用法学习: 1. prez [prɛz] another term for president. get to go to the White House this week to shake hands and schmooze with the Prez. incumbent [ɪnˈkʌmbənt] adj. I. necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility. If it is incumbent upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it. It is incumbent upon all of us to make an extra effort. "the government realized that it was incumbent on them to act". be incumbent on/upon someone to do something 有责任, 有义务 formal to be necessary for someone: She felt it was incumbent upon/on her to raise the subject at their meeting. II. (of an official or regime) currently holding office. "an annual event at which the incumbent president traditionally delivers a speech poking fun at himself". noun. An incumbent is someone who holds an official post at a particular time. In general, incumbents have a 94 per cent chance of being re-elected. Incumbent is also an adjective. ...the only candidate who defeated an incumbent senator. have a high opinion of (something) to think that something is good Most of the people surveyed have a high opinion of the organization. I genuinely don't think that Donald Trump is reading my tweets. I don't have such a high opinion of myself 高看, 把自己看得那么重要. odious [oʊdiəs] If you describe people or things as odious, you think that they are extremely unpleasant. extremely unpleasant and causing or deserving hate: an odious crime. an odious little man. Herr Schmidt is certainly the most odious man I have ever met. The judge described the crime as odious. Donald Trump is contemptible, vile and odious, a tonado of corruption and depravity in a flappy blue suit. verbatim [və(ː)ˈbeɪtɪm] 逐字逐句, 一字不落, 一字不错的 If you repeat something verbatim, you use exactly the same words as were used originally. The President's speeches are regularly reproduced verbatim in the state-run newspapers. She gave me a verbatim report of every conversation she's had this week. That could almost have been taken verbatim from actual interviews. The ramping up of Steven Pineless's jeopardy is brilliantly done, but the bonus of seeing lovely Janey at the end is just brilliant. speak as (one) finds 随便讲, 随便说, 随便聊的, 想起啥说啥, 看见啥就说啥, 说话直率, 没有把门的, 想说什么就说什么, 张嘴就来 To speak candidly as one sees or experiences or sees, even if it comes across as rude or tactless. base your opinion of someone or something purely on personal experience; voice your frank opinion, even if it is interpreted as rude. 1988 Hilary Mantel Eight Months on Ghazzah Street Look, I don't have any theories. I just go issue by issue. I just speak as I find. The candidate built his brand off of speaking as he finds, which seems to strike a chord with the working class voters in his constituency. speak/talk someone's language 意见一致 to have and express similar opinions to those of someone else, or to say something that they want to hear: They welcome him as a politician who finally speaks their language. You would be impressed by her ideas. She's talking our language. He used a straight-talking style to assure potential clients that he spoke their language. now you're speaking my language You can get the work done today? Now you're speaking my language. It says they have beautiful sushi and fresh fish every day. Now you're talking my language. 2. pantomime [pæntəmaɪm] 哑剧 (mime 默剧) noun. I. A pantomime is a funny musical play for children. Pantomimes are usually based on fairy stories and are performed at Christmas. II. Pantomime is the form of entertainment which involves producing a pantomime. What she does very well is pantomime. He is currently starring in pantomime in Weston-super-Mare. III. Pantomime 哑剧. 默剧 is acting something out without speaking. Chaplin feared that the art of pantomime was under threat. The following year, she was dropped from a pantomime performance of Beauty and the Beast after a series of controversial racist tweets emerged, for which Godley later apologised. She was later diagnosed with ovarian cancer, from which she died in 2024. IV. If you say that a situation or a person's behaviour is a pantomime, you mean that it is silly or exaggerated and that there is something false about it. They were made welcome with the usual pantomime of exaggerated smiles and gestures. The rights of every American to good government have been damaged by the pantomime on Capitol Hill. note: Miming is distinguished from silent comedy, in which the artist is a character in a film or skit without sound. A mime artist, or simply mime is a person who uses mime (also called pantomime outside of Britain), the acting out of a story through body motions without the use of speech, as a theatrical medium or as a performance art. 3. jacked [dʒakt] 肌肉发达的 adj informal US I. physically or mentally stimulated from the effects of a drug or stimulant. "a racing car driver, jacked up on amphetamines". II. full of nervous excitement. "we're jacked about going to the semifinals". III. (of a person) having very well-developed muscles. having strong, well-developed muscles, especially as a result of working out (= exercising in order to improve the