用法学习: 1. Dyslexia, also known as reading disorder, is characterized by trouble with reading despite normal intelligence. Different people are affected to varying degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school. When someone who previously could read loses their ability, it is known as "alexia". The difficulties are involuntary and people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn. People with dyslexia have higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental language disorders, and difficulties with numbers. Dyslexia is believed to be caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases run in families. Dyslexia that develops due to a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia is called "acquired dyslexia 后天的". The underlying mechanisms of dyslexia are problems within the brain's language processing. Dyslexia is diagnosed through a series of tests of memory, vision, spelling, and reading skills. Dyslexia is separate from reading difficulties caused by hearing or vision problems or by insufficient teaching or opportunity to learn. Dysgraphia: A disorder involving difficulties with writing or typing, sometimes due to problems with eye–hand coordination; it also can impede direction- or sequence-oriented processes, such as tying knots or carrying out repetitive tasks. In dyslexia, dysgraphia is often multifactorial, due to impaired letter-writing automaticity, organizational and elaborative difficulties, and impaired visual word forming, which makes it more difficult to retrieve the visual picture of words required for spelling. 2. A medical ventilator (or simply ventilator in context) is a machine designed to provide mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently. While modern ventilators are computerized machines, patients can be ventilated with a simple, hand-operated bag valve mask. Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive care medicine, home care, and emergency medicine (as standalone units) and in anesthesiology (as a component of an anesthesia machine). Medical ventilators are sometimes colloquially called "respirators [ˈrespəˌreɪtər] 呼吸机 (现多指保护面罩) = ventilator( I. a machine used in hospitals for helping people who cannot breathe on their own. be on/be put on a respirator: He had pneumonia and was put on a respirator. II. an object covering your nose and mouth that helps you to breathe when you are in a place that is full of smoke or gas. defibrillator [diˈfɪbrɪˌleɪtər] a piece of equipment for giving the heart an electric shock to make it start to beat normally again. catheter [ˈkæθətər] 插管 a thin tube put into your body to remove a liquid such as urine. flotation tank 漂浮仓 (a sensory deprivation [ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n] tank = isolation tank = flotation tank. deprivation I. uncountable a situation in which people do not have basic things that they need to live a comfortable life. social deprivation. II. countable/ vuncountable a situation in which you do not have something that you need or want. He was beginning to show symptoms of sleep deprivation. the deprivations of prison life. ) a large container filled with salt water in which people float in order to completely relax. incubator 婴儿仓 a piece of hospital equipment that ill or premature babies lie in to be kept warm and given treatment. pacemaker 心跳辅助器 medical a small piece of electronic equipment connected to someone’s heart to help the heart muscles move regularly. stethoscope [ˈsteθəˌskoʊp] 听诊器 noun a piece of equipment used by doctors for listening to someone's heart or breathing. stirrup [ˈstɪrəp] 马磴子 noun a thing that is used for supporting your foot, for example when giving birth.)", a term stemming from commonly used devices in the 1950s (particularly the "Bird respirator"). However, in the present-day medical field, the word "respirator" refers to a protective face mask and ventilators are never referred to as respirators. Noninvasive methods, such as Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and Non-invasive ventilation, which are adequate for patients who require a ventilator only while sleeping and resting, mainly employ a nasal mask. Invasive methods require intubation ( intubate 插管 [ˈɪntjʊˌbeɪt] (transitive) medicine to insert a tube or cannula into (a hollow organ); cannulate. ), which for long-term ventilator dependence will normally be a tracheotomy cannula, as this is much more comfortable and practical for long-term care than is larynx or nasal intubation. 3. In economics and finance, risk aversion 不愿承担危险, 规避风险心理 is the behavior of humans, who, when exposed to uncertainty, attempt to lower that uncertainty. It is the hesitation of a person to agree to a situation with an unknown payoff rather than another situation with a more predictable payoff but possibly lower expected payoff. risk-averse 规避风险的 adj unwilling to take risks or wanting to avoid risks as much as possible: He feels modern attitudes to children's play are too restrictive and risk-averse. risk-averse investors. "The risk aversion we've seen, the spike in the volatility doesn't bode well for the Aussie. The outbreaks are still in the early stages and the uncertainty is likely to remain for some time and that's going to prevent the Aussie from climbing. Central bank measures are very much welcome but the uncertainty of the impact means the market will remain volatile 动荡." said NAB senior FX strategist Rodrigo Catril. 4. precaution 保险起见 something done to protect people or things against possible harm or trouble. as a precaution 保险起见, 谨慎起见, 以防万一: Residents along the coast were evacuated as a precaution. take precautions 采取保护措施, 谨慎起见: Doctors recommend taking precautions to protect your skin from the sun. flatline noun. a situation in which someone or something is dead or no longer operating. go flatline: Over-demand has caused free Internet access to go flatline. flatline verb. I. to die or be so near death that the display of one's vital signs on medical monitoring equipment shows a flat line rather than peaks and troughs. II. to remain at a continuous low level. to fall to a very low level. fail to increase; remain static. "their share of the vote has flatlined at about 3%". After a period of rapid growth, demand for cell phones has almost flatlined. a. to be at a low level and not increase: Have widescreen TV prices finally flatlined? b. to stop being popular or successful: Her acting career has flatlined. numb out I. To become numb to one's emotions or outside sensations as a result some physical or psychological stimulus or trauma. As a way of dealing with my depression and anxiety, I spent several years in college just numbing out 麻木, 变得麻木 with booze and video games. A large portion of the population is just numbing out when it comes to voting because they feel like the system is inherently broken. II. To cause someone to become numb to their emotions or outside sensations as a result some physical or psychological stimulus or trauma. The loss of my daughter in the accident completely numbed me out for the better part of 10 years. My doctor prescribed this medication to help me cope with my anxiety, but I find that it's been really numbing me out, so I might ask her about going off it for a while. 5. 抢购: Anticipating long periods at home, shoppers, alike in Australia, have been snapping up essentials such as toilet roll and dried foods before more restrictive measures 限制性措施 are implemented实施. Video of shoppers fighting have been commonplace across Australian social media, and a handful of videos emerging from Britain shows tensions are flaring 紧张情绪爆发 among some of its 66 million population. A surge in concerned buying has forced Coles and Woolworths into unprecedented moves in recent days. Both supermarkets have now implemented a shopping hour between 7am and 8am that allows elderly and disabled shoppers to access products before other shoppers. 离队: Patriots [ˈpeɪtriət] owner Robert Kraft, who deferred to ( defer to arrange for something to happen at a later time than you had planned. If you defer an event or action, you arrange for it to happen at a later date, rather than immediately or at the previously planned time. Customers often defer payment for as long as possible. I'm not going to defer decisions just because they are not immediately politically popular. defer to 听从 to accept someone's opinion or decision, especially because you respect them. If you defer to someone, you accept their opinion or do what they want you to do, even when you do not agree with it yourself, because you respect them or their authority. Doctors are encouraged to defer to experts. I will defer to Mr. Walters on this point. ) coach Bill Belichick in the negotiations, told NBC Sports he hoped Brady would play in New England or retire. Kraft, Belichick and Brady have been widely seen as the three pillars 柱石, 支柱 of the Patriots' unprecedented run of success since 2001. Reached by ESPN's Mike Reiss after Brady posted his message, Kraft said: "Tommy initiated contact 主动联系 last night and came over. We had a positive, respectful discussion. It's not the way I want it to end, but I want him to do what is in his best personal interest. After 20 years with us, he has earned that right. I love him like a son." Shortly after Brady's post, the Patriots released statements from Kraft and Belichick. Among their comments, Belichick said: "Tom and I will always have a great relationship built on love, admiration, respect and appreciation. Tom's success as a player and his character as a person are exceptional." Replacing Brady won't be easy for the Patriots due to salary cap constraints. Since he reached free agency, they will have $13.5 million in dead money from his contract in 2020, even though he'll be on another team. The next quarterback in line is 23-year-old Jarrett Stidham, a fourth-round draft pick in 2019 who appeared in three games last season. It's believed that the Patriots like what they have in the Auburn product, but he is untested 未经考验的. 6. equity [ˈekwəti] I. uncountable formal a fair and reasonable way of behaving toward people, so that everyone is treated in the same way. a political campaign for pay equity 同工同酬. Equity is the quality of being fair and reasonable in a way that gives equal treatment to everyone. We base this call on grounds of social justice and equity. a. legal a branch of law that developed alongside the common law and that is used to obtain a fair result when common law does not provide a solution. There are numerous unwritten rules pertaining to the principles of equity. II. uncountable business the value of a property after you have taken away the amount left to pay on the mortgage (=money borrowed to buy it). In finance, your equity is the sum of your assets, for example the value of your house, once your debts have been subtracted from it. To capture his equity, Murphy must either sell or refinance. ...a Personal Equity Plan. a. the value of a company's shares. III. equities 股权 plural business company shares that can be bought and sold on a stock market. negative equity If someone who has borrowed money to buy a house or flat has negative equity, the amount of money they owe is greater than the present value of their home. Negative gearing is a form of financial leverage whereby an investor borrows money to acquire an income-producing investment and the gross income generated by the investment (at least in the short term) is less than the cost of owning and managing the investment, including depreciation and interest charged on the loan (but excluding capital repayments). The investor may enter into a negatively geared investment expecting tax benefits or the capital gain on the investment after it is sold to exceed the accumulated losses of holding the investment. The investor would take into account the tax treatment of negative gearing, which may generate additional benefits to the investor in the form of tax benefits if the loss on a negatively geared investment is tax-deductible against the investor's other taxable income and if the capital gain on the sale is given a favourable tax treatment. equality [ɪˈkwɒləti] the state of being equal, especially in having the same rights, status, and opportunities. The Party is committed to sexual and racial equality. Countless people have died trying to achieve basic equality for women. equality between: equality between husband and wife. equality with: Young men sought equality with their elders. equation [ɪˈkweɪʒ(ə)n] 等式. inequality [ˌɪnɪˈkwɑləti] 数学中的不等式(数学中的表达式是expression) a situation in which people are not equal because some groups have more opportunities, power, money, etc. than others. inequality in: There are great inequalities in health care across the country. social/economic/racial/sexual inequality: policies aimed at eliminating poverty, unemployment, and social inequality. inequality between: Her book is about the inequality between women and men. equity VS equality: Equity and equality are two strategies we can use in an effort to produce fairness. Equity is giving everyone what they need to be successful. Equality is treating everyone the same. Equality
aims to promote fairness, but it can only work if everyone starts from
the same place and needs the same help. Equity appears unfair, but it
actively moves everyone closer to success by "leveling the playing
field." But not everyone starts at the same place, and not everyone has
the same needs. Equity, as we have seen, involves trying to understand
and give people what they need to enjoy full, healthy lives. Equality,
in contrast, aims to ensure that everyone gets the same things in order
to enjoy full, healthy lives. Like equity, equality aims to promote
fairness and justice, but it can only work if everyone starts from the
same place and needs the same things.
团结 (have each other's back. be united on something 一致的. togetherness, cohesion, stick together like glue ): 1. freeze harden 硬化, 强硬 solidify固化. stiffen. Study the examples below to see how these verbs may be used: If it's cold enough in January, the lake will freeze (over)结冰 and we can go skating. His assets were frozen冻结 because he was five hundred thousand pounds in debt. This glue dries very fast and hardens变硬, 硬化 in less than an hour. His attitude to the company hardened态度强硬, 变强硬 when he realized that his shares were worthless. Pour the beef dripping into a bowl and when it has solidified凝固, 固化 you can spread it on toast. All the various factions solidified 团结一致, 团结一心 and promised allegiance to their leader. She was afraid. Her whole body stiffened僵硬不已 when she heard him come through the door. They were clearly going to lose, but their resistance stiffened抵抗顽强, 抵抗顽固 and they fought harder than before. 2. togetherness 团结一致, 抱团心理
a feeling of friendship and happiness in a close relationship.
Togetherness is a happy feeling of affection and closeness to other
people, especially your friends and family. Nothing can ever take the place of real love and family togetherness. There is a need for a sense of togetherness. There is a need for the community to be informed. Herd mentality, mob mentality and pack mentality 从众心理, also lesser known as gang mentality,
describes how people can be influenced by their peers to adopt certain
behaviors on a largely emotional, rather than rational, basis. herd together to make people come together to form a group The rest of us were herded together in the room opposite. herd verb. to make a group of animals move together to another place. Every summer he worked on his uncle's farm, herding sheep 赶羊群, 牧羊. a. to move people as a group from one place to another. Tourists were herded from room to room through the museum. like herding cats 像赶羊群一样 humorous used to refer to a difficult or impossible task, for example organizing a group of people who all want to do different things. We have the task of getting people back from the break. It's like herding cats. graze I. to eat grass growing in a field. The sheep were grazing 牧羊, 放牧 peacefully. a. transitive to put an animal in a place where it can eat grass. Farmers can now graze their cattle on the mountain. II. intransitive/transitive to touch something slightly when you pass it. She let her fingers graze lightly against his skin. III. transitive to break the surface of your skin, for example when you fall to the ground. He fell off the swing and grazed his knee. IV. intransitive informal to eat small amounts of food regularly instead of eating meals. 3. Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, who wanted the Socialists' support in order to present a united 一致对外的, 团结一致的 political front against the secessionist(secession [sɪˈseʃ(ə)n] the act of seceding, especially from a country. secede [sɪˈsid] 分裂
to officially leave an organization. This word is used especially about
a state or region that chooses to become independent and govern itself.) Catalan government, will hold a special cabinet meeting on Saturday to start to process of imposing direct rule. gesture of: a gesture of support/solidarity/goodwill 以示支持, 以示好意, 表示支持, 以示团结. 4. Scandals: All right, we need to be united 意见统一, 想法一致, 统一, 一致, 团结一致, 齐心协力 on this. Are we united on this? If I do this, we all do this. You have to have my back. Are we gladiators, or are we bitches? I need to hear it. 5. The ban prompted outrage from the supportive community, who banded together 团结起来, 团结一致 to protest the grinch-like ( grinch 煞风景, 败兴 I.
