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用法学习: 1. prez [prɛz] another term for president. get to go to the White House this week to shake hands and schmooze with the Prez. incumbent [ɪnˈkʌmbənt] adj. I. necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility. If it is incumbent upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it. It is incumbent upon all of us to make an extra effort. "the government realized that it was incumbent on them to act". be incumbent on/upon someone to do something 有责任, 有义务 formal to be necessary for someone: She felt it was incumbent upon/on her to raise the subject at their meeting. II. (of an official or regime) currently holding office. "an annual event at which the incumbent president traditionally delivers a speech poking fun at himself". noun. An incumbent is someone who holds an official post at a particular time. In general, incumbents have a 94 per cent chance of being re-elected. Incumbent is also an adjective. ...the only candidate who defeated an incumbent senator. have a high opinion of (something) to think that something is good Most of the people surveyed have a high opinion of the organization. I genuinely don't think that Donald Trump is reading my tweets. I don't have such a high opinion of myself 高看, 把自己看得那么重要. odious [oʊdiəs] If you describe people or things as odious, you think that they are extremely unpleasant. extremely unpleasant and causing or deserving hate: an odious crime. an odious little man. Herr Schmidt is certainly the most odious man I have ever met. The judge described the crime as odious. Donald Trump is contemptible, vile and odious, a tonado of corruption and depravity in a flappy blue suit. verbatim [və(ː)ˈbeɪtɪm] 逐字逐句, 一字不落, 一字不错的 If you repeat something verbatim, you use exactly the same words as were used originally. The President's speeches are regularly reproduced verbatim in the state-run newspapers. She gave me a verbatim report of every conversation she's had this week. That could almost have been taken verbatim from actual interviews. The ramping up of Steven Pineless's jeopardy is brilliantly done, but the bonus of seeing lovely Janey at the end is just brilliant. speak as (one) finds 说话直率, 没有把门的, 想说什么就说什么, 张嘴就来 To speak candidly as one sees or experiences or sees, even if it comes across as rude or tactless. base your opinion of someone or something purely on personal experience; voice your frank opinion, even if it is interpreted as rude. 1988 Hilary Mantel Eight Months on Ghazzah Street Look, I don't have any theories. I just go issue by issue. I just speak as I find. The candidate built his brand off of speaking as he finds, which seems to strike a chord with the working class voters in his constituency. speak/talk someone's language 意见一致 to have and express similar opinions to those of someone else, or to say something that they want to hear: They welcome him as a politician who finally speaks their language. You would be impressed by her ideas. She's talking our language. He used a straight-talking style to assure potential clients that he spoke their language. now you're speaking my language You can get the work done today? Now you're speaking my language. It says they have beautiful sushi and fresh fish every day. Now you're talking my language. 2. pantomime [pæntəmaɪm] 哑剧 (mime 默剧) noun. I. A pantomime is a funny musical play for children. Pantomimes are usually based on fairy stories and are performed at Christmas. II. Pantomime is the form of entertainment which involves producing a pantomime. What she does very well is pantomime. He is currently starring in pantomime in Weston-super-Mare. III. Pantomime 哑剧. 默剧 is acting something out without speaking. Chaplin feared that the art of pantomime was under threat. The following year, she was dropped from a pantomime performance of Beauty and the Beast after a series of controversial racist tweets emerged, for which Godley later apologised. She was later diagnosed with ovarian cancer, from which she died in 2024. IV. If you say that a situation or a person's behaviour is a pantomime, you mean that it is silly or exaggerated and that there is something false about it. They were made welcome with the usual pantomime of exaggerated smiles and gestures. The rights of every American to good government have been damaged by the pantomime on Capitol Hill. note: Miming is distinguished from silent comedy, in which the artist is a character in a film or skit without sound. A mime artist, or simply mime is a person who uses mime (also called pantomime outside of Britain), the acting out of a story through body motions without the use of speech, as a theatrical medium or as a performance art. 3. jacked [dʒakt] adj informal US I. physically or mentally stimulated from the effects of a drug or stimulant. "a racing car driver, jacked up on amphetamines". II. full of nervous excitement. "we're jacked about going to the semifinals". III. 肌肉发达的. (of a person) having very well-developed muscles. having strong, well-developed muscles, especially as a result of working out (= exercising in order to improve the strength or appearance of your body): He was trying to get himself jacked for the photoshoot. These female weightlifters are absolutely jacked. "back in his wrestling prime, he was nicknamed the 'Anabolic Warrior' for his jacked-up physique". roundup I. In journalism, especially television or radio, a roundup of news 一波新闻汇总, 一轮新闻汇总 is a summary of the main events that have happened. First, we have this roundup of the day's news. Winkleman presents a cultural round-up of the year. II. When there is a roundup of people, they are arrested or captured by the police or army and brought to one place. There are reports that roundups of westerners are still taking place. III. A roundup is an occasion when cattle, horses, or other animals are collected together so that they can be counted or sold. What is it that keeps a cowboy looking strong, young and ready for another roundup 召集? the act of gathering together people, animals, or things: a cattle roundup. a roundup of local news stories. roundabout noun. I. A roundabout (US: traffic circle) is a circular structure in the road at a place where several roads meet. You drive round it until you come to the road that you want. II. (US: merry-go-round, carousel) A roundabout at a fair is a large, circular mechanical device with seats, often in the shape of animals or cars, on which children sit and go round and round. III. (US: merry-go-round) A roundabout in a park or school play area is a circular platform that children sit or stand on. People push the platform to make it spin round. adj. I. If you go somewhere by a roundabout route, you do not go there by the shortest and quickest route. The party took a roundabout route overland. II. If you do or say something in a roundabout way 间接的, 不是直接的, you do not do or say it in a simple, clear, and direct way. We made a bit of a fuss in a roundabout way. ...using indirect or roundabout language in place of a precise noun. 4. [great] white whale 海市蜃楼, 大白鲸, 可望不可即的目标, 永远难以企及的目标 I. North American an objective that is relentlessly or obsessively pursued but difficult to achieve. something (such as a goal or object) that is obsessively pursued. It was the old man's white whale, the holy grail shining at the end of the dream, on and off the rails, as he chased scripts, directors, and movie stars of the proper magnitude. For drug makers, developing the first Alzheimer's therapy has long been seen as the great white whale: the toughest challenge and biggest opportunity. "physicists struggled to close in on the Higgs boson—the great white whale of modern science". a goal that you are determined to achieve, or something that you are determined to get, especially if this is very difficult: Now I have a white whale to chase, and I'm actually a little excited about going to work tomorrow. For him, Everest is very much the elusive great white whale - not really about climbing but about the human yearning to achieve. II. a small white-coloured whale (= a large sea mammal) that lives mainly in the Arctic: Last century, as many as 5,000 belugas or white whales lived in the St Lawrence River in eastern Canada. Beluga whales, also called white whales, are relatively small whales that live in the cold waters of the Arctic Circle. 5. A binder clip 文件夹子 (folder纸质的文件夹, binder可以把纸张插进去的那种硬塑料文件夹, hole punch. paper clip. glue stick. sticky notes 便利贴. ) (also known as a foldback clip, paper clamp, banker's clip, foldover clip, bobby clip, or clasp) is a simple device for binding sheets of paper together. It leaves the paper intact and can be removed quickly and easily, unlike the staple. It is also sometimes referred to as a handbag clip because of resemblance to a handbag when its clips are folded up. 6. reimagine 全新打造 to have a new idea about the way something should be. To imagine or conceive something in a new way The classic TV series is completely reimagined in the new version. We need to reimagine a different way of living. To thrive, he believes, publishers have to reimagine the book as multimedia entertainment. Project 2025 — the controversial blueprint for a newly reimagined federal government that Trump tried to distance himself from during the campaign despite numerous ties to its authors — called for NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to be "broken up and downsized" and said the agency was part of the "climate change alarm industry." reimagine itself If Britain wants to be genuinely multicultural, it needs to reimagine itself. edge out 打败, 挤走 If someone edges out someone else, they just manage to beat them or get in front of them in a game, race, or contest. to defeat or do better than someone or something else by a small amount: Among younger voters, he was edged out by the other candidate. She is a brilliant gymnast, but her rival edged her out. France edged out the British team by less than a second. McGregor's effort was enough to edge Johnson out of the top spot. In being tapped for Commerce, Lutnick edged out Robert Lighthizer, the US trade representative during Trump's first term, and Linda McMahon, an administrator of the Small Business Administration from 2017 to 2019, for the role. Both were informed in the last day or so that Lutnick was getting the job. The move surprised several in Trump's orbit, given McMahon had been the clear front-runner for the role. emissary [emɪsəri US -seri] An emissary is a representative sent by one government or leader to another. a person sent by one government or political leader to another to take messages or to take part in discussions: He flew to China as the personal emissary of the President. ...the President's special emissary to Hanoi. The Commerce secretary is tasked with supporting US businesses and often acts as an emissary between other nations to negotiate trade deals and increase foreign investment. 7.  

