用法学习: 1. Nordic or Scandinavian countries: Sweden is one of the world's best places for seeing the northern lights 北极光 ( An aurora (复数: auroras or aurorae), sometimes referred to as polar lights, northern lights (aurora borealis), or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in the high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). ). You'll need to plan ahead if you want a chance at catching this awe-inspiring phenomenon. Created by Finnish author, Tove Jansen, the Moomins are omnipresent 无所不在的, 到处都是的 ( able to be everywhere at the same time. Something that is omnipresent is present everywhere or seems to be always present. The sound of sirens was an omnipresent background noise in New York. The obsessive thoughts became so omnipresent that her memory was affected. ubiquitous [juˈbɪkwɪtəs] adj If you describe something or someone as ubiquitous, you mean that they seem to be everywhere. Their HQ comprises miles of lunch rooms with their ubiquitous coffee machines. Sugar is ubiquitous in the diet. The company's logo has become ubiquitous all over the world. She is one of the wealthiest, most ubiquitous media personalities around. pervasive [pərˈveɪsɪv] 贯穿的 adj Something, especially something bad, that is pervasive is present or felt throughout a place or thing. ...the pervasive influence of the army in national life. She lives with a pervasive sense of guilt. ...the pervasiveness of computer technology. spreading through the whole of something and becoming a very obvious feature of it. a pervasive farmyard smell. the pervasive influence of Christianity in the Middle Ages. prevalent [ˈprevələnt] 常见的 very common in a particular place or among a particular group. This negative attitude is surprisingly prevalent 非常常见的 among young boys. the prevalent diseases in Western society. A condition, practice, or belief that is prevalent is common. This condition is more prevalent 常见的 in women than in men. The prevalent view 一般认为, 一般观点是 is that interest rates will fall. ...the prevalence of asthma in Britain and western Europe. prevailing [prɪˈveɪlɪŋ] I. existing at a particular time or in a particular place. The prevailing market conditions are not favorable to small investors. a. prevailing attitudes or types of behavior are the ones that are most common or have most influence. prevailing attitudes toward education. the prevailing culture of anti-intellectualism. The prevailing wind in an area is the type of wind that blows over that area most of the time. The direction of the prevailing winds should be taken into account.) in Finland, with their own theme park, museum, statues, shop – and even a chain of cafés. In winter, you can enjoy the archetypal 标准的 [ɑrkəˈtaɪp(ə)l] (typical) ( very typical of a particular type of person or thing. In his dark suit, he looked like the archetypal businessman. Someone or something that is archetypal has all the most important characteristics of a particular kind of person or thing and is a perfect example of it. Cricket is the archetypal English game. archetype [ˈɑrkəˌtaɪp] a very typical example of a particular type of person or thing. archetype of 标准的, 典型的: He was the archetype of a scientist. An archetype is something that is considered to be a perfect or typical example of a particular kind of person or thing, because it has all their most important characteristics. Bristling with vigour, he is the archetype 标准的, 典型的 of the modern, global chief executive. epitome [ɪˈpɪtəmi] 典范 ( epiphany [ɪˈpɪfəni] a moment when you suddenly realize or understand something important. ) the epitome of: the best possible example of a particular type of person or thing. She was the epitome of fashionable elegance. If you say that a person or thing is the epitome of something, you are emphasizing that they are the best possible example of a particular type of person or thing. Maureen was the epitome of sophistication. be the soul of something 最佳典型 to be the perfect example of a particular quality. She's the soul of discretion. soul I. The soul of a nation or a political movement is its basic nature and beliefs. ...a struggle for the soul of the Republican Party. II. You can refer to someone as a particular kind of soul when you are describing their character or condition. He's a jolly soul. III. You use soul in negative statements like not a soul to mean nobody at all. I've never harmed a soul in my life.There was not a soul there. to bare one's soul If you bare your soul, you tell someone your most secret thoughts and feelings. sell one's soul If you talk about someone selling their soul in order to get something, you are criticizing them for abandoning their principles. ...a man who would sell his soul for political viability. to keep/hold body and soul together If you keep body and soul together, you have enough money to provide what you need to live. He at first kept body and soul together by selling cartoons to the humorous papers. the life and soul of the party someone who is energetic and funny and at the centre of activity during social occasions. emblematic [ˌembləˈmætɪk] generally accepted as being a symbol of a quality,
