用法学习： 1. quit on someone I. [for something] 撂挑子(放鸽子 cancel on sb. bail on sb.) to quit while someone is using it. This stupid car quit on me. I hope this thing doesn't quit on me. Don't you quit on me?. II. [for one] to leave one's job, usually suddenly or unannounced. Wally, the park supervisor, quit on us at the last minute. My assistant quit on me. quit while one is ahead to stop doing something while one is still successful. When will I learn to quit while I'm ahead? Get into the market. Make some money and get out. Quit while you're ahead. high note noun. 见好就收. a successful point in an event or period of time: He wants to end his managerial career on a high note. get (out) while the gettin(g)'s good and get (out) while the goin(g)'s good 见好就收. 激流勇退. to leave while it is still safe or possible to do so. I could tell that it was time for me to get while the gettin's good. I told her she should get out while the gain's good. the whole time 自始至终, 强调一个时间段, 从一开始就. VS all the time 一直, 始终, 总是, 强调永远 "The whole time," means for entire duration of a specific time period, x happened. "All the time," means something happens quite frequently, at all times. Was he just using me the whole time? We went on vacation, and the whole time the weather was fine. (For the duration of the vacation, the weather was fine). The weather is nice in Florida all the time. (The weather is good very frequently in Florida). He knew this the whole time 早就知道, just he didn't want to tell you the truth. some people (just) don't know when to quit/stop/give up I. You, or someone being talked about, should stop doing something, such as talking, arguing, scolding, etc. (often directed toward the person being addressed.) Bill: I hate to say it again, but that lipstick is all wrong for you. It brings out the wrong color in your eyes, and it makes your mouth larger than it really is. Jane: Oh, stop, stop! That's enough! Some people just don't know when to quit. John: Those bushes out in the backyard need trimming需要修建. Sally: You keep criticizing! Is there no end to it有完没完了, 有没有完了? Some people don't know when to stop! II. Some people do not know when to slow down and stop working so hard. Jane: He just kept on gambling. Finally, he had no money left. Sally: Some people don't know when to quit. 3. fuddle ['fʌdəl] 迷惑不解, 迷糊了. 摸不清头脑了. 困惑了. vb. I. (tr; often passive) to cause to be confused or intoxicated. II. (intr) to drink excessively; tipple. mosaic-blurred [məu'zeiik] 马赛克处理过的, 加了马赛克的 images. Mosaic-blur removal去除马赛克. Un-blurring mosaic-blurred images. 4. set/lay/clay eyes on someone or something Fig. to see someone or something for the first time. Everyone keeps talking about Patrick, but I've never clapped eyes on the man. I knew when I set eyes on that car that it was the car for me. Have you ever laid eyes on such a beautiful flower? only have eyes for someone 钟情于, 只爱, 只看得上眼 Fig. [to be] loyal to only one person, in the context of romance. to be interested in or attracted to only one person. You've no need to be jealous. I only have eyes for you. Oh, Jane! I only have eyes for you! Don't waste any time on Tom. He only has eyes for Ann. with an eye to: with the intention or consideration of. run one's eye over上下打量: to examine hastily. give someone the eye 递眼色: to give someone a flirtatious or warning glance. make eyes 抛媚眼: to glance flirtatiously; ogle. have an eye for留神: to be discerning about. be all eyes特别留意: to be extremely attentive. keep one's eyes open: to be especially alert or observant. 4. c#: Unsafe code can run faster than a corresponding safe implementation. In this case, the code would have required a nested loop with array indexing and bounds checking. An unsafe C# method may also be faster than calling an external C function, since there is no overhead 开销, 消耗 associated with leaving the managed execution environment. 5. meanie, meany ['mi:ni] 坏人, 恶人 I. Chiefly Brit a miserly or stingy person. II. Chiefly US a nasty ill-tempered person. A malicious or petty person. flutter v. To flap or wave quickly but irregularly. To wave or flap rapidly in an irregular manner: curtains that fluttered in the breeze. flags fluttering in the wind. I. The act of fluttering. II. A state of agitation. III. An abnormal rapid pulsation of the heart. IV. (UK) A small bet or risky investment. a small bet (= money risked), especially on a horse race: Auntie Paula likes to have a bit of a flutter on the horses. "Oh, by the way, I heard of a rather good thing today, New Kleinfonteins; it's a gold mine in Rhodesia. If you'd like to have a flutter you might make a bit.". flutter in the dovecote (idiomatic) A disturbance, usually one caused within a prescribed group of people. put/set the cat among the pigeons (idiomatic) To cause alarm. 