用法学习: 1. But this is the top price 最高价位 we can offer, we can't move any further 不能再让步了. He won't budge改变心意, 改主意. latitude 自由度 [uncountable] formal freedom to use your own methods and judgment in doing something. He was allowed a lot of latitude in implementing company policy. leeway 自由发挥空间 the amount of freedom that someone has to make their own decisions or to take action. A varying degree or amount of freedom or flexibility; margin, latitude, elbowroom. I don't think we have a lot of leeway when it comes to proper formatting. make up the leeway to reach a satisfactory position after a period when you did not make enough progress. wiggle room 回旋余地, 余地, 自由伸展的空间 noun informal leeway, latitude. a contract with wiggle room for further negotiations. capacity or scope for negotiation or operation, especially in order to modify a previous statement or decision. "the state legislature allows very little wiggle room in how to design the ballot". Even the best researched scientific and statistical analysis of your salary level still has a lot of guesswork 很多靠猜的, 猜测, 瞎猜的 and wiggle room in it. The first offer you hear is [almost] never the best offer, and even "take it or leave it" offers can be improved. Starting lower leaves you some wiggle room to negotiate. She says that studies have shown that most job applicants can negotiate increases of between 3% and 8% above an initial offer. Rothenberg, at TheLadders, which specializes in jobs that pay more than $100,000 a year, says more highly compensated professionals can have as much as 20% upward wiggle room. Melrose adds that professionals who are bringing business 带走客户, 带走项目 with them to a new firm especially have room to push an offer higher. In a tight economy 经济形势不好, 经济紧缩 it's also wise to ask to be promised a salary review after six months, Rothenberg and Chandler both suggest. wriggle = wiggle: to move, or to make something move, by twisting or turning quickly. She wriggled her toes in the thick soft carpet. wriggle out of (doing) something to avoid doing something by making excuses. Don't try and wriggle out of doing your homework. 2. the bare bones the most basic features or details. the bare bones of: Anderson outlined the bare bones of his strategy. If we abandon our pattern, removing the while loop, the go flag, and the ReadLine, we get a bare-bones Wait/Pulse example. shout I. [with object] 露着. 透着. 显示着. 昭示着. 彰显着. Indicate or express (a particular quality or characteristic) unequivocally or powerfully: from crocodile handbag to gold-trimmed shoes, she shouted money. II [with two objects] Australian/New Zealand informal Treat (someone) to (something, especially a drink): I'll shout you a beer. a. [no object] Buy a round of drinks: anyone shooting a hole in one must shout for all players present on the course. shout someone down 喝止, 呵斥 Prevent someone from speaking or being heard by shouting: he was shouted down as he tried to explain the decision. 程序: This example is not possible to display the output, because it's nondeterministic 结果不唯一的, 结果不一的, 不一定的, 没有定论的, 没有一定结果的( (computer science) Exhibiting nondeterminism; involving choices between indistinguishable possibilities. Nondeterministic bottom-up tree automaton recognize the class of regular tree languages. indeterministic 随意性的, 随机的 (philosophy) Not deterministic; containing randomness. deterministic [dɪˌtərmɪnˈɪstɪk] I. 有因必有果的, 因果报应的. 自有天意的. using or believing in the idea that everything is caused by another event or action and so you are not free to choose what you do. II. (computing, of an algorithm) 只会有一种结果的. 结果必然的. Having each state depend only on the immediately previous state, as opposed to having some states depend on backtracking where there may be multiple possible next actions and no way to choose between them except by trying each one and backtracking upon failure. determinate 下定决心的, 决心已下的, 坚决不动摇的 conclusive; decisive; positive. clearly fixed or decided. Fixed, set, unvarying. determined 决意要做的, 心意已决的 not willing to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do. a strong, determined woman. determined to do something: I was determined to make it as a jazz musician. determined (that) 十分确定的, 十分肯定的: Baxter is determined that this year things will be different. a. [usually before noun] showing that you are not willing to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do. determined opposition/resistance. a determined effort/attempt/attack: a determined effort to fight to the bitter end.)! A race ensues 竞争成为必然 between the main thread and the worker. If Wait executes first, the signal works. If Pulse executes first, the pulse is lost and the worker remains forever stuck. This differs from the behavior of an AutoResetEvent, where its Set method has a memory or "latching" effect, so it is still effective if called before WaitOne. 