用法学习： 1. down-and-dirty I. (American informal) 肮脏的. 龌龊的. down-and-dirty behaviour is not pleasant or honest. Intently and fiercely competitive, often unscrupulously so. unscrupulous; nasty: a down-and-dirty election campaign. "Keeping his cool has never been easy for [him] in the playoffs . . . when opponents do their down-and-dirty best to bewitch, bother and bewilder him" He ran a down-and-dirty political campaign. II. (American informal) 色色的. something that is down-and-dirty is shocking, often because it is connected with sex. Bawdy. Bawdy; lewd. He likes his films down-and-dirty. jilt 抛弃的 v. To deceive or drop (a lover) suddenly or callously冷酷的. n. One who discards a lover. 2. acquainted adj. I. Known by or familiar with another. a. To cause to come to know personally. (sometimes foll by with) on terms of familiarity but not intimacy. Let me acquaint you with my family. b. To make familiar: acquainted myself with the controls. II. (foll by with) having knowledge or experience (of); familiar (with). Informed or familiar: Are you fully acquainted with the facts? Please acquaint us with your plans. acquainted with someone [of a person] known to someone; [of a person] having been introduced to someone. (be ~; become ~; get ~.) We are only acquainted with each other. We are certainly not what you would call close friends. acquainted with something familiar with something; able to understand or recognize something. (be ~; become ~; get ~.) Tom is fully acquainted with the way we do things. 3. rub someone's nose in it Fig. to remind one of something one has done wrong; to remind one of something bad or unfortunate that has happened. (Alludes to a method of housebreaking pets.). When Bob failed his exam, his brother rubbed his nose in it. Mary knows she shouldn't have broken off her engagement. Don't rub her nose in it. echo/reverberation chamber 回音室 n. A room or enclosure with acoustically reflective walls used in broadcasting and recording to produce echoes or similar sound effects. A room with walls that reflect sound. It is used to make acoustic measurements and as a source of reverberant sound to be mixed with direct sound for recording or broadcasting. An echo chamber is a hollow enclosure used to produce echoing sounds, usually for recording purposes. For example, the producers of a television or radio program might wish to produce the aural illusion that a conversation is taking place in a cave; this effect might be accomplished by playing the recording of the conversation inside an echo chamber, with an accompanying microphone to catch the echoes. In music, the use of acoustic echo and reverberation effects has taken many forms and dates back many hundreds of years. 4. drug up I. to take a narcotic drug: The addict prowled about for a place to drug up. II. to give someone a lot of drugs or medicine with the result that they cannot behave normally. Doctors can't just drug people up for their own convenience图自己方便. a glut/drug on/in the market, a commodity that is overabundant or in excess of demand in the market. something that is on the market in great abundance. Right now, small computers are a drug on the market. Twenty years ago, small transistor radios were a glut on the market. 6. sober ['səubə] up I. to recover from alcohol or drug intoxication. Barlowe had one hour to sober up and get to the station. It took him a while to sober up. He tried to sober himself up because he had to drive home. They tried to sober up the guys who had been out all night. II. Fig. to cause someone to face reality. The harsh reality of what had happened sobered him up immediately. The arrival of the police sobered up all the revelers. stone(–cold) sober and cold sober absolutely sober. I am stone-cold sober, or I will be by morning anyway. I found the secret to waking up cold sober. Don't drink. sober as a judge I. Cliché very formal, somber, or stuffy. You certainly look gloomy, Bill. You're sober as a judge. Tom's as sober as a judge. I think he's angry. II. Cliché not drunk; alert and completely sober. John's drunk? No, he's as sober as a judge. You should be sober as a judge when you drive a car. straight adj. I. Slang Not being under the influence of alcohol or drugs. I am sure you are not on drugs, you sound straight to me. II. 不掺水的. 不掺杂的. Not mixed with anything else; undiluted: straight bourbon.