6. rashy I. exhibiting a rash. What is this dry, rashy patch on my neck? II. mixed or layered with impurities(杂质, 不纯洁的东西). rash adj. 仓促的. acting too quickly without considering the negative effects and consequences; not careful; hasty. Characterized by or resulting from ill-considered haste or boldness. n. I. (medicine) An area of reddened, irritated, and inflamed skin. A skin eruption. II. A surge in problems; a spate, string or trend. An outbreak of many instances within a brief period: There has been a rash of vandalism lately. a rash of burglaries. blow your top 发疯, 发狂, 发飙, 暴怒 to become very angry. Arley invited us to visit her in Italy, and when my wife said it was impossible for her to go, I blew my top. Almost all bosses blow their tops once in a while. go ballistic and go postal Fig. to become irrationally enraged. (Ballistic refers to a missile launching; postal refers to an enraged post office employee attacking those at his place of work.) The boss went ballistic when he saw my expense report. She was so mad, I thought she was going to go postal. go into orbit I. Lit. [for a rocket, satellite, etc.] to rotate around a heavenly body in a fixed path. The satellite went into orbit just as planned. When did the moon go into orbit? II. Fig. [for someone] to get very excited. She was so upset, she went into orbit. Todd went into orbit when he heard the price. 7. discerning [di'sɜ:niŋ] 有判断力的, 明事理的, 知道是非的, 明辨是非的 adj having or showing good taste or judgment; discriminating. Exhibiting keen insight and good judgment; perceptive. She is very discerning, she knows what's right thing to do. discern someone or something from something (else) 分辨, 辨别 to detect the difference between someone or something and something else. I can hardly discern Tom from the busy background in this picture. I can't discern anything from that cluttered scene. discern something from someone or something to learn or determine something from someone or something. We discerned a lot from the eyewitnesses. We discerned a lot from our discussions with the past president. snippy 坏脾气的, 没有耐心的 irritable; impatient; short-tempered. This is my snippy wife. giraffe [dʒi'rɑ:f -'ræf] 长颈鹿(hangover III中Allen买了一个giraffe, 放在车上往回走的路上, 脖子被天桥打断了) An African ruminant mammal (Giraffa camelopardalis) having a very long neck and legs, a tan coat with orange-brown to black blotches, and short horns. It is the tallest land animal, often reaching a height of 5 meters (16 1/2 feet), and feeds principally by browsing in the tree canopy of wooded grasslands. 8. crow's feet 鱼尾纹, 眼角皱纹: a wrinkle in the skin at the outer corner of your eyes. inclement [in'klɛmənt] adj I. (of weather) stormy, severe, or tempestuous. inclement weather. II. harsh, severe, or merciless. Showing no clemency; unmerciful. Barring inclement weather the trip is on. barring 除非: Apart from the occurrence of; excepting: Barring strong headwinds, the plane will arrive on schedule.
A Place To Call Home: 1. Returning to Sydney after twenty years in Europe, nurse Sarah Adams becomes entangled in the lives of wealthy Australian pastoralist ['pɑ:stərəlist] 牧场主 family, the Blighs. matriarch ['meitriɑ:k] n. 女家长, 高雅的老妇人. 老太君. 老佛爷, 女当家的. a woman who dominates an organization, community, etc. Matriarchy ['meitri,ɑ:ki] 母权 is a society in which females, especially mothers, have the central roles of political leadership, moral authority, and control of property. It is also sometimes called a gynarchy( gynarchy ['dʒai,nɑ:ki 'gai-] a form of government by a woman or women. gynecocracy), a gynocracy, a gynecocracy, or a gynocentric society 母系社会, 母权社会. The term for males is patriarchy ['peitri,ɑ:ki] 父权社会, 父系社会, but, in feminist theory, it is not exactly a parallel term. podiatry [po'di:ətri] podiatrist[pə'daiətrist] chiropody = podiatry [ki'ropədi] n. the treatment of the feet, esp the treatment of corns, verrucas, etc.. pediatrician = paediatrician =pediatrist [,pi:diə'triʃən]儿科医生 pediatrics = paediatrics [,pi:di'ætriks] gynaecology US, gynecology [,gaini'kolədʒi] gynecologist [,gaini'kolədʒist] 妇科医生. monarchy ['monəki] 君主立宪制(constitutional monarchy.).