3. The 'Keeping Up with the Kardashians' star said: 'Prince George is the cutest ever. He is so cute and preppy, but he still represents very well. He is very cute.' Talking about her choice to expand their fashion line for children, Khloé said it was 'a natural progression自然而然的事, 再自然不过的事, 自然进行的事' as her sister's Kourtney Kardashian and Kim Kardashian West's children - Reign, North, Penelope, and Mason Disick - are ' so fashion forward 时尚超前的'. Preppy or prep (all abbreviations of the word preparatory) refer to a subculture in the United States associated with the old private Northeastern university-preparatory schools. The terms are used to denote a person seen as characteristic of a student or alumnus of these schools. Prep has become a colloquialism in the United States and has largely replaced preppy in modern usage. Characteristics of preps in the past, include a particular subcultural speech, vocabulary, dress, mannerisms, etiquette, reflective of an upper class upbringing上层教养. The term preppy derives from the private, university-preparatory or prep schools that some American upper-class and upper-middle-class children attend. The term preppy is commonly associated with the Ivy League and oldest universities in the Northeast, since traditionally a primary goal in attending a prep school was admittance into one of these institutions. Preppy fashion derives from the fashions of these old Northeastern colleges in the early to mid-twentieth century. 4. puffy I. a part of your body that is puffy is slightly swollen. 肿肿的. II. big, round, and light. puffy clouds. III. Speaking or writing in an exaggeratedly eloquent and self-important manner. Sticks and stones will break my bones but words will never hurt me. Sticks and stones may break my bones (but words will never hurt me). something that you say which means that people cannot hurt you with bad things they say or write about you Criticism has never bothered me. Sticks and stones may break my bones, and all that. sook I. (Australia, Atlantic Canada, New Zealand, slang, derogatory) A crybaby爱哭鬼, a complainer, a whinger; a shy or timid person, a wimp; a coward. Don′t be such a sook. II. (Australia, Atlantic Canada, New Zealand, slang) A sulk or complaint; an act of sulking. I was so upset that I went home and had a sook about it. An Australian slang term used to indicate another person is soft, easily upset, or just a plain pussy. Joe: I'm in so much pain right now, I've got such a bad bruise on my knee. Bob: *Looks at Joe's Knee* You call that a bruise, don't be such a sook, my dick has had bigger bruises on it than that. John: Yeah Joe you fucking pussy, don't be such a sook. 5. Keep up the good work. Please keep doing the good things that you are doing now. (A general phrase of encouragement.) Father: Your grades are fine, Bill. Keep up the good work. Bill: Thanks, Dad. "Nice play," said the coach. "Keep up the good work!". persist I. to continue to do or say something in a determined way. "But why?" he persisted坚持问道. persist with: They are determined to persist with their campaign. persist in doing something: Why do you persist in denying that it was your fault? persist in: She persisted in her refusal to pay. II. to continue to exist. Call your doctor if the symptoms persist 持续不退 for more than three days. 5. cotton wool bud (澳洲和UK用法) 棉棒, 棉签 = cotton bud (UK) = cotton swab = Q-tip (US) (UK) A short, thin and flexible rod with a small wad of cotton wool at each end. Q-tip: A cotton swab consisting of short, thin, flexible plastic rods with a swab of cotton wool (UK)/cotton (US) at each end; they are typically used for cleaning the ears. Cotton swabs (American) or cotton buds (British) consist of a small wad of cotton wrapped around one or both ends of a short rod, usually made of either wood, rolled paper, or plastic. They are commonly used in a variety of applications including first aid, cosmetics application, cleaning, and arts and crafts. The term "Q-tips" is often used as a genericized trademark for cotton swabs in the USA and Canada. Although doctors have said for years that usage of the cotton swab for ear cleaning or scratching is not safe, such use remains the most common. 6. misinform 被给错误消息, 消息来源错误 to give someone false or incorrect information, especially in order to trick them. The senator has simply been misinformed. staunch adj. A staunch supporter or believer is very loyal to a person, organization, or set of beliefs, and supports them strongly. 坚定的. He's a staunch supporter of controls on government spending. He was staunchly opposed to a public confession. when least expected 最不经意的时候(when you least expect it) when one does not expect something. An old car is likely to give you trouble when least expected. My pencil usually breaks when least expected. When something is not awaited, as in My brother always calls when least expected, or You might know that the furnace would break down when least expected-we just had it overhauled.