idea, or principle. a. If something, such as an object in a picture, is emblematic of a particular quality or an idea, it symbolically represents the quality or idea. Dogs are emblematic of faithfulness. In some works, flowers take on a powerful emblematic quality. II. If you say that something is emblematic of 广泛代表性, 具有代表性的 a state of affairs, you mean that it is characteristic of it and represents its most typical features. Mr Dwyer, who lost his casual job at a cafe, is emblematic of the cash crisis facing Australians. The killing in Pensacola is emblematic of a lot of the violence that is happening around the world. emblem [ˈembləm]
I. a design or object that is a symbol of something such as a country
or organization. II. something that is generally accepted as a symbol of
a quality, idea, or principle. a dove, the emblem of peace 和平的象征. incarnate adj. [ɪnˈkɑrnət] adj (usually immediately postpositive) I. 化身. possessing bodily form, esp the human form: They looked at me as though I was the devil incarnate 恶魔化身. a devil incarnate. an incarnate spirit. a villain who is evil incarnate邪恶化身. II. personified or typified: stupidity incarnate.
III. (Botany) (esp of plant parts) flesh-coloured or pink. vb (tr) I.
to give a bodily or concrete form to. II. to be representative or
typical of. III. To realize in action or fact; actualize. a community that incarnates its founders' ideals. incarnation [ˌɪnkɑrˈneɪʃ(ə)n] I. the form or character that a person or thing takes at a particular time. In its previous incarnation as a sushi bar, the restaurant wasn't particularly popular.
An incarnation is an instance of being alive on Earth in a particular
form. Some religions believe that people have several incarnations in
different forms. She began recalling a series of previous incarnations 前世, 前生. His industry and persistence suggest that he was an ant in a previous incarnation. II. singular a person or thing that is an extremely strong example of a particular quality. If you say that
someone is the incarnation of a particular quality, you mean that they
represent that quality or are typical of it in an extreme form. The regime was the very incarnation of evil. She is a perfect incarnation of glamour. The Greeks saw these tribes as the incarnation of evil. be a study in something to show a particular emotion or quality by your appearance. His face was a study in dejection. to be a perfect example of something His face was a study in fear. dejected [dɪˈdʒektəd] 让人气馁的. 生无可恋的 to have a depressing effect on; dispirit; dishearten. someone who is dejected has lost all their hope or enthusiasm, especially because they have failed at something. They sat in silence, looking tired and dejected. despondent 放弃希望的 气馁的, 绝望的 adj [dɪˈspɑndənt] very unhappy because you do not believe that an unpleasant situation will improve. If you are despondent, you are very unhappy because you have been experiencing difficulties that you think you will not be able to overcome. I feel despondent when my work is rejected. Despondently, I went back and told Bill the news. a quick study 快刀手, 学习快手 someone who learns new things quickly. dishearten to weaken or destroy the hope, courage, enthusiasm, etc, of. making you less confident or enthusiastic. But when Ronnie opened up the sandwich, he was disheartened to find there were just two small slices of tomato which had been placed in the centre of the sandwich. Said a third: "Bloody daylight robbery 白日抢劫 and false advertising I reckon. When you look at it side on, it should indicate filling! $7 is a rip off!" ) snowy landscapes, skiing and polar nights (极夜)( The polar night occurs in the northernmost and southernmost regions of the Earth when the night lasts for more than 24 hours. This occurs only inside the polar circles 极圈. The opposite phenomenon, the polar day 极昼, or midnight sun, occurs when the Sun stays above the horizon for more than 24 hours. "Night" is understood as the center of the Sun being below a free horizon. Since the atmosphere bends the rays of the Sun, the polar day is longer than the polar night, and the area that is affected by polar night is somewhat smaller than the area of midnight sun. The polar circle is located at a latitude between these two areas, at the latitude of approximately 66.5 degrees. In the northernmost city of Sweden, Kiruna, at 67°51'N, the polar night lasts for around 28 twenty-four-hour periods, while the midnight sun lasts around 50 twenty-four-hour periods. While it is day in the Arctic Circle, it is night in the Antarctic Circle, and vice versa. ) (at least in Sweden, Norway and Finland). On the other hand summer brings the joys of lake swimming, hiking and the eerie midnight sun. Apart from Denmark, all of the Scandi countries have land within the Arctic Circle and experience extreme variations in length of day and night – from 24 hours of daylight in summer (the midnight sun) to 24 hours of darkness in winter (the polar night). 