用法学习: 1. underlying [ʌndərlaɪɪŋ] I. The underlying features of an object, event, or situation are not obvious, and it may be difficult to discover or reveal them. To stop a problem you have to understand its underlying causes 深层的. I think that the underlying problem is education, unemployment and bad housing. II. You describe something as underlying when it is below the surface of something else. ...hills with the hard underlying rock poking through the turf. Cars were covered with clear-coat finish to protect the underlying 下边的, 底层的 paint from fading. Older people and those with pre-existing medical conditions are more vulnerable to the virus. A recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that children 10 and under accounted for 占比 just 1 percent of all COVID-19 cases, while those between the ages of 30 to 79 make up nearly 90 percent. The World Health Organization (WHO) found mortality increased with age, with the highest mortality among people over 80 years of age and those with underlying health conditions. 2. saloon [səˈluːn] I. a public place where alcoholic drinks were sold and drunk in the western US in the 19th century. II. (saloon bar = lunge bar.) British English a comfortable room in a pub. a separate comfortable room in a pub where you can buy and drink alcoholic drinks. the smarter and more comfortably furnished bar in a pub. "they sat in a corner of the lounge bar until closing time". III. (also saloon car = [US] sedan) British English a car that has a separate enclosed space for your bags. a four-door family saloon. IV. a large comfortable room where passengers on a ship can sit and relax. Elvis says, "Imitation is the greatest form of flattery = imitation is the sincerest form of flattery," so we were imitating them being funny. horse carriage 马车. A carriage is a wheeled vehicle for people, usually horse-drawn; litters (palanquins) and sedan chairs are excluded, since they are wheelless vehicles. The carriage is especially designed for private passenger use. A public passenger vehicle would not usually be called a carriage – terms for such include stagecoach, charabanc and omnibus but second-hand private carriages were common public transport, the equivalent of modern taxis. It may be light, smart and fast or heavy, large and comfortable or luxurious. horse float 运马车 noun Australian/NZ a vehicle for transporting one or more horses. a vehicle for transporting horses, sometimes pulled by another vehicle. A horse trailer or horse van (also called a horse float in Australia and New Zealand or horsebox in the British Isles) is used to transport horses. There are many different designs, ranging in size from small units capable of holding two or three horses, able to be pulled by a pickup truck or even a SUV; to gooseneck designs that carry six to eight horses, usually pulled by 1-ton dually-style pickups. There are also large semi-trailers that can haul a significant number of animals. In the UK, a horsebox may also refer to a motorised vehicle adapted to carry horses (generally known as a horse van in North America or Australasia), or a railway vehicle specifically designed to carry horses. 3. come-hither [ˈhɪðər] 魅惑的, 勾引的 adj intended to attract someone sexually. alluring; seductive. nymphs with come-hither looks. a come-hither look. nymph [nɪmf] I. literature in ancient Greek and Roman stories, one of the female spirits who live in rivers, mountains, or forests. a. literary a young woman. II. A nymph is the larva, or young form, of an insect such as a dragonfly. nymphomaniac [nɪmfəˈmeɪnɪak] 性上瘾的女孩, 性瘾的女孩, 性成瘾的 adj. a woman with uncontrollable or excessive sexual desire. denoting or characteristic of a woman with uncontrollable or excessive sexual desire. If someone refers to a woman as a nymphomaniac, they mean that she has sex or wants to have sex much more often than they consider normal or acceptable. "his nymphomaniac lover". dither [ˈdɪðər] be indecisive. to be unable to make a decision about something. When someone dithers, they hesitate because they are unable to make a quick decision about something. We're still dithering over whether to marry. If you have been dithering about buying shares, now could be the time to do it. She was dithering about what to wear. The fuse has been lit for a rerun of the global financial crisis and the time for government dithering 犹豫不决 has passed. wiki: Dither 抖动 (音频, 视频处理上的抖动) is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images. Dither is routinely used in processing of both digital audio and video data, and is often one of the last stages of mastering audio to a CD. A common use of dither is converting a greyscale 灰度图 image to black and white, such that the density of black dots in the new image approximates the average grey level in the original. 电子学, 通讯学上的抖动(jitter): In electronics and telecommunications, jitter ( jitters [ˈdʒɪtərz] I. 