Britain is building one of the world's most expensive railways. Many people now think it's pointless:  With its first — and now only — phase currently costed at between $58.4 billion and $70 billion by the UK government, Britain's High Speed 2 (HS2) rail project now costs an eye watering $416 million per mile. It's a metric [ˈmɛtrɪk] 指标 that gives it the dubious honor of being the world's most expensive railway project. Now, with even its supporters despairing ( despair [dɪspeər] 灰心, 不抱希望, 绝望 noun. Despair is the feeling that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve. I looked at my wife in despair. ...feelings of despair or inadequacy. verb. I. If you despair, you feel that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve. 'Oh, I despair sometimes,' he says in mock sorrow. He does despair at much of the press criticism. II. If you despair of something, you feel that there is no hope that it will happen or improve. If you despair of someone, you feel that there is no hope that they will improve. He wished to earn a living through writing but despaired of doing so. ...efforts to find homes for people despairing of ever having a roof over their heads. There are signs that many voters have already despaired of politicians. ) at how it's been managed in recent years, the rail project is widely viewed as an expensive mess that will likely never deliver many of the social and economic benefits it once promised. So, how did it get here? Political interference. Only the equally troubled $128-billion California High Speed Rail project in the United States comes close to matching HS2's soaring costs, with some estimates suggesting that it could top out at $200 million per mile. Chronic short-termism 只顾眼前利益, 短视的 ( [disapproval] If you accuse people of short-termism, you mean that they make decisions that produce benefits now or soon, rather than making better decisions that will produce benefits in the future. the practice of considering only the immediate advantages of particular actions: Some of Europe's entrepreneurs reveal an alarming level of short-termism in making their investment decisions. The cancellation of the autumn budget has heightened fears about short-termism.). The UK's lack of long-term, integrated transport and industrial policies. Slow and overly bureaucratic planning and environmental regimes. Poor project management. Inadequate oversight 监管不力, 监管不足 by the civil servants and government. The blame list goes on. Add to that a construction industry seeking to insulate itself from all of the above with contract bids that include enormous mitigation costs ( Mitigation costs are the costs of taking action to reduce the impact or likelihood of a risk. In the context of climate change, mitigation costs can be measured at various levels, including the project, technology, sector, or macroeconomic level. Mitigation cost 纠错成本, 纠正错误的成本 is the money spent to reduce harm or damage caused by something. For example, if a company pollutes a river, they may have to spend money to clean it up and prevent further pollution. This cost is called mitigation cost. It is like paying to fix a mistake you made. ). In October 2024, the London Times newspaper called HS2 "a story of prolonged dysfunction." It said: "The gradual stunting of HS2 represents egregious short-termism but also an object lesson 血的教训, 实践教训 ( a striking practical example of a principle or ideal. an action or story that teaches you how or how not to act, or that clearly shows the facts of a situation, usually a bad one. If you describe an action, event, or situation as an object lesson, you think that it demonstrates the correct way to do something, or that it demonstrates the truth of a particular principle. It was an object lesson in how to use television as a means of persuasion. The disaster was an object lesson in how not to run a ship. "they responded to daily emergencies in a way that was an object lesson to us all". wiki: An object lesson is a teaching method that uses a physical object or visual aid to convey information and facilitate discussion. The idea is that material things can be used to teach a principle or abstract idea. ) in why Britain struggles to escape its doom loop 周而复始 of anemic ( anemic [ə'niːmɪk] = anaemic 贫血的 adj. I. Someone who is anaemic has anaemia 贫血. Lack of iron in your diet can make you anaemic. Losing a lot of blood makes you tired and anaemic. II.If you describe something as anaemic, you mean that it is not as strong or effective as you think it should be. without any energy and effort: Both actors gave fairly anaemic performances. We will see some economic recovery, but it will be very anaemic. ) growth. "The project has become emblematic of Britain's inability to complete big infrastructure projects." Speaking at an industry conference in 2022, Ricardo Ferreras, director of Spanish construction giant Ferrovial — one of many companies involved in HS2 — blamed the process of obtaining permits and conducting environmental studies for the increased cost of building high-speed railways in the UK. "It's true the cost per kilometer is way higher in the UK than it is in Europe, for example in France or Spain," Ferreras said, laying most of the blame at the maze of UK planning and environmental restrictions construction companies must navigate. "As an example, in Spain the government will get all consents, and all environmental permits, and then when they award the contract, the contractor can just focus on delivering the project." But, he says, the costs associated with HS2 still boggle the mind. "There are mitigating factors 说得通的因素, 可理解的原因 ( facts or information presented to a court to reduce the severity of a crime or the sentence given to a defendant. They are also known as extenuating circumstances. ) such as the relative cost of land and the lack of opposition in other countries but, regardless, a variance of 10 or 20 times is remarkable," he says. HS2 initially seemed to make sense to many. Successive UK governments have sold the project to voters as a chance to "level up" deprived post-industrial cities across central and northern regions through investment in improved infrastructure to create "northern powerhouses." HS2 has always been controversial for a whole host of reasons. Right from the start it generated anger from communities blighted by its construction as well as environmentalists trying to save ancient woodland lying in its path. Also upset were those who argued that even its original price tag was steep for a rail line that would offer only marginally faster travel, regardless of whether it would free up capacity on the existing rail network for regional and freight trains. The need to soothe angry residents in communities along the route added to the massive cost. Opposition was especially fierce where HS2 slices through quintessential English rolling landscapes north of London, dotted with ancient woodlands and historic villages. Wealthy retirees living in the pretty Chiltern Hills found themselves in a surprising coalition with radical environmental campaigners from the likes of Extinction Rebellion as they attempted to halt the project. However, their efforts were in vain and only succeeded in significantly driving up construction costs. Many miles of extra tunnels and expensive earthworks were added to make the railway "disappear" from view, adding billions to the price tag but doing almost nothing to reduce opposition from a vociferous 不遗余力的 anti-HS2 lobby. This month it was announced that nearly $130 million would be spent on a one-kilometer-long "bat shed" covering the track in rural Buckinghamshire to ensure high-speed trains do not disturb bats living in nearby woodland. Its construction was demanded by planning authorities despite a lack of any evidence that bats are affected by passing trains, according to HS2's builder. Where other countries build their new railways largely at ground level or elevated on seemingly endless concrete viaducts ( viaduct [vaɪədʌkt] 路桥, 水泥柱子 A viaduct is a long, high bridge that carries a road or a railway across a valley. a long, high bridge, usually held up by many arches, that carries a railway or a road over a valley: a railway viaduct. There is a railway viaduct a tad northwest of the town. ), Britain has chosen a far more expensive route that requires 32 miles of tunnels and 130 bridges — including the UK's longest viaduct. On average, it costs 10 times per mile of track more to build in a tunnel than above ground. Above ground, HS2 Limited, the umbrella company tasked with building the railway, and its contractors have gone to enormous lengths