2. menace [ˈmenəs] I. countable someone or something that is dangerous and likely to cause harm. If you say that someone or something is a menace to other people or things, you mean that person or thing is likely to cause serious harm. In my view you are a menace to the public. ...the menace of fascism. the growing menace of global pollution. menace to: The escaped prisoners are considered a menace to society. II. countable someone or something that annoys or threatens you. You can refer to someone or something as a menace when you want to say that they cause you trouble or annoyance. You're a menace to my privacy, Kenworthy. As I have said earlier in this book, bad shoes are a menace. The traffic menace grew, and the town began to suffer. III. uncountable a threatening quality or feeling. Menace is a quality or atmosphere that gives you the feeling that you are in danger or that someone wants to harm you. There is a pervading sense of menace. ...a voice full of menace. an air of menace in his voice. verb. to threaten someone or something. farmland menaced by frequent floods. If you say that one thing menaces another, you mean that the first thing is likely to cause the second thing serious harm. The European states retained a latent capability to menace Britain's own security. If you are menaced by someone, they threaten to harm you. She's being menaced by her sister's latest boyfriend. with menaces 用威胁的手段, 要挟 If someone commits the crime of demanding money with menaces, they threaten to cause harm unless they are given the money. He denies demanding money with menaces. malice [ˈmælɪs] 恶意, 伤人意图 a strong feeling of wanting to hurt someone or be unkind to them. Malice is behaviour that is intended to harm people or their reputations, or cause them embarrassment and upset. There was a strong current of malice in many of his portraits. There was no malice on his part. I say this without malice. He has no malice towards Kevin. transferred malice transferred intent. malice aforethought 意图 I. the predetermination to do an unlawful act, esp to kill or seriously injure. II. the intent with which an unlawful killing is effected, which must be proved for the crime to constitute murder. 3. 抢购潮: Elizabeth also posted a photo from Woolworths' Northlands store in Victoria, showing how staff had been forced to put up a barricade while they unpacked fresh toilet paper stock, so they weren't accosted ( accost 拦住, 拦截住 to stop someone and speak to them, especially in a way that could annoy them or make them feel embarrassed Wherever he goes he is accosted by young people asking for his autograph. to stop someone in their tracks = to stop dead in your tracks stop in tracks = to stop dead in your tracks 骤然停止 (accost 拦住, 截住某人) If someone or something stops you in your tracks, or if you stop dead in your tracks, you suddenly stop moving because you are very surprised, impressed, or frightened. This magnificent church cannot fail to stop you in your tracks. They stopped in their tracks and stared at him in amazement. The thought almost stopped me dead in my tracks. Francis felt he would like to stop this conversation in its tracks. U.S. manufacturers may find the export boom stopping dead in its tracks.) by shoppers. The more images of stockpiling that emerged on social media, the more panicky buying that ensued. The result: The household staple 日常主要用品 has been consistently out of stock, whether at big box stores, at bodegas or on Amazon. Major retailers say toilet paper hasn't been out of stock in stores for more than a day or two, or even a few hours. Manufacturers, paper industry executives say, are raising production 提高产量 to meet demand, but there is only so much capacity 产能 that they can or are willing to add. But toilet paper is typically made to order( especially made according to a customer's specifications. "one-off items, made to order". designed specifically to fulfil a particular set of requirements. "a formalism seemingly made to order for the problem at hand". ). Because it takes up so much room, storing large quantities is not profitable, so the industry typically has only a few months of inventory on hand. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan: In New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that when a publication involves a public figure, to support a suit for libel ( [ˈlaɪb(ə)l] 诽谤 the illegal act of writing things about someone that are not true. ) the plaintiff bears the burden of proving that the publisher acted with actual malice: knew of the inaccuracy of the statement or acted with reckless disregard of its truth. 4. antihistamine 抗过敏药, 抗过敏剂 [ˌæntɪˈhɪstəˌmin] a drug used to treat an allergy (=a bad reaction to something you swallow or touch). to make good time If you say that you made good time on a journey, you mean it did not take you very long compared to the length of time you expected it to take. They had left early in the morning, on quiet roads, and made good time.
