Penny's apartment, she was put on the lease, not you. PENNY: Yeah, and when I moved across the hall, you got taken off the lease and I got added. Well, what are you saying? That Sheldon's not technically a tenant at all and therefore, has no standing 完全没有立场 to be president of the tenants association no matter who votes for him? I don't know how you found that out, but I am guessing all on your own. So, looks like we need to figure out who the new president should be. I nominate myself. I second it. Think about Ant-Man. I'm always thinking about Ant-Man. Michael Douglas had the suit and then he passed it on to Paul Rudd. Maybe you're right. Really? The Ant-Man thing? That's what won you over? Yes. He got the details right. That's how you use a superhero. Mm. I suppose it is time I passed this on to Leonard. I know that's hard for you. Well, it was. But you know what? Instead of being in charge, I can now be the vocal opposition, criticizing and badgering the president at every turn 一有机会, 任何一次机会( on every occasion; continually. If you say that something happens at every turn, you are emphasizing that it happens frequently or all the time, usually so that it prevents you from achieving what you want. wherever or whenever someone tries to do something. He was frustrated at every turn by petty rules and regulations. Its operations were hampered at every turn by inadequate numbers of trained staff. At every turn smoke and flame stopped efforts to get into the living quarters. "her name seemed to come up at every turn". ). I think you'll be really good at that. 14. Here's what's gonna happen. You're gonna teach me how to do that. Do what? Pretend to like comic books. Oh, no, I actually like comic books. All right, let's not get hung up on 纠结于 semantics 用词, 用字 ( [səˈmæntɪks] I. the study of words and their meanings. II. the meaning of words and phrases. 咬文嚼字). It's late, we got a lot of work to do. turn someone off to stop paying attention. to cause someone to lose interest. This sort of talk could turn a lot of voters off. When people lose interest they just turn off. Her offensive remarks really turned me off. The downtown has outdated architecture that might turn off some people. to cause disgust or disinterest in (someone) Rude people turn me off completely. turn off something to leave the road that you are travelling along in order to go along another one that leads away from it. Turn off the road onto a dirt driveway. turn off at 下高速: If you're coming on the M4, turn off at junction 26. 15. Eurasian 中西结合的 (plural Eurasians) A member of the Caucasoid and/or Mongoloid racial classifications of humanity; any person native to the Eurasian continent. A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the other. One born of European parents in Asia. A Eurasian is a person who has one European and one Asian parent or whose family comes from both Europe and Asia. Eurasian is also an adjective. She married into a leading Eurasian family in Hong Kong. 16. Kinesiology is the scientific study of human or non-human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, biomechanical, and psychological dynamic principles and mechanisms of movement. Applications of kinesiology to human health (i.e., human kinesiology) include biomechanics and orthopedics; strength and conditioning; sport psychology; methods of rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational therapy; and sport and exercise. Studies of human and animal motion include measures from motion tracking systems, electrophysiology of muscle and brain activity, various methods for monitoring physiological function, and other behavioral and cognitive research techniques. Kinesiology is a form of therapy that uses muscle monitoring (biofeedback) to look at imbalances that may be causing disease in the body. Kinesiology aims to detect and correct imbalances that may relate to stress, nutrition or minor injuries. Kinesiology is not used to diagnose disorders. Kinesiology encompasses holistic health disciplines which use the gentle art of muscle monitoring to access information about a person’s well being. 17. I'm bad luck. Matt Damon Explains Why Chris Hemsworth Thinks He's Extremely Bad Luck. Damon gets asked about visiting Australia a lot, with DeGeneres mentioning that Hemsworth says he's extremely bad luck. "You spend a lot of time with the Hemsworth boy in Australia, Chris, and he says that you're extremely bad luck," she began. "Maybe he has really good luck, I don't know. 'I can't believe this happened to you, man.' I'm like…I stepped on a snake the last time I was there." He pulled out a trusty Australian accent for his Chris quote. I don't have the authority to say how good it was. It wasn't...bad. bad/hard luck the bad things that happen to someone by chance, not because of something they did I've had nothing but bad luck since I moved to this town. You can say 'Bad luck', or 'Hard luck', to someone when you want to express sympathy to them. be bad luck on sb mainly UK to be a bad thing that happened to someone by chance: It was bad luck on Alex that he was ill on his birthday. a run of good/bad luck a period of time when good/bad things happen to you. The team seems to have come to the end of its run of bad luck. fluff noun. I. Fluff consists of soft threads or fibres in the form of small, light balls