to mitigate their impact on the environment along the route, tweaking the route to limit damage to woodlands and designated areas of outstanding natural beauty, planting millions of new trees and funding millions of dollars worth of environmental and community projects from rewilding ( rewilding 退耕还林 the practice of returning areas of land to a wild state, including the reintroduction of animal species that are no longer naturally found there. the process of protecting an environment and returning it to its natural state, for example by bringing back wild animals that used to live there: Rewilding runs directly counter to human attempts to control and cultivate nature. ) schemes to school playgrounds. But while the price tag kept escalating, public willingness 意愿 to foot the bill has diminished. And when the cost of building Phases 1 and 2 rocketed to an estimated $130 billion, the UK government came under increasing pressure to find savings. "With rail passenger levels only just returning to pre-Covid levels and the nation's coffers almost empty, the country is left with a ludicrously expensive venture that, in its current mutilated ( mutilate [mjuːtɪleɪt] I. If a person or animal is mutilated, their body is severely damaged, usually by someone who physically attacks them. More than 30 horses have been mutilated in the last nine months. He tortured and mutilated six young men. The mutilated bodies of seven men have been found beside a railway line. Amnesty International chronicles cases of torture and mutilation. She had suffered severe facial mutilations after an accident. to damage something severely, especially by violently removing a part: Her body had been mutilated beyond recognition. Self-hatred apparently drove her to mutilate her own face. II. If something is mutilated, it is deliberately damaged or spoiled. to destroy an idea or a piece of art or entertainment: They have mutilated a beautiful film by making these changes. Brecht's verdict was that his screenplay had been mutilated. By chance the book survives in an early, fragile, mutilated copy dating from around 1100. ) form, is essentially pointless." Rail industry leaders claim that reinstating the Birmingham-Crewe section of HS2 could actually save the government money, by increasing the value of future operating concessions. These could be worth around $26 billion if fully developed from central London and joining lines to northern cities. However, the section under construction between west London and Birmingham would be worth just a quarter of that according to an analysis by the High Speed Rail Group (HSRG). HSRG, a coalition of rail and engineering companies whose members include global transport giants Hitachi, Alstom, Siemens and UK train operators, argues that spending billions more now to reach Euston and Crewe would save the UK Treasury $4.5 billion in the long run. In the meantime, London continues to dominate the UK economy, sucking investment and talent out of the regions and widening the already cavernous [ˈkavənəs] ( A cavernous room or building is very large inside, and so it reminds you of a cave. If something is cavernous, there is a very large open space inside it: a cavernous 4,000-seat theatre. The work space is a bare and cavernous warehouse. ) gap between the capital and the rest of the country. 

vitriol [ˈvɪtrɪəl] VS virile [vɪraɪl; US: ˈvɪrəl] VS visceral [ˈvɪs(ə)rəl]; throw stone, throw sand

用法学习: 1. wrap up warm = put on some extra layers 穿暖和点, 多穿点衣服. 怕冷不是afraid of the cold. 而是not feel the cold. The cold doesn't bother me. beer jacket = beer coat The invisible coat you where over your tshirt/short sleeve/bare chest when walking home on a freezing night out without feeling the cold. "Aren't you cold?" "No i'm wearing my beer jacket! = I got my beer jacket. I don't really feel the cold." The ability not to feel the cold when drunk. "You must have been freezing last night walking home?" "I didn't feel it. I had my trusty beer jacket on". nippy (nipples get hard when it's cold) = chilly = a bit cold 冷飕飕的 冷死了: absolutely freezing. fucking freezing. I'm freezing my balls/tits off. 2. 欢迎你到中国: I hope you can visit China one day if you ever get a grip on Chinese. You should visit Beijing. You are welcome to visit Beijing. 你先忙吧: I'll let you get on [with it] = I'll let you crack on [with it]. What's up, man? Oh, sorry you seem a bit busy, I'll let you crack on. I'd better get on 我得忙了. I'll get out of your hair 我不烦你了, 我不打扰你了. I'll leave you in peace 我不烦你了, 我不打扰你了. I'll let you go. I won't take up any more of your time 不耽误你了, 不打扰你了. 3. "You're having a laugh 开玩笑呢吧, 搞笑呢吧" is an informal idiom in the UK that means you think something someone has said is unreasonable or unfair. For example, you might say "£500 to cut down a tree—you're having a laugh, mate!". "You're having a laugh! You were only sitting on her garden wall. What's wrong with that?" "I'm going to have to pay £500 to get my car windscreen fixed. You're having a laugh! It's not worth that much, surely?" In UK, £1,000 is commonly referred to as a grand, e.g., £4,000 would be called 4 grand, or rarely in certain dialects as a "bag" (from the rhyming slang "Bag of Sand"). In some cases, £1,000 is known as one large, i,e., £10,000 would be ten large. £2,000 has been known as an Archer, having been coined by Rik Mayall's character Alan B'stard in TV comedy The New Statesman. In recent years, many dialects have opted to use other terms for large amounts of money. £100 is commonly known as a bag £1,000 is commonly known as a rack. 4. bumpkin [ˈbʌm(p)kɪn] = country bumpkin an unsophisticated or socially awkward person from the countryside. a person from the countryside who is considered to be awkward and stupid. If you refer to someone as a bumpkin, you think they are uneducated and stupid because they come from the countryside. ...unsophisticated 天真无邪的 country bumpkins. "she thought Tom a bit of a country bumpkin". My boyfriend passed away when I was a teenager. If that hadn't happened I would have been happily married and been a country bumpkin like I was,' she said. have [got] (one's) mind in the gutter 思想不单纯, 不纯洁 (get your mind out of the gutter) slang To have or give voice to lewd, inappropriate thoughts (about someone or something). Hey, don't stay dirty stuff like that around my mother. Do you have your mind in the gutter? A: "And then she compared my model rocket to a phallus." B: "Ew, gross. She always has her mind in the gutter." tending to think of or say things that are obscene. Tiffany has her mind in the gutter. That's why she laughs at all that dirty stuff. Why do you tell so many dirty jokes? Do you always have your mind in the gutter. Thrupp previously told the Sydney Morning Herald he was upset that gossip columns in Sydney had suggested his relationship to Jones was something more. 'It was something that was obviously completely untrue. I think it's amazing how in Australia people struggle to understand that, yes, people have patrons. It's actually a very common thing.' 'It's obviously upsetting that people put their minds in the gutter ... I struggled with that because I had family members reading this stuff... They knew he had taken me under his wing and they were grateful... yet here was this reporting where it was like 'oh, there must be something going on'. 'I've moved on. You can't not be thick-skinned in this industry and city.' 5. pastel [pæstəl, US pæstel] I. Pastel colours 淡色 are pale rather than dark or bright. ...delicate pastel shades. ...pastel pink, blue, peach and green. ...pretty pastel-coloured houses. The lobby is decorated in pastels. having a pale soft colour: Their house is decorated in pastel shades. II. Pastels (粉彩) are also small sticks of different coloured chalks that are used for drawing pictures. a soft, coloured substance, usually in the form of a small stick, that is used to draw pictures, or a picture made using this: Do you like working in pastel? The show includes 85 paintings, pastels, and sculptures. ...pastels and charcoal. ...the portrait in pastels. III. A pastel (粉彩画) is a picture that has been done using pastels. ...Degas's paintings, pastels, and prints. ...a pastel by Toulouse-Lautrec. ...a pastel drawing. wiki: A pastel (US: [pæˈstɛl]) is an art medium that consist of powdered pigment and a binder. It can exist in a variety of forms, including a stick, a square, a pebble, and a pan of color, among other forms. The pigments 色素 used in pastels are similar to those used to produce some other colored visual arts media, such as oil paints; the binder is of a neutral hue and low saturation. The color effect of pastels is closer to the natural dry pigments than that of any other process. plethora [pleθərə] A plethora of something 大量的, 一大堆 is a large amount of it, especially an amount of it that is greater than you need, want, or can cope with. a very large amount of something, especially a larger amount than you need, want, or can deal with: a plethora of excuses/agencies/diet books. There's a plethora of books about the royal family. The plethora of regulations is both contradictory and confusing. A plethora of new operators will be allowed to enter the market. 