神经紧张 a nervous upset feeling caused by not knowing what will happen. the jitters: nervousness and anxiety. to be nervous; have the jitters; fidget 坐立不安, 如坐针毡. I always get the jitters 紧张万分, 紧张不已 the morning before an exam. figurative The collapse of the company has caused jitters 紧张情绪 in the financial markets. II. small rapid variations in the amplitude or timing of a waveform arising from fluctuations in the voltage supply, mechanical vibrations, etc. jittery 心神不定的 adj feeling nervous and upset, and sometimes being unable to keep still because of this. If someone is jittery, they feel nervous or are behaving nervously. International investors have become jittery about the country's economy. ) is the deviation from true periodicity of a presumably periodic signal, often in relation to a reference clock signal. In clock recovery applications it is called timing jitter. Jitter is a significant, and usually undesired, factor in the design of almost all communications links. Jitter can be quantified in the same terms as all time-varying signals, e.g., root mean square (RMS), or peak-to-peak displacement. Also like other time-varying signals, jitter can be expressed in terms of spectral density. Jitter period 抖动周期 is the interval between two times of maximum effect (or minimum effect) of a signal characteristic that varies regularly with time. Jitter frequency 抖动频率, the more commonly quoted figure, is its inverse. ITU-T G.810 classifies jitter frequencies below 10 Hz as wander and frequencies at or above 10 Hz as jitter. Jitter may be caused by electromagnetic interference 电磁干扰 and crosstalk with carriers 串线 of other signals. Jitter can cause a display monitor to flicker, affect the performance of processors in personal computers, introduce clicks or other undesired effects in audio signals, and cause loss of transmitted data between network devices. The amount of tolerable jitter depends on the affected application. 4. Big Brother: Housemates have been brought across 被通知 ( get across to make people understand something. He sometimes has trouble getting his meaning across in English. get something across to someone: When an idea gets across or when you get it across, you succeed in making other people understand it. Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers. I had created a way to get my message across while using as few words as possible. What message are you trying to get across to the consumer? get across how/what etc: I was trying to get across how much I admired them. put across = put over to explain an idea, belief etc in a way that is easy to understand. Television can be a useful way of putting across health messages. put yourself across to express your ideas clearly and effectively so that people can see what you are really like. Emily puts herself across very well. ) the current situation and we are in constant contact with the families to keep all involved up to date.
弱智 retarded, dim-witted, slow-witted, mug, drongo, vacuous, fatuous, dorky; gronk, imbecile, doofus, moron, dork. 笨蛋: bonehead, blockhead: You're the mug 傻屌, 傻逼 ( I. American informal a criminal who is violent and often not very clever. II. informal 被骗帮人数钱的傻子. 傻子, 傻瓜. 傻帽. someone who does not realize that they are being tricked or treated badly. Only a mug would pay those prices.) that suffers the consequences. The word drongo 傻帽, 傻屌 is used in Australian English as a mild form of insult meaning "idiot" or "stupid fellow".
This usage derives from an Australian racehorse of the same name
(apparently after the spangled drongo, Dicrurus bracteatus) in the 1920s
that never won despite many places. Since then, the terms "handicapped" (United States) and "disabled" (United Kingdom) have replaced "retard" and "retarded". 1. Intellectual disability (ID), once called mental retardation, is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. People with intellectual disabilities can and do learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly. There are varying degrees of intellectual disability, from mild 轻度的 to profound 重度的. Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ under 70, in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday, general living. 2. imbibe the culture ( [ɪmˈbaɪb] I. [intransitive/transitive] often humorous to drink something. To imbibe alcohol means to drink it. They
were used to imbibing enormous quantities of alcohol. No one believes
that current nondrinkers should be encouraged to start imbibing. II. 潜移默化的接受了 [transitive] formal
if you imbibe ideas, feelings, or qualities, you experience them and
are influenced by them. If you imbibe ideas or arguments, you listen to
them, accept them, and believe that they are right or true. As a clergyman's son he'd imbibed a set of mystical beliefs from the cradle. imbecile [ US:ˈɪmbəs(ə)l UK:ˈɪmbəˌsaɪl] I. noun If you call someone an imbecile, you are showing that you think they are stupid or have done something stupid. [disapproval] I don't want to deal with these imbeciles any longer. jerk [slang, mainly US, Canadian], tosser [British, slang]. II. adj. Imbecile means stupid. It was an imbecile thing to do.