Friends: 1. Phoebe, Chandler, Monica and Joey are sitting down and Ross is pacing up and down. Ross: Unbelievable. She says goodbye to everyone but me. Monica: Well, maybe she thought that with all of your history it could be, you know, implicit ( [ɪmˈplɪsɪt] I. 不明说的, 暗示的, 暗含的. 不言而喻的. not stated directly, but expressed in the way that someone behaves, or understood from what they are saying. His suggestions may be seen as an implicit criticism of government policy. implicit in: This assumption is often implicit in the way a person addresses a woman. Something that is implicit is expressed in an indirect way. This is seen as an implicit warning not to continue with military action. The specific reference to the latter phenomenon was only implicit in the text. The jury implicitly criticised the government by their verdict. II. without any doubts or questions. If you say that someone has an implicit belief or faith in something, you mean that they have complete faith in it and no doubts at all. He had implicit faith in the noble intentions of the Emperor. I trust him implicitly. an implicit belief in the goodness of people. implicit faith/obedience. III. If a quality or element is implicit in something, it is involved in it or is shown by it. ...the delays implicit in formal council meetings. Try and learn from the lessons implicit in the failure of your marriage. ). Ross: Well, it needs to be plicit. Joey: All right, let's think about this. I mean, there's got to be an explanation. Uh... did you do anything to make her mad? Ross: No, I don't think so. Phoebe: You know, maybe she was just really spent 累坏了 from our talk. It was pretty intense. Monica: Yeah. Mine too. Chandler: Mine was a humdinger( an exciting or excellent example of something. If you describe someone or something as a humdinger, you mean that they are very impressive, exciting, or enjoyable. It should be a humdinger of a match. His latest novel is a humdinger. ). 2. [Scene: Guest room. Joey has his head wrapped in bubbled wrap and Chandler is punching him. Ross enters the room.] Ross: What are you guys doing? Joey: Try it, I can't feel a thing! (Ross starts punching him too). Monica (enters the room): Are, are you kidding? This is packing? Chandler: We're taking a break! Monica: From? Chandler: Jumping on the bed? Monica: All right, Rachel's party is in a couple of hours and there's a lot to do. Now, Ross, you got Geller blood, you're in charge of these yahoos! Ross: You got it! (Monica leaves, Ross closes the door). All right, she's right, we gotta get serious. (He grabs a bag of styrofoam peanuts(It is often used in food containers, coffee cups, and as cushioning material in packaging. The trademarked term is used generically although it is a different material from the extruded polystyrene used for Styrofoam insulation. Styrofoam is a trademarked brand of closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), commonly called "Blue Board" manufactured as foam continuous building insulation board used in walls, roofs, and foundations as thermal insulation and water barrier.)) Let's put styrofoam peanuts down his pants and kick him! Chandler: No, no, no, guys. She's right. We should get to work. I'll take stuff out of the closet, Joey you pack 'em and Ross you re-pack