6. masthead I. A ship's masthead is the highest part of its mast. II. A newspaper's masthead is the part at the top of the front page where its name appears in big letters. III. = UK imprint: A list of a newspaper or other periodical's main staff, contributing writers, publisher, circulation, advertising rates etc. We carry illustrations of these medals on our masthead. IV. = US nameplate. The title (normally in a large and distinctive font) of a newspaper or other periodical at the top of the front page; (by extension) the publication itself or the rights to it. V. The logo of a broadcaster used in an ident. Launched in May 2013, Guardian Australia (GNMA) is owned by Guardian News and Media Holdings (GNMH) which is owned by Guardian Media Group (GMG), which is the publisher of theguardian.com, a leading global English-language news masthead. The Saturday Herald Sun's readership also increased by 0.3 per cent, to 625,000, and ­remains the most read metropolitan Saturday masthead. hold forth 高谈阔论, 侃侃而谈 I. talk lengthily, assertively, or tediously about a subject. to talk about a particular subject for a long time, often in a way that other people find boring: hold forth about/on If you hold forth on a subject, you speak confidently and for a long time about it, especially to a group of people. Barry was holding forth on politics. She held forth all afternoon about/on government incompetence. "a famous poet was holding forth, surrounded by admiring young writers and critics". II. to offer (an attraction or enticement). put years on sb 显得老, 显老 ( take years off someone 显年轻, 显嫩, 显小) If you say that something such as an experience or a way of dressing has put years on someone, you mean that it has made them look or feel much older. If something puts years on a person, it makes them appear much older: "I always turn adversity and defeat into victories, but it's probably put ten years on me". "Her bedraggled pony-tail put years on her". "Being tired and unhappy puts years on you". Being tired and unhappy puts years on you. I always turn adversity and defeat into victories, but it's probably put ten years on me. be 10 years on someone = have 10 years on someone: "He is 10-15 years ahead of me. If the context is spending time in a company, it means he joined 10-15 years before me. If the context is of age, then definitely it means he is older than me by 10-15 years."  This phrase refers to having an advantage in whatever situation is being discussed. If I'm 50 years old and weigh 160 pounds, and am attacked by someone who's about 35 years old and weighs 200, I could say "he had 15 years and 40 pounds on me." "Do a number on someone" is an American English idiom that means to manipulate, trick, or harm someone in some way. to abuse or mistreat in some way, as by injuring, disparaging, cheating, or humiliating. to injure someone or something, or to hurt or embarrass someone: I. To injure or hurt: "I really did a number on my ankle when I fell". II. To embarrass or humiliate: "She really did a number on her old boyfriend, making him beg her to come back and then turning him down". I really did a number on my ankle when I fell. She really did a number on her old boyfriend, making him beg her to come back and then turning him down. Treating people or animals badly. III. To defeat or undermine: "The committee really did a number on the mayor's proposal". IV. To criticize thoroughly: "The committee really did a number on the mayor's proposal". V. To cheat: "The Irish team are looking to do a number on England in Dublin tomorrow". Synonyms of "do a number on" include tricked, deceived, fooled, and had on. "Have someone's number 拿捏, 拿住" is an idiom that means to have an advantage over someone because you know or understand them well. to know a lot about someone and so have an advantage over them: Don't worry, I've got his number, he doesn't fool me."Don't worry, I've got his number, he doesn't fool me". have someone on 开玩笑, 玩我 informal try to make someone believe something that is untrue, especially as a joke. to persuade someone that something is true when it is not, usually as a joke: That's your new car? You're having me on! "that's just too neat—you're having me on". 7. alert I. If you are alert, you are paying full attention to things around you and are able to deal with anything that might happen. quick to see, understand, and act in a particular situation: I'm not feeling very alert today - not enough sleep last night! A couple of alert readers posted comments on the website pointing out the mistake. Parents should be alert to sudden changes in children's behaviour. We all have to stay alert. He had been spotted by an alert neighbour. The drug improved mental alertness. You sound very alert 清醒 on a Monday. You didn't have any alcohol on the weekend? II. If you are alert to something, you are fully aware of it. The bank is alert to the danger. noun. I. An alert is a situation in which people prepare themselves for something dangerous that might happen soon. Due to a security alert, this train will not be stopping at Oxford Circus. II. a warning to people to be prepared to deal with something dangerous: a bomb alert 警戒. The army was put on (full) alert as the peace talks began to fail. The public were warned to be on the alert for (= watching carefully for) suspicious packages. III. a message, for example on your mobile phone or on television or radio, that warns you or gives you information about something: You can set location-based alerts 警戒, 报警 so your phone will remind you of something important when you are arriving at or leaving a location. I get text alerts 警告信息 when I have used 80% of my mobile data. Sign up to receive news alerts in your area. verb. If you alert someone to a situation, especially a dangerous or unpleasant situation, you tell them about it. He wanted to alert people to the activities of the group. I was hoping he'd alert the police. on alert If soldiers or police are on alert, they are ready to deal with anything that may happen. Soldiers and police have been put on alert. on the alert for something If you are on the alert for something, you are ready to deal with it if it happens. They want to be on the alert for similar buying opportunities. red alert If a hospital, a police force, or a military force is on red alert, they have been warned that there may be an emergency, so they can be ready to deal with it. All the Plymouth hospitals are on red alert. Sirens sounded an end to the red alert. 8. leg-over noun VULGAR SLANG BRITISH an act or instance of having sex. "now and then he indulged in an extramarital leg-over". get your leg over (throw a leg-over) (of a man) to have sex. It's all well and good having a relationship, but at the end of the day all I want to do is get my leg over. They would say things like 'Have you got your leg over yet?'. He told me how at least two ministers had, as he put it, tried unsuccessfully to get a leg over. All he wants is a legover, hello and goodbye. 8. vociferous [və'sɪfərəs] adj. If you describe someone as vociferous, you mean that they speak with great energy and determination, because they want their views to be heard. Vociferous people express their opinions and complaints loudly and repeatedly in speech, and vociferous demands, etc. are made repeatedly and loudly: Local activist groups have become increasingly vociferous as the volume of traffic passing through the village has increased. A vociferous opponent of gay rights, he is well-known for his right-wing views. He was a vociferous opponent of Conservatism. His resentment of her behaviour was becoming more vociferous. He vociferously opposed the state of emergency imposed by the government. The former vice president of the federal Liberal Party, Teena McQueen, was vociferous in Jones' defence. go to water (informal) To give up under threat or pressure. Numerous senior Australian politicians were extremely eager over decades to be seen as close to Jones, or routinely went to water when he demanded they appear on his top-rating radio show or threatened them over decisions with which he disagreed. be in hot water = get into hot water = in deep water to be in or get into a difficult situation in which you are in danger of being criticized or punished: He found himself in hot water over his comments about immigration. 