III. In the past, people who had something wrong with their brains that
made them seem less intelligent, or different from other people, were
sometimes called imbeciles. wiki: The term imbecile was once used by
psychiatrists to denote a category of people with moderate to severe
intellectual disability, as well as a type of criminal. The word arises
from the Latin word imbecillus, meaning weak, or weak-minded. It
included people with an IQ of 26–50, between "idiot" (IQ of 0–25) and
"moron" (IQ of 51–70). In the obsolete medical classification (ICD-9,
1977), these people were said to have "moderate mental retardation 轻度弱智" or "moderate mental subnormality" with IQ of 35–49. The meaning was further refined into mental and moral imbecility. The concepts of "moral insanity", "moral idiocy"," and "moral imbecility", led to the emerging field of eugenic criminology, which held that crime can be reduced by preventing "feeble-minded" people from reproducing. 3. Sandilands has made no secret of the fact he's not a fan of Morrison and
on Monday’s show he aired a montage of some of the not-so-nice things
he has said about the PM in the past which included calling him a "gronk" ((Australia, derogatory, informal) An unintelligent person. 弱智. ), "a slob (slob 懒虫, 懒蛋, 懒汉 [informal, disapproval] If you call someone a slob, you mean that they are very lazy and untidy. My boyfriend used to call his brother a fat slob.)", "a pussy", "white and wobbly 摇摇晃晃的", and a "gutless little toad". To be noted for something you do or have means to be well-known and admired for it. ...a television programme noted for its attacks on organised crime. [+ for] Lawyers are not noted for rushing into change. 4. haphazard 无组织无纪律的, 乱哄哄的
[hæphæzərd] adj If you describe something as haphazard, you are
critical of it because it is not at all organized or is not arranged
according to a plan. [disapproval] The investigation does seem haphazard. He had never seen such a haphazard approach to filmmaking as Roberto's. She looked at the books jammed haphazardly in the shelves. ) and deeply vacuous ( vacuous [vækjuəs] 愚蠢的, 头脑简单的, 胸大无脑的, 弱智的 [disapproval] adj If you describe a person or their comments as vacuous, you are critical of them because they lack intelligent thought or ideas. Models are not always as vacuous as they are made out to be. ...the usual vacuous comments 无知的 by some faceless commentator. completely lacking in intelligence or serious thought. a vacuous TV game show. vacuous minor celebrities. fatuous [ˈfætjuəs] 愚蠢的, 没脑子的, 脑残的 [formal, disapproval]
stupid. If you describe a person, action, or remark as fatuous, you
think that they are extremely silly, showing a lack of intelligence or
thought. The Chief was left speechless by this fatuous remark. vocabulary: Fatuous means lacking intelligence. When your mother outlaws calling your brother stupid, use fatuous instead.