or lumps. For example, you can refer to the fur of a small animal as fluff. ...the nestbox which contained two chicks: just small grey balls of fluff. She noticed some bits of fluff on the sleeve of her sweater. very small pieces of hair, dust, or cloth that stick together or to the surface of something else. II. something that is entertaining but not serious or important. That movie was pure fluff 不认真的东西, 博的一笑. III. [countable] informal a small mistake that you make when you are speaking or reading to an audience. fluff 搞砸 verb. I. If you fluff something that you are trying to do, you are unsuccessful or you do it badly. She fluffed her interview at Oxford. She started to fluff tasks that should have been childishly simple. fluff your lines (=say them badly when acting in a play): Try not to fluff your lines! II. fluff up or fluff out to shake something so that more air goes into it and it becomes larger and softer. Fluff the pillows after you use them. When he's frightened, the cat fluffs up his tail. 18. Big Bang Theory Bernadette's song: As well as incredibly touching, there are plenty of intricacies and nerdy references 用典, 典故 to make fans believe Howard wrote it. From Doctor Who, Steve Jobs and exponential equations, to the Avengers, isotopes and a verse sung in Klingon, Bernadette's Song is filled to the brim with references. hatchet [ˈhætʃət] man INFORMAL a person employed to carry out controversial or disagreeable tasks, such as the dismissal of a number of people from employment. someone who is employed to do unpleasant jobs, for example to reduce the number of employees or attack competitors unfairly. "he sent over his ace hatchet man to intimidate the business leaders". a person who writes fierce attacks on others or their work. "he has abandoned the pretence that he is an impartial reporter—he is a hatchet man 杀手, 打手 of the far right". 19. unbecoming I. Unbecoming clothes do not look attractive on a particular person. ...the unbecoming dress hurriedly stitched from cheap cloth. II. Unbecoming behaviour is not correct or not acceptable. If you describe a person's behaviour or remarks as unbecoming, you mean that they are shocking and unsuitable for that person. His conduct was totally unbecoming to an officer in the British armed services. Those involved had performed acts unbecoming of university students. He was charged with conduct unbecoming (to) an officer. It was towards the end of the interview when Andrew dropped a sentence that was truly mind-blowing: "Do I regret the fact that he has quite obviously conducted himself in a manner unbecoming? Yes." "Unbecoming?" Maitlis shot back — amazement and disbelief written on her face. "He was a sex offender." It was over in moments, but it said it all. That Andrew felt that Epstein's behaviour — a man who was facing sex trafficking charges and was a convicted sex offender — was simply "unbecoming" is extraordinary. To so drastically diminish the severity of Epstein's actions can only be read as a serious mistake. untoward [ʌntəˈwɔːd, ʌnˈtəʊəd] unexpected and inappropriate or inconvenient. "both tried to behave as if nothing untoward had happened". 20. Yellowstone: The state of Montana has never gauged its progress by the size of its cities. We measure our progress by how those cities impact the people and the land surrounding them, the land that feeds them, provides their water, nourishes their souls. This doesn't sound like a legal argument, Mr. Dutton. It sounds like a lecture. Well, it's a summation of our state constitution, which clearly states that land preservation and property rights take precedence over public expansion. The constitution clearly denotes the state's right to eminent domain and grants the authority to condemn property for the public good. For essential public services like hospitals, schools, highways not housing developments. Housing is essential. Bozeman has doubled in size in a decade. We're 30 miles away, and our population is less than it was 40 years ago. Why? Because their fence guarantees we don't grow. Stagnation is death for a town, and the Duttons are the ones killing it. Well, poetic ( I. expressing ideas in a very sensitive way and with great beauty or imagination. Critics are raving about Sokurov's poetic new movie. II. connected with poetry or having the qualities of poetry. poetic language. poetic justice a situation in which someone gets exactly what they deserve when they have done something bad. poetic license the freedom to change facts or events, or to ignore rules when you are writing something in order to communicate your meaning more clearly. ) if it were true, since a Dutton founded the town. As it stands, the defendant is correct. Our land use laws are quite clear. For this commission to grant eminent domain (Eminent domain refers to the power of the government to take private property and convert it into public use. The Fifth Amendment provides that the government may only exercise this power if they provide just compensation to the property owners.), you must show public need, not desire. I think that's enough posturing (posture [ˈpɒstʃə(r)] 做戏, 作秀, 装腔作势, 惺惺作态, 假惺惺 to do things only because you want people to notice you, admire you, or be afraid of you. false behaviour in order to impress or deceive people. political posturing 作秀. There's been a lot of posturing on both sides. Even Nixon was disgusted by the posturing and false melodrama. posturing behaviour that is intended to impress or mislead other people. The macho posturing escalated into actual violence during the second half of the match. If President Trump and Governor Ron DeSantis had followed the science, if they had listened to the doctors and the public health experts, if the focus would have been on saving people's lives and not political posturing 政治作秀, we wouldn't be where we are right now. ). Let's put it to a vote. The plaintiff hasn't shown any legal imperative for a vote, so this case is dismissed. 