奥斯卡主持人宣布: "There's something you just cannot fake装不来 about being relaxed and delivering material in a way that makes people feel like they are in very good hands for an evening. Ellen has that ability, for sure. She's amazing." And it cut short the controversy and turmoil that has surrounded the hosting decision in recent years. In 2011, Eddie Murphy was an early choice for the job. But he stepped down after Brett Ratner was pressured to resign as the show's producer in the wake of homophobic comments. Veteran Oscar host Billy Crystal was drafted late in the process, a move many deemed stale but necessary due to the time crunch. In 2012, in their first stint as producers, Zadan and Meron chose wildcard Seth MacFarlane in the hopes he would attract a younger, male demographic. They succeeded in their ratings quest诉求, but still alienated some after Oscar skits that included the Family Guy creator singing a song about best-actress candidates called We Saw Your Boobs. "Ellen is a safe choice, With Seth last year nobody knew what to expect. With Billy Crystal everyone knew exactly what to expect. With Ellen, it's safe to assume you'll have a fun time." DeGeneres' choice is also another clear signal 明确无误的信号 to the world that the academy wants to move away from being portrayed as a "club of old, white men," says Feinberg. "The selection of 选择 Ellen reaffirms 重申, 更加证明 the academy's move to embrace diversity支持不同," says Feinberg. "And what better way could there be还有什么更好的办法 to distance itself from Ratner's comments about gays and MacFarlane's comments about women than to hire the most famous and popular lesbian entertainer to host the Oscars?" The two sides will come together in the coming weeks to decide upon the show's direction. "I cannot remember signing up an Oscar host this early, literally seven months to the day before the ceremony airs," says Feinberg, "But getting Ellen to commit this early can only improve the quality and viewership of the Oscars telecast."
斯诺登事件: According to Reuters, a source "with detailed knowledge on the matter" stated that Booz Allen's hiring screeners found some details of his education "did not check out precisely", but decided to hire him anyway; Reuters stated that the element which triggered these concerns引发这种疑虑的因素, or the manner in which Snowden satisfied the concerns, were not known. Snowden's resume stated that he estimated that he would receive a University of Liverpool computer security master's degree in 2013. A spokesperson for the university said that in 2011 Snowden registered for an online master's degree program in computer security and that "he is not active in his studies and has not completed the program." Snowden explained his choice of Hong Kong thus: NSA employees must declare their foreign travel 30 days in advance and are monitored. There was a distinct possibility I would be interdicted截留, 截获 en route, so I had to travel with no advance booking to a country with the cultural and legal framework to allow me to work without being immediately detained. Hong Kong provided that. Iceland could be pushed harder, quicker, before the public could have a chance to make their feelings known, and I would not put that past ( [would] not put something/it past someone to do sth 不相信, 不信任, 不奇怪 Consider someone capable of doing
something, especially something bad. This expression uses past in the sense of
"beyond." something that you say when
you think that it is possible that someone might do something wrong or
unpleasant. I wouldn't put it past
him to tell a lie or two. 'Do you really think he'd go off with another woman?' (often + to do sth) I wouldn't put it past
Lorna to deny all knowledge of this plan. When someone says "I wouldn't
put cheating past her," they mean something like "If she's caught
cheating, I wouldn't be surprised." When someone says "I wouldn't put it
past them to get drunk," they mean something like "They're capable of
getting drunk." When someone says "I wouldn't put anything past your
friend," they mean something like "He would do anything," or "You never
know what he would do!". not put it past sb (to do sth) to not be surprised if someone does something bad, because it is a typical thing for them to do: Perhaps Helena told him - I wouldn't put it past her. ) the current US administration. Snowden said that he was predisposed ( predispose [,pri:di'spəuz] vb (tr) I. 先入为主. (often foll by to or towards) To make (someone) inclined to something in advance. To make (someone) inclined to something in advance. His good manners predispose people in his favor. II. To make susceptible or liable: conditions that predispose miners to lung disease. 作为不及物: a genetic trait that predisposes to the development of cancer. III. Chiefly law to dispose of (property, etc.) beforehand; bequeath. predispose someone or something to(ward) something to make someone or something susceptible易遭受的 to something. Your comments will not predispose me toward a favorable treatment of your case. Do you think that this weather will predispose me to catching a cold? On July 1, 2013, president Evo Morales of Bolivia, who had been attending a conference of gas-exporting countries in Russia, appeared predisposed to offer asylum to Snowden during an interview with Russia Today. ) "to seek asylum in a country with shared values", and that his ideal choice would be Iceland. As speculation mounted that Snowden's departure from Hong Kong was imminent, media reports emerged that the British government warned airlines that Snowden was not welcome in the United Kingdom. On June 20 and 21, a representative of WikiLeaks said that a chartered jet had been prepared to transport Snowden to Iceland, and WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange announced that he was brokering 协调 a discussion between Snowden and the Government of Iceland for Snowden's possible asylum in Iceland. Upon landing in Vienna, the presidential plane was reportedly searched by Austrian officials, although the Bolivian Defense Minister denied a search took place, saying Morales had denied entry to his plane. The refusals for entry into French, Spanish and Italian airspace ostensibly for "technical reasons", strongly denounced by Bolivia, Ecuador and other South American nations, were attributed to rumors perpetuated allegedly by the US that Snowden was on board. Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs, José García-Margallo, publicly stated that they were told he was on board but did not specify as to who had informed them. Austrian media later claimed the rumor originated with the US ambassador to Austria. Former US President Jimmy Carter said: "He's obviously violated the laws of America, for which he's responsible, but I think the invasion of human rights and American privacy has gone too far ... I think that the secrecy that has been surrounding this invasion of privacy has been excessive, so I think that the bringing of it to the public notice has probably been, in the long term, beneficial." The editors of Bloomberg News argued that, while the government ought to prosecute Snowden, the media's focus on Snowden took attention away from issues of U.S. government surveillance, the interpretations of the Patriot Act, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act court actions, all of which are "what really matters in all this.".