Fatuous derives from the Latin fatuus meaning "foolish." It sounds like
it should have something to do with being fat, but it actually has no
relation to size. Fatuus itself comes from a root that also gave us
"debate" and this might be a good way to remember it. You
want to debate someone who's fatuous, because they are unintelligent,
silly and even a bit conceited, so they probably won't be very
persuasive debaters. Just don't call them fatuous to their face. Even if they don't know what it means, it's just not nice! 5. doofus [ˈduːfəs] n. 弱智. 蠢驴. Informal chiefly US a slow-witted or stupid person. An incompetent, foolish, or stupid person. 6. dork [dɔːk] 笨蛋, 弱智儿 I. informal a contemptible, socially inept person. If
you say that someone is a dork, you think they dress badly in
old-fashioned clothes and behave very awkwardly in social situations. II. [US, informal, disapproval] ...their unshakeable conviction that family holidays were strictly for dorks. dorky [ˈdɔːki] adjective I. informal socially inept or awkward. "he teases all the dorky kids". II. unfashionable. "why would anyone wear such dorky glasses?". Don't worry about it. When you are in that moment, things just fall into place 自然而然就会了, 自然而然就发生了. 6. As the home of the brain, the word "head" is a logical suffix of many words conveying stupidity, such as "blockhead 愚蠢, 蠢人, 蠢猪 bonehead 笨蛋," "dunderhead," "lunkhead," "meathead," and "pinhead," plus the obscure "blunderhead" and "boof-head." ( meathead I. (slang) An ungainly, dull or stupid person; someone who is lazy, disrespectful and/or whose beliefs and philosophies clash with another. II. (slang) A large, muscular, stupid male, especially an athlete. Gary was a hulking meathead who, when he wasn't playing football, was either hunting, fishing or getting drunk and rowdy in some topless bar. blockhead a stupid person. pinhead I. the round part on the end of a pin. A pinhead is the small metal or plastic part on the top of a pin. It may even be possible to make computers the size of a pinhead one day. II.informal an insulting word for someone who is not very intelligent. If you think someone is very stupid, you can say they are a pinhead. [informal, disapproval] ...the pinheads with the money and connections. ) Dunces ( dunce 笨蛋 [dʌns] I. humorous a stupid person. II. offensive someone, especially a child, who has difficulty learning things. If you say that someone is a dunce, you think they are rather stupid because they find it difficult or impossible to learn what someone is trying to teach them. [disapproval] Michael may have been a dunce at mathematics, but he was gifted at languages. ) can be called "dummies," "dum-dums," or, if you prefer Teutonic slurs, "dummkopfs." Beavis and Butthead spread words such as "dumbass" and "buttmunch." If you're witty, you may prefer quaint terms such as "nitwit," "halfwit," and "want-wit," or the more recent but unprintable "[f-word]wit." Old-fashioned words for idiots such as "doddypoll," "dullard," and "skit-brains" are ripe for a revival. dull-witted adj slow to understand; stupid. "a dogged, dull-witted plodder". not clever or intelligent. a worthy but dull-witted student. You were thought of as a bit dull-witted if you didn't have an answer.
flirty (flirty comment/clothes, he is flirty ) VS flirtatious (he is flirtatious): flirty I. If you describe someone as flirty, you mean that they behave towards people in a way which suggests they are sexually attracted to them, usually in a playful or not very serious way. behaving as if you are sexually attracted to someone, although not seriously: flirty comments. a flirty woman. She is amazingly flirty and sensual. She had an appealing flirty smile. II. Flirty clothes are feminine and sexy. The skirts were knee-skimming and flirty. flirtatious [flɜrˈteɪʃəs] behaving in a way that shows your romantic or sexual interest in someone. Someone who is flirtatious behaves towards people in a way which suggest they are sexually attracted to them, usually in a playful or not very serious way. He was dashing, self-confident and flirtatious. clothing and accessories can be "flirty"—"a flirty little top," "a flirty haircut," "flirty lip gloss." This means that that thing helps the person seem flirty. Only a person can be flirtatious.