a form of government in which supreme authority is vested in a single
and usually hereditary figure, such as a king, and whose powers can vary
from those of an absolute despot to those of a figurehead. monarch [ˈmonək] 君主 a sovereign head of state, esp a king, queen, or emperor, who rules usually by hereditary right. anarchy ['ænəki] 政治混乱, 无政府状态, 无法无天 Anarchism n.
(Government, Politics & Diplomacy) general lawlessness and disorder,
esp when thought to result from an absence or failure of government. There would be anarchy if we had no police. hierarchy ['haiə,rɑ:ki] 政体, 政治制度, 政治结构 I. a system of persons or things arranged in a graded order. II. A body of persons having authority. A series in which each element is graded or ranked: put honesty first in her hierarchy of values. aristocrat 贵族, 统治者 I. A member of a ruling class or of the nobility. II. A person having the tastes, manners, or other characteristics of the aristocracy: a natural aristocrat who insists on the best accommodations. III. A person who advocates government by an aristocracy. IV. One considered the best of its kind: the aristocrat of cars. aristocratic [,æristə'krætik] adj I. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) relating to or characteristic of aristocracy or an aristocrat. II. elegant or stylish in appearance and behaviour. aristocracy [,æri'stokrəsi] n 贵族阶层, 统治阶级. a privileged class of people usually of high birth; the nobility.
scrape/rush/squeeze词组: scrape into something 挤进(决赛), 险进 to achieve a position by a very small number of votes or points. to succeed in entering with difficulty or by a narrow margin. He only just scraped into university. The team scraped into the final with a 2–1 win. scrimp and save and pinch and scrape 节俭, 节省, 省钱 to be very thrifty; to live on very little money, often in order to save up for something. We had to scrimp and save in order to send the children to college. The Smiths pinched and scraped all year in order to go on a Caribbean cruise. bow and scrape 卑躬屈膝, 低三下四 to try too hard to please someone in a position of authority (often in continuous tenses) It's embarrassing to see staff bowing and scraping to the new Prime Minister. scrape the barrel (informal) to use something or someone that you do not want to use because nothing or no one else is available (usually in continuous tenses) You know you're really scraping the barrel when you have to ask your old mother to come to the cinema with you. scrape the bottom of the barrel 吃剩饭, 矬子里拔将军 to select from among the worst; to choose from what is left over. You've bought a bad-looking car. You really scraped the bottom of the barrel to get that one. The worker you sent over was the worst I've ever seen. Send me another—and don't scrape the bottom of the barrel. scrape by 险过, 游走在边缘. 将将够, 艰难度日 I. to have only enough money to buy the basic things you need to live Even with both of us working, we earn just enough to scrape by. II. to come very close to failing. She only scraped by in the last election and no one expects her to win this time. scrape together something 凑齐, 凑够, 凑钱, 凑足, 凑出 to gather something that is not easily available, esp. money. He managed to scrape together $20 for the train and came back home. Many immigrants have difficulty scraping enough money together for the application. Usage notes: also in the form scrape up something: Somehow these families managed to scrape up the tuition fee. scare up something to find or obtain something that is not easily available. At the very least, I'm sure he'll have some original ideas on how to scare up some cash. We discovered it was impossible to scare up an audience for the game. rig something up 拼凑, 勉强凑齐, 因陋就简的 to prepare something, perhaps on short notice or without the proper materials. We don't have what's needed to make the kind of circuit you have described, but I think we can rig something up anyway. We will rig up whatever you need. rush in (to something) I. to run or hurry into a thing or a place. Everyone rushed into the shelter when the rain started. They all rushed in at once. II. to begin doing something without the proper preparation. Don't rush into this job without thinking it through. Mary rushed in without thinking. have a scrape (with someone or something) 有摩擦, 发生不快 Fig. to come into contact with someone or something; to have a small battle with someone or something. I had a scrape with the county sheriff. John and Bill had a scrape, but they are friends again now. rush someone to the