Adam Goodes被boo事件: The Indigenous Sydney Swans player should be entering the twilight of his career(in the twilight of something. in the final stages of something. He was now in the twilight of his musical career.) amid a hail of plaudits([ˈplɔdɪts] praise The design of the building has won plaudits from around the world.). Instead he's on the verge of being hounded out( hound out 被逼离职 to force someone to leave a job or a place: He claims he was hounded out of his job by a group of students who disapproved of his views.). Adam Goodes has been granted two days' leave by the Sydney Swans as he attempts to deal with his treatment by fans and there are reports he may even retire from the game immediately. They're booing him because he acts like a pillock( (UK, mildly pejorative, slang) a stupid or annoying person; simpleton; fool. a stupid person. Etymology: The origin of pillock is believed to go back to the 16th century meaning penis from the Norwegian word pillicock, presumably akin to the slang dickhead meaning inept fool.) from time to time. And if Sydney Swans CEO Andrew Ireland is genuinely interested in race relations then he shouldn't cry "racist" with no evidence. It's obvious to any footy-lover that the fans boo Goodes because: It's become a thing; He deliberately taunts opposition fans; He is accused of staging for free kicks(diver, flopper), in contravention of ( contravention [ˌkɑntrəˈvenʃən] the action of doing something that is not allowed by a rule, law, or agreement. a. [countable] something that is not allowed by a rule, law, or agreement. in contravention of in a way that is not allowed by a rule, law, or agreement. They have acted in contravention of the terms of the treaty.) the rules of fair play; No one has forgotten how he singled out a 13 year old girl in the Collingwood crowd and sicced ( sic I. To incite an attack by, especially a dog or dogs. set a dog or other animal on (someone). "the plan was to surprise the heck out of the grizzly by sicking the dog on him". He sicced his dog on me! II. set someone to pursue, keep watch on, or accompany (another). (transitive) To set upon; to chase; to attack. Sic 'em, Mitzi. Usage notes: The sense of "set upon" is most commonly used as an imperative, in a command to an animal. n. used in writing after a word that is not spelt or used correctly to show that you have written it that way because you are repeating what someone else said or wrote. ) security onto her after she called him an "ape"; He was rewarded for outing this powerless little girl with the honour of Australian of the Year which he then turned into a grievance pulpit 平台, 讲坛 to bag Australia as a racist nation. Unlike most sports gurus in this town, I loved Goodes' indigenous war dance last month as the Swans beat Carlton. For one thing, it's about time we beat the Kiwis and their haka at their own game. For another, he just did it so well. Bravo, I say. He stole the show. But he also served it up to the opposition fans, deliberately riling them up 惹怒, 激怒. That's what he does. So when he gets booed, it's just the crowd's natural response to his invitation. It's a tough game that Goodes started and only he can finish. But for sports administrators and sanctimonious ( sanctimonious [ˌsæŋktəˈmouniəs] 道德高尚的, 道德崇高的 used for describing someone who tries to show that they have better moral or religious principles than other people. I was aware even as I spoke how sanctimonious I sounded.) journalists to denounce the crowds as somehow anti-Aboriginal is the real racism. It's that sort of patronising victim-pandering ( showing disapproval pander to someone/something 投其所好, 正中下怀 to do or say what someone wants in order to please them, even though you know it is not right. The government was accused of pandering to racial prejudice. Procuring or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, colloquially called a pimp (if male) or a madam (if female), is an agent for prostitutes who collects part of their earnings. The procurer may receive this money in return for advertising services, physical protection, or for providing, and possibly monopolizing, a location where the prostitute may engage clients. Like prostitution, the legality of certain actions of a madam or a pimp vary from one region to the next.) that holds Aboriginals down. If Adam Goodes wants to be a pillock, good for him. He will be booed like any other pillock, no matter what the colour of their skin. 