whatever Joey packs. (Joey takes the bubble wrap off his head). Joey: You guys hear a ringing? Chandler: (holding a pair of furry handcuffs) What the hell is this? Joey: Hey! Handcuffs! And fur line, nice! I didn't know you guys had it in ya! Ross: Chandler, you don't have a sister so you can't understand how much this bums me out( make someone feel annoyed, upset, or disappointed. "I was assigned the day shift, which bummed me out". ). Chandler: I didn't know Monica had these! Joey: Mhm, maybe she used them with another boyfriend. Maybe Richard! Chandler: Why would she use them with Richard and not me? I can be kinky! I once did a naked dance for her... with scarves! Ross: Bumming hard, guys, bumming hard. 3. Phoebe: Hey. Everything ok? Joey: I'm just mad at my agent. Phoebe: Estelle? Why? Joey: There's a part in a TV movie that I would be perfect for and I didn't even be put up for it 没有争取( put someone up to something 逼迫, 逼着 to encourage someone to do something, esp. something wrong: She never stole anything before – maybe her friends put her up to it. to encourage someone to do something stupid or dangerous. 'Did Shirley put you up to this?' 'No, it was my own idea.' put (one) up for (something) To offer, nominate, or put one forward for a position, job, or other consideration. The CEO put his daughter up for the position of company president. I was surprised to learn that my manager was putting me up for the promotion. to nominate or offer someone for some office or task. I put Henry up for club president. We put up Shannon for treasurer. )! She'd better have a good reason. Phoebe: I'm guessing she does. Joey: Well (taking his cell phone out of a pocket) I'm wanna hear it, because she keeps doing this. Phoebe: Well, no, no, wait, wait, wait. All right, I gotta go. Just listen. Promise me, that you will wait a minute before you call her. Joey: Ok. Why? Phoebe: Because a promise between friends means never having to give a reason. Joey: I love that saying! 4. [Scene: Monica and Chandler's apartment. The others are still there.] Monica: I hope Ross isn't too upset. Joey: I'm sure he's not more bummed out than I am. Phoebe: Tell me about it. Chandler: Well, you can't say we don't know how to throw a party. Phoebe: All right, I think I'm gonna head out. Monica: Uh, where do you think you're going? Phoebe: I thought I was going home to go to bed, but I'm sensing there's something less fun for me to do here. Monica: We're moving in a couple of days and we've got a lot of packing to do. It would be great if you guys could pitch in 一起帮忙, 参与进来. Chandler: Joey and I can finish up in the guest room. Joey: Oh, yeah, yeah, good idea. (he mimes hitting his head with his fist). Monica: Oh no! You and Phoebe are gonna help me in here. Chandler: (to Joey) You couldn't be cool. (he goes to the guest bedroom). Monica: Okay, we're gonna start in the kitchen. Plates get put into plate protectors and stacked ten to a box. The silverware gets bundled in 绑在一起 rubber bands and then bubble wrapped. Got it? Phoebe and Joey: Yeah. Monica: Good! Now I need you to be careful and efficient. And remember, if I am harsh with you, it is only because you are doing it wrong. Chandler: Hey Mon, I think I figured out whose handcuffs they are. Monica: You did? How?