hospital 紧急送医, 紧急就医 to take someone to the hospital very quickly. They had to rush her to the hospital because she had stopped breathing. We rushed Uncle Harry to the hospital after he complained of chest pains. rush something into print 紧急付印 to print up something hastily. The story was so timely that the newspaper editor rushed it into print without checking all the details. We will rush the book into print as soon as the author finishes. rush at someone or something 冲向 to run at or charge toward someone or something. The dog rushed at us and scared us to death. Mary rushed at the door, but it slammed shut before she got there. rush for something to hurry to something. All the people rushed for the exits when the game was over. We rushed for the picnic tables as soon as they said that lunch was ready. rush hour the period of time when heavy traffic is moving into or out of a city. This is the slowest rush hour I have ever been in. Traffic is almost in gridlock. rush off (from some place) 冲出去 to hurry away from some place. I'm sorry, but I will have to rush off from this meeting before it's over. Mary had to rush off before the party was over. rush/run on something a large demand for something. There was a rush on bottled water 大量需求, 抢购 during the drought. During the hot summer, there was a run on air conditioners. rush to someone or something to hurry to get to someone, something, or some event. I rushed to the injured man to try to help him. We all rushed to the office to see what had happened. rush to conclusions to try to reach a conclusion too fast, probably with insufficient evidence; to jump to conclusions. I hope that you don't rush to any conclusions. I can explain this. I'm afraid you are rushing to conclusions when you speak of canceling the performance. [run around/rush around etc.] like a blue-arsed fly 忙的团团转 (British & Australian informal) to move around quickly trying to finish your work when you are very busy I've been running around like a blue-arsed fly trying to get everything organized before I go on holiday. a (sudden) rush of blood (to the head) 头脑发热, 血往上冲 if you have a rush of blood to the head, you suddenly feel very excited or very angry, and do or say something silly Thomson was sent off for head-butting Gray in a rush of blood to the head. be run/rushed off your feet to have to work very hard or very fast There's only one secretary working for the whole accounts department and the poor woman is run off her feet. We weren't exactly rushed off our feet - there was only one visitor all afternoon. Fools rush in (where angels fear to tread). something that you say which means that stupid people do things without thinking about them enough Alan volunteered to be chairman and now he regrets it. Fools rush in, is all I can say. not suffer fools gladly to become angry with people you think are stupid Jim's a fair boss, but he doesn't suffer fools gladly. the bum's rush (American informal) the action of getting rid of someone who is not wanted。 The photographer was given the bum's rush by two policemen guarding the office. Why do I feel I'm getting the bum's rush? Where are you off to? throw in something to include something extra If you subscribe now, the phone company throws in 90 days of free Internet access. She would throw some French fries in to keep the customers happy. throw/include something into the bargain 送赠品 to include something extra in a deal. To encourage me to buy a new car, the car dealer threw a free radio into the bargain. If you purchase three pounds of chocolates, I'll throw one pound of salted nuts into the bargain. She threw in a free calendar. throw yourself into something to do something with a lot of energy and enthusiasm. to cast or hurl someone or something into something. The cops threw Max into jail again. The warden opened the cell door and threw in the prisoner. We threw the aluminum cans in the bin. I threw myself into the Spanish classes and after three months I could carry on a simple conversation. throw something into sharp relief 突出, 使得显眼 Fig. [for something] to make something plainly evident or clearly visible. The dull, plain background threw the ornate settee into sharp relief. The red vase was thrown into sharp relief against the black background. throw something into the pot if you throw an idea or a subject into the pot, you suggest it for discussion Right, I think we've had enough talk of education. Does anyone have anything else they want to throw into the pot?