strength or appearance of your body): He was trying to get himself jacked for the photoshoot. These female weightlifters are absolutely jacked. "back in his wrestling prime, he was nicknamed the 'Anabolic Warrior' for his jacked-up physique". roundup I. In journalism, especially television or radio, a roundup of news 一波新闻汇总, 一轮新闻汇总 is a summary of the main events that have happened. First, we have this roundup of the day's news. Winkleman presents a cultural round-up of the year. II. When there is a roundup of people, they are arrested or captured by the police or army and brought to one place. There are reports that roundups of westerners are still taking place. III. A roundup is an occasion when cattle, horses, or other animals are collected together so that they can be counted or sold. What is it that keeps a cowboy looking strong, young and ready for another roundup 召集? the act of gathering together people, animals, or things: a cattle roundup. a roundup of local news stories. roundabout noun. I. A roundabout (US: traffic circle) is a circular structure in the road at a place where several roads meet. You drive round it until you come to the road that you want. II. (US: merry-go-round, carousel) A roundabout at a fair is a large, circular mechanical device with seats, often in the shape of animals or cars, on which children sit and go round and round. III. (US: merry-go-round) A roundabout in a park or school play area is a circular platform that children sit or stand on. People push the platform to make it spin round. adj. I. If you go somewhere by a roundabout route, you do not go there by the shortest and quickest route. The party took a roundabout route overland. II. If you do or say something in a roundabout way 拐着弯的, 间接的, 不是直接的, you do not do or say it in a simple, clear, and direct way. We made a bit of a fuss in a roundabout way. ...using indirect or roundabout language in place of a precise noun. 4. [great] white whale 海市蜃楼, 大白鲸, 可望不可即的目标, 永远难以企及的目标 I. North American an objective that is relentlessly or obsessively pursued but difficult to achieve. something (such as a goal or object) that is obsessively pursued. It was the old man's white whale, the holy grail shining at the end of the dream, on and off the rails, as he chased scripts, directors, and movie stars of the proper magnitude. For drug makers, developing the first Alzheimer's therapy has long been seen as the great white whale: the toughest challenge and biggest opportunity. "physicists struggled to close in on the Higgs boson—the great white whale of modern science". a goal that you are determined to achieve, or something that you are determined to get, especially if this is very difficult: Now I have a white whale to chase, and I'm actually a little excited about going to work tomorrow. For him, Everest is very much the elusive great white whale - not really about climbing but about the human yearning to achieve. II. a small white-coloured whale (= a large sea mammal) that lives mainly in the Arctic: Last century, as many as 5,000 belugas or white whales lived in the St Lawrence River in eastern Canada. Beluga whales, also called white whales, are relatively small whales that live in the cold waters of the Arctic Circle. 5. A binder clip 文件夹子 (folder纸质的文件夹, binder可以把纸张插进去的那种硬塑料文件夹, hole punch. paper clip. glue stick. sticky notes 便利贴. ) (also known as a foldback clip, paper clamp, banker's clip, foldover clip, bobby clip, or clasp) is a simple device for binding sheets of paper together. It leaves the paper intact and can be removed quickly and easily, unlike the staple. It is also sometimes referred to as a handbag clip because of resemblance to a handbag when its clips are folded up. 6. reimagine 全新打造 to have a new idea about the way something should be. To imagine or conceive something in a new way The classic TV series is completely reimagined in the new version. We need to reimagine a different way of living. To thrive, he believes, publishers have to reimagine the book as multimedia entertainment. Project 2025 — the controversial blueprint for a newly reimagined federal government that Trump tried to distance himself from during the campaign despite numerous ties to its authors — called for NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to be "broken up and downsized" and said the agency was part of the "climate change alarm industry." reimagine itself 重新打造 to imagine again or anew, or to form a new conception of something. It can also mean to become a different kind of person. If Britain wants to be genuinely multicultural, it needs to reimagine itself. edge out 打败, 挤走 If someone edges out someone else, they just manage to beat them or get in front of them in a game, race, or contest. to defeat or do better than someone or something else by a small amount: Among younger voters, he was edged out by the other candidate. She is a brilliant gymnast, but her rival edged her out. France edged out the British team by less than a second. McGregor's effort was enough to edge Johnson out of the top spot. In being tapped for Commerce, Lutnick