A grouch or killjoy. II. someone who tries to stop people enjoying
themselves. A person who aggressively sets out to ruin the Christmas
holidays for others. ingrate [ˈɪnɡreɪt] someone who is not grateful in the way they should be. ) warning. 5. By 1973, this had developed into 发展成为 a cohesive political movement 团结的政治运动. cohesive adj [koʊˈhisɪv] combining well to form a strong well-organized unit. Something that is cohesive consists of parts that fit together well and form a united whole. It takes an enormous amount of work to make a cohesive album. Huston had assembled a remarkably cohesive 有凝聚力的 and sympathetic cast. They had no group cohesiveness 集体凝聚力. They were in competition with each other all the time. cohesion 凝聚力, 团结一致: I. a situation in which people or things combine well to form a unit. If there is cohesion within a society, organization, or group, the different members fit together well and form a united whole. The cohesion of the armed forces was rapidly breaking down. The group's teaching and methods threatened social cohesion. The common threat of war produces cohesion in a community. However, there is no discernible political cohesion 团结, 凝聚力
within the group, and as such they should not be compared to other
informal groupings such as the Shanghai clique or the Tuanpai ("Youth
League clique"), which resemble inter-party factions with some degree of affinity on policy issues. II. linguistics a relationship between sentences or parts of a piece of writing that is shown by particular words or phrases. 6. All right, well, I'd say the case is in good hands. Us little guys really need to stick together (like glue) 团结一致, 团结起来, 团结在一起, right? Like glue. Good one. Just call me if you ever need anything. Okay? You've always got a friend at City Hall, Judy. 7. glue (something) together (be joined at the hip) To adhere the parts or pieces of something to each other. Don't worry about this old thing, I'll just glue it back together when I get home. Do you really think we can glue the pieces of Mom's vase together? 8. The last surviving dragons in the world were possessed by House Targaryen, who used them to conquer and unify 统一 the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros three hundred years before the War of the Five Kings. unify I. [transitive] to unite people or countries so that they will work together. They're trying to find a candidate who will unify all factions. a. [intransitive] to become united. If the party unifies, the bill might become law. II. [transitive] to make things work well together. The theory unifies two fundamental forces. unite
I. [intransitive] if people, groups, or countries unite, they join
together, often to work together to achieve a particular goal. Our community has united to demand a safer neighbourhood. unite behind: Party members will unite behind a stronger candidate. a. [transitive] to join people, groups, or countries together. We want to forge a policy that unites people, not divides them. unify (make something one 被动的, 强制的通过武力的联合成一个, 合成一体) VS unite (become one 主动的) 所以秦始皇武力统一中国, 统一度量衡用unify (Both rumination and worry are associated with anxiety and other negative emotional states; however, its measures have not been unified 衡量标准并没有统一起来.), 而美国和联合国用 united:
I think the difference is to best explained in their origins: unify
from unificare from uni + the root of facere 'make' or: one + make =
make somethings one. unite from unitus, PP of unire 'unite' from unus
'one' or: 'become one'. From these origins, unify is always the more passive: somethings are made one, unified, whereas unite is more active, we unite - ourselves or others. 'United 齐心协力 we stand, divided we fall.'
Whoever wrote that did not use unified, because 'we united' we were not
'unified' by some third party. But the difference is slight, and there
is overlap in the usage. 'He unified the country.' 'He united the
country' I can't see a difference here. 'We have our family arguments, but, in the face of threat from outside, we unite as one.'
I don't think unify would be appropriate here, because 'we' are active,
not passive. So: if you and others actively come together by your own
volition, unite. If you and others are brought together, through fair
means or foul, by a third party, unify. As a transitive verb, either
will do, I imagine. 另一个回答: Unify tends to be used with things. Unite tends to be used with people, although it can also be used with things. Unify is reductive: the unification of Germany turned two nations into one.
To unify is to simplify: if a company has a unified vision, it has a
clear mission, a clear, single idea of what its purpose is. To unite is to bring together different entities. They remain different entities but act together. When the workers of the world unite, there are just as many of them, but they form a larger group which is more powerful.
The United States of America includes fifty different states. They
belong together and (sometimes) act together, but they remain fifty
different states. A thing can be unified, but a person or a thing can't
be united. Several people or things can be united. A group of people or
things can be united. A person or a thing can be united with someone or
something else. But a person or a thing can't be united on its own.
Stock markets halted for unprecedented third time due to coronavirus scare: The morning after the Federal Reserve cut its interest rates to near zero at the urging of the president (a move meant to stabilize jittery 神经过敏的, 紧张的 markets worried about the economic fallout from the global response to the novel coronavirus pandemic), all of the indexes posted major losses. For the third time in the past two weeks, the Dow hit its emergency circuit breaker 熔断机制 as the market opened; the S&P also halted trades. The Dow Jones Industrial Average was down nearly 10% at the open, falling by 2,250 points to 20,935. The Nasdaq was off by 6.12%, falling 7,392.73. The S&P 500 fell by 8.14%, or 220.55, to open at 2,490.47. The huge drop mirrored movements in international markets — which were all thrown into turmoil by the Fed's drastic rate cuts. Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index, Japan's Nikkei, London's FTSE and the Shanghai Exchange all saw losses for the day (London is still trading). The Monday morning sell-off 抛售 all but erased the "biggest stock market rise in history" touted by President Donald Trump on Friday after an announcement in the Rose Garden detailing the steps America's corporations were taking to halt the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. That meeting was followed by a weekend full of pronouncements from cities and states across the U.S. urging Americans to self-quarantine and shuttering non-essential businesses like bars, restaurants and entertainment venues in an effort to enforce social distancing amid an ongoing rise in cases. Meanwhile, the government is beginning to roll out large scale testing for COVID-19 to finally determine exactly how widely the disease has spread. The latest number, tallied by Johns Hopkins, is nearly 170,000 cases globally, with nearly 3,800 in the U.S. The see-saw of the markets puts everything into unforeseen territory and not even the supposed digital safe haven 安全港湾 of bitcoin is immune. Prices of the digital currency fell to $4,644.53 compared to one month ago, when it was hovering around $10,000. This is the third time that so-called circuit breakers (trading curbs) 熔断机制 have tripped 触发 in the last few days. We had a Level 1 circuit breaker trip ( trip I. intransitive 绊了一下. 几乎绊倒. to hit your foot on something and fall down. If you trip when you are walking, you knock your foot against something and fall or nearly fall. The stairs are a little uneven, so be careful you don't trip. trip on/over 被绊倒: I tripped over a rock. He tripped up on a cable and broke his ankle. a. transitive to make someone hit their foot on something and fall down. If you trip someone who is walking or running, you put your foot or something else in front of them, so that they knock their own foot against it and fall or nearly fall. 故意伸腿去绊. 伸脚去绊. One guy stuck his foot out and tried to trip me. He made a sudden dive for Uncle Jim's legs to try to trip him up. He was tripped up by a passer-by. She stuck out her foot and tripped him as he passed. II. intransitive literary to move with quick light steps. If someone trips somewhere, they walk there with light, quick steps. A girl in a red smock tripped down 迈着轻快的脚步, 蹦蹦跳跳地 the hill. They tripped along with scarcely a care in the world. III. transitive to make a switch go on or off, especially by accident. When the switch is tripped 不小心碰到, the alarm goes off. IV. trip out American intransitive very informal to feel the effects of a powerful illegal drug. be tripping over each other 互相踩踏着抢, 争先恐后的, 争抢着 if people are tripping over each other in order to get or do something, they are all hurrying to get it or do it. People were tripping over each other to congratulate her. someone is tripping [on sth] used for saying that you think someone is crazy or is behaving in an unreasonable way. One night I was tripping on acid. She's tripping if she thinks she can buy an apartment in Manhattan. trip out intransitive Americanvery informal to start behaving in a silly or uncontrolled way, often because you are frightened or worried. That was the summer she tripped out and went to New Mexico. trip up I. to make a mistake, or to cause someone to make a mistake. The tests are designed to trip you up. trip up on: I tripped up on a couple of questions. II. I tripped up 摔倒, 绊倒 when I was running after the dog. roll/trip/slip off the tongue 好发音, 顺口, 顺嘴 to be easy to pronounce. It's not exactly a name that rolls off the tongue. a trip/walk down memory lane an occasion when people remember or talk about things that happened in the past. lay a guilt trip on someone to make someone feel guilty about something. If you say that someone is, for example, on a power trip, a guilt trip, or a nostalgia trip, you mean that their behaviour is motivated by power, guilt, or nostalgia. [informal, disapproval] There's such pressure to be happy in Hawaii, if you're unhappy you're on a guilt trip. The biggest star perk, and the biggest power trip, must be the private plane. trip noun. I. A trip is an experience that someone has when their mind is affected by a drug such as LSD. An anxious or depressed person can experience a really bad trip 吸毒经历, 吸毒体验. ) on March 9 and another one on March 12 as markets recoiled from growing concerns over the global outbreak of coronavirus. While markets have also had their up days — this past Friday the Dow surged more than 5% — the persistent expansion of restrictions 限制的 (restrictive measures 限制性措施) on consumers and travel continues to ripple through the markets. For a Level 1 pause to be triggered, the S&P 500 has to see a 7% drop from the previous trading day's close. A Level 2 stop is activated at a 13% drop and a Level 3 at 20%. Level 1 and 2 triggers shut down the market for a minimum of 15 minutes; a Level 3 circuit breaker suspends activity on the NYSE (and major U.S. exchanges) for the remainder of the trading day. These circuit breakers were put in place by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and have been standardized across major U.S. exchanges since 2012. Circuit breaker trips are more common on individual stocks (where similar rules apply), but market-wide trading halts are relatively rare. Three in just a matter of a bit more than a week is unprecedented in the history of the U.S. markets, barring ( unless the thing mentioned happens or exists. Barring any further delays, we should be able to start tomorrow. You use barring to indicate that the person, thing, or event that you are mentioning is an exception to your statement. Barring accidents, I believe they will succeed. bar verb I. often passive to officially say that something must not happen, or that someone must not do something or go somewhere. The new rule bars the export of live animals. bar someone from (doing) something: It was an old-fashioned club from which women were barred. He has been barred from running for political office for five years. II. to put something across a door or window so that no one can get through it. Bar the door and don't let anyone in. a. to prevent someone from going somewhere by standing in their way. Guards were everywhere, barring all exits. bar someone's way/path: There were three vicious-looking dogs 看上去很凶的, 看上去很恶的 barring our way 挡住路, 挡住去路. ) the exception of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, in which the New York Stock Exchange and other markets were closed for roughly a week.