其他报道: The most successful sporting franchise in Australia has a problem. Really, it is a problem with the country, the original problem, finding voice in football stadiums across the country. Adam Goodes, Australian rules football's most prominent Indigenous player, is being relentlessly booed. For weeks now, each time Goodes nears the ball, pockets of the crowd erupt in ugly jeering. On Sunday, the saga reached a new pitch ( to reach a new pitch of intensity. pitch I. [singular/uncountable] the level or degree of activity or of someone's emotions. rise to/reach a pitch: Excitement and enthusiasm rose to fever pitch (=reached a high level). The fighting between the supporters of the two groups reached a new pitch. a. a level of development. fever pitch a state of great excitement Excitement remained at a fever pitch until the very end. high pitch: Expertise in these techniques was already at a high pitch. II. [countable] the things that you say to persuade someone to buy something or to support you. sales pitch: People are very wary of the obvious sales pitch. make a pitch (for something): She only had ten minutes to make her pitch for the contract. ) when one of Goodes's Indigenous team-mates, Lewis Jetta, marked a late goal against the West Coast Eagles by mimicking a spear-throwing gesture, in response to the hounding of Goodes throughout the game by Eagles fans. Nowhere in the world are Australian sports fans known for their grace. AFL crowds are particularly vocal 爱发声. But Goodes knows what he is hearing. In June, after slotting a goal against Carlton, the Sydney Swans midfielder – one of the finest players of the modern era – charged at a braying ( bray I. [intransitive] to make the loud rough sound that a donkey makes. II. [intransitive/transitive] to talk or laugh in a loud annoying way. ) section of the opposition crowd with a fierce war cry嘶吼, ending with the feigned toss of a spear. The game had never seen anything like it. "I haven't had an opportunity to show that passion, and that pride about being a warrior and representing my people and where I come from," Goodes said the next day. "There was nothing untoward to the Carlton supporters(not appropriate, usual, or normal. nothing untoward: It's important that nothing untoward should happen during his visit. anything untoward: There was no evidence in the house of anything untoward.). It was actually something for them to stand up and go, 'yep we see you, and we acknowledge you – bring it on'." Has an imaginary spear ever cut so deep? Pictures of apes soon appeared on Goodes' Wikipedia page. Veteran commentator Dennis Cometti was audibly uncomfortable at the dance. "Probably best not to do it," he said. "Won't stop the booing." Another, Dermott Brereton, also disapproved. "To actually run at somebody in a war dance ... it actually signifies 'I want to be violent against you'," he said. "No good can come of it能有什么好事发生." Goodes has unusual political awareness for a professional athlete, born out of "being the object of racism so many times that you lose count", he wrote in a 2008 essay. He used his platform as Australian of the Year in 2014 to declare John Pilger's harrowing documentary Utopia had made him "ashamed to be Australian". The year before, after a contest on the boundary in a match against Collingwood, Goodes repeatedly pointed at a section of the crowd. Someone had called him an "ape", he said. It was a young girl. "To hear a 13-year-old girl call me an ape ... it was shattering," Goodes said. "Racism has a face. It's a 13-year-old girl." The teenager was ejected from the stadium and took a panning ( informal criticize (someone or something) severely. "the movie was panned by the critics". ) in the media (one that Goodes tried to quell). That's about when the booing started. For the AFL, it sounds like the howling of a dark past. Just 18 Indigenous men played football at the highest level between 1906 and 1980. If they even made it to the field (one player, Doug Nicholls, was rejected in the late 1920s because he "smelt") they would enter a cauldron of unchecked racism(cauldron [ˈkɔ:ldrən] I. a large round metal container used for cooking over a fire. II. [usually singular] mainly journalism a dangerous or exciting situation where you cannot be sure what will happen next. a cauldron of emotions/suspicion/hatred etc: The city had become a cauldron of lawlessness and unrest. unchecked not controlled, or not prevented from happening Why was such abuse allowed to go unchecked?), protected by the game's old code: what happens on the field stays there. Goodes's war dance echoed the defiant gesture, 22 years before, that arguably kicked off the discussion of race in the game. In front of a heaving Collingwood crowd hurling racist abuse, Indigenous player Nicky Winmar suddenly lifted his St Kilda shirt and cocked a middle finger at his stomach. He roared, "I'm black and I'm proud to be black." Shame is stirred slowly. Little changed for two years. In 1995, during the annual Anzac Day match, probably the game's biggest stage outside the grand final, a Collingwood player wrestling with