edged out Robert Lighthizer, the US trade representative during Trump's first term, and Linda McMahon, an administrator of the Small Business Administration from 2017 to 2019, for the role. Both were informed in the last day or so that Lutnick was getting the job. The move surprised several in Trump's orbit, given McMahon had been the clear front-runner for the role. emissary [emɪsəri US -seri] An emissary is a representative sent by one government or leader to another. a person sent by one government or political leader to another to take messages or to take part in discussions: He flew to China as the personal emissary of the President. ...the President's special emissary to Hanoi. The Commerce secretary is tasked with supporting US businesses and often acts as an emissary between other nations to negotiate trade deals and increase foreign investment. 7. salubrious [səˈl(j)uːbrɪəs] I. 健康的. health-giving; healthy. A place that is salubrious is pleasant and healthy. ...your salubrious lochside hotel. "odours of far less salubrious origin". (The word "loch" comes from Scottish and Irish Gaelic and means "lake" or "sea inlet".) II. (of a place) pleasant; not run-down. Something that is described as salubrious is respectable or socially desirable. ...London's less salubrious quarters. "an over-priced flat in a none too salubrious area". The InterContinental Double Bay hotel is set to be replaced with a $1 billion lifestyle precinct that its owners believe will be the "final piece of the puzzle" that transforms one of Sydney's most salubrious suburbs into a global destination. 8. A pocket listing is a property that is for sale without any public advertising. Pocket listings can be used for a variety of reasons. In the real estate industry in the United States, a pocket listing or hip pocket listing is a property where a broker sells a property through private connections rather than entering it into a multiple listing system (MLS) or otherwise publicly advertising it. In Canada, this is called an Exclusive Listing. According to TMZ, they are still mulling a potential asking price, but once they settle on one the property will go on the market. According to The Wrap, DeGeneres and de Rossi have either pocket-listed their Bali-inspired Montecito mansion, or it will soon be listed.
Britain is building one of the world's most expensive railways. Many people now think it's pointless: With its first — and now only — phase currently costed at between $58.4 billion and $70 billion by the UK government, Britain's High Speed 2 (HS2) rail project now costs an eye watering $416 million per mile. It's a metric [ˈmɛtrɪk] 指标 that gives it the dubious honor of being the world's most expensive railway project. Now, with even its supporters despairing ( despair [dɪspeər] 灰心, 不抱希望, 绝望 noun. Despair is the feeling that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve. I looked at my wife in despair. ...feelings of despair or inadequacy. verb. I. If you despair, you feel that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve. 'Oh, I despair sometimes,' he says in mock sorrow. He does despair at much of the press criticism. II. If you despair of something, you feel that there is no hope that it will happen or improve. If you despair of someone, you feel that there is no hope that they will improve. He wished to earn a living through writing but despaired of doing so. ...efforts to find homes for people despairing of ever having a roof over their heads. There are signs that many voters have already despaired of politicians. ) at how it's been managed in recent years, the rail project is widely viewed as an expensive mess that will likely never deliver many of the social and economic benefits it once promised. So, how did it get here? Political interference. Only the equally troubled $128-billion California High Speed Rail project in the United States comes close to matching HS2's soaring costs, with some estimates suggesting that it could top out at $200 million per mile. Chronic short-termism 目光短浅, 只顾眼前利益, 短视 ( [disapproval] If you accuse people of short-termism, you mean that they make decisions that produce benefits now or soon, rather than making better decisions that will produce benefits in the future. the practice of considering only the immediate advantages of particular actions: Some of Europe's entrepreneurs reveal an alarming level of short-termism in making their investment decisions. The cancellation of the autumn budget has heightened fears about short-termism.). The UK's lack of long-term, integrated transport and industrial policies. Slow and overly bureaucratic planning and environmental regimes. Poor project management. Inadequate oversight 监管不力, 监管不足 by the civil servants and government. The blame list goes on. Add to that a construction industry seeking to insulate itself from all of the above with contract bids that include enormous mitigation costs ( Mitigation costs are the costs of taking action to reduce the impact or likelihood of a risk. In the context of climate change, mitigation costs can be measured at various