9. The sorry ( If someone or something is in a sorry state, they are in a bad state, mentally or physically. so bad as to cause feelings of sympathy: They were a sorry sight, dressed in rags and so weak they could hardly stand up. The fire left Kuwait's oil industry in a sorry state. She is a sorry sight. They were a sorry lot. sorry sight, state, tale, etc. a bad condition or situation: He was a sorry sight when he got home - soaking and covered in mud. ) spectacle 画面, 场面, 场景 of politician after politician turning up at Jones' pad and paying tribute challenged democratic principles and shames us all. I believe they do it out of fear more than respect. The way the pollies see it, there is no real upside in opposing him. Howard, during his long period as prime minister, was keenly aware of Jones' reputation for using his radio show to wield political power. Howard sent a handwritten note to inform Jones he had appointed a senior adviser to act as a special point of contact between "your people" and the prime ministerial office. The adviser became known as "the Minister for Alan Jones". The arrangement, revealed by The Sydney Morning Herald in 2004, was established after the radio broadcaster complained that Howard's government was ignoring his correspondence. 10. 考试错误: He said around halfway through the exam, an examiner 监考老师 told students to disregard two other questions in the paper. Feedback given to the Australian Education Union from a teacher described the food and nutrition paper as "borderline disgraceful" and said there was an issue in copying over the setting examiner's copy to the actual exam paper 考卷. Teachers also described multiple issues with the chemistry paper, including the incorrect use of terms and values. Susan, a parent in southern Tasmania, said her son identified issues in both the chemistry and physics papers. She said this "rattled" him and left him nervous about his upcoming exams. "This is the culmination of 14 years of schooling for some of these kids and they placed a lot of value  and a lot of pride in getting to the end of their schooling and doing a really good job," Susan said. Susan said she wanted transparency from TASC about how the incorrect questions would be graded 计分. A spokesperson for TASC said "specific marking approaches 计分方法 will be developed based on an assessment of how students have responded to the affected questions." "Realistically, [the exams] should have gone through enough rigour at the TASC end to make sure that the exam papers can be answered correctly and smoothly, and that students won't be thrown off 整懵, 懵逼, 打蒙, 晕头转向 by spelling errors or incorrect information." 11. 委屈: feel wrongly accused 冤枉 when you said I ate your chocolate. I feel so wronged (I'll kill you if you wrong my daughter), hurt one's feelings (不说 my feelings are hurt). feel unfairly treated, feel treated differently. feel victimized. Stop playing the victim.

Throw sand in gears VS throw stone: 1. people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones 也不看看自己 This means that you should not criticize other people for bad qualities in their character that you have yourself. used to say that people who have faults should not criticize other people for having the same faults. When will they learn? People in glass houses really shouldn't throw stones. Jim: You shouldn't drive so fast, Jerry! Jerry: Well, didn't you just get a speeding ticket last week? People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones! Maggie: Matt's room is always a mess. He needs to clean more often! Mom: You're room isn’t clean either, Maggie. People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. Because this proverb is so widely known, it is often shortened. Below is an example of this. Kevin: I can't believe Aaron just quit another job. Isn't that the fourth one this year? Kim: And how many jobs have you had this year? People who live in glass houses… You're room isn't clean either, Maggie. People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. 2. "Don't throw sand 惹事, 发脾气, 闹小孩脾气" is a phrase that means to avoid causing problems or preventing something from happening as it should. For example, "I don't want to give them a chance to throw sand in the gears". The phrase "throw sand" can also be used to describe the act of firing off negativity or blaming others for circumstances instead of looking for solutions. This can happen when people fall into "childish thinking" in difficult situations, which can lead to stress, conflict. 3. throw sand in the gears 扰乱, 打乱计划, 打乱行为, 找麻烦 To disrupt, delay, or cause problems to a plan, activity, or project. to cause problems or prevent something from happening as it should: He said "When mobile phone companies charge consumers fat penalties to leave, they're throwing sand in the gears of competition." We had everything in line for the party, but having the caterer cancel on us at the last minute really threw sand in the gears. It will throw sand in the gears if the board decides not to increase our funding for this project. The CEO of the massive conglomerate accused the government of maliciously throwing sand in the gears of its latest acquisition. 4. throw a (monkey) wrench [UK spanner] in(to) the works 打乱, 干扰到计划 To disrupt, foil, or cause problems to a plan, activity, or project. to cause problems for someone's plans. I don't want to throw a monkey wrench in the works, but have you checked your plans with a lawyer? When John suddenly refused to help us, he really threw a monkey wrench in the works. We had everything in line for the party, but having the caterer cancel on us at the last minute really threw a wrench in the works! It'll really throw a monkey wrench into the works if the board decides not to increase our funding for this project. Of course they may not sign the agreement by the sixteenth and that would throw a monkey wrench into the works. Note: Instead of saying the works, people often describe the situation in which the problem is caused. Most health-related problems, of course, are not life-threatening, but they can throw a wrench into an otherwise pleasant holiday. The US delegation threw a giant monkey wrench into the process this week by raising all sorts of petty objections. Note: The usual British expression is throw a spanner in the works. 5. put a spoke in (one's) wheel To disrupt, foil, or cause problems to one's plan, activity, or project. I had everything in line for the party, but having the caterer cancel on me at the last minute really put a spoke in my wheel. It will really put a spoke in our wheel if the board decides not to increase our funding for this project. You would think the rise of cheap electric cars would put a spoke in Big Oil's wheel, but they actually seem to be embracing the change. note: Spoke may be an incorrect translation from Dutch of spaak meaning 'bar' or 'stick'.

完美无瑕的, 完美无缺的: spotless (flawless), immaculate, impeccable, faultless. unblemished 毫无瑕疵的. untarnished (REPUTATION). impeccable: If you describe something such as someone's behaviour or appearance as impeccable, you are emphasizing that it is perfect and has no faults. perfect, with no problems or bad parts: impeccable taste/manners/credentials. His English is impeccable. She had impeccable taste in clothes. Her academic credentials are impeccable. He was impeccably polite. immaculate I. If you describe something as immaculate, you mean that it is extremely clean, tidy, or neat. Her front room was kept immaculate. ...the waiter, dressed in immaculate bow tie and suit. The 1979 Chevrolet is in immaculate condition. As always he was immaculately dressed. II. If you say that something is immaculate, you are emphasizing that it is perfect, without any mistakes or bad parts at all. The goalkeeper's performance was immaculate. The orchestra plays immaculately. It is difficult to praise this immaculately researched work too highly. spotless 一尘不染的 Something that is spotless is completely clean. Each morning cleaners make sure everything is spotless. Even in the most spotless homes, carpets need regular cleaning to keep them looking good. The house had huge, spotlessly clean rooms. spotless character, record, reputation, etc. a very good and honest character, etc.: He was young and confident, with a spotless reputation. If someone's behavior or reputation is spotless, it is extremely good: a spotless career.