Tuesday, 17 March 2020
protein, bodybuilding supplements; 万能钥匙, 万金油, 万全之策; witch, wizard/warlock/sorcerer;
用法学习： 1. unbeknownst [ʌnbi'nounst] = unknownst (followed by to) without the knowledge of. He went home early, unbeknownst to his mother. 2. catch on (with someone) Fig. [for something] to become popular with someone. I hope our new product catches on with children. I'm sure it will catch on. catch something on something 挂住, 勾住( snag) to snag something on something. I caught the pocket of my trousers on the drawer pull and almost ripped it off. He caught the sleeve of his uniform on a branch. snag n. a sausage in Australian English. v. I. 挂住. 勾住. To tear, break, hinder, or destroy by or as if by a snag. To be damaged by a snag: His sweater snagged on a tree branch. snagged a stocking长袜 on a splinter碎皮, 裂片. II. Informal To catch unexpectedly and quickly: snagged a bargain. III. To free of snags: snagged the river. IV. To catch (a fish), especially by hooking in a place other than its mouth. wiki: In textiles, a snag is created when a sharp or rough object pulls, plucks, scratches, or drags a group of fibres, yarn, or a yarn segment from its normal pattern. Snags can be classified into three types: Snags that have a protrusion and no distortion, Snags that have distortion and no protrusion, Snags that have both protrusion and distortion. Objects that often cause snags are rough fingernails or toenails, or hangnails. When a snag occurs in certain fine textiles like pantyhose, it is called a run 线头, 脱线. This is because the snag breaks at least one fibre, causing the knit to come undone in a line which runs up the grain of the fabric. catch someone napping/off balance/up short 出其不意, 乘其不备的 to come upon someone who is unprepared; to surprise someone.The enemy soldiers caught our army napping. The thieves caught the security guard napping. I didn't expect you so soon. You caught me off balance. The teacher asked a trick question and caught me up short. The robbers caught Ann off balance and stole her purse. asleep at the switch Fig. not attending to one's job; failing to do one's duty at the proper time. (Alludes to a technician or engineer on a train sleeping instead of turning whatever switches are required. be ~; fall ~.) The security guard fell asleep at the switch and a robber broke in. If I hadn't been asleep at the switch, I'd have noticed the car being stolen. Etymology: based on the idea of someone going to sleep while they are responsible for operating the switch (device) that allows a train to move from one track to another. catch someone in the act (of doing something) 抓现行, 当场抓获, 人赃俱获 to discover someone doing a [bad] deed at the very moment when the deed is being done. I caught her in the act of stealing the coat. He was caught in the act of taking money from the cash box. If you are speeding and one of our officers catches you in the act, you will get a ticket. catch someone flat-footed/red-handed to catch a person in the act of doing something wrong.Tom was stealing the car when the police drove by and caught him red-handed. Mary tried to cash a forged check at the bank, and the teller caught her red-handed. Tom was caught in the act and cannot deny what he did. Many car thieves are caught red-handed. catch somebody on the hop 强弩之末之时 if you catch someone on the hop, you do something when they are not ready for it and may not be able to deal with it well I'm afraid you've caught me on the hop - I wasn't expecting your call until this afternoon. If we attack at the very start of the game, we may just catch their defenders on the hop. take/catch someone or something by surprise to startle or surprise someone or something. She bolted into the room and took them by surprise. I took the little bird by surprise, and it flew away. 3. sultana [sʌl'tɑ:nə] n. I. (Cookery) The often yellow raisin made from this grape. the dried fruit of a small white seedless grape, originally produced in SW Asia: used in cakes, curries, etc.; seedless raisin. Raisin ['reizən]葡萄干 bran (sultana葡萄干 bran in some countries. bran 糠, 麸皮.) is a breakfast cereal manufactured by several companies under a variety of brand names, including Kellogg's Raisin Bran. II. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) Also called sultaness a wife, concubine, or female relative of a sultan. III. a mistress; concubine. 4. fudge I. 一种类似于年糕的甜食. Fudge is a type of
Western confectionery which is usually very sweet, extremely rich and
frequently flavored with cocoa. It is made by mixing sugar, butter, and
milk and heating it to the soft-ball stage at 240 °F (116 °C), and then
beating the mixture while it cools so that it acquires a smooth, creamy
consistency. II. 犹豫不决的. 推诿, 逃避. 搪塞. fudge and mudge; To act in an indecisive manner. To evade
(an issue, for example); dodge: always fudged on the important questions. III. a. To go beyond the proper limits of something: fudged on the building code建筑风格规范 requirements. b. 篡改. 捏造 (distort the fact). To act dishonestly; cheat. To fake or falsify. to exaggerate a cost, estimate, etc., in order to allow leeway for error: fudge casualty figures. Don't fudge the numbers. A lot of people fudge their hours in driving lessons. c. 作弊. to cheat or welsh (often fol. by on): to fudge on an exam; to fudge on one's campaign promises. fudge factor 允许误差. Fig. a margin of error. I
never use a fudge factor. I measure correctly, and I cut the material
exactly the way I measured it. I built in a fudge factor of three
percent. fudge packer I. One who packs fudge. II. A male homosexual. III. A person who practices anal sex. to pack fudge(大概是因为fudge像大便的颜色吧) to perform homosexual anal sex. 5. Familiarity breeds contempt. Prov. People do not respect someone they know well enough to know his or her faults. The movie star doesn't let anyone get to know him, because he knows that familiarity breeds contempt. beneath contempt exceedingly contemptible. What you have done is beneath contempt. Your rude behavior is beneath contempt. in contempt (of court) 藐视法庭 showing disrespect for a judge or courtroom procedures. The bailiff ejected the lawyer who was held in contempt. The judge found the juror in contempt of court when she screamed at the attorney. Circle jerk, the male sexual practice of group masturbation. A circle jerk is a sexual practice in which a group of men or boys form a circle and masturbate themselves or each other. In the metaphorical sense, the term is used to refer to a "boring or time-wasting meeting or other event". cecectomy盲肠切除术 excision of the cecum盲肠( cecum ['si:kəm] = caecum ). colectomy [kə'lɛktəmi] 结肠切除术 Surgical removal of part or all of the colon结肠. excise ['ɛksaiz] (和exercise不同)
I. 消费税. An internal tax imposed on the production, sale, or consumption
of a commodity or the use of a service within a country: excises on tobacco, liquor, and long-distance telephone calls. II. v. 切除, 割除. 割掉. To remove by or as if by cutting: excised the tumor; excised two scenes from the film. Caecitis or cecitis, more commonly called typhlitis [tif'laitis] or typhlenteritis, is an inflammation of the cecum (part of the large intestine大肠) that may be associated with infection. Inflammation can spread to other parts of the gut in patients with caecitis. The condition can also cause the cecum to become distended and can cut off its blood supply. Appendicitis阑尾炎 is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix阑尾(也是附录的意思). It is classified as a medical emergency and many cases require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy or laparoscopy. Untreated, mortality is high致命率很高, mainly because of the risk of rupture leading to infection and inflammation of the intestinal lining (peritoneum) and eventual sepsis, clinically known as peritonitis which can lead to circulatory shock. 6. pack on(pack on the pounds): gain (weight); (idiomatic) To gain weight, especially as a result of vigorous or excessive eating. "He packed on two pounds over the summer". pack it in I. Fig. to quit trying to do something; to give up trying something and quit. I was so distressed that I almost packed it in. I've had enough! I'm going to pack it in. II. Fig. to go to bed. Good night. It's time for me to pack it in. We drove to a hotel and packed it in. the joker in the pack 变数 someone or something that could change a situation in a way that you do not expect The independent candidate is the joker in the pack in this election. lead the pack to be first or best of a group For the second week in a row, the new Star Wars movie leads the pack at the box office. ahead of the pack more successful than those you are competing against In terms of raising money, Joe Anderson is way ahead of the pack. Of all the software I've tested, this product is ahead of the pack. pack them in to attract many people Her Friday night appearances at the club have been packing them in. pack somebody up to prepare someone to leave by gathering all their possessions When the teachers heard about a flood warning, they packed up the children and sent them home. 7. organic 有机的 of, pertaining to, or involving animals, produce, etc., raised or grown without synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or drugs: organic farming; organic chicken. an organic restaurant. an organic lifestyle. organic cattle farming. wellspring 源泉. I. the head or source of a spring, stream, river, or the like; fountainhead. II. a continuous, seemingly inexhaustible source or supply of something: a wellspring of affection. temper tantrums脾气暴躁 in children. Minor dark circles, in addition to a hint of eye bags, a combination suggestive of minor sleep deprivation. A tremor(hand tremor 手震, 手抖) is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving to and fro movements (oscillations 振动, 波动 or twitching抽搐, 抽动, 抖动. a nervous twitch神经质的抽搐 He has a twitch眼皮跳 in his right eye. ) of one or more body parts. It is the most common of all involuntary movements and can affect the hands, arms, eyes, face, head, vocal folds, trunk, and legs. Most tremors occur in the hands. In some people, tremor is a symptom of another neurological disorder. A very common kind of tremor is the chattering of teeth打牙战, 牙颤, usually induced by cold temperatures or by fear. 8. Athletics田径 is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking竞走. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly competed sports in the world. Athletics is mostly an individual sport, with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes' performances for a team score, such as cross country. Little Athletics青少年田径 is a uniquely Australian sport for children aged 5-16 years. As the name suggests, it is based upon the sport of athletics (track and field) and the events are specially modified to suit the ages and abilities of children. A wide range of running, jumping, throwing and walking events is conducted. Little A's, as it is affectionately referred to by those who enjoy it, is not really about winning, but about having fun, making friends and getting families involved in healthy activities. The emphasis is placed on participation重在参与 and personal improvement. It is little surprise then, that the motto of Little Athletics is: "Family, Fun and Fitness". 9. trace elements微量元素. minerals矿物质. neck of the woods (informal) area of the country. I'm surprised to see you in this neck of the woods. What brings you here? There's no scenery like this in your neck of the woods, is there? The lentil (lentil beans小扁豆) is an edible pulse/bean. It is a bushy annual plant of the legume family, grown for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about 40 centimetres (16 in) tall and the seeds grow in pods豆荚, usually with two seeds in each. Lentils are relatively tolerant to drought抗干旱, and are grown throughout the world. 10. I am quite adventurous 什么都敢吃的 when it comes to eating. If you are an adventurous eater胆大的食客, this is the Meetup for you. We are looking for unusual dining experiences: the more unusual, the better.
万能钥匙, 万金油, 万全之策: 1. A skeleton key (master key) (also known as a passing key) is either a key that has been altered in such a way as to bypass the wards placed inside a warded lock, or a card that contains information necessary to open locks for a certain area like a hotel etc., or an American term for a lever or "bit" type(一个长棍, 仅在头儿处有一个突起. 那种老钥匙. ) key. The term derives from the fact that the key has been reduced to its essential parts. The term "skeleton key", in a more general sense, is also sometimes used in reference to key or similar object capable of opening any lock regardless of make or type. The term refers to the skeletal structure which can bypass all locks. The term is also often misapplied to refer to any antique key. A skeleton key is one that has been filed or cut so that it can be used to unlock a variety of warded locks each with a different configuration of wards. This can usually be done by removing most of the centre of the key, allowing it to pass by the wards without interference, unlocking or locking the lock. To counteract this, wards can be placed not just in the center but on the outside as well, making attempts at creating a successful skeleton key harder. 2. A warded lock (also called a ward lock) is a type of lock that uses a set of obstructions, or wards, to prevent the lock from opening unless the correct key is inserted. The correct key has notches or slots corresponding to the obstructions in the lock, allowing it to rotate freely inside the lock. Large warded locks are still in use today in the UK and Ireland for internal and external doors. Warded locks in America are commonly used in inexpensive padlocks(Padlocks are detachable locking devices used to protect against unauthorized use, vandalism, and theft. They are designed to protect against some degree of surreptitious and forced entry.), cabinet locks, and other low-security applications, since a well-designed skeleton key can successfully open a wide variety of warded locks. 3. panacea [,pænə'siə] = cure all 万金油. 万能钥匙, 万全之策( A great personality is the cure-all 王道, 万金油 when it comes to dealing with people. ) A remedy for all diseases, evils, or difficulties; a cure-all. The panacea [pænə'si:ə], named after the Greek goddess of Universal remedy, Panacea, also known as panchrest, was supposed to be a remedy that would cure all diseases and prolong life indefinitely. It was sought by the alchemists as a connection to the elixir of life and the philosopher's stone 点石成金, 金手指, a mythical substance which would enable the transmutation of common metals into gold点石成金. A panacea (or panaceum) is also a literary term to represent any solution to solve all problems related to a particular issue. 4. The philosopher's stone 长生不老药 is a legendary alchemical substance said to be capable of turning base metals (lead, for example) into gold 点石成金术 (chrysopoeia) or silver. It was also sometimes believed to be an elixir of life, useful for rejuvenation and possibly for achieving immortality. For many centuries, it was the most sought-after goal in Western alchemy( ['ælkəmi] 炼金术. Her beauty had a potent alchemy. alchemical adj. ). The philosopher's stone was the central symbol of the mystical terminology of alchemy, symbolizing perfection at its finest, enlightenment, and heavenly bliss. Efforts to discover the philosopher's stone were known as the Magnum Opus. 5. The elixir [i'liksər] of life 青春常驻药, 永葆青春药, also known as elixir of immortality and sometimes equated with the philosopher's stone, is a legendary/mythical potion, or drink, that when drank from a certain cup, at a certain time, grants the drinker eternal life and/or eternal youth. Many alchemist pursued it. The elixir of life was also said to be able to create life. 6. Snake oil 来路不明的药, 效果未知的药 is an expression that originally referred to fraudulent health products or unproven medicine but has come to refer to any product with questionable or unverifiable quality or benefit. By extension, a snake oil salesman is someone who knowingly sells fraudulent goods or who is himself or herself a fraud 骗子医生 (医骗 shonk ) ( shonky adj Australian and New Zealand informal I. of dubious integrity or legality. II. unreliable; unsound. ), quack 庸医, 蒙古医生, charlatan, and the like. quack I. a doctor who is not very good, or someone who cheats people by pretending to be a doctor. If you call someone a quack or a quack doctor, you mean that they claim to be skilled in medicine but are not. I went everywhere for treatment, tried all sorts of quacks. Quack remedies or quack cures are medical treatments that you think are unlikely to work because they are not scientific. Why do intelligent people find quack remedies so appealing? II. the sound that a duck makes. Suddenly he heard a quack. witch [wɪtʃ] 女巫师 I. a woman in stories who has magic powers. In fairy stories, a witch is a woman, usually an old woman, who has evil magic powers. Witches often wear a pointed black hat, and have a pet black cat. A man with magic powers is usually called a wizard. a. a real woman who claims that she has magic powers. A witch is someone who claims to have magic powers and to be able to use them for good or bad purposes. II. an insulting word for an unpleasant woman. witch's hat slang term for a traffic cone. witch doctor a man who uses magic powers to try to cure people who are sick. This word is now considered offensive by some people and it is more polite to say traditional healer. warlock (wizard) 男巫师 a man who has magic powers, especially a man who uses these powers to do evil things. A woman who has magic powers is called a witch. A warlock is a male practitioner of witchcraft (typically depicted as devious and untrustworthy in fictional works) (compare wizard, sorcerer). Unlike warlock (a term exclusively applied to boys and men), witch is an umbrella term for any practitioner of witchcraft, regardless of gender. A witch can be male or female because of its broad definition. A warlock is just the gender-specific word for a male witch. sorcerer [ˈsɔrs(ə)rər] In fairy stories, a sorcerer is a person who performs magic by using the power of evil spirits. wizard I. In legends and fairy stories, a wizard is a man who has magic powers. II. If you admire someone because they are very good at doing a particular thing, you can say that they are a wizard. [approval] ...a financial wizard 天才. Accountant John Talbot is a wizard with numbers. III. A wizard is a computer program that guides you through the stages of a particular task. Wizards and templates can help you create brochures, calendars, and Web pages. Witchcraft (or witchery) 巫术 is the practice of magical skills and abilities. Witchcraft is a broad term that varies culturally and societally, and thus can be difficult to define with precision; therefore, cross-cultural assumptions about the meaning or significance of the term should be applied with caution. Historically, and currently in most traditional cultures worldwide - notably in Asia, South America, Africa, the African diaspora, and Indigenous communities - the term is commonly associated with those who use metaphysical means to cause harm to the innocent. In the modern era, primarily in western popular culture, the word may more commonly refer to benign, positive, or neutral practices of modern paganism, such as divination or spellcraft(Magical practices involving the casting of spells 诅咒, 下咒语. An incantation, a spell, a charm, an enchantment or a bewitchery, is a magical formula intended to trigger a magical effect on a person or objects. The formula can be spoken, sung or chanted. An incantation can also be performed during ceremonial rituals or prayers. In the world of magic, incantations are said to be performed by wizards, witches, and fairies.). Belief in witchcraft is often present within societies and groups whose cultural framework includes a magical world view. bewitch [bɪˈwɪtʃ] to control someone's behaviour with magic. The old man was convinced that she had bewitched him. II. to make someone strongly attracted to you or interested in you. a player who bewitches the crowd with his speed and skill. bewitchery 妖术 a bewitching power; charm. incantation [ˌɪnkænˈteɪʃ(ə)n] 咒语 countable words that are repeated together several times because they are thought to have special power. An incantation is a series of words that a person says or sings as a magic spell. ...strange prayers and incantations. voices chanting their mysterious incantation. incantator I. a person who chants or utters incantations. II. an enchanter. decantate [diːˈkænˌteɪt] adj. I. having been repeated or sung again and again. verb. to repeat or sing again and again. divination [ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n] 算命 the practice of finding out about the future by receiving signs from the spirit world. Divination is the art or practice of discovering what will happen in the future using supernatural means. 7. Quackery 江湖郎中, 庸医 is the promotion of unproven or fraudulent medical practices. Random House Dictionary describes a "quack 江湖浪中, 江湖骗子, 江湖医生, 蒙古大夫" as a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, or qualifications he or she does not possess; a charlatan". "Health fraud" is often used as a synonym for quackery, but quackery's salient ( silent 安静寂寞的. salient ['seiliənt] adj 显著的, 明显的. 显眼的. 鲜明的. prominent, conspicuous, or striking a salient feature.) characteristic is aggressive promotion ("quacks quack!") rather than fraud, greed or misinformation. "Pseudo-medicine" is a term for treatments known to be ineffective, regardless of whether their advocates themselves believe in their effectiveness. 8. silver bullet 良药, 一劳永逸的办法 a simple solution to a complicated problem: There was no silver bullet that could have prevented the atrocities. a solution to a complicated problem that seems very simple but is unlikely to work. a simple and immediate remedy for an intractable problem. something that solves a difficult problem very quickly and easily. There is no silver bullet for this problem. Technology is not a silver bullet, and classroom teachers remain the best influence on students. Special hour at the shops not a silver bullet to the panic buying problems. There is no magic bullet 捷径, 特效药 to ( I. 万金油. 包治百病. 完美的解决方案. a medicine designed to cure an illness quickly and completely, without affecting other parts of the body. In medicine, a magic bullet is a drug or treatment that can cure a disease quickly and completely. a medicine or other remedy with advanced or highly specific properties. "there's no magic bullet 特效药, and we should just try to eat as varied and well-balanced a diet as possible". II. a quick and easy solution to a very difficult problem. A lot of people are looking for some sort of magic bullet that will solve this problem.) getting better at listening besides practice," she said. One strategy to hone 磨炼 listening skills is through a simple game of one-word volleyball, where two people build a story by rapidly taking turns to add a word to what the other said immediately before.