肚胀, 涨肚： Bloating is any abnormal general swelling, or increase in
diameter of the abdominal area. As a symptom, the patient feels a full
and tight abdomen, which may cause abdominal pain, and sometimes
accompanied by increased stomach growling肚子咕咕叫(stomach rumble is a rumbling, growling, gurgling noise. ) or more seriously the total
lack of it. The most common symptom associated with bloating is a
sensation that the abdomen is full or distended( distend [di'stɛnd] vb I. 胀大. to expand or be expanded by or as if by pressure from within; swell; inflate. II. (tr) to stretch out or extend. III. (tr) to magnify in importance; exaggerate. ). Rarely, bloating may be
painful or cause shortness of breath喘不上气, 呼吸急促. Pains that are due to
bloating will feel sharp and cause the stomach to cramp胃痉挛. These pains may
occur anywhere in the body and can change locations quickly. They
are so painful that they are sometimes mistaken for heart pains when
they develop on the upper left side of the chest. Pains on the right
side are often confused with problems in the appendix or the
gallbladder. One symptom of gas that is not normally associated
with it is the hiccup. Hiccups are harmless and will diminish on their
own自行消失; they also help to release gas that is in the digestive tract消化道 before
it moves down to the intestines and causes bloating. Important but
uncommon causes of abdominal bloating include ascites( ascites [ə'saiti:z] 腹水 An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity胃腔.) and tumors. Gas
and bloating is a sign that food is not being digested correctly by the
body. An inadequate intake of water will cause excessive stomach
bloating. Water benefits the body by aiding
with digestion because it supports a majority of the body's daily
functions. Fatty foods cause a formation of fat cells to develop
throughout the body and contribute to bloating as well. A build up of
fat cells slows down the body's ability to empty the stomach. Dairy products also contribute to excessive cramps,
gas, and bloating. Persons who are intolerant
to lactose products experience this effect more than others. Once these
foods are digested, the bloating will fade. Get rid of bloating by cutting out fizzy drinks冒泡饮料 and foods that cause wind导致放屁. Sit down to eat and take regular exercise. 关于动物的肚胀: Bloat is a digestive disorder characterized by an accumulation of gas in the first two compartments of a ruminant's stomach (the rumen反刍动物的第一个胃 and reticulum). Production of gas (primarily carbon dioxide and methane甲烷) is a normal result of fermentation processes. The gas is usually discharged by belching打嗝 (erutication) but, if the animal is unable to remove the excess gas, pressure builds up in the rumen-reticulum exerting pressure on the diaphragm which prevents the animal from inhaling, and bloat occurs. The most common type of bloat is frothy bloat where gas builds up in a foam or froth above the rumen contents and the normal belching is inhibited. Observable bloat can occur after as little as 15 minutes of grazing放牧. Often the animal bloats only mildly and stops eating. The discomfort is eventually relieved. In more severe bloat, the animal's rumen is distended胀大 by ballooning of the rumen, it urinates and defecates frequently, bellows and staggers. Death, due to restricted breathing呼吸不畅 and heart failure follows unless action is taken. Bloat can occur on any forage草料 that is low in fiber and high in protein but is most common on immature legume豆类 pastures草场. Bloat has been observed on alfalfa, white clover, and red clover pastures but is rare on trefoil sainfoin and vetch pastures. It usually occurs when cattle or sheep are first turned onto legume pastures. It seldom occurs on grasses, (or pastures with at least 50% grass), coarser pastures, or hay. Bloat usually follows a heavy feeding or grazing period. Animals that are hungry or greedy feeders贪食者 are most susceptible最易染病的. Frost, dew水珠, 露水([dju]) or rain on the field often increase the likelihood of bloat. Bloat incidence is likely to be increased during periods of rapid plant growth in the spring or following a summer rain. When bloat is observed, immediately remove all animals from pasture and offer dry hay. This will reduce the bloat problem in all animals that will eat. Causing bloated animals to walk is also helpful. Bloat can cause death in as little as 1 hour so it is important to be prepared to render emergency treatment. Materials and directions for use can be obtained from the local veterinarian. 