单词学习: 1. The chayote( [tʃɑ:'jəutei tʃai'əuti] 源自西班牙语 佛手瓜, 又叫choko) (Sechium edule), also known as christophene or christophine, cho-cho, mirliton or merleton (Creole/Cajun), chuchu (Brazil), Cidra (Antioquia, Caldas, Quindio and Risaralda regions of Colombia), Guatila (Boyacá and Valle del Cauca regions of Colombia), Centinarja (Malta), Pipinola (Hawaii), pear squash, vegetable pear, chouchoute, choko, güisquil (El Salvador) is an edible plant belonging to the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, along with melons, cucumbers and squash. Chayote is originally native to Mexico or Central America
where it grows abundantly and has little commercial value, and it has
been introduced as a crop all over Latin America, and worldwide. The chayote fruit is used in mostly cooked forms. When cooked, chayote is usually handled like summer squash, it is generally lightly cooked to retain the crisp flavor. Though rare and often regarded as especially unpalatable and tough in texture, raw chayote may be added to salads or salsas, most often marinated with lemon or lime juice. Whether raw or cooked, chayote is a good source of amino acids and vitamin C. Although most people are familiar only with the fruit as being edible, the root, stem, seeds and leaves are as well. 2. Squashes南瓜属于squash的一种 generally refer to four species of the genus Cucurbita, some varieties of which are also called marrows (mainly in English). These species include C. maxima (hubbard squash, buttercup squash, some varieties of prize pumpkins, such as Big Max), C. mixta (cushaw squash), C. moschata (butternut squash), and C. pepo (most pumpkins, acorn squash, summer squash, courgette). In North America, squash is loosely grouped into summer squash or winter squash, depending on whether they are harvested as immature fruit (summer squash) or mature fruit (autumn squash or winter squash). Gourds are from the same family as squashes. Well known types of squash include the pumpkin and zucchini. Giant squash are derived from Cucurbita maxima and are routinely grown to weights nearing those of giant pumpkins. For more details, refer to list of gourds and squashes. Summer squashes, including courgette(The zucchini or courgette is a summer squash which can reach nearly a meter in length, but which is usually harvested at half that size or less.), pattypan and yellow crookneck are harvested during the growing season, while the skin is still soft and the fruit rather small; they are eaten almost immediately and require little to no cooking. Winter squashes (such as butternut, Hubbard, buttercup, ambercup, acorn, spaghetti squash and pumpkin) are harvested at maturity, generally the end of summer, cured to further harden the skin, and stored in a cool place for eating later. They generally require longer cooking time than summer squashes. 3. Chrysanthemums, often called mums or chrysanths菊花(daisy是菊科的一种, 菊科包括向日葵等 Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, or sunflower family), are an exceedingly large and widespread family of Angiospermae. ). Modern cultivated chrysanthemums are much more showy than their wild relatives. The flowers occur in various forms, and can be daisy-like, decorative, pompons or buttons. Chrysanthemums are divided into two basic groups, garden hardy and exhibition. Garden hardy mums are new perennials capable of being wintered over in the ground in most northern latitudes. Exhibition varieties are not usually as sturdy. Garden hardies are defined by their ability to produce an abundance of small blooms with little if any mechanical assistance (i.e., staking) and withstanding wind and rain. Exhibition varieties, though, require staking, overwintering in a relatively dry, cool environment, and sometimes the addition of night lights. 4. slam n. I. 读诗会. a competitive, usu. boisterous poetry reading. a poetry competition in which people recite their poems and are judged by the audience. II. (Group Games / Bridge) a. the winning of all (grand slam) or all but one (little or small slam小满贯) of the 13 tricks at bridge or whist. b. the bid to do so in bridge v. I. to shut with force and noise: to slam the door. an instance of something slamming down or slamming shut, or the noise made by this. She put the phone down with a slam 摔倒桌子上, 摔电话. slam the door shut: She slammed the door shut in his face. slam shut: The heavy gate slammed shut. vi. to shut, stop, or make an impact with force and noise: The truck slammed into the wall. He slammed the groceries down on the table 扔在桌子上, 摔在桌子上, 甩在桌子上. She slammed the brakes on. The bicycle slammed into a tree. II. to hit, push, block, etc., so as to cause a violent noise (often fol. by on): If you slam on the brakes, the car will skid. III. to dash, strike, throw, etc., with violent, noisy impact: She slammed the book on the table. shut/slam the door in someone's face to rudely tell or show someone that you are not interested in listening to their opinion or in helping them. He's had the door slammed in his face by every publisher in town. wiki: A poetry slam诗歌朗诵比赛 is a competition at which poets read or recite original work. These performances are then judged on a numeric scale by previously selected members of the audience. In a poetry slam, members of the audience are chosen by an M.C. or host to act as judges for the event. In the standard slam, there are five judges. After each poet performs, each judge awards a score 给个分数, 打个分数 to that poem. Scores generally range between zero and ten. The highest and lowest score are dropped 去掉最高分和最低分, giving each performance a rating between zero and thirty points. Before the competition begins, the host will often bring up a "sacrificial" poet, whom the judges will score in order to calibrate their judging 统一给分标准. A single round at a standard slam consists of performances by all eligible poets. Most slams last multiple rounds, and many involve the elimination of lower-scoring poets in successive rounds. An elimination rubric might run 8-4-2; eight poets in the first round, four in the second, and two in the last. Some slams do not eliminate poets at all. 5. A spider 亚洲用的笊篱 (skimmer 勺子状的, 漏勺, basket炸薯条用的大个的, strainer茶等用的小过滤器, sieve筛子(spider也可以叫kitchen sieve)) ( 笊篱, 笊籬, colander 是那种碗状的笊篱. A colander = cullander [ˈkʌləndə(r)] 滤干器, 碗状的笊篱 (pasta strainer or kitchen sieve) is a bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food such as pasta or rice. The perforated nature of the colander allows liquid to drain through while retaining the solids inside. It is sometimes also called a pasta strainer or kitchen sieve.