21. pygmy peoples 侏儒, 矮小人种, 小矮人 are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature for populations in which adult men are on average less than 150 cm tall. In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature (as opposed to disproportionate dwarfism occurring in isolated cases in a population) for populations in which adult men are on average less than 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) tall.

 refute 反证, 反驳, 驳斥 VS rebut 否认: To rebut is to try to prove something isn't true, but to refute is to actually prove it isn't. Getting them mixed up won't get you kicked out of the debate club, but it's worth knowing the difference. When you argue against something, you rebut that position or argument. Your school's principal might rebut your teacher's argument that the class is overcrowded by pointing out that there could legally be five more kids in the class. The teacher could rebut the principal's rebuttal by observing that there aren't enough books or seats for the kids in the classroom now. Rebut comes from an old French word rebuter, meaning "to thrust back." Evidence and arguments are used to refute something. So are facts. For example, if children who eat chocolate before going to bed go straight to sleep, that refutes the idea that sugar keeps them up. Refute comes from the Latin refutare for "to check, suppress." A near synonym is confute, but save refute as an everyday word for proving something is false. The verb refute is to prove that something is wrong. When the kids you're babysitting swear they brushed their teeth, you can refute their claim 推翻 by presenting the dry toothbrushes. To rebut is to argue against something. If your parents say you're too young and irresponsible to drive, you can rebut their claim by ticking off examples of your responsibility. ‎To rebut is more than just "to deny," it's a serious attempt to prove something is false. If you rebut something, you haven't necessarily won the argument; you've only presented your side of it: A Jesuit priest has taken to YouTube and his blog to rebut arguments raised by British physicist Stephen Hawking. Baldwin has used his Twitter account to rebut criticism. Refute means to disprove something straight up. If you refute something, you successfully win the argument: The hearing was unfortunately based on hearsay evidence that we were not able to refute by cross-examining anyone. Daly refuted the report Monday, saying that only one general manager had expressed concern. So, if you try to defeat an accusation, you rebut it. You still need to butt in again, so you re-but, as in "But wait! I can still prove it!" If you actually defeat the accusation, you have refuted it. repudiate 拒绝 (权威性的东西, 宗教, 声明, 法律合同, 法律条文等, 拒绝承认或偿还债务, 拒绝义务责任, 切断关系, 切割, 划清界限, 不再相往来) To repudiate something is to reject it, or to refuse to accept or support it. If you grow up religious, but repudiate all organized religion as an adult, you might start spending holidays at the movies, or just going to work. Gelsinger's departure late last year was widely seen as a repudiation by the company of his complex turnaround plan, which included trying to rebuild Intel's manufacturing base. His successor Lip-Bu Tan, appointed earlier this month, has yet to set out his strategy. This verb usually refers to rejecting something that has authority, such as a legal contract, doctrine, or claim. In connection with debts or other obligations, repudiate is used in the specialized sense "to refuse to recognize or pay." If referring to a child or a lover, repudiate is used in the sense "to disown, cast off." This verb is derived from Latin repudiare "to put away, divorce." reject: When you reject something, you rule it out or dismiss it. If you're trying to pick a fancy restaurant to go to for your birthday, you'll probably reject the diner you went to just yesterday. The verb reject has several shades of meaning. Reject can mean to refuse to accept or agree with something. If you don't believe space aliens are living on earth, you reject the idea — you just don't believe it. Reject can also mean to treat someone with contempt: "My former best friend rejected me to hang out with a different crowd — but I found new friends with whom I had more in common." decline When something declines, it goes downhill. If you stop working out, your health may decline. If you want it to improve, you should start climbing inclines 上坡 instead of coasting down declines. The verb decline means refuse to accept, but the noun decline 下坡 means a downward slope (the opposite of an incline), or a decrease in quality. At the gym, the treadmill has an incline button to control how steep your climb is. Sadly, there's no button for decline, which would be much easier. Both words contain cline, or "to bend." The prefix tells you which way the bend goes. Decline implies a going, or turning, down. refuse To refuse is to decline, deny, reject, or resist. If a stranger offers you candy, you should politely refuse. As a noun, refuse (pronounced REF-yooss) is food waste, scraps, or garbage. As a verb, refuse (pronounced ree-FYOOZ) means to reject. If you're mad at me, you'll probably refuse my invitation to hang out. If your fashion sense isn't up to date, the bouncer at an exclusive nightclub might refuse entry to you. If you're sick and you need a kidney transplant, your doctor will give you drugs to stop your body from refusing 排斥反应, 抵抗, 抗拒 the donor kidney.