Big Bang Theory: 1. Leonard: Hey. Sheldon: Oh, good. You're here. I need your assistance. Leonard: Can it wait until I put a Band-Aid on a goat bite? Sheldon: What happened? Penny: Oh, your buddy got mugged ( verb. I. to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewelry, or other possessions. Bank robberies, burglaries and muggings are reported almost daily in the press. I was walking out to my car when this guy tried to mug me. He has been mugged more than once. They were mugged just in front of their house. II. intransitive informal to put silly expressions on your face, especially when you are performing on stage or being photographed. As he entered the court, he mugged 做鬼脸 for the television cameras. noun. I. If you say that someone is a mug, you mean that they are stupid and easily deceived by other people. [British, informal, disapproval] He's a mug as far as women are concerned. I feel such a mug for signing the agreement. II. Someone's mug is their face. He managed to get his ugly mug on TV. III. A mug is a large deep cup with straight sides and a handle, used for hot drinks. He spooned instant coffee into two of the mugs. A mug of something is the amount of it contained in a mug. He had been drinking mugs of coffee to keep himself awake. mug up If you mug up a subject or mug up on it, you study it quickly, so that you can remember the main facts about it. [British, informal] ...visitors who want to mug up their knowledge in the shortest possible time. It is advisable to mug up on your Spanish 掌握一点, 学点基础西班牙语, too, as few locals speak English. brush up (on) sth 提高语言能力, 重拾技能 to improve your knowledge of something already learned but partly forgotten: I thought I'd brush up (on) my French before going to Paris. mug's game 不值得 If you say that an activity is a mug's game, you mean that it is not worth doing because it does not give the person who is doing it any benefit or satisfaction. [British, informal, disapproval] I used to be a very heavy gambler, but not any more. It's a mug's game. Dieting is a mug's game. ) by some baby farm animals. Sheldon: Been there. Penny: Mmm. So what do you need help with? Sheldon: Amy's mad at me, and I'm not clear why. Penny: Okay. Were you talking before she got upset? Sheldon: Yes. Penny: That's probably it. What'd you say to her? Sheldon: Well, I just asked her if I should start watching the new Flash TV series. Penny: And that made her angry? Sheldon: Baffling, right? We were necking like a couple of hooligans under the school bleachers ( Bleachers, or stands 看台, are raised, tiered rows of benches found at sports fields and other spectator events. Stairways provide access to the horizontal rows of seats, often with every other step gaining access to a row of benches. ). I stopped so I could ask the question. Next thing I know, good-bye, kissy face. Hello, yelly face. Penny: Well, Sheldon, when you're kissing a girl, she expects the attention to be on her. Sheldon: It was. I asked her if she thought I should watch The Flash. Penny: Yeah. I'm tapping out ( tap out I. American to use all the money that someone or something has available. How can we buy a new house without tapping out our savings account? II. to create a particular pattern of sounds by hitting a surface gently with your fingers. If you tap out a rhythm, a code, or a number, you indicate it by hitting a surface or a machine such as a telephone. Dermot joined her, his eyes on the dance floor, his fingers tapping out a rhythm on the table. I picked up the phone immediately and tapped out the number Julie had jotted down for me. a. to use your fingers to do something such as call a telephone number or write something using a computer keyboard. I could hear him tapping out another job application. III. American to make you feel very tired. We were tapped out after a long day of skiing. ). Leonard? Leonard: I'm gonna guess that your main concern is the time commitment of watching an entire season of a new show. Sheldon: Oh, no, not just a season. If I'm in, I'm in for the whole run, even if the quality declines. Leonard: I get it. Smallville almost wrecked 摧毁 you. Sheldon: Yeah. Exactly. You know, I waited ten years to see a guy everyone knows can fly, fly. Penny: Wait, what is wrong with you two? He was talking about television during their date night. Sheldon: Oh, not just date night, our fifth anniversary. Penny: Okay, see, that's even dumber than you wondering if being bitten by a goat would give you the powers of a goat. Sheldon: If that happens, don't make me wait ten years to watch you eat a tin can. 3. Bernadette: Did you eat all my yoghurt? Howard: You mean the one that makes ladies do the thing that ladies pretend they don't do even though they do? Bernadette: You know which yoghurt I mean. Howard: I didn't touch it. Must have been Stuart. Bernadette: Maybe Raj is right. Maybe it's time we tell him he needs to move out. Howard: We should have done it months ago. Bernadette: I know, but his store was reopening, and then there were the holidays, and then he was sick. Howard: Yeah, right. Sick. He didn't have jaundice 黄疸 ( [ˈdʒɔndɪs] an illness affecting the liver that makes the skin and the white part of the eyes become yellow. ). He just looks like that. Bernadette: All right. Tonight's the night. Howard: Agreed. When he gets home, I'm dropping the hammer ( drop the hammer: Bringing a pending act to fruition. Usually connotates an act which will have serious consequences. Also used in reference to quickly increasing speed in a car by manipulating a manual transmission gear shift (the hammer). Usage: Did you hear that Congress just dropped the hammer on the new budget cutting 15,000 jobs? Bonnie dropped the hammer on the get away car narrowly avoiding Kansas state troopers and agents from the newly formed FBI.). Bernadette: Ooh, I like [it] 口语里it可以省略 when you take charge. Howard: Oh, I'm not taking charge, you're the hammer.