Conventionally, colanders are made of a light metal 轻金属, such as aluminium
or thinly rolled stainless steel 不锈钢. Colanders are also made of plastic,
silicone, ceramic, and enamelware. Conventionally, colanders are made of a light metal, such as aluminium or thinly rolled stainless steel. Colanders are also made of plastic, silicone, ceramic, and enamelware. A cast iron chip pan 炸薯条用的铸铁锅 with an aluminium basket 铝笊篱 being used to fry chips.) is a type of skimmer used in Asian and Dutch cooking in the form of a wide shallow wire-mesh basket with a long handle, used for removing hot food from a liquid or skimming foam off when making broths. The name is derived from the wire pattern, which looks like a spider's web. Unlike sieves(sieve) 筛子 or strainers过滤器, which have fine mesh screens for straining away liquids as food is retrieved, the spider can be used as a strainer for larger pieces of food. However, most often it is used as a skimming tool to add or remove foods from hot liquids such as water or oil. Spiders may be somewhat flat and round or small round spoon-like utensils shaped into the form of an open basket. They may also be referred to as sieves, spoon sieves, spoon skimmers, or basket skimmers. A sieve, or sifter, is a device for separating wanted elements from unwanted material or for characterizing the particle size distribution of a sample, typically using a woven screen such as a mesh or net. The word "sift" derives from 'sieve'. In cooking, a sifter (干的东西, 大块剔除) is used to separate and break up clumps in dry ingredients such as flour, as well as to aerate and combine them. A strainer(干湿分离, 液固分离) is a form of sieve used to separate solids from liquid. Flour sifter, used in baking. Mesh strainer, or just "strainer", usually consisting of a fine metal mesh screen on a metal frame. Tea strainer, specifically intended for use when making tea. A skimmer 漏勺(ladle 饭勺) is a flat, sieve-like scoop or spoon used for skimming cooking liquids or lifting ripened cream from milk, such as a spider used in Chinese cuisine.
同步带: 1. Timing belt drives are toothed belts and pulleys齿轮 which transmit power and speed accurately from a drive shaft驱动杆 to a driven shaft. The teeth of the belt fit into the grooves齿槽 of a matching pulley. Correctly tensioned timing belt drives have no slippage不会打滑 and are often used in indexing applications. 2. A timing belt, toothed belt, cogged belt or cog belt, or synchronous belt is a non-slipping mechanical drive belt. It is made as a flexible belt with teeth moulded onto its inner surface. It runs over matching toothed pulleys(齿轮也叫cogwheel). When correctly tensioned, they have no slippage and are often used to transfer motion for indexing or timing purposes (hence their name). They are often used in lieu of chains or gears, so there is less noise and a lubrication bath涂满润滑油 is not necessary. Timing belts are used widely in mechanical devices from sewing machines, photocopiers and many others. A major use of toothed belts is as the timing belt used to drive the camshafts within an automobile engine. Toothed belts have two failure modes, one gradual and one catastrophic. Both increase their risk over time, so it is common for highly-stressed belts to be given a service lifetime服务期限 and to be replaced before this. One failure mode is gradual wear 磨损 to the tooth shape, which may eventually lead to slippage over rounded teeth. The belt often continues to work, but the relative timing between shafts changes. The catastrophic failure mode is caused by delamination( The act of splitting or separating a laminate into layers. laminate vb ['læmiˌneit] I. (tr) to make (material in sheet form) by bonding together two or more thin sheets. II. to split or be split into thin sheets. III. (tr) to beat, form, or press (material, esp metal) into thin sheets. IV. (tr) to cover or overlay with a thin sheet of material. wiki: Lamination层压技术 is the technique of manufacturing a material in multiple layers, so that the composite material achieves improved strength, stability, appearance or other properties from the use of differing materials. A laminate is usually permanently assembled by heat, pressure, welding, or adhesives. illumination照明. Laminated glass层压玻璃 is a type of safety glass that holds together when shattered. In the event of breaking, it is held