Bodybuilding supplement: Bodybuilders often supplement their diets with a powdered form of protein. The powder is mixed with water, milk or juice. Protein powder is generally consumed immediately before and after exercising, or in place of a meal. Some types of protein are to be taken directly before and after a workout (whey protein 乳清蛋白. whey[wei]: The watery part of milk that separates from the curds, as in the process of making cheese.), while others are to be taken before going to bed (casein ['keisiin] protein酪蛋白)(casein: A white, tasteless, odorless protein precipitated from milk by rennin. It is the basis of cheese and is used to make plastics, adhesives, paints, and foods.). The theory behind this supplementation is that bodybuilders, by virtue of their unique training methods and end-goals, require higher-than-average quantities of protein to support maximal muscle growth. Currently, no consensus一致意见, 统一意见 has been reached in determining whether or not an individual in exercise training can benefit from protein and amino acid supplements. Protein supplements come in various forms: ready to drink shakes, bars, bites, oats, gels and powders. Protein powders are available in a variety of flavors有不同口味. Whey protein contains high levels of all the essential amino acids and branched-chain amino acids. It also has the highest content of the amino acid cysteine, which aids in the biosynthesis of glutathione. For bodybuilders whey protein provides amino acids used to aid in muscle recovery肌肉恢复. Whey protein is derived from the process of making cheese from milk. There are three types of whey protein: whey concentrate, whey isolate, and whey hydrolysate. Whey concentrate is 29–89% protein by weight whereas whey isolate is 90%+ protein by weight. Whey hydrolysate is enzymatically predigested and therefore has the shortest rate of digestion of all protein types. Casein protein (or milk protein) has glutamine, and casomorphin. Soy protein from soybeans contain isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogen. Egg-white protein is a lactose- and dairy-free protein. Although it is generally undisputed无争议的 that athletes and bodybuilders need an increased intake of protein, the exact amount is highly individualized各不相同的, 因人而异的 and dependent on the type and duration of the exercise as well as the physiological make up of the individual. Age, gender, and body size may vary this protein intake. Some health experts have criticized protein shakes as being unnecessary for most people that consume them, since most users already get enough protein in the normal varied diet with enough calories. However, there is some evidence to support the idea that protein shakes are superior to whole foods with regards to enhancing muscle hypertrophy in the one hour window在一小时之内 following intensive exercise. Moreover, for athletes who do not have the time to prepare whole food meals on the run or immediately after exercise, a protein shake may be preferred for practical as well as performance reasons. Additionally, some studies suggest low-calorie dieters, vegetarians, haphazard ( Dependent upon or characterized by mere chance. ) eaters and those who train very heavily训练很苦, 训练很重 may benefit significantly from protein supplements. Traditional nutrition theory states that the body can only metabolize新陈代谢 5–9 grams of protein per hour, and that excessive daily intake过量摄入 can cause weight gain, kidney problems, osteoporosis, or diarrhea. However, many bodybuilders report consuming hundreds of grams of protein per day to achieve maximal strength gains, so this nutrition requirement may only apply to the general public一般大众. Taking an overdose过量 of protein can lead to a loss of appetite食欲下降, 食欲丧失, which may be useful for some dieters. Nutritionists claim that osteoporosis骨质疏松症 occurs from excessive protein intake because protein can put pressure on the kidneys and lead to bone loss due to calcium leaching( leach[li:tʃ] I. 过滤 to remove or be removed from a substance by a percolating liquid. II. 侵蚀 to lose or cause to lose soluble substances by the action of a percolating liquid. leach away [for something] to erode or wash away gradually by leaching. The soft sandstone leached away under the constant rains. The flowerpots sat out in the rain, where all the nutrients in the soil leached away. leach in (to something) 渗入, 渗滤, 渗透. [for a substance] to seep or penetrate into something. The salt leached into the soil and ruined it. A tremendous amount of salt leached in. percolate ['pɜ:kə,leit] I. To cause (liquid, for example) to pass through a porous substance or small holes; filter. II. To pass or ooze through: Water percolated the sand. III. To make (coffee) in a percolator. percolate through something [for a liquid] to seep down through something. The water percolated through the coffee grounds too slowly for Fred, who was just dying for a hot cup of the stuff. The water percolated through the subsoil and appeared again at the bottom of the hill. ). However, recent research has cast doubts on these claims说法, and suggests that higher calcium excretion may be due to increased calcium absorption in the intestines due to protein intake. Nutritionists also argue against increased protein consumption because weight gain may occur because, as the body cannot store储存 protein, excess protein will either be burned as energy or stored as fat (if you are already getting the calories you need). However, dietary protein is converted to fat far less efficiently than either carbohydrates [,kɑ:bəu'haidreit] or lipids脂类化合物( lipid = lipide [‘laipid 'lipid] any of a large group of organic compounds that are esters of fatty acids (simple lipids, such as fats and waxes) or closely related substances (compound lipids, such as phospholipids): usually insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents. They are important structural materials in living organisms ), so consuming a calorie excess in protein will result in far less fat gain that would a calorie excess of other macronutrients. Essential fatty acids脂肪酸: The essential fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid) may be especially important to supplement while bodybuilding; these cannot readily be made in the body, but are required for various functions within the body to take place. Fatty fish, such as fresh salmon and trout are rich in essential fatty acids and fish oils can also be taken in supplement form. Flaxseed oil, often sold as a supplement on its own, is an ideal source of alpha-Linolenic acid, which can also be found in walnuts and pumpkin seeds. Meal replacement products (MRPs) are either pre-packaged powdered drink mixes or edible bars designed to replace prepared meals. MRPs are generally high in protein, low in fat, have a low to moderate amount of carbohydrates, and contain a wide array of vitamins and minerals. The majority of MRPs use whey protein, casein (often listed as calcium caseinate or micellar casein), soy protein, and/or egg albumin as protein sources. Carbohydrates are typically derived from maltodextrin, oat fiber, brown rice, and/or wheat flour. Some MRPs also contain flax oil powder as a source of essential fatty acids. A whey protein isolate(WPI) (often whey isolate) is a dietary supplement created by filtering milk protein. Whey is a by-product of the cheese-making process. Whey can be processed to yield whey protein in three forms: whey isolate, whey concentrate, or whey hydrolysate. Whey proteins are highly bioavailable人体易吸收的 ( bioavailability 人体吸收度 the extent to which a drug or other substance is taken up by a specific tissue or organ after administration; the proportion of the dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation intact after administration by a route other than intravenous. Also called systemic availability. In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%. However, when a medication is administered via other routes (such as orally), its bioavailability generallyTH decreases (due to incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism) or may vary from patient to patient. Bioavailability is one of the essential tools in pharmacokinetics, as bioavailability must be considered when calculating dosages计算剂量 for non-intravenous routes of administration. For dietary supplements, herbs and other nutrients in which the route of administration is nearly always oral, bioavailability generally designates simply the quantity or fraction of the ingested dose that is absorbed. ), are very quickly absorbed into the body, and have a high concentration of branched-chain amino acids 支链氨基酸 (BCAAs) which are highly concentrated in muscle tissue, and are used to fuel working muscles and stimulate protein synthesis. The difference between the whey protein forms is the process used to filter the proteins. Whey isolates yield a higher percentage of pure protein and can be filtered enough to be virtually lactose free, carbohydrate free, fat free, and cholesterol free. Whey protein is popular among athletes today because of its ability to be digested very rapidly 快速被消化 and help return the post-workout body back from a catabolic (muscle-wasting) state to an anabolic (muscle-building) state. Because of their filtration methods, whey isolates tend to be less allergenic than concentrates and other bovine milk or dairy products. Testosterone [tɛ'stostə,rəun] 睾丸激素 boosters: There are several naturally occurring plants, amino acids, and vitamins, as well as synthetic chemicals that are sold as supplements to increase testosterone levels. Some commonly taken supplements of this type are Fenugreek, Eurycoma longifolia, D-Aspartic acid, Boron, L-Carnitine and Tribulus terrestris. Creatine肌肉素, 肌氨酸( ['kri:ə,ti:n] = creatin ['kri:ətin]) is an organic acid naturally occurring in the body that supplies energy to muscle cells for short bursts of energy (as required in lifting weights) via creatine phosphate replenishment of ATP. A number of scientific studies have shown that creatine can improve strength, energy, muscle mass, and recovery times. In addition, recent studies have also shown that creatine improves brain function. and reduces mental fatigue. Unlike steroids or other performance-enhancing drugs, creatine can be found naturally in many common foods such as herring, tuna, salmon, and beef. Shaker Bottle commonly used to mix supplements. Has mesh inside to avoid lumps大块 in the mixture. Digestive issues: Some people experience severe digestive issues following consumption of whey protein powder. These may include gas, bloating(肿. bloat n. I. A swelling of the rumen or intestinal tract of cattle and domestic animals that is caused by excessive gas formation following fermentation of ingested watery legumes or green forage. II. An excess or surfeit, as of employees, expenses, or procedures: corporate bloat. v. To become swollen or inflated), cramps, tiredness, weakness, fatigue, headaches, and irritability. One of the possible causes is lactose intolerance after they ingest whey concentrate. Undigested protein in the colon will undergo bacterial fermentation which leads to the production of, among other things, gas and fatty acids. Whey protein and muscle building: The effects of whey protein supplementation on muscle growth in response to resistance training are debatable. One study demonstrated some increase in lean body mass and strength in men supplementing whey protein vs. no supplementation, while another study found greater increases in strength in a group supplementing whey compared to another group supplementing casein, which could be evidence of whey protein's superior amino acid profile. However, other research exists that show little to no benefit of whey protein supplementation. The authors of one study concluded that "young adults who supplement with protein during a structured resistance training program experience minimal beneficial effects in lean tissue mass and strength,", although it did not control for other sources of protein in the participant's diets. The timing of protein supplement ingestion may not have any significant effects on strength, power, or body-composition. A study of elderly men found supplementation with whey protein after exercise improved muscle protein synthesis. Alternative medicine is any of a wide range of health care practices, products and therapies, using methods of medical diagnosis and treatments which, at least up to the end of the twentieth century, were typically not included in the degree courses of established medical schools teaching medicine, including surgery, in the tradition of the Flexner Report or similar. Examples include homeopathy, Ayurveda, chiropractic and acupuncture. Complementary medicine is alternative medicine used together with conventional medical treatment in a belief, not proven by using scientific methods, that it "complements" the treatment. CAM is the abbreviation for Complementary and alternative medicine. Integrative medicine (or integrative health) is the combination of the practices and methods of alternative medicine with evidence-based medicine. The term alternative medicine is used in information issued by public bodies in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Regulation and licensing of alternative medicine and health care providers varies from country to country, and state to state. 其他文章: Well, I am sorry to say that those people are just plain wrong. They either do not understand the literature, have a poor sense of critical application, or just want to make an impact by taking a stand. Whichever it may be, these people have misled you. And I can assure you that their path is nothing but a downward spiral to minimal results. ...But, here is the kicker隐含条款, 不利因素(US and Canadian slang a hidden and disadvantageous factor, such as a clause in a contract. A sudden, surprising turn of events or ending; a twist. A tricky or concealed condition; a pitfall: "The kicker is that the relationship of guide and seeker gets all mixed up with a confusing male-female attachment". ). That is not a bad thing! This, too, is a good thing. Casein dramatically slows the rate of protein breakdown. Remember, muscle growth is dependent on the balance of protein synthesis and breakdown肌肉分解和合成. So as we can see here, relying on one or the other, and debating which is superior is futile in the hopes to gain the most benefits from them. To tip the scale in your favor, you need to increase protein synthesis and slow down muscle breakdown. You would be a fool to write one off.