refuse VS reject VS deny VS rebut VS refute VS repudiate: refuse 的用法: 1. The verb is pronounced [rɪ'fjuːz]. The noun is pronounced [ˈrefjus]. Refuse 作为名词: 废品, 垃圾 consists of the rubbish and all the things that are not wanted in a house, shop, or factory, and that are regularly thrown away; used mainly in official language. The District Council made a weekly collection of refuse. rubbish, waste, sweepings, junk. 2. 三个用法: a. If you refuse to do something, you deliberately do not do it, or you say firmly that you will not do it. How could he refuse to help his own son? flatly refuse (=refuse in a firm and sometimes impolite way): Senior executives flatly refused to comment as they left the meeting. He refused to comment after the trial. He expects me to stay on here and I can hardly refuse. b. If someone refuses you something, they do not give it to you or do not allow you to have it. Some landowners refuse permission to use footpaths on their land. refuse someone something: Judge Mackey refused the defendant the right to appeal. The United States has refused him a visa. She was refused access to her children. The town council had refused permission for the march. III. If you refuse something that is offered to you, you do not accept it. It seemed impolite to refuse when she invited me for dinner. Alternative therapies are suggested for patients who refuse conventional medical treatment. He offered me a second drink which I refused. The patient has the right to refuse treatment. 3. refuse 没有refuse someone to do something, 和 be refused to do something这样的用法. an offer someone can't refuse I. a very good offer. Dinner at your house? That's an offer I can't refuse. II. often humorous a threat to harm someone unless they do what you want. He sold the bar to some gangsters who made him an offer he couldn't refuse. reject 的用法: I. 拒绝, 不接受(想法, 意见, 提议, 建议, 要求) to not agree to an offer, proposal, or request. If you reject something such as a proposal, a request, or an offer, you do not accept it or you do not agree to it. The British government is expected to reject the idea of state subsidy for a new high speed railway. Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its potential. The rejection of such initiatives indicates that voters are unconcerned about the environment. It is almost certain that our offer will be rejected. reject something out of hand (=reject something completely): The administration has rejected the Democrat's plan out of hand. a. to disagree with an idea, argument, or suggestion. The court rejected the argument and found the defendant not guilty. b. 拒不接受(信仰, 价值观, 政治体系). If you reject a belief or a political system, you refuse to believe in it or to live by its rules. ...the children of Eastern European immigrants who had rejected their parents' political and religious beliefs. ...his rejection of our values. II. to refuse to take something, for example because it is damaged or is not what you wanted. The company rejected the entire shipment. a. 工作被拒 to refuse to accept someone for a job or a course of study. If someone is rejected for a job or course of study, it is not offered to them. One of my most able students was rejected by another university. Local universities now reject as many as 15,000 students per year. III. to behave in an unkind way to someone who wants kindness or love from you. He had rejected his daughter for marrying a Christian. IV. medical if someone's body rejects 抗拒 an organ after a transplant operation, they become sick because their body has a bad reaction to the organ. 3. reject 作为名词: someone or something that is not accepted because they have not reached the necessary standard. It's so cheap because it's a reject. The players were all rejects 淘汰下来的, 淘汰货, 别人不要的 from other teams. deny 的用法: I. 否认(声称某事不是真的, 否认做过某事). When you deny something, you state that it is not true. to say that you did not do something that someone has accused you of doing. She denied both accusations. The government has denied that there was a plot to assassinate the president. They all denied ever having seen her. deny (that): A spokesman denied that the company had acted irresponsibly. deny (doing) something: He still denies murdering his wife. deny an allegation/accusation/claim/charge: Both men have denied the allegations. vehemently [ˈviəmənt] /strenuously/categorically/hotly deny something: All three athletes vehemently deny taking the drug. deny the existence of something: Officials have repeatedly denied the existence of a secret report. deny a rumor: He has denied rumors that he is having an affair with a government