vitriol [ˈvɪtrɪəl] VS virile [vɪraɪl; US: ˈvɪrəl] VS visceral [ˈvɪs(ə)rəl]: vitriol [ˈvɪtrɪəl] noun. I. 恶意. 恶毒的话. [disapproval] bitterly harsh or caustic language or criticism. If you refer to what someone says or writes as vitriol, you disapprove of it because it is full of bitterness and hate, and so causes a lot of distress and pain. violent hate and anger expressed through severe criticism: He is a writer who has often been criticized by the press but never before with such vitriol. The vitriol he hurled at members of the press knew no bounds. He has been no stranger to controversy and vitriol during a tumultuous political career. political commentators spewing angry vitriol. Rumor has always played a role in politics, but rarely have the backstage operatives been so adroit, and so cynical, in their use of vitriol. II. a sulfate of any of various metals (such as copper, iron, or zinc). a glassy hydrate of such a sulfate. vitriolic adjective vitriolic personal attacks. If you describe someone's language or behaviour as vitriolic, you disapprove of it because it is full of bitterness and hate, and so causes a lot of distress and pain. There was a vicious and vitriolic attack on him in one of the Sunday newspapers two weeks ago. a vitriolic debate/dispute. vocabulary: Vitriol is harsh, nasty criticism. You may have deserved some blame when the cake didn't rise, but the head chef's stream of vitriol was unnecessary. Back in the day, vitriol was the name for sulfuric acid, which burns through just about anything. So think of vitriol as language so mean-spirited and bitter that it could eat through metal: "As a divorce lawyer, you were familiar with vitriol, but nothing prepared you for the time you wore a Red Sox cap at Yankee Stadium." virile [vɪraɪl; US: ˈvɪrəl] 精力充沛, 活力满满, 有男子汉气概, 男人气的, 有男人味的 adj. [approving] I. If you describe a man as virile, you mean that he has the qualities that a man is traditionally expected to have, such as strength and sexual energy. A virile man, especially a young man, is full of sexual strength and energy in a way that is considered attractive. The ads show virile young men playing on the beach. She likes her men young and virile. He wanted his sons to become strong, virile, and athletic like himself. ...a tall, virile man with rugged good looks. virility [vɪˈrɪlɪti] 男子汉气概 (in a man) the quality of having strength, energy, and a strong sex drive; manliness. "great importance is placed on a man's virility" Children are also considered proof of a man's virility. II. Something that is described as virile is considered to be very strong and forceful. ...Prokofiev's most virile, aggressive music. ...a virile approach to difficulties. virility The strength of national electronics industries has become the new test of industrial virility. vocabulary: You'll often hear the word virile referring to a manly, powerful man, because the word means having physical strength and other typical masculine qualities. When you think of a virile man, you imagine a tough, strong guy who's full of energy, vigor, and sexual potency 性张力(Sexual tension is a common social phenomenon that occurs when two people feel sexual attraction to each other but don't act on it. It's more about the build-up to sex than the act itself.). He's definitely not a wimp. Men admire him and women want to be with him. Superman is one guy who could easily be described as virile. The Man of Steel, with his muscles rippling under the "S" emblazoned on his costume, has superhuman strength and charm. That's why Lois Lane can't keep her eyes — and hands — off him. visceral [ˈvɪs(ə)rəl] 发自内心的, 不受理智控制的. 生理性的 I. based on deep feeling and emotional reactions rather than on reason or thought. Visceral feelings are feelings that you feel very deeply and find it difficult to control or ignore, and that are not the result of thought. I never overcame a visceral antipathy for the monarchy. ...the sheer visceral joy of being alive. visceral hatred/excitement 发自内心的. His approach to acting is visceral rather than intellectual. II. based on emotional reactions rather than on reason or thought: He has a visceral feel for our problems. A visceral reaction is a powerful physical response that happens automatically without conscious control. It can occur when we perceive something as threatening, dangerous, joyous, or any other strong emotion. It can even include bodily responses like increased heart rate, sweating, shaking, and muscle tension. vocabulary: When something's visceral, you feel it in your guts. A visceral feeling is intuitive — there might not be a rational explanation, but you feel that you know what's best, like your visceral reaction against egg salad. Your hatred of mice may not be rational, but it is visceral, and every time you see one, you feel like you're going to faint. And when you had to decide whether you were going to stay in Florida or move to Texas, even though you had a good job in Orlando you had a visceral feeling that Texas would be the right choice . . . and it turned out you were meant to be a rancher! Visceral can also mean "relating to the viscera," with viscera being your organs.

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用法学习: 1. glyphosate [ˈɡlʌɪfə(ʊ)seɪt] 草甘膦, 除草剂 a synthetic compound which is a non-selective systemic herbicide, particularly effective against perennial weeds. a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant. potassium [pə'tæsiəm] 钾 Potassium is a soft silvery-white chemical element, which occurs mainly in compounds. These compounds are used in making such things as glass, soap, and fertilizers. The potassium in asparagus can help to control blood pressure. The glycemic [ɡlaɪˌsiː.mɪk] index (GI) 升糖指数 is a measure of how quickly a food raises blood sugar levels:  A number from 0 to 100 that indicates how much a food raises blood glucose levels compared to pure glucose, which has a GI of 100. Foods with a high GI cause blood sugar to rise quickly, while foods with a low GI release sugar into the blood more slowly. Foods that contain carbohydrates (sugars and starches) have a GI, while foods like oils, fats, and meats do not. A low GI diet can help manage blood sugar levels, reduce cholesterol, and promote short-term weight loss. 2. Rudd spoke sense ( talk sense 说得有道理, 讲话合理 to speak in a reasonable way. If you say that someone talks sense, you mean that what they say is sensible. It's good to hear someone finally talking sense on this issue.) about Trump. It's a vengeful News Corp that has the explaining to do: Malcolm Turnbull, who replaced Rudd as co-chair of the Australians for a Murdoch Royal Commission group when Rudd went to Washington, attacked Murdoch's acolytes( acolyte [ækəlaɪt] 帮凶, 打手 I. An acolyte is a follower or assistant of an important person. Richard Brome, an acolyte of Ben Jonson's, wrote 'The Jovial Crew' in 1641. To his acolytes, he is known simply as 'the Boss'. II. An acolyte is someone who assists a priest in performing certain religious services. anyone who follows or helps another person, or someone who helps a priest in some religious ceremonies When the barge reached the shrine, acolytes removed the pall. ): "This is revenge … this is a campaign that News Corp kicked off, and they are running a vendetta … The question for the Trump adulators ( adulator 谄媚者 a person who obsequiously praises or flatters. adulate [ˈadjʊleɪt] to flatter or praise obsequiously. to admire or praise someone very much, especially when this is more than is deserved: The boxer was convicted of rape, and yet is still adulated by many. obsequious [ɒbsiːkwiəs] [disapproval] adj. If you describe someone as obsequious, you are criticizing them because they are too eager to help or agree with someone more important than them. Perhaps your mother was very obsequious to doctors. Synonyms: servile, flattering, cringing, fawning   More Synonyms of obsequious He smiled and bowed obsequiously to Winger. His tone quickly changed from obsequiousness to outright anger. vocabulary: If you disapprove of the overly submissive way someone is acting — like the teacher's pet or a celebrity's assistant — call them by the formal adjective obsequious. There are many words in the English language for a person or an action that is overly obedient and submissive. Obsequious people are usually not being genuine; they resort to flattery and other fawning ways to stay in the good graces of authority figures. An obsequious person can be called a bootlicker, a brownnoser or a toady. You can also say that someone gives an obsequious bow, a gesture that means, "your wish is my command." ) in the right-wing media ecosystem in Australia is whether they want our representative in Washington to stand up