levels, including the project, technology, sector, or macroeconomic level. Mitigation cost 纠错成本, 纠正错误的成本 is the money spent to reduce harm or damage caused by something. For example, if a company pollutes a river, they may have to spend money to clean it up and prevent further pollution. This cost is called mitigation cost. It is like paying to fix a mistake you made. ). In October 2024, the London Times newspaper called HS2 "a story of prolonged dysfunction." It said: "The gradual stunting of HS2 represents egregious short-termism but also an object lesson 血的教训, 实践教训 ( a striking practical example of a principle or ideal. an action or story that teaches you how or how not to act, or that clearly shows the facts of a situation, usually a bad one. If you describe an action, event, or situation as an object lesson, you think that it demonstrates the correct way to do something, or that it demonstrates the truth of a particular principle. It was an object lesson in how to use television as a means of persuasion. The disaster was an object lesson in how not to run a ship. "they responded to daily emergencies in a way that was an object lesson to us all". wiki: An object lesson is a teaching method that uses a physical object or visual aid to convey information and facilitate discussion. The idea is that material things can be used to teach a principle or abstract idea. ) in why Britain struggles to escape its doom loop 周而复始 of anemic ( anemic [ə'niːmɪk] = anaemic 贫血的 adj. I. Someone who is anaemic has anaemia 贫血. Lack of iron in your diet can make you anaemic. Losing a lot of blood makes you tired and anaemic. II.If you describe something as anaemic, you mean that it is not as strong or effective as you think it should be. without any energy and effort: Both actors gave fairly anaemic performances. We will see some economic recovery, but it will be very anaemic. ) growth. "The project has become emblematic of Britain's inability to complete big infrastructure projects." Speaking at an industry conference in 2022, Ricardo Ferreras, director of Spanish construction giant Ferrovial — one of many companies involved in HS2 — blamed the process of obtaining permits and conducting environmental studies for the increased cost of building high-speed railways in the UK. "It's true the cost per kilometer is way higher in the UK than it is in Europe, for example in France or Spain," Ferreras said, laying most of the blame at the maze of UK planning and environmental restrictions construction companies must navigate. "As an example, in Spain the government will get all consents, and all environmental permits, and then when they award the contract, the contractor can just focus on delivering the project." But, he says, the costs associated with HS2 still boggle the mind. "There are mitigating factors 说得通的因素, 可理解的原因 ( facts or information presented to a court to reduce the severity of a crime or the sentence given to a defendant. They are also known as extenuating circumstances. ) such as the relative cost of land and the lack of opposition in other countries but, regardless, a variance of 10 or 20 times is remarkable," he says. HS2 initially seemed to make sense to many. Successive UK governments have sold the project to voters as a chance to "level up" deprived post-industrial cities across central and northern regions through investment in improved infrastructure to create "northern powerhouses." HS2 has always been controversial for a whole host of reasons. Right from the start it generated anger from communities blighted by its construction as well as environmentalists trying to save ancient woodland lying in its path. Also upset were those who argued that even its original price tag was steep for a rail line that would offer only marginally faster travel, regardless of whether it would free up capacity on the existing rail network for regional and freight trains. The need to soothe angry residents in communities along the route added to the massive cost. Opposition was especially fierce where HS2 slices through quintessential English rolling landscapes north of London, dotted with ancient woodlands and historic villages. Wealthy retirees living in the pretty Chiltern Hills found themselves in a surprising coalition with radical environmental campaigners from the likes of Extinction Rebellion as they attempted to halt the project. However, their efforts were in vain and only succeeded in significantly driving up construction costs. Many miles of extra tunnels and expensive earthworks were added to make the railway "disappear" from view, adding billions to the price tag but doing almost nothing to reduce opposition from a vociferous [və'sɪfərəs] 不遗余力的 (If you describe someone as vociferous, you mean that they speak with great energy and determination, because they want their views to be heard. Vociferous people express their opinions and complaints loudly and repeatedly in speech, and vociferous demands, etc. are made repeatedly and loudly: Local activist groups have become increasingly vociferous as the volume of traffic passing