万能钥匙, 万金油, 万全之策: 1. A skeleton key (master key) (also known as a passing key) is either a key that has been altered in such a way as to bypass the wards placed inside a warded lock, or a card that contains information necessary to open locks for a certain area like a hotel etc., or an American term for a lever or "bit" type(一个长棍, 仅在头儿处有一个突起. 那种老钥匙. ) key. The term derives from the fact that the key has been reduced to its essential parts. The term "skeleton key", in a more general sense, is also sometimes used in reference to key or similar object capable of opening any lock regardless of make or type. The term refers to the skeletal structure which can bypass all locks. The term is also often misapplied to refer to any antique key. A skeleton key is one that has been filed or cut so that it can be used to unlock a variety of warded locks each with a different configuration of wards. This can usually be done by removing most of the centre of the key, allowing it to pass by the wards without interference, unlocking or locking the lock. To counteract this, wards can be placed not just in the center but on the outside as well, making attempts at creating a successful skeleton key harder. 2. A warded lock (also called a ward lock) is a type of lock that uses a set of obstructions, or wards, to prevent the lock from opening unless the correct key is inserted. The correct key has notches or slots corresponding to the obstructions in the lock, allowing it to rotate freely inside the lock. Large warded locks are still in use today in the UK and Ireland for internal and external doors. Warded locks in America are commonly used in inexpensive padlocks(Padlocks are detachable locking devices used to protect against unauthorized use, vandalism, and theft. They are designed to protect against some degree of surreptitious and forced entry.), cabinet locks, and other low-security applications, since a well-designed skeleton key can successfully open a wide variety of warded locks. 3. panacea [,pænə'siə] = cure all 万金油. 万能钥匙, 万全之策( A great personality is the cure-all 王道, 万金油 when it comes to dealing with people. ) A remedy for all diseases, evils, or difficulties; a cure-all. The panacea [pænə'si:ə], named after the Greek goddess of Universal remedy, Panacea, also known as panchrest, was supposed to be a remedy that would cure all diseases and prolong life indefinitely. It was sought by the alchemists as a connection to the elixir of life and the philosopher's stone 点石成金, 金手指, a mythical substance which would enable the transmutation of common metals into gold点石成金. A panacea (or panaceum) is also a literary term to represent any solution to solve all problems related to a particular issue. 4. The philosopher's stone 长生不老药 is a legendary alchemical substance said to be capable of turning base metals (lead, for example) into gold 点石成金术 (chrysopoeia) or silver. It was also sometimes believed to be an elixir of life, useful for rejuvenation and possibly for achieving immortality. For many centuries, it was the most sought-after goal in Western alchemy( ['ælkəmi] 炼金术. Her beauty had a potent alchemy. alchemical adj. ). The philosopher's stone was the central symbol of the mystical terminology of alchemy, symbolizing perfection at its finest, enlightenment, and heavenly bliss. Efforts to discover the philosopher's stone were known as the Magnum Opus. 5. The elixir [i'liksər] of life 青春常驻药, 永葆青春药, also known as elixir of immortality and sometimes equated with the philosopher's stone, is a legendary/mythical potion, or drink, that when drank from a certain cup, at a certain time, grants the drinker eternal life and/or eternal youth. Many alchemist pursued it. The elixir of life was also said to be able to create life. 6. Snake oil 来路不明的药, 效果未知的药 is an expression that originally referred to fraudulent health products or unproven medicine but has come to refer to any product with questionable or unverifiable quality or benefit. By extension, a snake oil salesman is someone who knowingly sells fraudulent goods or who is himself or herself a fraud 骗子医生 (医骗 shonk ) ( shonky adj Australian and New Zealand informal I. of dubious integrity or legality. II. unreliable; unsound. ), quack 庸医, 蒙古医生, charlatan, and the like. quack I. a doctor who is not very good, or someone who cheats people by pretending to be a doctor. If you call someone a quack or a quack doctor, you mean that they claim to be skilled in medicine but are not. I went everywhere for treatment, tried all sorts of quacks. Quack remedies or quack cures are medical treatments that you think are unlikely to work because they are not scientific. Why do intelligent people find quack remedies so appealing? II. the sound that a duck makes. Suddenly he heard a quack. witch [wɪtʃ] 女巫师 I. a woman in stories who has magic powers. In fairy stories, a witch is a woman, usually an old woman, who has evil magic powers. Witches often wear a pointed black hat, and have a pet black cat. A man with magic powers is usually called a wizard. a. a real woman who claims that she has magic powers. A witch is someone who claims to have magic powers and to be able to use them for good or bad purposes. II. an insulting word for an unpleasant woman. witch's hat slang term for a traffic cone. witch doctor a man who uses magic powers to try to cure people who are sick. This word is now considered offensive by some people and it is more polite to say traditional healer. warlock (wizard) 男巫师 a man who has magic powers, especially a man who uses these powers to do evil things. A woman who has magic powers is called a witch. A warlock is a male practitioner of witchcraft (typically depicted as devious and untrustworthy in fictional works) (compare wizard, sorcerer). Unlike warlock (a term exclusively applied to boys and men), witch is an umbrella term for any practitioner of witchcraft, regardless of gender. A witch can be male or female because of its broad definition. A warlock is just the gender-specific word for a male witch. sorcerer [ˈsɔrs(ə)rər] In fairy stories, a sorcerer is a person who performs magic by using the power of evil spirits. wizard I. In legends and fairy stories, a wizard is a man who has magic powers. II. If you admire someone because they are very good at doing a particular thing, you can say that they are a wizard. [approval] ...a financial wizard 天才. Accountant John Talbot is a wizard with numbers. III. A wizard is a computer program that guides you through the stages of a particular task. Wizards and templates can help you create brochures, calendars, and Web pages. Witchcraft (or witchery) 巫术 is the practice of magical skills and abilities. Witchcraft is a broad term that varies culturally and societally, and thus can be difficult to define with precision; therefore, cross-cultural assumptions about the meaning or significance of the term should be applied with caution. Historically, and currently in most traditional cultures worldwide - notably in Asia, South America, Africa, the African diaspora, and Indigenous communities - the term is commonly associated with those who use metaphysical means to cause harm to the innocent. In the modern era, primarily in western popular culture, the word may more commonly refer to benign, positive, or neutral practices of modern paganism, such as divination or spellcraft(Magical practices involving the casting of spells 诅咒, 下咒语. An incantation, a spell, a charm, an enchantment or a bewitchery, is a magical formula intended to trigger a magical effect on a person or objects. The formula can be spoken, sung or chanted. An incantation can also be performed during ceremonial rituals or prayers. In the world of magic, incantations are said to be performed by wizards, witches, and fairies.). Belief in witchcraft is often present within societies and groups whose cultural framework includes a magical world view. bewitch [bɪˈwɪtʃ] to control someone's behaviour with magic. The old man was convinced that she had bewitched him. II. to make someone strongly attracted to you or interested in you. a player who bewitches the crowd with his speed and skill. bewitchery 妖术 a bewitching power; charm. incantation [ˌɪnkænˈteɪʃ(ə)n] 咒语 countable words that are repeated together several times because they are thought to have special power. An incantation is a series of words that a person says or sings as a magic spell. ...strange prayers and incantations. voices chanting their mysterious incantation. incantator I. a person who chants or utters incantations. II. an enchanter. decantate [diːˈkænˌteɪt] adj. I. having been repeated or sung again and again. verb. to repeat or sing again and again. divination [ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n] 算命 the practice of finding out about the future by receiving signs from the spirit world. Divination is the art or practice of discovering what will happen in the future using supernatural means. 7. Quackery 江湖郎中, 庸医 is the promotion of unproven or fraudulent medical practices. Random House Dictionary describes a "quack 江湖浪中, 江湖骗子, 江湖医生, 蒙古大夫" as a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, or qualifications he or she does not possess; a charlatan". "Health fraud" is often used as a synonym for quackery, but quackery's salient ( silent 安静寂寞的. salient ['seiliənt] adj 显著的, 明显的. 显眼的. 鲜明的. prominent, conspicuous, or striking a salient feature.) characteristic is aggressive promotion ("quacks quack!") rather than fraud, greed or misinformation. "Pseudo-medicine" is a term for treatments known to be ineffective, regardless of whether their advocates themselves believe in their effectiveness. 8. silver bullet 良药, 一劳永逸的办法 a simple solution to a complicated problem: There was no silver bullet that could have prevented the atrocities. a solution to a complicated problem that seems very simple but is unlikely to work. a simple and immediate remedy for an intractable problem. something that solves a difficult problem very quickly and easily. There is no silver bullet for this problem. Technology is not a silver bullet, and classroom teachers remain the best influence on students. Special hour at the shops not a silver bullet to the panic buying problems. There is no magic bullet 捷径, 特效药 to ( I. 万金油. 包治百病. 完美的解决方案. a medicine designed to cure an illness quickly and completely, without affecting other parts of the body. In medicine, a magic bullet is a drug or treatment that can cure a disease quickly and completely. a medicine or other remedy with advanced or highly specific properties. "there's no magic bullet 特效药, and we should just try to eat as varied and well-balanced a diet as possible". II. a quick and easy solution to a very difficult problem. A lot of people are looking for some sort of magic bullet that will solve this problem.) getting better at listening besides practice," she said. One strategy to hone 磨炼 listening skills is through a simple game of one-word volleyball, where two people build a story by rapidly taking turns to add a word to what the other said immediately before.