for Australia, or join the ranks of the Trump sycophants." Only a small-minded nation would withdraw an ambassador for fear the diplomat might be unacceptable to an incoming administration. Hard-headed diplomacy is required, not craven ( craven [kreɪvən] 懦弱无能的 adj. [written, disapproval] Someone who is craven is very cowardly: a craven act of terrorism. Politicians are too craven to tackle this problem. They condemned the deal as a craven surrender. ...his craven obedience to his employers. ) sycophancy 巴结奉承. 3. a fine/pretty kettle of fish 乱局, 乱象 An unpleasant or messy predicament Well, that's a pretty kettle of fish. I thought I paid the credit card bill, but it turns out that I missed the due date by a week. They haven't spoken in years, and they're assigned to adjoining seats-that's a fine kettle of fish. He found out about my involvement and is using it to blackmail me—isn't that a fine kettle of fish? Well, isn't that a fine kettle of fish? Every time we win, so does the team we're competing against for that last playoff spot. Note: This term is believed to come from a Scottish custom of holding a riverside picnic, itself called a "kettle of fish," where freshly caught live salmon are thrown into a kettle boiling over an open fire and then are eaten out of hand, definitely a messy procedure. a different/another kettle of fish A very different matter or issue, not necessarily a bad one. They're paying for the meal? That's a different kettle of fish. fish and company stink/smell after three days 待时间长了惹人嫌 proverb One should not remain in some place as someone's guest for too long or else one's company will cease being desirable or enjoyable. (Fish that are not fresh typically have a very strong odor.) After the cool reception I received at breakfast, I was reminded of the adage "Fish and company stink after three days." Grandma has been super welcoming, but I think it's probably best if we head out tonight. Fish and company stink after three days. I truly didn't expect to stay with Jenn and her family for so long. After all, my parents raised me on the idea that fish and company stink after three days. and company You can say and company after mentioning a person's name, to refer also to the people who are associated with that person. and other people: K. Branagh and co. achieved great success in a very short time. and Company = & Co = and Co words used as part of the name of a company that is owned by more than one person: Five new Tiffany and Company boutiques were opened. 4. war game I. War games are military exercises that are carried out for the purpose of training, and that are designed to imitate a real war as closely as possible. II. A war game is a game in which model soldiers are used to recreate battles that happened in the past. War games can also be played on computers. The announcement came after several busy days of nominations from the Trump camp, which has been war-gaming what the next White House will look like from the president-elect's private Palm Beach club, Mar-a-Lago. wiki: A wargame is a strategy game in which two or more players command opposing armed forces in a simulation of an armed conflict. Wargaming may be played for recreation, to train military officers in the art of strategic thinking, or to study the nature of potential conflicts. Many wargames re-create specific historic battles, and can cover either whole wars, or any campaigns, battles, or lower-level engagements within them. Many simulate land combat, but there are wargames for naval, air combat, and cyber as well as many that combine various domains. 5. In British English, a lido [ˈliːdoʊ] [ˈlaɪdoʊ] is a public outdoor swimming pool and surrounding facilities, or part of a beach where people can swim, lie in the sun, or participate in water sports. On a cruise ship or ocean liner, the lido deck ( She runs an "anti-woke" PR firm and described the jockeying for White House positions going on at Trump's sprawling Florida estate as "like House of Cards on the lido deck". ) features outdoor pools and related facilities. Lido, an Italian word for "beach", forms part of the place names of several Italian seaside towns known for their beaches, such as Lido di Venezia, the barrier beach enclosing the Venetian Lagoon. "Meet me on the lido deck" is a phrase you'll hear often on your cruise -- and a sentence you might utter yourself. But what exactly is the lido deck, apart from its prominent marking on the cruise-ship map? The name comes from Italian roots; a lido refers to a public outdoor swimming pool, or a beach where people gather to swim. Accordingly, the lido deck is traditionally the ship deck that is home to the outdoor swimming pool, and adjacent bars and dining options. 6. Trump Transitioning: Trump dines at a table that has been roped off 圈起来, although that doesn't stop people from sidling up in an attempt to gain his ear. Attendees dine on roasted octopus 烤鱿鱼 and scallops, lamb shanks, Wagyu steak, branzino, tuna tartar and — among the most popular dishes, according to Ms Rein Lively — braised cabbage. Before sitting down to eat, the whole crowd recites the pledge of allegiance. Mr Leamer said Trump has long felt relaxed inside his "presidential palace". striation [straɪˈeɪ.ʃən] a long, thin line, mark, or strip of colour. a pattern of lines or grooves on the surface of something What has caused the striations in this rock? stria [ˈstraɪə] I. = striation geology any of the parallel scratches or grooves on the surface of a rock caused by abrasion resulting from the passage of a glacier, motion on a fault surface, etc. II. fine ridges and grooves on the surface of a crystal caused by irregular growth. III. biology, anatomy a narrow band of colour or a ridge, groove, or similar linear mark, usually occurring in a parallel series. IV. a narrow channel, such as a flute on the shaft of a column. striated muscle 纵横交错的肌肉块(横纹肌) muscle tissue that is marked by transverse dark and light bands, is made up of elongated usually multinucleated fibers, and includes skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and most muscle of arthropods. smooth muscle 平滑肌 muscle tissue that lacks cross striations, is made up of elongated spindle-shaped cells having a central nucleus, and is found especially in vertebrate hollow organs and structures (such as the digestive tract and bladder) as thin sheets performing functions not subject to direct voluntary control and in all or most of the musculature of invertebrates other than arthropods. Non-striated 非横纹的 means without striations, or unstriped. In the context of muscle, non-striated refers to muscle that lacks sarcomeres, which are bands or stripes. Skeletal muscle 骨骼肌 (commonly referred to as muscle) is one of the three types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being cardiac muscle 心肌 and smooth muscle. They are part of the voluntary muscular system and typically are attached by tendons to bones of a skeleton. The skeletal muscle cells are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are also known as muscle fibers. The tissue of a skeletal muscle is striated – having a striped appearance due to the arrangement of the sarcomeres. 7. codify [ˈkəʊdɪfʌɪ] I. 入法. 写入法律. 立法. arrange (laws or rules) into a systematic code. to arrange something, such as laws or rules, into a system.  to organize and write a law or system of laws. "the statutes have codified certain branches of common law". to arrange something such as laws or rules into a formal system for people to follow. If you codify a set of rules, you define them or present them in a clear and ordered way. The latest draft of the agreement codifies the panel's decision. The codification of the laws began in the 1840s. The essential function of our organization is to codify best banking practice. codify sth into sth We don't object to better standards, but we don't want them codified into state law. In September 1992, Carson appeared in an advertisement opposing Maryland Question 6, a referendum on a bill to codify the Roe v. Wade decision, in which he said he opposed abortion and would refer patients seeking the procedure to other doctors. II. arrange according to a plan or system. "this would codify existing intergovernmental cooperation on drugs". 8. dexterity [dekˈster.