face mask 口罩 VS facial mask 面膜: 1. A facial 面膜 is a family of skin care treatments for the face, including steam, exfoliation, extraction, creams, lotions, facial masks, peels, and massage. They are normally performed in beauty salons, but are also a common spa treatment. They are used for general skin health as well as for specific skin conditions. There are different kinds of masks (e.g. cactus, cucumber, etc.) for different purposes: deep-cleansing, by penetrating the pores; healing acne scars or hyper-pigmentation; brightening, for a gradual illumination of the skin tone. Some masks are designed to dry or solidify on the face, almost like plaster; others just remain wet. The perceived effects of a facial mask treatment include revitalizing, healing, or refreshing; and, may yield temporary benefits (depending on environmental, dietary, and other skincare factors). There is little to no objective evidence that there are any long-term benefits to the various available facial treatments. 2. A surgical mask, also known as a procedure mask, medical mask or simply as a face mask, is intended to be worn by health professionals during surgery and during nursing to catch the bacteria shed in liquid droplets and aerosols from the wearer's mouth and nose. They are not designed to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne bacteria or virus particles and are less effective than respirators, such as N95 or FFP masks, which provide better protection due to their material, shape and tight seal. Surgical masks are popularly worn by the general public all year round in East Asian countries like China, Japan and South Korea to reduce the chance of spreading airborne diseases and to prevent the breathing in of airborne dust particles created by air pollution.
anecdote VS folklore VS legend VS myth: anecdote [ˈænəkˌdoʊt] 奇闻轶事, 趣闻 a story that you tell people about something interesting or funny that has happened to you. An anecdote is a short, amusing account of something that has happened. Pete was telling them an anecdote about their mother. He has a talent for recollection and anecdote. Joe kept us entertained with anecdotes about his friends. II. Anecdotes are individual accounts of something that are not reliable evidence. The image of the fox as a pest is grossly exaggerated in anecdote and folklore. folklore [ˈfoʊkˌlɔr] 民间传说, 民间故事 traditional stories, sayings, and beliefs from a particular region or community. Folklore is the traditional stories, customs, and habits of a particular community or nation. In Chinese folklore the bat is an emblem of good fortune. legend I. countable 传奇故事. an old story about famous people and events in the past. Legends are not usually true. A legend is a very old and popular story that may be true. ...the legends of ancient Greece. ...the Robin Hood legend. The play was based on Irish legend. the legend of the Headless Horseman. Greek myths and legends. Here, according to legend, Robin Hood lies buried. a. uncountable these old stories considered as a group. A legend is a story that people talk about, concerning people, places, or events that exist or are famous at the present time. The incident has since become a family legend. His frequent brushes with death are the stuff of legend among the press. II. countable someone who very many people know about and admire. The Hollywood legend, Elizabeth Taylor. a. British spoken used to show approval for someone who does something that is smart, funny, cool, etc. III. countable a short piece of writing on an object such as a coin or a work of art. IV. a key which explains symbols on maps. Refer to the legend to know the meanings of each symbol. myth [mɪθ] I. countable an ancient traditional story about gods, heroes, and magic. A myth is a well-known story which was made up in the past to explain natural events or to justify religious beliefs or social customs. There is a famous Greek myth in which Icarus flew too near to the Sun. ...the world of magic and of myth. Greek myths 神话故事 and legends. a. uncountable ancient traditional stories. II. countable/uncountable something that people wrongly believe to be true. If you describe a belief or explanation as a myth, you mean that many people believe it but it is actually untrue. Contrary to the popular myth, women are not reckless spendthrifts. Many teenagers still believe myths about sex and pregnancy. a popular myth: There's a popular myth that you can't be struck by lightning twice. dispel/scotch a myth (=prove it to be untrue): He has helped to dispel the myth that men do not care about their appearance. perpetuate a myth (=make a myth continue): Our program must not perpetuate myths or reinforce stereotypes. mythical [ˈmɪθɪk(ə)l] I. relating to or existing only in myths. Something or someone that is mythical exists only in myths and is therefore imaginary. ...the Hydra, the mythical beast that had seven or more heads. ...traditional stories woven around a pantheon of gods and mythical figures. mythical beasts/creatures/monsters. II. imaginary, or not real. If you describe something as mythical, you mean that it is untrue or does not exist. ...the American West, not the mythical, romanticized West of cowboys and gunslingers, but the real West. ...trying to preserve a mythical sense of nationhood. Has anyone ever met this mythical boyfriend of hers?