Indigenous Essendon stars Michael Long and Che Cockatoo-Collins cried, "Get off me, you little black cunt". The umpire, within earshot, did nothing. Long did something new: he made an official complaint. "Long is Australian football's Mandela moment," says writer and journalist Martin Flanagan, who has recently written a book about Long and race in the game. "As the politics of the dispute escalates, the football public, which is overwhelmingly white, back the black man against the white institution," he says. "And so overnight the culture of the game changes." Public pressure, coupled with Long's relentless pursuit, forced the AFL to introduce Rule 30, the country's first sporting law banning racial vilification on the field. AFL administrators now pose comfortably before that famous image of Winmar. Long is widely acknowledged as one of the game's legends. The code has become a national leader on Indigenous issues, introducing an annual Indigenous round of fixtures 固定赛事 and championing the cause of Recognise, the campaign to include reference to Australia's First Peoples in the constitution, and insert a clause banning racial discrimination. The number of Indigenous players in the game has rocketed, too, with 71 now registered at elite level, according to the AFL's count. The league has embraced Goodes's awareness of his heritage and held him up as one of the game's ambassadors. Now he is asking: how committed are you to this, really? The jeerers have mounted a spirited defence online and across call-in radio programs. On Wednesday conservative columnists and the Sydney radio host Alan Jones were at one in ( at one with I. in agreement with someone. The Liberals were at one with the Tories on this issue. II. happy and relaxed in your environment. Here in the mountains I feel totally at one with nature.) blaming Goodes for bringing vitriol on his head ( [ˈvɪtriəl] very severe and cruel criticism. She poured out a stream of vitriol against her ex-husband. to bring down a curse on one's own head. take it into your head to do something to decide to do something, often something that seems silly or surprising He's taken it into his head to become really jealous. ) by singling out the 13-year-old girl in 2013, and subsequently posing as a victim. Australian football is deeply tribal分帮派的, and opposition fans have fair reasons to begrudge ( I. to feel annoyed because someone has something that you want, and you think they do not deserve it. not begrudge someone something: No one could begrudge him the money – he's such a nice guy. II. to feel annoyed that you have to do something. begrudge doing something: I begrudge paying so much just to park the car. ) Goodes, including his electrifying skill, and the perception he milks free kicks from umpires. Also true is that other Indigenous players, such as fellow Sydney superstar Lance "Buddy" Franklin, are not subjected to the same harassment. But there is a darkness to the jeering that makes it difficult to believe it has no racial undertone whatsoever (which feels a little like insisting, as per Gamergate, that it's about the ethics of booing in football). Fairfax Media sportswriter Jake Niall has drawn on 引用 ( draw on or draw upon I. to use something that you have gradually gained or saved. As an actor, you often draw on your own life experiences. Your body draws on its reserves of fat during the times when you are fasting. Use (one's experience, talents, or skills) as a resource: Sue has a lot of past experience to draw on. II. to breathe in smoke from a cigarette. She shook her head as she drew on her cigarette. III. [often passive] draw something on something to take money from a bank account by writing a check. He paid with a check drawn on his company's account. Obtain or withdraw (money) from a bank or other source: this check draws against my personal account. (usually be drawn) 扯进去, 牵扯进去 Induce (someone) to reveal or do something: I would rather not be drawn into your argument. ) race theorist Shelby Steele, who writes of two kinds of African-American public figures: "challengers" and "bargainers你不犯我我不犯你, 人不犯我我不犯人". Bargainers emphasise the "us", forging an unwritten pact with the white public not to show anger at historical racism, provided the public doesn't hold their race against them. Challengers such as Goodes – and Long, in a less confrontational way – don't let the white public off the hook so easily, forcing them, as Goodes put it himself in June, to "have a conversation". Probably for some the jeers are mindless, just revelling in something taboo享受禁忌的快感. But increasingly, that dull drone is sounding like an assertion of power: crowds of non-Indigenous people declaring, "We will keep doing this and you can't stop us". On Tuesday Goodes was granted two days' leave from the club. He is reportedly considering retirement. Should he return this week, the booing is unlikely to relent. There is no feel-good ending in sight. And nor should there be, Flanagan says. "This was not an artistic installation at [the museum] Mona," he says. "It's a war dance. And in the context of two peoples who have an awful, bloody history." 