in place by an interlayer, typically of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), between its two or more layers of glass. The interlayer keeps the layers of glass bonded even when broken, and its high strength prevents the glass from breaking up into large sharp pieces. This produces a characteristic "spider web" cracking pattern when the impact is not enough to completely pierce the glass. Laminate flooring层压地板, 强化地板 (also called floating wood tile in the United States) is a multi-layer synthetic flooring product fused together with a lamination process. Laminate flooring has grown significantly in popularity, perhaps because it may be easier to install and maintain than more traditional surfaces such as hardwood flooring. It may also have the advantages of costing less and requiring less skill to install than alternative flooring materials. It is reasonably durable, hygienic and relatively easy to maintain. It is important to keep laminate clean, as dust, dirt and sand particles may scratch the surface over time in high-traffic areas. It is also important to keep laminate relatively dry, since sitting water/moisture can cause the planks to swell膨胀膨起, warp变形, etc.( plank 木板 a. A piece of lumber cut thicker than a board. b. Such pieces of lumber considered as a group; planking.), though some brands are equipped with water-resistant coatings. Water spills aren't a problem if they're wiped up quickly, and not allowed to sit for a prolonged period of time. Adhesive felt pads are often placed on the feet of furniture on laminate floors to prevent scratching. Inferior 低级的 glueless laminate floors may gradually become separated, creating visible gaps between planks. It is important to "tap" the planks back together using the appropriate tool as you notice the gaps, otherwise dirt will fill the gaps making it difficult to close them later. Quality glueless laminate 质量好的 floors use joining mechanisms which hold the planks together under constant tension which prevent dirt entering the joints and do not need "tapping" back together periodically. ) between the belt and its fabric reinforcement. Although this may be caused by age and wear, it is often accelerated by mistreatment使用不当 of the belt, often during initial installation. Overloading the belt by bending it to a narrow radius is a common cause of damage, either by bending out of the belt's designed axis, twisting, levering it into place with tools, bending in the correct axis but to too small a radius, or even knotting打结 a belt in storage. Another cause, particularly with natural rubber belts, is contamination by oil, especially to the edges where the reinforcing fabric is exposed and can cause a wick effect ( The wick effect 蜡烛芯效应 is the name given to the partial destruction of a human body by fire, when the clothing of the victim soaks up melted human fat 衣服融合人体脂肪 and acts like the wick of a candle衣服变成了烛芯. The wick effect is a phenomenon that has been proven to occur under certain conditions, and thoroughly observed. It is one commonly offered explanation for the alleged phenomenon of spontaneous human combustion 人体自燃 (SHC). wicked adj. 邪恶的. wicker: 柳条箱. ). A timing belt or timing chain is a part of an internal combustion engine that synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft 曲柄轴 and the camshaft(s)凸轮轴 so that the engine's valves open and close at the proper times during each cylinder's intake吸气 and exhaust排气 strokes. In an interference engine the timing belt or chain is also critical to preventing the piston from striking the valves. A timing belt is a belt that usually features teeth on the inside surface, while a timing chain is a roller chain. Most modern production automobile engines utilize a timing belt or chain to synchronize crankshaft and camshaft rotation; some engines instead utilize gears to directly drive the camshafts. The use of a timing belt or chain instead of direct gear drive enables engine designers to place the camshaft(s) further from the crankshaft, and in engines with multiple camshafts a timing belt or chain also enables the camshafts to be placed further from each other. Timing chains are generally more durable than timing belts – though neither is as durable as direct gear drive – however, timing belts are lighter, less expensive, and operate more quietly.