official. II. If you deny someone or something, you say that they have no connection with you or do not belong to you. I denied my father because I wanted to become someone else. to say that you do not know a particular person or do not have a particular belief or opinion. Denying his friend was the only way to survive. Neither man was prepared to deny his religion. III. If you deny someone something that they need or want, you refuse to let them have it. to not allow someone to have something. deny something to someone: Doctors were accused of denying treatment to older patients. be denied something: He had been denied the right to speak to his lawyer. deny someone something: There are parents who refuse to deny their children anything. If he is unlucky, he may find that his ex-partner denies him access to his children. My mother denied herself for us. deny yourself to not allow yourself to have something that you would like to have. Don't deny yourself pleasure. You can lose weight without feeling you are constantly denying yourself. IV. 拒绝面对. 拒绝承认. to refuse to admit to yourself or other people that you have a particular feeling, illness, or problem. I had been denying this anger for years. there's no denying (that): There's no denying that he was a great man. There's no denying her popularity. refute [rɪˈfjut] 的用法( Use this much abused word only when an argument is disproved. Otherwise contest, deny, rebut.): I. to say that a statement is not true or accurate without giving proof. The police said he was drunk, a claim refuted by his attorney. If you refute an argument or accusation, you say that it is not true. Isabelle is quick to refute any suggestion of intellectual snobbery. II. to prove that a statement is false. The evidence refutes all claims that the loan program is not working. If you refute an argument, accusation, or theory, you prove that it is wrong or untrue. It was the kind of rumour that it is impossible to refute. refute [rɪˈfjut] 证伪, 一一驳斥: to say or prove that a person, statement, opinion, etc. is wrong or false: to refute a person/theory/argument/claim. The verb refute is to prove that something is wrong. When the kids you're babysitting swear they brushed their teeth, you can refute their claim 驳斥, 力驳 by presenting the dry toothbrushes. Evidence and arguments are used to refute something. So are facts. For example, if children who eat chocolate before going to bed go straight to sleep, that refutes 证伪, 反驳 the idea that sugar keeps them up. Refute comes from the Latin refutare for "to check, suppress." A near synonym is confute, but save refute as an everyday word for proving something is false. rebut to argue that a statement or claim is not true: She has rebutted charges that she has been involved in any financial malpractice. rebuttal 一一驳斥, 逐一驳斥 If you make a rebuttal of a charge or accusation that has been made against you, you make a statement which gives reasons why the accusation is untrue. He is conducting a point-by-point rebuttal of charges from former colleagues. Rebuttals to the piece appeared immediately and forcefully. rebut 驳斥 的用法: to show or say that something is not true. He completely rebutted the allegation. If you rebut a charge or criticism that is made against you, you give reasons why it is untrue or unacceptable. He spent most of his speech rebutting criticisms of his foreign policy. If you make a rebuttal of a charge or accusation that has been made against you, you make a statement which gives reasons why the accusation is untrue. He is conducting a point-by-point rebuttal of charges from former colleagues. [+ of/to] Rebuttals to the piece appeared immediately and forcefully. 用法区别: rebut 驳斥, 否认, refute 反驳 or repudiate? To rebut is to contest or deny something; to refute is to prove that it's wrong. So when a politician claims to have refuted an allegation, what they mean is rebut. To repudiate someone is to disown them. If you don't know the difference, you could always try "refudiate", a word coined by Sarah Palin, perhaps inspired by George W Bush's "misunderestimate". repudiate [rɪˈpjudiˌeɪt] 拒绝承认, 拒绝接受 (something has authority: legal contract, doctrine, claim ), 划清界限, 断绝关系 (lover, child), 拒绝承认 (debt, or other obligations )[formal, or written] If you repudiate something or someone, you show that you strongly disagree with them and do not want to be connected with them in any way. Leaders urged people to turn out in large numbers to repudiate the violence. Cavour later repudiated what he regarded as his youthful follies. ...his public repudiation of the conference decision. a. formal to say formally that something is not true. to reject the authority or validity of; refuse to accept or ratify Congress repudiated the treaty that the President had negotiated. They repudiated all accusations of unlawful activity. b. ​formal to state that you do not accept or agree with something. Party members appeared on television to repudiate policies they had formerly supported. III. ​old-fashioned to formally end a friendship or other relationship with someone. IV. ​legal if you repudiate a contract or other agreement, you refuse to accept it. to refuse to acknowledge or pay (a debt). vocabulary: To repudiate something is to reject it, or to refuse to accept or support it. If you grow up religious, but repudiate all organized religion