其他报道: AFL champion Adam Goodes is ill equipped 没有准备好 to handle the booing saga that he provoked and has gone into "hiding", according to Footy Show host John 'Sam' Newman. Newman suggested that fans were persistently booing Goodes, who has reportedly contemplated retirement and will miss the game against the Crows after being given extended leave, because he had made the game political and called claims that fans were racist "gratuitously ( gratuitous [ɡrəˈtju:ɪtəs] 没有什么原因的, 没有道理的, 毫无缘由的, 莫名其妙的 done or shown without any good reason There's too much gratuitous violence in the film. ) stupid". "I would suggest that the people boo Adam Goodes because he's turned their game into a political forum and people go to the football to get away from everything, as a release, as an outlet发泄出口 and they don't want to have to put up with political statements of any sort,"
he said. Newman spoke to Goodes as "one Australian to another", saying
the Swans champion was not as important as he thought he was and was guilty of taking himself far too seriously太把自己当回事了. "If you're going to provoke people, that is by the gesture of spear throwing at a crowd
(in reference to Goodes' war cry celebration during a game against
Carlton in May) you better not be surprised if you get what you wish for
and that's a reaction." "Unfortunately, you're not well enough equipped to deal with the fracas 纷扰 ( [ˈfreɪkəs][ˈfrækəs] a noisy fight or argument. ) and the saga that you've caused." "You're just not capable of dealing with it hence the fact that you've gone into hiding, you're not playing anymore." Newman said Goodes should have united the country as a former Australian of the year. "It is on you as an Australian of the year to unite and placate ( placate [ˈpleɪkeɪt] 安抚, 抚慰, 安慰 to stop someone from feeling angry or offended by being nice to them or by giving them what they want. Efforts to placate local government officials have thus far failed. ) people not to divide (polarize) and be a provocateur( agent provocateur 寻衅滋事, 挑起事端 someone who encourages people to do something illegal so that they can be arrested. )." 其他摘抄: "There is a place for good-natured 没有恶意的, 开玩笑的 heckling( heckle
to interrupt a speaker at a public meeting by shouting remarks,
insults, etc. at them. To insult, tease, make fun of or badger. Promise that you won't heckle me after my performance. )
in Australian sport," Mr Baird wrote on Facebook. "I've booed a few
Queensland league players in my time (Wally Lewis comes to mind). And
some may argue that the line between good-natured and malicious heckling can be fuzzy. "But there is nothing fuzzy about this. The line has been crossed." Mr Baird said good sportsmanship was something Australians prided themselves on. "The relentless booing of Adam Goodes breaks this spirit 破坏精神 of good sportsmanship," he said. "Inclusiveness 包容性, 无所不包 is crucial to our success( inclusive I. including (almost) everything within its scope. An inclusive list of Wiki formats. deliberately aiming to involve all types of people. a new era of inclusive and accountable government. II. 包括在内的. including the extremes as well as the area between. British including the specific limits that have been mentioned and everything in between. These rates are available Monday to Thursday inclusive. Numbers 1 to 10 inclusive. III. 全包括的. 包含所有的. including all costs. a three-week inclusive holiday in Italy. inclusive of: The rent is £500, inclusive of heating and electricity. inclusion 包含, 包括进来 I. (countable) An addition or annex to a group, set, or total. The poem was a new inclusion in the textbook. II. (uncountable) The act of including, i.e. adding or annexing, (something) to a group, set, or total. The inclusion of the poem added value to the course. ) as a game and our standing as a nation," Smith tweeted. New
South Wales Premier Mike Baird weighed into the debate, saying
Australians pride themselves on good sportsmanship and the relentless
booing of Goodes runs counter to that 有悖于, 违背. Baird wrote on his Facebook page that Goodes deserved the respect of fans on and off the football field. "Regardless
of the conscious or subconscious motivations of the hecklers, we can
all see that Goodsey is hurting to the point of not wanting to lace up
his boots," he wrote. "And, whichever team we support, surely we
can all agree that risking the premature ending of the career of one of
AFL's great players is totally unacceptable.