人类的肚胀: Most of us have experienced the feeling of being bloated, when your tummy is stretched, puffy and uncomfortable. It often happens after a big weekend or over a festive season. But for some people, bloating is more than an occasional inconvenience. If your stomach or tummy often feels bloated, it could be due to: excess wind, constipation, swallowing air (from talking while eating etc), food intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, Excess wind. Cut down on (cut out on是完全戒掉) foods known to cause wind and bloating, such as: beans, onions, broccoli, cabbage, sprouts, cauliflower. But make sure you still eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. Constipation: If you get constipation, take steps to prevent it with a fibre-rich diet, drinking lots of fluids and taking regular exercise. Even a 20-30 minute brisk walk( [brisk] adj I. 活跃的. lively and quick; vigorous. a brisk walk. trade was brisk. II. invigorating or sharp. brisk weather. ) four times a week can improve your bowel function. Swallowing air: Try not to swallow too much air. Don't talk and eat at the same time, sit down to eat (sitting upright 坐直 and not slumped over), reduce the amount of fizzy drinks you consume, stop chewing gum and chew with your mouth closed so that you're not taking in excess air. Food intolerance: Food intolerance can lead to bloating when: Your bowel doesn't empty properly. The food causes gas to be trapped. Too much gas is produced as a reaction to the food. The main offenders are wheat or gluten and dairy products. The best approach if you have a food intolerance is to eat less of the culprit food or cut it out completely完全戒掉, 完全不吃. Keep a food diary for a couple of weeks, noting everything that you eat and drink and when bloating troubles you most. But don't get rid of food groups long-term without advice from your GP. Irritable bowel syndrome: People with irritable bowel syndrome often complain of bloating, especially in the evening. The bloating of IBS doesn't seem to be linked with excess wind. It's thought to be down to erratic propulsion of contents through the bowel. It can help to cut down on fatty or high-fibre foods. Peppermint tea or capsules have also been reported to help ease IBS symptoms. Heartburn烧心, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia, or acid indigestion is a burning sensation in the chest, just behind the breastbone or in the epigastrium, the upper central abdomen. The pain often rises in the chest and may radiate扩散, 发散 to the neck, throat, or angle of the jaw. Heartburn is usually associated with regurgitation ( regurgitate [ri'gɜ:dʒi,teit] vb I. to vomit forth (partially digested food). II. 喂食. (of some birds and certain other animals) to bring back to the mouth (undigested or partly digested food with which to feed the young). III. (intr) 吐奶. to be cast up or out, esp from the mouth. IV. (Medicine) (intr) 血液倒流. (of blood) to flow backwards, in a direction opposite to the normal one, esp through a defective heart valve. 婴儿吐奶: Almost every baby spits up. It may be that she's eaten more than her stomach can hold, or it may follow a burp. Most of the time, she will spit up a tablespoon or two of milk—not enough to interfere with her nourishment. Most babies grow out of this "spitting up" phase by the time they can sit. 动物的喂食: Regurgitation is used by a number of species to feed their young. This is typically in circumstances where the young are at a fixed location and a parent must forage or hunt for food, especially under circumstances where the carriage of small prey would be subject to robbing by other predators or the whole prey is larger than can be carried to a den动物窝 or nest动物巢穴. Some bird species also occasionally regurgitate pellets of indigestible matter such as bones and feathers. It is in most animals a normal and voluntary process unlike the complex vomiting reflex in response to toxins. Honey is produced by a process of regurgitation by honey bees, which is stored in the beehive as a primary food source.) of gastric acid胃酸 (gastric reflux) which is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