as an adult, you might start spending holidays at the movies, or just going to work. This verb usually refers to rejecting something that has authority, such as a legal contract, doctrine, or claim. In connection with debts or other obligations, repudiate is used in the specialized sense "to refuse to recognize or pay." If referring to a child or a romantic partner, repudiate is used in the sense "to disown, cast off 断绝关系, 一刀两断." This verb is derived from Latin repudiare, "to put away, divorce." repudiate [rɪˈpjudiˌeɪt] 否认, 拒绝承认, 的用法: If you repudiate something or someone, you show that you strongly disagree with them and do not want to be connected with them in any way. to refuse to accept something or someone as true, good, or reasonable: He repudiated the allegation/charge/claim that he had tried to deceive them. I utterly repudiate those remarks. Leaders urged people to turn out in large numbers to repudiate 反对, 反抗 the violence. Cavour later repudiated what he regarded as his youthful follies 年少无知. ...his public repudiation of the conference decision. a. old-fashioned 断绝关系. 划清界限. to formally end a friendship or other relationship with someone. b. legal if you repudiate a contract or other agreement, you refuse to accept it. vocabulary: To repudiate something is to reject it, or to refuse to accept or support it. If you grow up religious, but repudiate all organized religion as an adult, you might start spending holidays at the movies, or just going to work. This verb usually refers to a. rejecting something that has authority, such as a legal contract, doctrine, or claim. In connection with debts or other obligations, repudiate is used in the specialized sense "to refuse to recognize or pay." If referring to a child or a romantic parner, repudiate is used in the sense "to disown, cast off." This verb is derived from Latin repudiare, "to put away, divorce." folly I. [countable/ uncountable] formal a way of thinking or behaving that is stupid and careless, and likely to have bad results. The judge described the incident as an act of folly. If you say that a particular action or way of behaving is folly or a folly 蠢事, 愚蠢, you mean that it is foolish. It's sheer folly to build nuclear power stations in a country that has dozens of earthquakes every year. ...a reminder of the follies of war. it is folly to do something: It is absolute folly to go mountain climbing without the proper equipment. the folly of (doing) something: She soon realized the folly of her actions. I pointed out the folly of overspending on that scale. II. [countable] a building that has no practical use and is built as a decoration. A folly is a small tower or other unusual building that is built as a decoration in a large garden or park, especially in Britain in former times. a. mainly journalism 大而无用的建筑. a building or project that costs a lot of money and is not useful. reject 否决, 排除 When you reject something, you rule it out or dismiss it. If you're trying to pick a fancy restaurant to go to for your birthday, you'll probably reject the diner you went to just yesterday. The verb reject has several shades of meaning. Reject can mean to refuse to accept or agree with something. If you don't believe space aliens are living on earth, you reject the idea — you just don't believe it. Reject can also mean to treat someone with contempt: "My former best friend rejected me to hang out with a different crowd — but I found new friends with whom I had more in common." rebuff 回绝, 拒绝 verb. If you rebuff someone or rebuff a suggestion that they make, you refuse to do what they suggest. to refuse to accept a helpful suggestion or offer from someone, often by answering in an unfriendly way: She rebuffed all suggestions that she should resign. His proposals have already been rebuffed by the Prime Minister. rebuke [rɪbjuːk] 斥责 If you rebuke someone, you speak severely to them because they have said or done something that you do not approve of. The company has been publicly rebuked by one of its largest shareholders over its executive pay levels. The UN delivered a strong rebuke to both countries for persisting with nuclear testing. 'Silly little boy' was his favourite expression of rebuke to his pupils. repute [rɪˈpjut] A person's or organization's repute is their reputation, especially when this is good. Under his stewardship, the U.N.'s repute has risen immeasurably. the reputation that someone or something has. of (some) repute (=with a good reputation): a businessman of some repute. of great/international repute: a musical ensemble of international repute. of repute 有名望的, 有声望的 A person or thing of repute or of high repute is respected and known to be good. He was a writer of repute. Chicago has 6 graduate and professional schools of high repute. by repute If you know someone by repute 听说过, you have never met them but you have heard or read about them. I only knew him by repute. reputed [rɪˈpjutɪd] 据说, 据传 If you say that something is reputed to be true, you mean that people say it is true, but you do not know if it is definitely true. The monster is reputed to live in the deep dark water of a Scottish loch. He reputedly earns two million pounds a year. Both women have dramatic dark looks and, reputedly, fiery temperaments. be reputed to do/be something: Conditions in the prison are reputed to be very harsh.