Bodybuilding supplement: Bodybuilders often supplement their diets with a powdered form of protein. The powder is mixed with water, milk or juice. Protein powder is generally consumed immediately before and after exercising, or in place of a meal. Some types of protein are to be taken directly before and after a workout (whey protein 乳清蛋白. whey[wei]: The watery part of milk that separates from the curds, as in the process of making cheese.), while others are to be taken before going to bed (casein ['keisiin] protein酪蛋白)(casein: A white, tasteless, odorless protein precipitated from milk by rennin. It is the basis of cheese and is used to make plastics, adhesives, paints, and foods.). The theory behind this supplementation is that bodybuilders, by virtue of their unique training methods and end-goals, require higher-than-average quantities of protein to support maximal muscle growth. Currently, no consensus一致意见, 统一意见 has been reached in determining whether or not an individual in exercise training can benefit from protein and amino acid supplements. Protein supplements come in various forms: ready to drink shakes, bars, bites, oats, gels and powders. Protein powders are available in a variety of flavors有不同口味. Whey protein contains high levels of all the essential amino acids and branched-chain amino acids. It also has the highest content of the amino acid cysteine, which aids in the biosynthesis of glutathione. For bodybuilders whey protein provides amino acids used to aid in muscle recovery肌肉恢复. Whey protein is derived from the process of making cheese from milk. There are three types of whey protein: whey concentrate, whey isolate, and whey hydrolysate. Whey concentrate is 29–89% protein by weight whereas whey isolate is 90%+ protein by weight. Whey hydrolysate is enzymatically predigested and therefore has the shortest rate of digestion of all protein types. Casein protein (or milk protein) has glutamine, and casomorphin. Soy protein from soybeans contain isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogen. Egg-white protein is a lactose- and dairy-free protein. Although it is generally undisputed无争议的 that athletes and bodybuilders need an increased intake of protein, the exact amount is highly individualized各不相同的, 因人而异的 and dependent on the type and duration of the exercise as well as the physiological make up of the individual. Age, gender, and body size may vary this protein intake. Some health experts have criticized protein shakes as being unnecessary for most people that consume them, since most users already get enough protein in the normal varied diet with enough calories. However, there is some evidence to support the idea that protein shakes are superior to whole foods with regards to enhancing muscle hypertrophy in the one hour window在一小时之内 following intensive exercise. Moreover, for athletes who do not have the time to prepare whole food meals on the run or immediately after exercise, a protein shake may be preferred for practical as well as performance reasons. Additionally, some studies suggest low-calorie dieters, vegetarians, haphazard ( Dependent upon or characterized by mere chance. ) eaters and those who train very heavily训练很苦, 训练很重 may benefit significantly from protein supplements. Traditional nutrition theory states that the body can only metabolize新陈代谢 5–9 grams of protein per hour, and that excessive daily intake过量摄入 can cause weight gain, kidney problems, osteoporosis, or diarrhea. However, many bodybuilders report consuming hundreds of grams of protein per day to achieve maximal strength gains, so this nutrition requirement may only apply to the general public一般大众. Taking an overdose过量 of protein can lead to a loss of appetite食欲下降, 食欲丧失, which may be useful for some dieters. Nutritionists claim that osteoporosis骨质疏松症 occurs from excessive protein intake because protein can put pressure on the kidneys and lead to bone loss due to calcium leaching( leach[li:tʃ] I. 过滤 to remove or be removed from a substance by a percolating liquid. II. 侵蚀 to lose or cause to lose soluble substances by the action of a percolating liquid. leach away [for something] to erode or wash away gradually by leaching. The soft sandstone leached away under the constant rains. The flowerpots sat out in the rain, where all the nutrients in the soil leached away. leach in (to something) 渗入, 渗滤, 渗透. [for a substance] to seep or penetrate into something. The salt leached into the soil and ruined it. A tremendous amount of salt leached in. percolate ['pɜ:kə,leit] I. To cause (liquid, for example) to pass through a porous substance or small holes; filter. II. To pass or ooze through: Water percolated the sand. III. To make (coffee) in a percolator. percolate through something [for a liquid] to seep down through something. The water percolated through the coffee grounds too slowly for Fred, who was just dying for a hot cup of the stuff. The water percolated through the subsoil and appeared again at the bottom of the hill. ). However, recent research has cast doubts on these claims说法, and suggests that higher calcium excretion may be due to increased calcium absorption in the intestines due to protein intake. Nutritionists also argue against increased protein consumption because weight gain may occur because, as the body cannot store储存 protein, excess protein will either be burned as energy or stored as fat (if you are already getting the calories you need). However, dietary protein is converted to fat far less efficiently than either carbohydrates [,kɑ:bəu'haidreit] or lipids脂类化合物( lipid = lipide [‘laipid 'lipid] any of a large group of organic compounds that are esters of fatty acids (simple lipids, such as fats and waxes) or closely related substances (compound lipids, such as phospholipids): usually insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents. They are important structural materials in living organisms ), so consuming a calorie excess in protein will result in far less fat gain that would a calorie excess of other macronutrients. Essential fatty acids脂肪酸: The essential fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid) may be especially important to supplement while bodybuilding; these cannot readily be made in the body, but are required for various functions within the body to take place. Fatty fish, such as fresh salmon and trout are rich in essential fatty acids and fish oils can also be taken in supplement form. Flaxseed oil, often sold as a supplement on its own, is an ideal source of alpha-Linolenic acid, which can also be found in walnuts and pumpkin seeds. Meal replacement products (MRPs) are either pre-packaged powdered drink mixes or edible bars designed to replace prepared meals. MRPs are generally high in protein, low in fat, have a low to moderate amount of carbohydrates, and contain a wide array of vitamins and minerals. The majority of MRPs use whey protein, casein (often listed as calcium caseinate or micellar casein), soy protein, and/or egg albumin as protein sources. Carbohydrates are typically derived from maltodextrin, oat fiber, brown rice, and/or wheat flour. Some MRPs also contain flax oil powder as a source of essential fatty acids. A whey protein isolate(WPI) (often whey isolate) is a dietary supplement created by filtering milk protein. Whey is a by-product of the cheese-making process. Whey can be processed to yield whey protein in three forms: whey isolate, whey concentrate, or whey hydrolysate. Whey proteins are highly bioavailable人体易吸收的 ( bioavailability 人体吸收度 the extent to which a drug or other substance is taken up by a specific tissue or organ after administration; the proportion of the dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation intact after administration by a route other than intravenous. Also called systemic availability. In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%. However, when a medication is administered via other routes (such as orally), its bioavailability generallyTH decreases (due to incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism) or may vary from patient to patient. Bioavailability is one of the essential tools in pharmacokinetics, as bioavailability must be considered when calculating dosages计算剂量 for non-intravenous routes of administration. For dietary supplements, herbs and other nutrients in which the route of administration is nearly always oral, bioavailability generally designates simply the quantity or fraction of the ingested dose that is absorbed. ), are very quickly absorbed into the body, and have a high concentration of branched-chain amino acids 支链氨基酸 (BCAAs) which are highly concentrated in muscle tissue, and are used to fuel working muscles and stimulate protein synthesis. The difference between the whey protein forms is the process used to filter the proteins. Whey isolates yield a higher percentage of pure protein and can be filtered enough to be virtually lactose free, carbohydrate free, fat free, and cholesterol free. Whey protein is popular among athletes today because of its ability to be digested very rapidly 快速被消化 and help return the post-workout body back from a catabolic (muscle-wasting) state to an anabolic (muscle-building) state. Because of their filtration methods, whey isolates tend to be less allergenic than concentrates and other bovine milk or dairy products. Testosterone [tɛ'stostə,rəun] 睾丸激素 boosters: There are several naturally occurring plants, amino acids, and vitamins, as well as synthetic chemicals that are sold as supplements to increase testosterone levels. Some commonly taken supplements of this type are Fenugreek, Eurycoma longifolia, D-Aspartic acid, Boron, L-Carnitine and Tribulus terrestris. Creatine肌肉素, 肌氨酸( ['kri:ə,ti:n] = creatin ['kri:ətin]) is an organic acid naturally occurring in the body that supplies energy to muscle cells for short bursts of energy (as required in lifting weights) via creatine phosphate replenishment of ATP. A number of scientific studies have shown that creatine can improve strength, energy, muscle mass, and recovery times. In addition, recent studies have also shown that creatine improves brain function. and reduces mental fatigue. Unlike steroids or other performance-enhancing drugs, creatine can be found naturally in many common foods such as herring, tuna, salmon, and beef. Shaker Bottle commonly used to mix supplements. Has mesh inside to avoid lumps大块 in the mixture. Digestive issues: Some people experience severe digestive issues following consumption of whey protein powder. These may include gas, bloating(肿. bloat n. I. A swelling of the rumen or intestinal tract of cattle and domestic animals that is caused by excessive gas formation following fermentation of ingested watery legumes or green forage. II. An excess or surfeit, as of employees, expenses, or procedures: corporate bloat. v. To become swollen or inflated), cramps, tiredness, weakness, fatigue, headaches, and irritability. One of the possible causes is lactose intolerance after they ingest whey concentrate. Undigested protein in the colon will undergo bacterial fermentation which leads to the production of, among other things, gas and fatty acids. Whey protein and muscle building: The effects of whey protein supplementation on muscle growth in response to resistance training are debatable. One study demonstrated some increase in lean body mass and strength in men supplementing whey protein vs. no supplementation, while another study found greater increases in strength in a group supplementing whey compared to another group supplementing casein, which could be evidence of whey protein's superior amino acid profile. However, other research exists that show little to no benefit of whey protein supplementation. The authors of one study concluded that "young adults who supplement with protein during a structured resistance training program experience minimal beneficial effects in lean tissue mass and strength,", although it did not control for other sources of protein in the participant's diets. The timing of protein supplement ingestion may not have any significant effects on strength, power, or body-composition. A study of elderly men found supplementation with whey protein after exercise improved muscle protein synthesis. Alternative medicine is any of a wide range of health care practices, products and therapies, using methods of medical diagnosis and treatments which, at least up to the end of the twentieth century, were typically not included in the degree courses of established medical schools teaching medicine, including surgery, in the tradition of the Flexner Report or similar. Examples include homeopathy, Ayurveda, chiropractic and acupuncture. Complementary medicine is alternative medicine used together with conventional medical treatment in a belief, not proven by using scientific methods, that it "complements" the treatment. CAM is the abbreviation for Complementary and alternative medicine. Integrative medicine (or integrative health) is the combination of the practices and methods of alternative medicine with evidence-based medicine. The term alternative medicine is used in information issued by public bodies in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Regulation and licensing of alternative medicine and health care providers varies from country to country, and state to state. 其他文章: Well, I am sorry to say that those people are just plain wrong. They either do not understand the literature, have a poor sense of critical application, or just want to make an impact by taking a stand. Whichever it may be, these people have misled you. And I can assure you that their path is nothing but a downward spiral to minimal results. ...But, here is the kicker隐含条款, 不利因素(US and Canadian slang a hidden and disadvantageous factor, such as a clause in a contract. A sudden, surprising turn of events or ending; a twist. A tricky or concealed condition; a pitfall: "The kicker is that the relationship of guide and seeker gets all mixed up with a confusing male-female attachment". ). That is not a bad thing! This, too, is a good thing. Casein dramatically slows the rate of protein breakdown. Remember, muscle growth is dependent on the balance of protein synthesis and breakdown肌肉分解和合成. So as we can see here, relying on one or the other, and debating which is superior is futile in the hopes to gain the most benefits from them. To tip the scale in your favor, you need to increase protein synthesis and slow down muscle breakdown. You would be a fool to write one off.
Monday, 16 March 2020
弱智 retarded, dim-witted, slow-witted, vacuous, dorky; gronk, imbecile, doofus, moron, dork. 笨蛋: bonehead, blockhead
用法学习: 1. underlying [ʌndərlaɪɪŋ] I. The underlying features of an object, event, or situation are not obvious, and it may be difficult to discover or reveal them. To stop a problem you have to understand its underlying causes 深层的. I think that the underlying problem is education, unemployment and bad housing. II. You describe something as underlying when it is below the surface of something else. ...hills with the hard underlying rock poking through the turf. Cars were covered with clear-coat finish to protect the underlying 下边的, 底层的 paint from fading. Older people and those with pre-existing medical conditions are more vulnerable to the virus. A recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that children 10 and under accounted for 占比 just 1 percent of all COVID-19 cases, while those between the ages of 30 to 79 make up nearly 90 percent. The World Health Organization (WHO) found mortality increased with age, with the highest mortality among people over 80 years of age and those with underlying health conditions. 2. saloon [səˈluːn] I. a public place where alcoholic drinks were sold and drunk in the western US in the 19th century. II. (saloon bar = lunge bar.) British English a comfortable room in a pub. a separate comfortable room in a pub where you can buy and drink alcoholic drinks. the smarter and more comfortably furnished bar in a pub. "they sat in a corner of the lounge bar until closing time". III. (also saloon car = [US] sedan) British English a car that has a separate enclosed space for your bags. a four-door family saloon. IV. a large comfortable room where passengers on a ship can sit and relax. Elvis says, "Imitation is the greatest form of flattery = imitation is the sincerest form of flattery," so we were imitating them being funny. horse carriage 马车. A carriage is a wheeled vehicle for people, usually horse-drawn; litters (palanquins) and sedan chairs are excluded, since they are wheelless vehicles. The carriage is especially designed for private passenger use. A public passenger vehicle would not usually be called a carriage – terms for such include stagecoach, charabanc and omnibus but second-hand private carriages were common public transport, the equivalent of modern taxis. It may be light, smart and fast or heavy, large and comfortable or luxurious. horse float 运马车 noun Australian/NZ a vehicle for transporting one or more horses. a vehicle for transporting horses, sometimes pulled by another vehicle. A horse trailer or horse van (also called a horse float in Australia and New Zealand or horsebox in the British Isles) is used to transport horses. There are many different designs, ranging in size from small units capable of holding two or three horses, able to be pulled by a pickup truck or even a SUV; to gooseneck designs that carry six to eight horses, usually pulled by 1-ton dually-style pickups. There are also large semi-trailers that can haul a significant number of animals. In the UK, a horsebox may also refer to a motorised vehicle adapted to carry horses (generally known as a horse van in North America or Australasia), or a railway vehicle specifically designed to carry horses. 3. come-hither [ˈhɪðər] 魅惑的, 勾引的 adj intended to attract someone sexually. alluring; seductive. nymphs with come-hither looks. a come-hither look. nymph [nɪmf] I. literature in ancient Greek and Roman stories, one of the female spirits who live in rivers, mountains, or forests. a. literary a young woman. II. A nymph is the larva, or young form, of an insect such as a dragonfly. nymphomaniac [nɪmfəˈmeɪnɪak] 性上瘾的女孩, 性瘾的女孩, 性成瘾的 adj. a woman with uncontrollable or excessive sexual desire. denoting or characteristic of a woman with uncontrollable or excessive sexual desire. If someone refers to a woman as a nymphomaniac, they mean that she has sex or wants to have sex much more often than they consider normal or acceptable. "his nymphomaniac lover". dither [ˈdɪðər] be indecisive. to be unable to make a decision about something. When someone dithers, they hesitate because they are unable to make a quick decision about something. We're still dithering over whether to marry. If you have been dithering about buying shares, now could be the time to do it. She was dithering about what to wear. The fuse has been lit for a rerun of the global financial crisis and the time for government dithering 犹豫不决 has passed. wiki: Dither 抖动 (音频, 视频处理上的抖动) is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images. Dither is routinely used in processing of both digital audio and video data, and is often one of the last stages of mastering audio to a CD. A common use of dither is converting a greyscale 灰度图 image to black and white, such that the density of black dots in the new image approximates the average grey level in the original. 电子学, 通讯学上的抖动(jitter): In electronics and telecommunications, jitter ( jitters [ˈdʒɪtərz] I. 神经紧张 a nervous upset feeling caused by not knowing what will happen. the jitters: nervousness and anxiety. to be nervous; have the jitters; fidget 坐立不安, 如坐针毡. I always get the jitters 紧张万分, 紧张不已 the morning before an exam. figurative The collapse of the company has caused jitters 紧张情绪 in the financial markets. II. small rapid variations in the amplitude or timing of a waveform arising from fluctuations in the voltage supply, mechanical vibrations, etc. jittery 心神不定的 adj feeling nervous and upset, and sometimes being unable to keep still because of this. If someone is jittery, they feel nervous or are behaving nervously. International investors have become jittery about the country's economy. ) is the deviation from true periodicity of a presumably periodic signal, often in relation to a reference clock signal. In clock recovery applications it is called timing jitter. Jitter is a significant, and usually undesired, factor in the design of almost all communications links. Jitter can be quantified in the same terms as all time-varying signals, e.g., root mean square (RMS), or peak-to-peak displacement. Also like other time-varying signals, jitter can be expressed in terms of spectral density. Jitter period 抖动周期 is the interval between two times of maximum effect (or minimum effect) of a signal characteristic that varies regularly with time. Jitter frequency 抖动频率, the more commonly quoted figure, is its inverse. ITU-T G.810 classifies jitter frequencies below 10 Hz as wander and frequencies at or above 10 Hz as jitter. Jitter may be caused by electromagnetic interference 电磁干扰 and crosstalk with carriers 串线 of other signals. Jitter can cause a display monitor to flicker, affect the performance of processors in personal computers, introduce clicks or other undesired effects in audio signals, and cause loss of transmitted data between network devices. The amount of tolerable jitter depends on the affected application. 4. Big Brother: Housemates have been brought across 被通知 ( get across to make people understand something. He sometimes has trouble getting his meaning across in English. get something across to someone: When an idea gets across or when you get it across, you succeed in making other people understand it. Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers. I had created a way to get my message across while using as few words as possible. What message are you trying to get across to the consumer? get across how/what etc: I was trying to get across how much I admired them. put across = put over to explain an idea, belief etc in a way that is easy to understand. Television can be a useful way of putting across health messages. put yourself across to express your ideas clearly and effectively so that people can see what you are really like. Emily puts herself across very well. ) the current situation and we are in constant contact with the families to keep all involved up to date.