discussed point: when buying a suit, sport jacket, or blazer is the issue of the jacket lining(lined 有里子的, unlined, canvas维持衣服形状的填料.). You see – most men don't even realize they have an option. But you do – especially when buying custom or at a higher end menswear store. This leads to the question – which type of jacket is better -Lined or Unlined? Because both unlined没有里子的 and lined 有里子的 jackets have their benefits – the answer isn't clear cut 清晰明了, 显而易见. In fact – the question above is in my opinion the wrong one to ask. Instead the question should be: Which jacket style – lined or unlined – is best for your individual needs? In this article I'll be discussing the pros and cons of jacket linings – because a man should always know what his options are. Jacket linings come in a wide variety of materials and styles, ranging from a full lining of brightly-colored silk to a completely unlined jacket. The "lining" of the jacket should not be confused with the "canvas用以维持衣服形状的填料." The canvas is a layer of material attached to the inside of a jacket to give it shape, while the lining is a thinner layer of cloth that lies between the wearer's body and the canvas and jacket interior内面. Some jackets are unlined. In this case, the inside will be finished in the same material as the outside. Since a lining hides some seams, an unlined jacket typically requires more professional finishing, which increases the cost. Half-lined jackets usually have lining across the upper half of the back and down the sides of the jacket, but not on the lower part of the back. Quarter-lined or butterfly jackets are similar to a half-lining, but with the lining removed from the sides of the jacket. Only a small panel across the back and the sleeves are lined. Skeleton lining means what it sounds like — as little lining as possible, usually only a small covering in the upper back to protect the suit canvas. Advantages of a Jacket Lining: A lined jacket has more weight to it. The extra layer of cloth helps tug the garment firmly down on your shoulders, making it fall smoothly from top to bottom. Lining also provides protection for the inside of the jacket. Not only does it help absorb any sweat you might generate (reducing the need for frequent dry cleaning), it also provides another layer of cloth to stretch when your body moves. This reduces the amount of tugging 抻拽 on the actual suit material, extending its lifespan使用寿命. Certain pocket styles are sewn into the lining, particularly interior breast pockets (sometimes called "eyeglass pockets"). Unlined jackets lack these pockets, and usually need the somewhat informal patch-style pockets on the outside. Lined jackets are usually less expensive than unlined because they require less interior finishing. Linings can also be replaced reasonably easily if they wear out, whereas a worn jacket interior means it's time for a new jacket. Advantages of an Unlined Jacket: Despite the advantages of a lining, many men swear by unlined or skeleton linings里子. A primary reason for buying an unlined jacket is summer or hot-weather wear: unlined jackets are simply lighter and more breathable. Quarter-lining can be a good compromise 折衷 for men who want a bit of added durability and the option of interior pockets. Loose-weave fabrics like seersucker, hopsack, and many linens are more difficult to fit a lining for. The lining needs to be able to tighten and go slack 能松能紧 whenever the jacket does, and a typical lining won't have the same amount of tension in it as these looser weaves. Getting it fitted right is a challenge even for a skilled tailor. An improperly-fitted lining里衬, 衬里 will make the jacket bunch突起, 凸出来 and wrinkle, ruining its drape. Unlined jackets have a softer and more natural shape that many men prefer for their casual styles.