through the village has increased. A vociferous opponent of gay rights, he is well-known for his right-wing views.) anti-HS2 lobby. This month it was announced that nearly $130 million would be spent on a one-kilometer-long "bat shed" covering the track in rural Buckinghamshire to ensure high-speed trains do not disturb bats living in nearby woodland. Its construction was demanded by planning authorities despite a lack of any evidence that bats are affected by passing trains, according to HS2's builder. Where other countries build their new railways largely at ground level or elevated on seemingly endless concrete viaducts ( viaduct ['vaɪədʌkt] 路桥, 水泥柱子 A viaduct is a long, high bridge that carries a road or a railway across a valley. a long, high bridge, usually held up by many arches, that carries a railway or a road over a valley: a railway viaduct. There is a railway viaduct a tad northwest of the town. type of long bridge or series of bridges, usually supported by a series of arches or on spans between tall towers. The purpose of a viaduct is to carry a road or railway over water, a valley, or another road. A culvert 涵洞 is a structure that channels water past an obstacle or to a subterranean waterway. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced concrete or other material. In the United Kingdom, the word can also be used for a longer artificially buried watercourse. ), Britain has chosen a far more expensive route that requires 32 miles of tunnels and 130 bridges — including the UK's longest viaduct. On average, it costs 10 times per mile of track more to build in a tunnel than above ground. Above ground, HS2 Limited, the umbrella company tasked with building the railway, and its contractors have gone to enormous lengths to mitigate their impact on the environment along the route, tweaking the route to limit damage to woodlands and designated areas of outstanding natural beauty, planting millions of new trees and funding millions of dollars worth of environmental and community projects from rewilding ( rewilding 退耕还林 the practice of returning areas of land to a wild state, including the reintroduction of animal species that are no longer naturally found there. the process of protecting an environment and returning it to its natural state, for example by bringing back wild animals that used to live there: Rewilding runs directly counter to human attempts to control and cultivate nature. ) schemes to school playgrounds. But while the price tag kept escalating, public willingness 意愿 to foot the bill has diminished. And when the cost of building Phases 1 and 2 rocketed to an estimated $130 billion, the UK government came under increasing pressure to find savings. "With rail passenger levels only just returning to pre-Covid levels and the nation's coffers almost empty, the country is left with a ludicrously expensive venture that, in its current mutilated ( mutilate [mjuːtɪleɪt] I. If a person or animal is mutilated, their body is severely damaged, usually by someone who physically attacks them. More than 30 horses have been mutilated in the last nine months. He tortured and mutilated six young men. The mutilated bodies of seven men have been found beside a railway line. Amnesty International chronicles cases of torture and mutilation. She had suffered severe facial mutilations after an accident. to damage something severely, especially by violently removing a part: Her body had been mutilated beyond recognition. Self-hatred apparently drove her to mutilate her own face. II. If something is mutilated, it is deliberately damaged or spoiled. to destroy an idea or a piece of art or entertainment: They have mutilated a beautiful film by making these changes. Brecht's verdict was that his screenplay had been mutilated. By chance the book survives in an early, fragile, mutilated copy dating from around 1100. ) form, is essentially pointless." Rail industry leaders claim that reinstating the Birmingham-Crewe section of HS2 could actually save the government money, by increasing the value of future operating concessions. These could be worth around $26 billion if fully developed from central London and joining lines to northern cities. However, the section under construction between west London and Birmingham would be worth just a quarter of that according to an analysis by the High Speed Rail Group (HSRG). HSRG, a coalition of rail and engineering companies whose members include global transport giants Hitachi, Alstom, Siemens and UK train operators, argues that spending billions more now to reach Euston and Crewe would save the UK Treasury $4.5 billion in the long run. In the meantime, London continues to dominate the UK economy, sucking investment and talent out of the regions and widening the already cavernous [ˈkavənəs] 洞穴似的, 宽敞的 ( A cavernous room or building is very large inside, and so it reminds you of a cave. If something is cavernous, there is a very large open space inside it: a cavernous 4,000-seat theatre. The work space is a bare and cavernous warehouse. ) gap between the capital and the rest of the country.