弱智 retarded, dim-witted, slow-witted, mug, drongo, vacuous, fatuous, dorky; gronk, imbecile, doofus, moron, dork. 笨蛋: bonehead, blockhead: You're the mug 傻屌, 傻逼 ( I. American informal a criminal who is violent and often not very clever. II. informal 被骗帮人数钱的傻子. 傻子, 傻瓜. 傻帽. someone who does not realize that they are being tricked or treated badly. Only a mug would pay those prices.) that suffers the consequences. The word drongo 傻帽, 傻屌 is used in Australian English as a mild form of insult meaning "idiot" or "stupid fellow". This usage derives from an Australian racehorse of the same name (apparently after the spangled drongo, Dicrurus bracteatus) in the 1920s that never won despite many places. Since then, the terms "handicapped" (United States) and "disabled" (United Kingdom) have replaced "retard" and "retarded". 1. Intellectual disability (ID), once called mental retardation, is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. People with intellectual disabilities can and do learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly. There are varying degrees of intellectual disability, from mild 轻度的 to profound 重度的. Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ under 70, in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday, general living. 2. imbibe the culture ( [ɪmˈbaɪb] I. [intransitive/transitive] often humorous to drink something. To imbibe alcohol means to drink it. They were used to imbibing enormous quantities of alcohol. No one believes that current nondrinkers should be encouraged to start imbibing. II. 潜移默化的接受了 [transitive] formal if you imbibe ideas, feelings, or qualities, you experience them and are influenced by them. If you imbibe ideas or arguments, you listen to them, accept them, and believe that they are right or true. As a clergyman's son he'd imbibed a set of mystical beliefs from the cradle. imbecile [ US:ˈɪmbəs(ə)l UK:ˈɪmbəˌsaɪl] I. noun If you call someone an imbecile, you are showing that you think they are stupid or have done something stupid. [disapproval] I don't want to deal with these imbeciles any longer. jerk [slang, mainly US, Canadian], tosser [British, slang]. II. adj. Imbecile means stupid. It was an imbecile thing to do. III. In the past, people who had something wrong with their brains that made them seem less intelligent, or different from other people, were sometimes called imbeciles. wiki: The term imbecile was once used by psychiatrists to denote a category of people with moderate to severe intellectual disability, as well as a type of criminal. The word arises from the Latin word imbecillus, meaning weak, or weak-minded. It included people with an IQ of 26–50, between "idiot" (IQ of 0–25) and "moron" (IQ of 51–70). In the obsolete medical classification (ICD-9, 1977), these people were said to have "moderate mental retardation 轻度弱智" or "moderate mental subnormality" with IQ of 35–49. The meaning was further refined into mental and moral imbecility. The concepts of "moral insanity", "moral idiocy"," and "moral imbecility", led to the emerging field of eugenic criminology, which held that crime can be reduced by preventing "feeble-minded" people from reproducing. 3. Sandilands has made no secret of the fact he's not a fan of Morrison and on Monday’s show he aired a montage of some of the not-so-nice things he has said about the PM in the past which included calling him a "gronk" ((Australia, derogatory, informal) An unintelligent person. 弱智. ), "a slob (slob 懒虫, 懒蛋, 懒汉 [informal, disapproval] If you call someone a slob, you mean that they are very lazy and untidy. My boyfriend used to call his brother a fat slob.)", "a pussy", "white and wobbly 摇摇晃晃的", and a "gutless little toad". To be noted for something you do or have means to be well-known and admired for it. ...a television programme noted for its attacks on organised crime. [+ for] Lawyers are not noted for rushing into change. 4. haphazard 无组织无纪律的, 乱哄哄的 [hæphæzərd] adj If you describe something as haphazard, you are critical of it because it is not at all organized or is not arranged according to a plan. [disapproval] The investigation does seem haphazard. He had never seen such a haphazard approach to filmmaking as Roberto's. She looked at the books jammed haphazardly in the shelves. ) and deeply vacuous ( vacuous [vækjuəs] 愚蠢的, 头脑简单的, 胸大无脑的, 弱智的 [disapproval] adj If you describe a person or their comments as vacuous, you are critical of them because they lack intelligent thought or ideas. Models are not always as vacuous as they are made out to be. ...the usual vacuous comments 无知的 by some faceless commentator. completely lacking in intelligence or serious thought. a vacuous TV game show. vacuous minor celebrities. fatuous [ˈfætjuəs] 愚蠢的, 没脑子的, 脑残的 [formal, disapproval] stupid. If you describe a person, action, or remark as fatuous, you think that they are extremely silly, showing a lack of intelligence or thought. The Chief was left speechless by this fatuous remark. vocabulary: Fatuous means lacking intelligence. When your mother outlaws calling your brother stupid, use fatuous instead. Fatuous derives from the Latin fatuus meaning "foolish." It sounds like it should have something to do with being fat, but it actually has no relation to size. Fatuus itself comes from a root that also gave us "debate" and this might be a good way to remember it. You want to debate someone who's fatuous, because they are unintelligent, silly and even a bit conceited, so they probably won't be very persuasive debaters. Just don't call them fatuous to their face. Even if they don't know what it means, it's just not nice! 5. doofus [ˈduːfəs] n. 弱智. 蠢驴. Informal chiefly US a slow-witted or stupid person. An incompetent, foolish, or stupid person. 6. dork [dɔːk] 笨蛋, 弱智儿 I. informal a contemptible, socially inept person. If you say that someone is a dork, you think they dress badly in old-fashioned clothes and behave very awkwardly in social situations. II. [US, informal, disapproval] ...their unshakeable conviction that family holidays were strictly for dorks. dorky [ˈdɔːki] adjective I. informal socially inept or awkward. "he teases all the dorky kids". II. unfashionable. "why would anyone wear such dorky glasses?". Don't worry about it. When you are in that moment, things just fall into place 自然而然就会了, 自然而然就发生了. 6. As the home of the brain, the word "head" is a logical suffix of many words conveying stupidity, such as "blockhead 愚蠢, 蠢人, 蠢猪 bonehead 笨蛋," "dunderhead," "lunkhead," "meathead," and "pinhead," plus the obscure "blunderhead" and "boof-head." ( meathead I. (slang) An ungainly, dull or stupid person; someone who is lazy, disrespectful and/or whose beliefs and philosophies clash with another. II. (slang) A large, muscular, stupid male, especially an athlete. Gary was a hulking meathead who, when he wasn't playing football, was either hunting, fishing or getting drunk and rowdy in some topless bar. blockhead a stupid person. pinhead I. the round part on the end of a pin. A pinhead is the small metal or plastic part on the top of a pin. It may even be possible to make computers the size of a pinhead one day. II.informal an insulting word for someone who is not very intelligent. If you think someone is very stupid, you can say they are a pinhead. [informal, disapproval] ...the pinheads with the money and connections. ) Dunces ( dunce 笨蛋 [dʌns] I. humorous a stupid person. II. offensive someone, especially a child, who has difficulty learning things. If you say that someone is a dunce, you think they are rather stupid because they find it difficult or impossible to learn what someone is trying to teach them. [disapproval] Michael may have been a dunce at mathematics, but he was gifted at languages. ) can be called "dummies," "dum-dums," or, if you prefer Teutonic slurs, "dummkopfs." Beavis and Butthead spread words such as "dumbass" and "buttmunch." If you're witty, you may prefer quaint terms such as "nitwit," "halfwit," and "want-wit," or the more recent but unprintable "[f-word]wit." Old-fashioned words for idiots such as "doddypoll," "dullard," and "skit-brains" are ripe for a revival. dull-witted adj slow to understand; stupid. "a dogged, dull-witted plodder". not clever or intelligent. a worthy but dull-witted student. You were thought of as a bit dull-witted if you didn't have an answer.
flirty (flirty comment/clothes, he is flirty ) VS flirtatious (he is flirtatious): flirty I. If you describe someone as flirty, you mean that they behave towards people in a way which suggests they are sexually attracted to them, usually in a playful or not very serious way. behaving as if you are sexually attracted to someone, although not seriously: flirty comments. a flirty woman. She is amazingly flirty and sensual. She had an appealing flirty smile. II. Flirty clothes are feminine and sexy. The skirts were knee-skimming and flirty. flirtatious [flɜrˈteɪʃəs] behaving in a way that shows your romantic or sexual interest in someone. Someone who is flirtatious behaves towards people in a way which suggest they are sexually attracted to them, usually in a playful or not very serious way. He was dashing, self-confident and flirtatious. clothing and accessories can be "flirty"—"a flirty little top," "a flirty haircut," "flirty lip gloss." This means that that thing helps the person seem flirty. Only a person can be flirtatious.
Big Bang Theory: 1. Leonard: Hey. Sheldon: Oh, good. You're here. I need your assistance. Leonard: Can it wait until I put a Band-Aid on a goat bite? Sheldon: What happened? Penny: Oh, your buddy got mugged ( verb. I. to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewelry, or other possessions. Bank robberies, burglaries and muggings are reported almost daily in the press. I was walking out to my car when this guy tried to mug me. He has been mugged more than once. They were mugged just in front of their house. II. intransitive informal to put silly expressions on your face, especially when you are performing on stage or being photographed. As he entered the court, he mugged 做鬼脸 for the television cameras. noun. I. If you say that someone is a mug, you mean that they are stupid and easily deceived by other people. [British, informal, disapproval] He's a mug as far as women are concerned. I feel such a mug for signing the agreement. II. Someone's mug is their face. He managed to get his ugly mug on TV. III. A mug is a large deep cup with straight sides and a handle, used for hot drinks. He spooned instant coffee into two of the mugs. A mug of something is the amount of it contained in a mug. He had been drinking mugs of coffee to keep himself awake. mug up If you mug up a subject or mug up on it, you study it quickly, so that you can remember the main facts about it. [British, informal] ...visitors who want to mug up their knowledge in the shortest possible time. It is advisable to mug up on your Spanish 掌握一点, 学点基础西班牙语, too, as few locals speak English. brush up (on) sth 提高语言能力, 重拾技能 to improve your knowledge of something already learned but partly forgotten: I thought I'd brush up (on) my French before going to Paris. mug's game 不值得 If you say that an activity is a mug's game, you mean that it is not worth doing because it does not give the person who is doing it any benefit or satisfaction. [British, informal, disapproval] I used to be a very heavy gambler, but not any more. It's a mug's game. Dieting is a mug's game. ) by some baby farm animals. Sheldon: Been there. Penny: Mmm. So what do you need help with? Sheldon: Amy's mad at me, and I'm not clear why. Penny: Okay. Were you talking before she got upset? Sheldon: Yes. Penny: That's probably it. What'd you say to her? Sheldon: Well, I just asked her if I should start watching the new Flash TV series. Penny: And that made her angry? Sheldon: Baffling, right? We were necking like a couple of hooligans under the school bleachers ( Bleachers, or stands 看台, are raised, tiered rows of benches found at sports fields and other spectator events. Stairways provide access to the horizontal rows of seats, often with every other step gaining access to a row of benches. ). I stopped so I could ask the question. Next thing I know, good-bye, kissy face. Hello, yelly face. Penny: Well, Sheldon, when you're kissing a girl, she expects the attention to be on her. Sheldon: It was. I asked her if she thought I should watch The Flash. Penny: Yeah. I'm tapping out ( tap out I. American to use all the money that someone or something has available. How can we buy a new house without tapping out our savings account? II. to create a particular pattern of sounds by hitting a surface gently with your fingers. If you tap out a rhythm, a code, or a number, you indicate it by hitting a surface or a machine such as a telephone. Dermot joined her, his eyes on the dance floor, his fingers tapping out a rhythm on the table. I picked up the phone immediately and tapped out the number Julie had jotted down for me. a. to use your fingers to do something such as call a telephone number or write something using a computer keyboard. I could hear him tapping out another job application. III. American to make you feel very tired. We were tapped out after a long day of skiing. ). Leonard? Leonard: I'm gonna guess that your main concern is the time commitment of watching an entire season of a new show. Sheldon: Oh, no, not just a season. If I'm in, I'm in for the whole run, even if the quality declines. Leonard: I get it. Smallville almost wrecked 摧毁 you. Sheldon: Yeah. Exactly. You know, I waited ten years to see a guy everyone knows can fly, fly. Penny: Wait, what is wrong with you two? He was talking about television during their date night. Sheldon: Oh, not just date night, our fifth anniversary. Penny: Okay, see, that's even dumber than you wondering if being bitten by a goat would give you the powers of a goat. Sheldon: If that happens, don't make me wait ten years to watch you eat a tin can. 3. Bernadette: Did you eat all my yoghurt? Howard: You mean the one that makes ladies do the thing that ladies pretend they don't do even though they do? Bernadette: You know which yoghurt I mean. Howard: I didn't touch it. Must have been Stuart. Bernadette: Maybe Raj is right. Maybe it's time we tell him he needs to move out. Howard: We should have done it months ago. Bernadette: I know, but his store was reopening, and then there were the holidays, and then he was sick. Howard: Yeah, right. Sick. He didn't have jaundice 黄疸 ( [ˈdʒɔndɪs] an illness affecting the liver that makes the skin and the white part of the eyes become yellow. ). He just looks like that. Bernadette: All right. Tonight's the night. Howard: Agreed. When he gets home, I'm dropping the hammer ( drop the hammer: Bringing a pending act to fruition. Usually connotates an act which will have serious consequences. Also used in reference to quickly increasing speed in a car by manipulating a manual transmission gear shift (the hammer). Usage: Did you hear that Congress just dropped the hammer on the new budget cutting 15,000 jobs? Bonnie dropped the hammer on the get away car narrowly avoiding Kansas state troopers and agents from the newly formed FBI.). Bernadette: Ooh, I like [it] 口语里it可以省略 when you take charge. Howard: Oh, I'm not taking charge, you're the hammer.