ə.ti] 心灵手巧 I. the ability to perform a difficult action quickly and skilfully with the hands: with dexterity He caught the ball with great dexterity. Young children lack the dexterity to brush their teeth effectively. II. the ability to think quickly and effectively or do something difficult extremely well: with the dexterity of He answered the reporters' questions with all the dexterity 熟稔, 娴熟 of a politician. vocal dexterity The duo's vocal dexterity is something to behold. manual dexterity someone's ability to use the hands to perform a difficult action skilfully and quickly so that it looks easy. dexterous = dextrous [ˈdek.strəs] I. having the ability to perform a difficult action quickly and skilfully with the hands: a dexterous movement. Baseball players have to be fast and dexterous. Raccoons have highly dexterous 灵巧的 front feet that are shaped like human hands. II. 反应快的. having the ability to think quickly and effectively or to do something difficult extremely well: She was lively and dexterous intellectually. He is a dexterous debater who deals swiftly with interrogators. turn the tide = the tide turns 转运, 时来运转, 改变命运, 运气上升 to reverse the general course of events. used to say that someone's luck is changed The team was on a losing streak, but then the tide turned and they went on to win the championship. Things begin to change (in favor of someone or something). For years now, it's felt like the working class has been the hostage of the rich elite, but the tide finally seems to be turning. The tide turned, though, when the team's star defensive tackle recovered a fumble and ran it back for a touchdown. the trend changed from one thing to another. We planned our investments to take advantage of the growth of the stock market. Then the tide turned and we lost buckets of money. For a long time there has been little political freedom, but slowly the tide is turning. 9. have two left feet to move in a very awkward way when dancing: When we danced together, I discovered he had two left feet. used to describe a person who dances badly My wife is a good dancer, but I've got two left feet. In human biology, footedness is the natural preference of one's left or right foot for various purposes. It is the foot equivalent of handedness 左撇子右撇子. While purposes vary, such as applying the greatest force in a certain foot to complete the action of kick as opposed to stomping, footedness is most commonly associated with the preference of a particular foot in the leading position while engaging in foot- or kicking-related sports, such as association football and kickboxing. A person may thus be left-footed, right-footed or ambipedal (able to use both feet equally well). loosey-goosey adjective informal North American I. imprecise, disorganized, or excessively relaxed. comfortable and relaxed: The show possesses a loosey-goosey freedom, creating a style of comedy that sets it apart from similar shows. The movie is aiming for the loosey-goosey chaos of the old Looney Tunes cartoons. "other guys can goof around, be all loosey-goosey before a game". II. not careful, accurate, or exact enough, or not tightly controlled: a loosey-goosey attitude. This idea is way too loosey-goosey to get past a curriculum committee. We can tackle the problem, as long as we don't have that loosey-goosey regulation that we had in the past. 10. time hangs/lies heavy on your hands 百无聊赖, 无事可做, 无所事事 if time hangs or lies heavy on your hands, it seems to pass slowly because you are bored or have nothing to do. you might say "time hangs heavy on one's hands" when someone is sitting with nothing to do or waiting for an appointment. The phrase compares the passage of time to a burdensome weight. She adjusted quite well to the nursing home, except that she says time hangs heavy on her hands. heavy schedule 紧密行程, 忙碌行程 There will be a heavy promotional schedule from March onwards. Despite this heavy schedule, she took good care of her child. time heavy: 需要很多时间. 花费很多时间. "This car is heavy on petrol"
"The woman is going heavy on the ketchup". "The engine is heavy on fuel 耗油". "His movies are light/low on talk and heavy on action". "She tends to be heavy on the salt 吃很多盐". be/go heavy on something to use a lot of something: The engine is heavy on fuel. You are going heavy on chicken salt. You can never have enough of chicken salt.

Oktoberfest Love Story: Mandy decided she wasn't going to wait around for the fates to conspire 命运之门开启, hoping against the odds their paths might cross again. She was going to make it happen — going to ensure they saw each other for a second time. Mandy enjoyed all aspects of the festival — from dressing up in her dirndl to enjoying "heartwarming Bavarian folk music" — but it was the pervading ( 无处不在的.  omnipresent; felt everywhere Throughout the book there is a pervading sense of menace. There is a pervading atmosphere of gloom in the film. The pervading feeling is that economic recovery is near. pervade 无孔不入 When qualities, characteristics, or smells pervade a place or thing, they spread through it and are present in every part of it. to spread through all parts of something: The influence of the early jazz musicians pervades American music. The film movie is a reflection of the violence that pervades our culture. If something pervades a place or thing, it is a noticeable feature throughout it. The smell of sawdust and glue pervaded the factory. ...the corruption that pervades every stratum of the country. Throughout the book there is a pervading sense of menace. ) atmosphere of "togetherness, joy" that appealed to Mandy the most. For Mandy, this was epitomised in the festival's romantic origin story. She cleared a bit of space on the bench next to her, and Rags sat down. He was wearing a bright blue T-shirt that said, "Super Drinker" in Superman-esque font. It was slightly too tight, riding up 鼓起来, 翘起来 at the front. This was undoubtedly a questionable fashion choice, but Mandy let it slide. She was instantly intrigued by Rags — even as she wondered if she'd heard his name right. The two stayed out into the early hours. But then "it was over quite abruptly," as Mandy puts it. "I was suddenly like, 'I need to open up work'. Meanwhile, Rags needed to jump into the car with his friends and go back to London. We both got flung into reality 拉回现实 quickly." Rags accompanied Mandy to her restaurant, where she fiddled with the keys to open the doors and where they said goodbye — reluctantly and quickly — only just remembering to share email addresses before parting ways. He extolled ( If you extol something or someone, you praise them enthusiastically. Now experts are extolling the virtues of the humble potato. They kept extolling my managerial skills. ) the virtues 好处, 优点 of New Zealand — not just incredible landscapes but a higher quality of life for Mandy and her son. Mandy was sold, and the couple started planning a move across the globe. "Navigating that kind of grief together wasn't easy and took a very long time — years actually, Mandy says. "But Rags was unwavering. His loyalty, patience, forgiveness, and boundless love held us together when things were toughest or I was wanting to quit. Slowly, with his support, we found a way through the darkness." This was one of the "saddest times" in their lives, Mandy says. But as time went on, she says the couple "emerged stronger, with an even deeper bond".

GPs are fighting 'pseudo beauty wellness' companies for access to IV fluids (Intravenous (IV) fluids): Australia has been grappling with a global shortfall of IV fluids like saline and sodium lactate solution, essential medicines used across the sector from treating dehydration to helping patients in intensive and post-operative care. "We're having to ration care 省着用, and that means we are making some difficult choices about who or what medical condition is more deserving of this IV therapy. "It's a very uncomfortable position to be in, and in modern day Australia it shouldn't be happening." For Tamara, the use of IV fluids has been nothing short of life changing. She was using one to two litres of IV fluids a day to treat her condition, describing it as her "best symptom management technique outside of all of the medications." But she is now unable to access any bags from suppliers at an affordable price. Higher-than-expected demand and manufacturing constraints have fuelled the global supply shortages. Since the shortage hit, criticism has been levelled at the federal government as Australian manufacturers have struggled to plug the gap. "It is frustrating that sterile salt water — saline [UK: ˈseɪlʌɪn. US: ˈseɪliːn] 生理盐水, we call it — is in short supply in Australia," Denise Lyons said. Doctors are fighting against "pseudo medical wellness" companies for access to IV fluids amid a worldwide shortage, as sourcing the essential medicine continues to prove a challenge. A fixture on the arms of social media influencers and celebrities, IV vitamin therapy promises anti-ageing benefits, supercharged immunity and enhanced energy for hundreds of dollars a session. Wellness companies offer IV vitamin drips 点滴, 输液 which promise anti-ageing benefits and enhanced energy.