弱智 retarded, dim-witted, slow-witted, mug, drongo, vacuous, fatuous, dorky; gronk, imbecile, doofus, moron, dork. 笨蛋: bonehead, blockhead: You're the mug 傻屌, 傻逼 ( I. American informal a criminal who is violent and often not very clever. II. informal 被骗帮人数钱的傻子. 傻子, 傻瓜. 傻帽. someone who does not realize that they are being tricked or treated badly. Only a mug would pay those prices.) that suffers the consequences. The word drongo 傻帽, 傻屌 is used in Australian English as a mild form of insult meaning "idiot" or "stupid fellow". This usage derives from an Australian racehorse of the same name (apparently after the spangled drongo, Dicrurus bracteatus) in the 1920s that never won despite many places. Since then, the terms "handicapped" (United States) and "disabled" (United Kingdom) have replaced "retard" and "retarded". 1. Intellectual disability (ID), once called mental retardation, is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. People with intellectual disabilities can and do learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly. There are varying degrees of intellectual disability, from mild 轻度的 to profound 重度的. Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ under 70, in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday, general living. 2. imbibe the culture ( [ɪmˈbaɪb] I. [intransitive/transitive] often humorous to drink something. To imbibe alcohol means to drink it. They were used to imbibing enormous quantities of alcohol. No one believes that current nondrinkers should be encouraged to start imbibing. II. 潜移默化的接受了 [transitive] formal if you imbibe ideas, feelings, or qualities, you experience them and are influenced by them. If you imbibe ideas or arguments, you listen to them, accept them, and believe that they are right or true. As a clergyman's son he'd imbibed a set of mystical beliefs from the cradle. imbecile [ US:ˈɪmbəs(ə)l UK:ˈɪmbəˌsaɪl] I. noun If you call someone an imbecile, you are showing that you think they are stupid or have done something stupid. [disapproval] I don't want to deal with these imbeciles any longer. jerk [slang, mainly US, Canadian], tosser [British, slang]. II. adj. Imbecile means stupid. It was an imbecile thing to do. III. In the past, people who had something wrong with their brains that made them seem less intelligent, or different from other people, were sometimes called imbeciles. wiki: The term imbecile was once used by psychiatrists to denote a category of people with moderate to severe intellectual disability, as well as a type of criminal. The word arises from the Latin word imbecillus, meaning weak, or weak-minded. It included people with an IQ of 26–50, between "idiot" (IQ of 0–25) and "moron" (IQ of 51–70). In the obsolete medical classification (ICD-9, 1977), these people were said to have "moderate mental retardation 轻度弱智" or "moderate mental subnormality" with IQ of 35–49. The meaning was further refined into mental and moral imbecility. The concepts of "moral insanity", "moral idiocy"," and "moral imbecility", led to the emerging field of eugenic criminology, which held that crime can be reduced by preventing "feeble-minded" people from reproducing. 3. Sandilands has made no secret of the fact he's not a fan of Morrison and on Monday’s show he aired a montage of some of the not-so-nice things he has said about the PM in the past which included calling him a "gronk" ((Australia, derogatory, informal) An unintelligent person. 弱智. ), "a slob (slob 懒虫, 懒蛋, 懒汉 [informal, disapproval] If you call someone a slob, you mean that they are very lazy and untidy. My boyfriend used to call his brother a fat slob.)", "a pussy", "white and wobbly 摇摇晃晃的", and a "gutless little toad". To be noted for something you do or have means to be well-known and admired for it. ...a television programme noted for its attacks on organised crime. [+ for] Lawyers are not noted for rushing into change. 4. haphazard 无组织无纪律的, 乱哄哄的 [hæphæzərd] adj If you describe something as haphazard, you are critical of it because it is not at all organized or is not arranged according to a plan. [disapproval] The investigation does seem haphazard. He had never seen such a haphazard approach to filmmaking as Roberto's. She looked at the books jammed haphazardly in the shelves. ) and deeply vacuous ( vacuous [vækjuəs] 愚蠢的, 头脑简单的, 胸大无脑的, 弱智的 [disapproval] adj If you describe a person or their comments as vacuous, you are critical of them because they lack intelligent thought or ideas. Models are not always as vacuous as they are made out to be. ...the usual vacuous comments 无知的 by some faceless commentator. completely lacking in intelligence or serious thought. a vacuous TV game show. vacuous minor celebrities. fatuous [ˈfætjuəs] 愚蠢的, 没脑子的, 脑残的 [formal, disapproval] stupid. If you describe a person, action, or remark as fatuous, you think that they are extremely silly, showing a lack of intelligence or thought. The Chief was left speechless by this fatuous remark. vocabulary: Fatuous means lacking intelligence. When your mother outlaws calling your brother stupid, use fatuous instead. Fatuous derives from the Latin fatuus meaning "foolish." It sounds like it should have something to do with being fat, but it actually has no relation to size. Fatuus itself comes from a root that also gave us "debate" and this might be a good way to remember it. You want to debate someone who's fatuous, because they are unintelligent, silly and even a bit conceited, so they probably won't be very persuasive debaters. Just don't call them fatuous to their face. Even if they don't know what it means, it's just not nice! 5. doofus [ˈduːfəs] n. 弱智. 蠢驴. Informal chiefly US a slow-witted or stupid person. An incompetent, foolish, or stupid person. 6. dork [dɔːk] 笨蛋, 弱智儿 I. informal a contemptible, socially inept person. If you say that someone is a dork, you think they dress badly in old-fashioned clothes and behave very awkwardly in social situations. II. [US, informal, disapproval] ...their unshakeable conviction that family holidays were strictly for dorks. dorky [ˈdɔːki] adjective I. informal socially inept or awkward. "he teases all the dorky kids". II. unfashionable. "why would anyone wear such dorky glasses?". Don't worry about it. When you are in that moment, things just fall into place 自然而然就会了, 自然而然就发生了. 6. As the home of the brain, the word "head" is a logical suffix of many words conveying stupidity, such as "blockhead 愚蠢, 蠢人, 蠢猪 bonehead 笨蛋," "dunderhead," "lunkhead," "meathead," and "pinhead," plus the obscure "blunderhead" and "boof-head." ( meathead I. (slang) An ungainly, dull or stupid person; someone who is lazy, disrespectful and/or whose beliefs and philosophies clash with another. II. (slang) A large, muscular, stupid male, especially an athlete. Gary was a hulking meathead who, when he wasn't playing football, was either hunting, fishing or getting drunk and rowdy in some topless bar. blockhead a stupid person. pinhead I. the round part on the end of a pin. A pinhead is the small metal or plastic part on the top of a pin. It may even be possible to make computers the size of a pinhead one day. II.informal an insulting word for someone who is not very intelligent. If you think someone is very stupid, you can say they are a pinhead. [informal, disapproval] ...the pinheads with the money and connections. ) Dunces ( dunce 笨蛋 [dʌns] I. humorous a stupid person. II. offensive someone, especially a child, who has difficulty learning things. If you say that someone is a dunce, you think they are rather stupid because they find it difficult or impossible to learn what someone is trying to teach them. [disapproval] Michael may have been a dunce at mathematics, but he was gifted at languages. ) can be called "dummies," "dum-dums," or, if you prefer Teutonic slurs, "dummkopfs." Beavis and Butthead spread words such as "dumbass" and "buttmunch." If you're witty, you may prefer quaint terms such as "nitwit," "halfwit," and "want-wit," or the more recent but unprintable "[f-word]wit." Old-fashioned words for idiots such as "doddypoll," "dullard," and "skit-brains" are ripe for a revival. dull-witted adj slow to understand; stupid. "a dogged, dull-witted plodder". not clever or intelligent. a worthy but dull-witted student. You were thought of as a bit dull-witted if you didn't have an answer.
flirty (flirty comment/clothes, he is flirty ) VS flirtatious (he is flirtatious): flirty I. If you describe someone as flirty, you mean that they behave towards people in a way which suggests they are sexually attracted to them, usually in a playful or not very serious way. behaving as if you are sexually attracted to someone, although not seriously: flirty comments. a flirty woman. She is amazingly flirty and sensual. She had an appealing flirty smile. II. Flirty clothes are feminine and sexy. The skirts were knee-skimming and flirty. flirtatious [flɜrˈteɪʃəs] behaving in a way that shows your romantic or sexual interest in someone. Someone who is flirtatious behaves towards people in a way which suggest they are sexually attracted to them, usually in a playful or not very serious way. He was dashing, self-confident and flirtatious. clothing and accessories can be "flirty"—"a flirty little top," "a flirty haircut," "flirty lip gloss." This means that that thing helps the person seem flirty. Only a person can be flirtatious.
Big Bang Theory: 1. Leonard: Hey. Sheldon: Oh, good. You're here. I need your assistance. Leonard: Can it wait until I put a Band-Aid on a goat bite? Sheldon: What happened? Penny: Oh, your buddy got mugged ( verb. I. to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewelry, or other possessions. Bank robberies, burglaries and muggings are reported almost daily in the press. I was walking out to my car when this guy tried to mug me. He has been mugged more than once. They were mugged just in front of their house. II. intransitive informal to put silly expressions on your face, especially when you are performing on stage or being photographed. As he entered the court, he mugged 做鬼脸 for the television cameras. noun. I. If you say that someone is a mug, you mean that they are stupid and easily deceived by other people. [British, informal, disapproval] He's a mug as far as women are concerned. I feel such a mug for signing the agreement. II. Someone's mug is their face. He managed to get his ugly mug on TV. III. A mug is a large deep cup with straight sides and a handle, used for hot drinks. He spooned instant coffee into two of the mugs. A mug of something is the amount of it contained in a mug. He had been drinking mugs of coffee to keep himself awake. mug up If you mug up a subject or mug up on it, you study it quickly, so that you can remember the main facts about it. [British, informal] ...visitors who want to mug up their knowledge in the shortest possible time. It is advisable to mug up on your Spanish 掌握一点, 学点基础西班牙语, too, as few locals speak English. brush up (on) sth 提高语言能力, 重拾技能 to improve your knowledge of something already learned but partly forgotten: I thought I'd brush up (on) my French before going to Paris. mug's game 不值得 If you say that an activity is a mug's game, you mean that it is not worth doing because it does not give the person who is doing it any benefit or satisfaction. [British, informal, disapproval] I used to be a very heavy gambler, but not any more. It's a mug's game. Dieting is a mug's game. ) by some baby farm animals. Sheldon: Been there. Penny: Mmm. So what do you need help with? Sheldon: Amy's mad at me, and I'm not clear why. Penny: Okay. Were you talking before she got upset? Sheldon: Yes. Penny: That's probably it. What'd you say to her? Sheldon: Well, I just asked her if I should start watching the new Flash TV series. Penny: And that made her angry? Sheldon: Baffling, right? We were necking like a couple of hooligans under the school bleachers ( Bleachers, or stands 看台, are raised, tiered rows of benches found at sports fields and other spectator events. Stairways provide access to the horizontal rows of seats, often with every other step gaining access to a row of benches. ). I stopped so I could ask the question. Next thing I know, good-bye, kissy face. Hello, yelly face. Penny: Well, Sheldon, when you're kissing a girl, she expects the attention to be on her. Sheldon: It was. I asked her if she thought I should watch The Flash. Penny: Yeah. I'm tapping out ( tap out I. American to use all the money that someone or something has available. How can we buy a new house without tapping out our savings account? II. to create a particular pattern of sounds by hitting a surface gently with your fingers. If you tap out a rhythm, a code, or a number, you indicate it by hitting a surface or a machine such as a telephone. Dermot joined her, his eyes on the dance floor, his fingers tapping out a rhythm on the table. I picked up the phone immediately and tapped out the number Julie had jotted down for me. a. to use your fingers to do something such as call a telephone number or write something using a computer keyboard. I could hear him tapping out another job application. III. American to make you feel very tired. We were tapped out after a long day of skiing. ). Leonard? Leonard: I'm gonna guess that your main concern is the time commitment of watching an entire season of a new show. Sheldon: Oh, no, not just a season. If I'm in, I'm in for the whole run, even if the quality declines. Leonard: I get it. Smallville almost wrecked 摧毁 you. Sheldon: Yeah. Exactly. You know, I waited ten years to see a guy everyone knows can fly, fly. Penny: Wait, what is wrong with you two? He was talking about television during their date night. Sheldon: Oh, not just date night, our fifth anniversary. Penny: Okay, see, that's even dumber than you wondering if being bitten by a goat would give you the powers of a goat. Sheldon: If that happens, don't make me wait ten years to watch you eat a tin can. 3. Bernadette: Did you eat all my yoghurt? Howard: You mean the one that makes ladies do the thing that ladies pretend they don't do even though they do? Bernadette: You know which yoghurt I mean. Howard: I didn't touch it. Must have been Stuart. Bernadette: Maybe Raj is right. Maybe it's time we tell him he needs to move out. Howard: We should have done it months ago. Bernadette: I know, but his store was reopening, and then there were the holidays, and then he was sick. Howard: Yeah, right. Sick. He didn't have jaundice 黄疸 ( [ˈdʒɔndɪs] an illness affecting the liver that makes the skin and the white part of the eyes become yellow. ). He just looks like that. Bernadette: All right. Tonight's the night. Howard: Agreed. When he gets home, I'm dropping the hammer ( drop the hammer: Bringing a pending act to fruition. Usually connotates an act which will have serious consequences. Also used in reference to quickly increasing speed in a car by manipulating a manual transmission gear shift (the hammer). Usage: Did you hear that Congress just dropped the hammer on the new budget cutting 15,000 jobs? Bonnie dropped the hammer on the get away car narrowly avoiding Kansas state troopers and agents from the newly formed FBI.). Bernadette: Ooh, I like [it] 口语里it可以省略 when you take charge. Howard: Oh, I'm not taking charge, you're the hammer.
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